Interdisciplinary approaches

ChatGPT dynamic visual explanations introduce interactive learning tools

OpenAI has introduced a new ChatGPT feature called dynamic visual explanations, allowing users to interact with mathematical and scientific concepts through real-time visuals.

Instead of relying solely on text explanations or static diagrams, the feature enables users to manipulate formulas and variables and immediately see how those changes affect results. For example, when exploring the Pythagorean theorem, users can adjust the triangle’s sides and see the hypotenuse update instantly.

To use the tool, users can ask ChatGPT questions such as ‘What is a lens equation?’ or ‘How can I find the area of a circle?’ The chatbot responds with both a written explanation and an interactive visual module that users can manipulate directly.

The feature currently supports more than 70 topics in mathematics and science. The topics include binomial squares, Charles’ law, compound interest, Coulomb’s law, exponential decay, Hooke’s law, kinetic energy, linear equations, and Ohm’s law.

OpenAI says it plans to expand the range of topics over time. The feature is already available to all logged-in ChatGPT users. The launch marks a shift in how ChatGPT supports learning. Instead of simply providing answers, the tool now encourages users to explore underlying concepts by experimenting with interactive models.

AI tools have become increasingly common in education, although their role remains widely debated. Some educators worry that students may become overly dependent on AI tools, while others see them as valuable learning aids.

According to OpenAI, more than 140 million people use ChatGPT every week to help with subjects such as mathematics and science, which many learners find challenging. Other technology companies are also experimenting with similar tools. Google’s Gemini introduced interactive diagrams and visual explanations last year.

The new feature joins several other ChatGPT learning tools, including study mode, which guides users through problems step by step, and QuizGPT, which allows users to create flashcards and test themselves before exams.

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UK approves £7.5bn AI data centre campus at Elsham Tech Park

Plans for one of the UK’s largest AI data centre campuses have been approved in North Lincolnshire, denoting a significant investment in digital infrastructure.

The project, known as Elsham Tech Park, will be developed near Elsham Wolds Industrial Estate on the site of the former RAF Elsham Wolds airfield. The development is expected to deliver more than 1.5 million square metres of hyperscale data centre floorspace across 15 data halls, with an estimated construction cost of around £7.5 billion.

If fully developed, the campus could provide up to 1GW (1,000MW) of computing capacity, placing it among the largest proposed AI data centre facilities in the UK. The project is being led by Elsham Tech Park Ltd, a company created for the development and overseen by infrastructure developer Greystoke.

The proposed campus would cover approximately 176 hectares (435 acres) and include an on-site energy centre capable of generating up to 49.9MW of electricity. Plans also include battery storage facilities, substations, district heating infrastructure, and additional commercial space.

The masterplan incorporates a greenhouse complex that reuses excess heat from the data centre servers to support agricultural production. Developers say this approach could improve energy efficiency by enabling greenhouse cultivation using waste heat generated by computing infrastructure.

Construction is expected to begin in 2027, with the first phase of the campus scheduled to open in 2029. The development timeline covers roughly ten years.

During construction, the project could support between 2,600 and 3,600 full-time equivalent jobs annually across on-site and supply chain roles. Once operational, the facility is expected to create around 900 long-term skilled jobs.

North Lincolnshire Council said the project could attract up to £10 billion in investment and strengthen the region’s role in the country’s growing AI and cloud computing infrastructure sector.

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Anthropic lawsuit gains Big Tech support in AI dispute

Several major US technology companies have backed Anthropic in its lawsuit challenging the US Department of Defence’s decision to label the AI company a national security ‘supply chain risk’.

Google, Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft have filed legal briefs supporting Anthropic’s attempt to overturn the designation issued by Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth. Anthropic argues the decision was retaliation after the company declined to allow its AI systems to be used for mass surveillance or autonomous weapons.

In court filings, the companies warned that the government’s action could have wider consequences for the technology sector. Microsoft said the decision could have ‘broad negative ramifications for the entire technology sector’.

Microsoft, which works closely with the US government and the Department of Defence, said it agreed with Anthropic’s position that AI systems should not be used to conduct domestic mass surveillance or enable autonomous machines to initiate warfare.

A joint amicus brief supporting Anthropic was also submitted by the Chamber of Progress, a technology policy organisation funded by companies including Google, Apple, Amazon and Nvidia. The group said it was concerned about the government penalising a company for its public statements.

The brief described the designation as ‘a potentially ruinous sanction’ for businesses and warned it could create a climate in which companies fear government retaliation for expressing views.

Anthropic’s lawsuit claims the government violated its free speech rights by retaliating against the company for comments made by its leadership. The dispute escalated after Anthropic declined to remove contractual restrictions preventing its AI models from being used for mass surveillance or autonomous weapons.

The company had previously introduced safeguards in government contracts to limit certain uses of its technology. Negotiations over revised contract language continued for several weeks before the disagreement became public.

Former military officials and technology policy advocates have also filed supporting briefs, warning that the decision could discourage companies from participating in national security projects if they fear retaliation for voicing concerns. The case is currently being heard in federal court in San Francisco.

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AI-driven adaptive malware highlights new cyber threat landscape

Google’s cybersecurity division, Mandiant, has warned about the growing threat of AI-driven adaptive malware, highlighting how AI is reshaping the cyber threat landscape.

According to a recent report, adaptive malware can modify its behaviour and code in response to the environment it encounters, thereby evading traditional security tools. By analysing the security systems protecting a target, the malware can rewrite parts of its code to bypass detection.

Unlike traditional malware, which typically follows fixed instructions, adaptive malware can adjust its behaviour during an attack. This capability makes it more difficult for conventional cybersecurity tools to detect and block malicious activity.

