China

From Milan-Cortina to factory floors, AI powers Zhejiang manufacturing

As Chinese skater Sun Long stood on the Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics podium, the vivid red of his uniform reflected more than national pride. It also highlighted AI’s expanding role in China’s textile manufacturing.

In Shaoxing, AI-powered image systems calibrate fabric colours in real time. Factory managers say digital printing has lifted pass rates from about 50% to above 90%, easing longstanding production bottlenecks.

Tyre manufacturing firm Zhongce Rubber Group uses AI to generate multiple 3D designs in minutes. Engineers report shorter development cycles and reduced manual input across research and testing.

Electric vehicle maker Zeekr uses AI visual inspection in its 5G-enabled factory. Officials say tyre verification now takes seconds, helping eliminate assembly errors.

Provincial authorities in China report that large industrial firms are fully digitalized. Zhejiang plans to further integrate AI by 2027, expanding smart factories and industrial intelligence.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech, and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot!

Study says China AI governance not purely state-driven

New research challenges the view that China’s AI controls are solely the product of authoritarian rule, arguing instead that governance emerges from interaction between the state, private sector and society.

A study by Xuechen Chen of Northeastern University London and Lu Xu of Lancaster University argues that China’s AI governance is not purely top-down. Published in the Computer Law & Security Review, it says safeguards are shaped by regulators, companies and social actors, not only the central government.

Chen calls claims that Beijing’s AI oversight is entirely state-driven a ‘stereotypical narrative’. Although the Cyberspace Administration of China leads regulation, firms such as ByteDance and DeepSeek help shape guardrails through self-regulation and commercial strategy.

China was the first country to introduce rules specific to generative AI. Systems must avoid unlawful or vulgar content, and updated legislation strengthens minor protection, limiting children’s online activity and requiring child-friendly device modes.

Market incentives also reinforce compliance. As Chinese AI firms expand globally, consumer expectations and cultural norms encourage content moderation. The study concludes that governance reflects interaction between state authority, market forces and society.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech, and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot!

Fake DeepSeek and ChatGPT services draw penalties in China

China’s market regulator has fined several companies for impersonating AI services such as DeepSeek and OpenAI’s ChatGPT, citing unfair competition and consumer fraud. The cases form part of a broader crackdown on deceptive practices in the country’s rapidly expanding AI sector.

The State Administration for Market Regulation penalised Shanghai Shangyun Internet Technology for running a fraudulent ChatGPT service on Tencent’s WeChat platform. Regulators said the service falsely presented itself as an official Chinese version of ChatGPT and charged users for AI conversations.

In a separate case, Hangzhou Boheng Culture Media was fined for operating an unauthorised website offering so-called ‘DeepSeek local deployment’. The site closely replicated DeepSeek’s branding and interface, misleading users into paying for imitation services.

Authorities said knock-off DeepSeek mini-programmes and websites surged in early 2025, involving trademark infringement, brand confusion, and false advertising. Regulators described the enforcement actions as a deterrent aimed at restoring order in the AI marketplace.

The regulator also disclosed penalties in other AI-related cases, including unauthorised access to proprietary algorithms and the use of AI calling software for scams. China is simultaneously updating antitrust rules to address emerging risks linked to algorithm-driven market manipulation.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech, and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot!

Major Chinese data leak exposes billions of records

Cybersecurity researchers uncovered an unsecured database exposing 8.7 billion records linked to individuals and businesses in China. The data was found in early January 2026 and remained accessible online for more than three weeks.

The China focused dataset included national ID numbers, home addresses, email accounts, social media identifiers and passwords. Researchers warned that the scale of exposure in China creates serious risks of identity theft and account takeovers.

The records were stored in a large Elasticsearch cluster hosted on so called bulletproof infrastructure. Analysts believe the structure suggests deliberate aggregation in China rather than an accidental misconfiguration.

Although the database is now closed, experts say actors targeting China may have already copied the data. China has experienced several major leaks in recent years, highlighting persistent weaknesses in large scale data handling.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot! 

Chinese court limits liability for AI hallucinations

A court in China has ruled that AI developers are not automatically liable for hallucinations produced by their systems. The decision was issued by the Hangzhou Internet Court in eastern China and sets an early legal precedent.

Judges found that AI-generated content should be treated as a service rather than a product in such cases. In China, users must therefore prove developer fault and show concrete harm caused by the erroneous output.

The case involved a user in China who relied on AI-generated information about a university campus that did not exist. The court ruled no damages were owed, citing a lack of demonstrable harm and no authorisation for the AI to make binding promises.

The Hangzhou Internet Court warned that strict liability could hinder innovation in China’s AI sector. Legal experts say the ruling clarifies expectations for developers while reinforcing the need for user warnings about AI limitations.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot! 

China gives DeepSeek conditional OK for Nvidia H200 chips

China has conditionally approved its leading AI startup DeepSeek to buy Nvidia’s H200 AI chips, with regulatory requirements still being finalised. The decision would add DeepSeek to a growing list of Chinese firms seeking access to the H200, one of Nvidia’s most powerful data-centre chips.

The reported approval follows earlier developments in which ByteDance, Alibaba and Tencent were allowed to purchase more than 400,000 H200 chips in total, suggesting Beijing is moving from broad caution to selective, case-by-case permissions. Separate coverage has described the approvals as a shift after weeks of uncertainty over whether China would allow imports, even as US export licensing was moving forward.

