Digital identities Archives | Page 2 of 185

EU agrees tougher child protection rules against AI-generated abuse

The agreement between the European Parliament and the Council updates legislation first adopted in 2011, reflecting the growing role of digital technologies and AI in facilitating abuse.

Under the revised directive, designing, adapting or distributing AI systems intended to generate child sexual abuse material would become a criminal offence. The updated rules would also cover deepfake abuse material, livestreamed child sexual abuse, sexual extortion, and the possession or distribution of instructions on how to commit such crimes.

The agreement also strengthens rules on consent. It clarifies that consent must be given voluntarily, cannot be inferred from silence, lack of resistance or a previous relationship, and can be withdrawn at any time.

Grooming offences would be expanded to cover situations involving coercion, threats or deception, including cases where offenders falsely present themselves as peers of the child.

Victim protection would also be strengthened through access to healthcare, legal aid, helplines, accommodation support and compensation mechanisms. The agreement also extends limitation periods, recognising that many victims need years or decades before reporting abuse.

The revised directive still requires formal adoption by the European Parliament and the Council before entering into force.

Why does it matter?

The agreement shows how EU criminal law is being adapted to AI-enabled and online forms of child sexual abuse. Criminalising AI systems designed to generate abusive material is especially significant because it targets not only harmful content but also the tools used to produce it. The revised directive also strengthens victim support and prosecution timelines, addressing the reality that many survivors report abuse years after it occurred.

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Spain reports higher removal of online hate speech content

Spain’s Observatory on Racism and Xenophobia identified 31,003 pieces of hate speech and discriminatory content on social media in May 2026, according to its monthly monitoring report.

The Observatory, known as OBERAXE, said digital platforms removed 65% of notified content, up from 56% in April. TikTok, X and Instagram recorded the highest removal rates, while the Trusted Flagger route continued to perform better than ordinary user reporting.

Trusted Flagger notifications accounted for 53% of removed content, compared with 48% in April. Content reported through ordinary user channels reached a removal rate of 12%, up from 8% the previous month.

The report found that 73% of detected content presented targeted groups as a threat, while dehumanising and severely degrading messages increased sharply compared with April. It also recorded frequent use of aggressive language and growing reliance on images, videos, memes and coded expressions.

People from North Africa remained the main target of online hate speech, followed by African and Afro-descendant people and Roma people. Narratives linked to citizen insecurity accounted for the largest share of detected content, followed by content related to social benefits and access to public resources.

OBERAXE said continued cooperation with digital platforms is essential to improve detection, removal procedures and policies aimed at combating discrimination online.

Why does it matter?

The report shows how hate speech monitoring is becoming part of platform governance and anti-discrimination policy. Spain’s data suggest that trusted reporting channels can improve removal rates, but the scale and persistence of hostile narratives show the limits of reactive moderation. The findings also raise wider questions about transparency, platform accountability and how governments can address online hate while protecting freedom of expression.

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Eurostat report highlights online hate speech exposure in the EU

More than half of young internet users in the EU encountered hostile or degrading online content in 2025, according to Eurostat data published to mark the International Day for Countering Hate Speech.

Eurostat said 54.0% of internet users aged 25 to 34 and 53.7% of those aged 16 to 24 had encountered hostile or degrading messages during the previous three months. Exposure declined with age, falling to 46.4% among people aged 35 to 44, 38.9% among those aged 45 to 54, 32.8% among those aged 55 to 64, and 28.1% among people aged 65 to 74.

Among internet users aged 16 to 24, young women reported higher exposure than young men, at 57.2% compared with 50.4%. Eurostat said the pattern was observed across all types of hostile or degrading messages.

For both young women and young men, the most commonly reported hostile messages related to political or social views and racial or ethnic origin. The largest gender gaps were recorded for messages concerning sexual orientation, sex and disability.

Eurostat said hostile or degrading content may be directed at respondents or at other people, and can include messages, comments, photos, memes, videos and other online material.

The findings underline the scale of online hostility facing younger internet users in the EU and the continuing challenge for policymakers, platforms and civil society organisations working on digital safety and content governance.

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IWF backs Pope Leo XIV call for responsible AI development

The Internet Watch Foundation has welcomed Pope Leo XIV’s reflections on AI, arguing that AI systems must be developed with stronger safeguards to protect children from abuse.

In a blog post, the IWF said the Pope’s message that technology should serve the common good and remain subject to human judgement and accountability reflects the risks its analysts are already seeing online.

The organisation warned that AI is being used to generate highly realistic child sexual abuse images and videos at scale. It said the number of AI-generated child sexual abuse videos identified by the IWF in 2025 increased by more than 260%, with nearly two-thirds falling into the most severe category of abuse.

The IWF also raised concerns about AI-nudification tools, which can generate realistic sexualised images of children and other individuals. Following the Child Dignity in the Artificial Intelligence Era conference in Rome, the organisation joined more than 100 organisations and individuals in supporting calls for a global ban on such tools.

The IWF said AI safety should be built into products from the earliest stages of development. Through its Safety by Design work, the organisation is calling for companies to assess, test and mitigate risks before AI systems reach the public.

It also called for stronger regulation, global alignment and enforceable safety-by-design standards to prevent the creation and spread of AI-generated child sexual abuse material.

Why does it matter?

The IWF’s warning shows how generative AI is creating urgent child protection risks, especially through realistic synthetic abuse material and nudification tools. The issue is no longer only content moderation after harm occurs; it increasingly concerns model design, testing, deployment and accountability before AI systems reach users. That makes safety by design, developer responsibility and international coordination central to AI governance.

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OECD says governments need stronger delivery capacity for digital transformation

The OECD says governments have made progress in building the foundations of digital government, but must now focus on turning those foundations into measurable benefits for people and businesses.

In its Digital Government Outlook 2026, the OECD says governments are operating under pressure from rapid technological change, fiscal constraints, rising public expectations and the growing adoption of AI. The report argues that digital technologies and data are now essential to public-sector performance, resilience, and trust.

The Outlook draws on the 2025 OECD Digital Government Index and the Open, Useful and Re-usable Data Index. It covers 36 OECD members and eight accession candidate countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Peru, Thailand, and Romania.

The report finds that OECD countries have strengthened key digital foundations, including shared infrastructure, interoperable systems, digital identity, cloud services and open data frameworks. The average Digital Government Index score rose from 0.61 in 2023 to 0.70 in 2025, while the OURdata Index increased from 0.48 to 0.53.

However, the OECD says progress remains uneven. Countries tend to perform better in setting strategic direction and policy frameworks than in implementation and monitoring. The report says governments often have strategies and enabling mechanisms in place but struggle to embed them in day-to-day operations, workflows and accountability systems.

AI adoption is one of the main areas where this gap is visible. The OECD says AI is already used in at least one area of government in almost every OECD country, and most countries have strategies, oversight bodies, and training programmes. Yet only 28% of OECD countries systematically assess the financial and non-financial impacts of AI use in government.

The report also points to gaps in digital skills and investment evaluation. Only six OECD countries have a dedicated strategy for developing digital skills among civil servants, while just one in four systematically evaluates whether completed digital projects delivered their intended results.

The OECD says the next phase of digital government should focus on wider adoption of interoperable systems, stronger data governance, more strategic investment and skills development, trustworthy AI at scale, and more joined-up, user-centred public services. The OECD argues that governments must move beyond fragmented digital initiatives and embed digital technologies, data and AI into everyday public-sector operations.

Why does it matter?

The report suggests that the challenge facing digital government is no longer primarily technological. Many governments have already established digital identities, cloud infrastructure, interoperable systems and data frameworks. The next challenge is ensuring these foundations translate into better public services, greater efficiency and stronger public trust.

The findings also highlight a growing implementation gap in areas such as AI. While governments are increasingly adopting AI tools and digital technologies, many lack the skills, evaluation frameworks and governance mechanisms needed to measure outcomes and scale successful initiatives. As a result, the effectiveness of future digital government reforms may depend less on technology adoption and more on institutional capacity and execution.

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Snapchat introduces friends-only content sharing for users under 16

Snapchat has begun rolling out new content-sharing protections for users aged 13 to 15, limiting the visibility of their Stories and Spotlight videos to mutually accepted friends.