Nvidia’s CEO Jensen Huang, speaking in Taipei, said the company had not received confirmation of DeepSeek’s clearance and indicated the licensing process is still being finalised, underscoring the uncertainty for suppliers and buyers. China’s industry and commerce ministries have been involved in approvals, with conditions reportedly shaped by the state planner, the National Development and Reform Commission.

The H200 has become a high-stakes flashpoint in US-China tech ties because access to top-tier chips directly affects AI capability and competitiveness. US political scrutiny is also rising: a senior US lawmaker has alleged Nvidia provided technical support that helped DeepSeek develop advanced models later used by China’s military, according to a letter published by the House Select Committee on China; Nvidia has pushed back against such claims in subsequent reporting.

DeepSeek is also preparing a next-generation model, V4, expected in mid-February, according to reporting that cited people familiar with the matter, which makes access to high-end compute especially consequential for timelines and performance.

Why does it matter?

If China’s conditional approvals translate into real shipments, they could ease a key bottleneck for Chinese AI development while extending Nvidia’s footprint in a market constrained by geopolitics. At the same time, the episode highlights how AI hardware is now regulated not only by Washington’s export controls but also by Beijing’s import approvals, with companies caught between shifting policy priorities.

China moves toward data centres in orbit

China is planning to develop large-scale space-based data centres over the next five years as part of a broader push to support AI development. The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) has announced plans to build gigawatt-class digital infrastructure in orbit, according to Chinese state broadcaster CCTV.

Under CASC’s five-year development plan, the space data centres are expected to combine cloud, edge and terminal technologies, allowing computing power, data storage and communication capacity to operate as an integrated system. The aim is to create high-performance infrastructure capable of supporting advanced AI workloads beyond Earth.

The initiative follows a recent CASC policy proposal calling for solar-powered, gigawatt-scale space-based hubs to supply energy for AI processing. The proposal aligns with China’s upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan, which is set to place AI at the centre of national development priorities.

China has already taken early steps in this direction. In May 2025, Zhejiang Lab launched 12 low Earth orbit satellites to form the first phase of its ‘Three-Body Computing Constellation.’ The research institute plans to eventually deploy around 2,800 satellites, targeting a total computing power of 1,000 peta operations per second.

Interest in space-based data centres is growing globally. European aerospace firm Thales Alenia Space has been studying its feasibility since 2023, while companies such as SpaceX, Blue Origin, and several startups in the US and the UAE are exploring similar concepts at varying stages of development and ambition.

Supporters argue that space data centres could reduce environmental impacts on Earth, benefit from constant solar energy and simplify cooling. However, experts warn that operating in space brings its own challenges, including exposure to radiation, solar flares and space debris, as well as higher costs and greater difficulty when repairs are needed.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech, and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot!

China’s AI battle heats up with Moonshot AI’s Kimi 2.5 upgrade

Moonshot AI has released an upgraded version of its Kimi model, intensifying competition among China’s leading AI developers. The launch comes ahead of an anticipated major release from rival DeepSeek.

The new model, K2.5, can process text, images, and video within a single prompt. Moonshot said the system improves performance across benchmarks and strengthens coding capabilities.

Several AI firms in China have rolled out upgrades in recent weeks. Companies including Alibaba, Zhipu, and MiniMax have introduced new models focused on reasoning, images, and robotics.

Investment has surged alongside the technology push. Moonshot recently raised $500 million, while rivals secured more than $1 billion through listings and funding rounds.

Analysts say the rapid pace highlights mounting pressure across the Chinese AI sector. Smaller developers are struggling to keep up with rising costs and the pace of innovation.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech, and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot!

Meteorological authorities in China embrace AI for next-gen climate risk prediction

At a national meteorological work conference, the China Meteorological Administration said it will pilot an ‘imminent warning’ system and apply AI technologies to enhance detailed forecasts for extreme weather, including typhoons and heavy rain.

The initiative is part of a broader effort in 2026 to build new meteorological service systems, such as for agriculture, and improve disaster preparedness and climate risk management across the country.

Officials highlighted progress over the past year, including improved flood-season forecasting and reduced typhoon track-prediction errors. Strengthened interagency coordination and the development of new prediction products aim to support earlier warnings and better resource allocation for extreme climate events.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot!

Zurich researchers link AI with spirituality studies

Researchers at the University of Zurich have received a Postdoc Team Award for SpiritRAG, an AI system designed to analyse religion and spirituality in United Nations documents. The interdisciplinary project brings together expertise from Zurich across computer science, linguistics, education and spiritual care.

SpiritRAG connects large language models with more than 7,500 UN texts, allowing users in Zurich and beyond to ask context sensitive questions grounded in original sources. The system addresses challenges where meaning varies across cultures, history and political settings.

The Zurich based team presented SpiritRAG at EMNLP 2025 in Suzhou, China, and later at the AI+X Summit in Zurich. Interest from organisations outside Zurich highlights demand for transparent AI tools supporting research and policy analysis.

Designed as open source infrastructure, SpiritRAG allows deployment with different datasets while using limited resources. Researchers in Zurich say the approach supports responsible AI use in complex domains where accuracy and context remain critical.

Would you like to learn more about AI, tech and digital diplomacy? If so, ask our Diplo chatbot!