Under the new experience, younger teens will have a dedicated profile where they can create, save and showcase content. Still, it will not be visible to one-sided followers or the wider Snapchat community. Snap said users in this age group will no longer be able to post Spotlight content that is visible to non-friend audiences.

The company said the change is intended to create a more private sharing environment for younger teenagers. Snapchat users under 16 will also no longer have engagement metrics such as favourite counts.

Snap said users aged 16 to 17 will have an optional introduction to public sharing, with additional safeguards, limited distribution and parental visibility. Users aged 18 and over will continue to have full access to public profiles and broader distribution tools.

The update forms part of Snapchat’s wider teen safety approach, which includes stricter default privacy settings, limits on unwanted contact, moderated public content and parental tools through Family Center.

Why does it matter?

The update reflects a broader shift towards age-appropriate design and privacy-by-default settings for younger users. By limiting public distribution for users aged 13 to 15, Snapchat is reducing minors’ exposure to unknown audiences and public engagement metrics. The change is relevant to ongoing regulatory debates on children’s online safety, platform design, algorithmic distribution and the mental health effects of public social media engagement.

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UNESCO expands gender-responsive digital education training in Tanzania

UNESCO has completed the second cohort of its Teacher Educator Training on Gender-Responsive Pedagogy for Inclusive Digital Education in Tanzania.

The initiative, delivered in partnership with Beijing Normal University (BNU) and Tanzania’s Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, trained 30 teacher educators from the University of Dodoma (UDOM) and Mkwawa University College of Education (MUCE).

The programme forms part of the UNESCO–BNU project ‘Closing the Digital Divide: Ensuring Gender-Transformative Digital Skills Education for Women and Girls‘. Participants received practical training in gender-responsive pedagogy, inclusive digital learning and strategies to encourage greater participation by girls in ICT and STEM fields.

According to UNESCO, the training focused on helping educators identify and address barriers that may discourage girls from pursuing digital skills development and careers in technology. Through workshops, peer learning, case studies, and practical exercises, participants explored approaches to creating more inclusive and equitable learning environments.

With the completion of the second cohort, the initiative has now trained 60 teacher educators from four Tanzanian higher education institutions: UDOM, MUCE, the Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE), and the Open University of Tanzania (OUT).

UNESCO expects the trained educators to pass on the knowledge and skills acquired through the programme to future teachers, creating a multiplier effect across Tanzania’s education system.

The project is now entering a new phase focused on strengthening Girls in ICT Clubs in 20 secondary schools across Tanzania. Planned activities include mentorship programmes, innovation bootcamps, ICT training and engagement with female role models aimed at encouraging girls’ participation in technology and STEM disciplines.

Why does it matter?

Digital skills are increasingly essential for participation in education, employment, and the wider economy. However, gender gaps in access to technology and STEM opportunities continue to limit the participation of women and girls in many parts of the world.

By equipping teacher educators with gender-responsive teaching approaches and supporting girls’ engagement with ICT and STEM, the UNESCO–BNU initiative seeks to address barriers at multiple levels of the education system. The programme also highlights the role of education and capacity development in promoting digital inclusion and expanding opportunities for future generations.

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Ofcom warns platforms over online abuse ahead of FIFA World Cup 2026

Ofcom has urged online platforms to strengthen protections against illegal hate speech, abuse, threats and harassment ahead of the FIFA World Cup 2026. The UK regulator reminded technology companies that they have legal responsibilities under the Online Safety Act to reduce the risk of users encountering criminal content on their services.

The intervention follows concerns about abuse directed at players, coaches, officials and commentators during previous international tournaments. According to Ofcom, online attacks have frequently targeted individuals based on race, ethnicity, perceived sexual orientation and disability, causing significant personal and professional harm.

Under the UK’s Online Safety Act, platforms are required to operate effective reporting systems, maintain adequately resourced moderation teams and remove illegal content without undue delay. Ofcom stated that evidence of failures to meet these obligations during the tournament could be considered as part of its ongoing compliance assessments.

The regulator also highlighted a partnership established earlier this year with the UK Football Policing Unit, the Football Association, the Premier League, the English Football League, the Women’s Super League, the Professional Footballers’ Association and anti-discrimination organisation Kick It Out.

The initiative aims to strengthen information sharing and support preventative measures against online abuse targeting individuals across the football ecosystem.

Why does it matter?

Major sporting events often lead to spikes in online abuse, particularly against athletes, officials and other high-profile figures. The scale and visibility of these events can amplify harmful behaviour and place additional pressure on platforms to enforce their content moderation policies effectively.

Ofcom’s intervention highlights how online safety regulation is increasingly being tested during major public events. The regulator’s warning also signals that compliance with the Online Safety Act will be assessed not only through policies on paper but through how platforms respond to real-world surges in harmful content.

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Australia’s regulator warns of growing AI-powered sextortion threat

Australia’s eSafety Commissioner has launched a public awareness campaign warning that criminals are increasingly using AI and other digital tools in sextortion scams.

The initiative, titled ‘If sextortionists were honest’, uses generative AI to expose deceptive tactics used by online criminals targeting victims through dating apps and social media platforms.

According to eSafety, more than 3,300 reports of sexual extortion were received through its image-based abuse scheme in 2025. Eighty-six percent of reports came from males of all ages, while 42% of all sextortion reports involved males aged 18 to 24.

eSafety Commissioner Julie Inman Grant said offenders are already weaponising face-swapping and voice-cloning technologies, while using generative AI to create fake but convincing online characters and improve scam scripts that previously contained warning signs such as poor grammar or inconsistent messaging.

Reports made to eSafety show that first contact frequently occurs on platforms such as Tinder, Instagram, and Grindr, before conversations are moved to WhatsApp, Telegram, or other messaging apps. Offenders may then search victims’ social media accounts to identify family members and friends they can threaten to contact.

The regulator said overseas offenders often try to appear local and legitimate, including by spoofing Australian phone numbers, using intimate images taken from other victims, or using bank accounts belonging to previous victims to receive and move payments.

eSafety said the safest response is to stop contact, report the account to the platform, block the offender, preserve evidence where possible, and seek support rather than paying. The regulator also called on platforms to take proactive Safety by Design steps, including better language analysis, classifier-based detection, accessible reporting and blocking tools, swift removal pathways for image-based abuse, and cross-platform signal sharing.

Why does it matter?

The campaign shows how generative AI is making online coercion and scams harder to detect. Sextortion is no longer only a problem of fake accounts and blackmail messages: offenders can now use AI-generated personas, improved scripts, voice cloning, and deepfake-style techniques to build trust and pressure victims more effectively. That raises the importance of platform-level detection, user reporting tools, digital literacy, and victim support.

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UNESCO promotes media literacy as response to online hate speech

UNESCO has announced a new issue brief examining how Media and Information Literacy (MIL) can help address the spread of hate speech, disinformation and other harmful content across digital platforms. The publication will be officially presented on 18 June, the International Day for Countering Hate Speech.

UNESCO argues that addressing online hate speech requires measures that extend beyond content moderation and regulation. According to UNESCO, strengthening critical thinking, ethical awareness and digital skills can help individuals better navigate information environments, assess online content and engage responsibly in digital spaces while respecting human rights and freedom of expression.

The brief presents Media and Information Literacy as a long-term educational approach to strengthening information integrity and building more resilient societies. UNESCO officials emphasise that sustainable solutions depend on combining governance measures with investments in education, digital citizenship and informed engagement with information.

The publication forms part of UNESCO’s wider efforts to promote information integrity and responsible digital governance. A related webinar will examine how digital platforms, AI and generative technologies can amplify harmful narratives and social polarisation, as well as strategies for fostering safer and more inclusive online environments.

Why does it matter?

The spread of hate speech, disinformation and other harmful content remains a major challenge for governments, platforms and civil society. While regulatory and moderation measures often focus on limiting harmful content, UNESCO argues that long-term resilience also depends on strengthening citizens’ ability to critically assess information and engage responsibly online.

The initiative reflects growing international interest in combining platform governance with education, digital literacy and information integrity efforts as societies adapt to the influence of AI-powered content creation and increasingly complex online information environments.

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