Mandiant noted that such malware is increasingly associated with advanced persistent threat (APT) groups that conduct long-term, targeted cyber operations. These groups often pursue espionage objectives or financial gain while maintaining prolonged access to compromised systems.

AI is also being used to automate elements of cyberattacks. Machine learning algorithms allow malicious software to anticipate defensive measures and adjust its behaviour in real time. In some cases, attackers are integrating AI into broader automated attack chains. AI-driven malware can gather information, adapt its strategy, and continue operating with minimal human intervention.

Security researchers say autonomous AI agents may be capable of managing multiple stages of an attack, including reconnaissance, exploitation, and persistence, while remaining undetected.

To address these evolving threats, Mandiant recommends that organisations strengthen their cybersecurity strategies by deploying advanced detection and response tools, including AI-based systems that can identify anomalous behaviour. As AI capabilities continue to develop, cybersecurity experts say understanding adaptive malware and automated attack techniques will be essential for organisations seeking to protect their systems and data.

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Netflix AI filmmaking push grows with InterPositive acquisition

A deal valued at up to $600 million will see Netflix acquire InterPositive, the AI filmmaking company founded by actor and director Ben Affleck, according to people familiar with the matter.

The transaction, paid in cash, is expected to become one of the largest acquisitions made by the streaming company. The final upfront amount is reportedly lower, with additional payments tied to performance targets. Netflix has not publicly disclosed the financial terms of the deal.

The acquisition is intended to accelerate the use of AI in film production. InterPositive has developed software tools that enable filmmakers to modify existing footage, including removing unwanted elements or adjusting scene backgrounds. Director David Fincher has already used the technology in work on an upcoming film starring Brad Pitt.

The deal reflects a broader trend among entertainment companies exploring AI technologies to streamline production and improve efficiency. Companies including Netflix and Amazon are experimenting with AI tools in film and television production, while Disney has established a partnership with OpenAI.

The growing use of AI in Hollywood has raised concerns among industry workers. Some fear the technology could reduce jobs or allow studios to use creative work to train AI systems without compensation.

Affleck has said the InterPositive technology is designed to support filmmakers rather than replace them. The system requires directors first to shoot original footage before the software can train on the material. The tools can then assist with editing tasks, but do not generate films independently.

Netflix has traditionally avoided large-scale acquisitions, focusing instead on developing its technology internally. Even so, the purchase of InterPositive signals a step toward strengthening the company’s AI capabilities in film production.

‘The filmmaking process, really, since its inception, has been one long technological progression,’ Affleck said in a video released by Netflix. ‘We’ve always been seeking to make it feel more realistic, more honest, and InterPositive, I hope, is another iteration or step in keeping with that long and storied history.’

Affleck founded InterPositive with backing from investment firm RedBird Capital Partners and began seeking investment in 2025 before the company attracted interest from Netflix.

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Spain expands digital oversight of online hate

Spain has launched a digital system designed to track hate speech and disinformation across social media platforms. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez presented the tool in Madrid as part of a wider effort to improve oversight of online platforms.

The platform known as HODIO will analyse public posts and measure the spread and reach of hateful content. Authorities in Spain say the project will publish regular reports examining how platforms respond to harmful material.

The monitoring initiative is managed by Spain’s Observatory on Racism and Xenophobia. Officials in Spain say the data will help citizens understand the scale of online hate and assess how social networks address abusive content.

The initiative forms part of a broader digital policy agenda in Spain that also includes measures to protect minors online. Policymakers in Spain have discussed proposals such as restrictions on social media use by children under 16.

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AI and quantum computing reshape the global cybersecurity landscape

Cybersecurity risks are increasing as digital connectivity expands across governments, businesses and households.

According to Thales Group, a growing number of connected devices and digital services has significantly expanded the potential entry points for cyberattacks.

AI is reshaping the cybersecurity landscape by enabling attackers to identify vulnerabilities at unprecedented speed.

Security specialists increasingly describe the environment as a contest in which defensive systems must deploy AI to counter adversaries using similar technologies to exploit weaknesses in digital infrastructure.

Security concerns also extend beyond large institutions. Connected devices in homes, including smart cameras and speakers, often lack robust security protections, increasing exposure for individuals and networks.

Policymakers in Europe are responding through measures such as the Cyber Resilience Act, which will introduce mandatory security requirements for connected products sold in the EU.

Long-term risks are also emerging from advances in quantum computing.

Experts warn that powerful future machines could eventually break widely used encryption systems that currently protect communications, financial data and government networks, prompting organisations to adopt quantum-resistant security methods.

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MIT scientists develop AI system to improve robot planning

Researchers at MIT have developed a hybrid AI framework designed to improve how robots plan and perform complex visual tasks. The approach combines generative AI with classical planning software, allowing machines to analyse images, simulate actions, and generate reliable plans to reach a goal.

The system relies on two specialised vision-language models. One model analyses an image, describes the environment, and simulates possible actions, while a second model converts those simulations into a formal programming language used for planning.

Generated files are then processed by established planning software to produce a step-by-step strategy.

Testing showed a significant improvement compared with existing techniques. The framework achieved an average success rate of about 70 percent, while many baseline methods reached roughly 30 percent.

Performance remained strong in unfamiliar scenarios, demonstrating the system’s ability to adapt to changing conditions.

The method could support applications such as robot navigation, autonomous driving, and multi-robot assembly systems. Continued development aims to handle more complex environments and reduce errors caused by AI model hallucinations.

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UNESCO and African network advance AI in justice

AI is increasingly shaping Africa’s courts, from translation tools to legal search engines. As AI becomes more integrated, judicial actors face new questions around transparency, accountability, and human rights.

Thirty-one members of the African Network of Judicial Trainers (ANJT) gathered in Maputo for a regional workshop on AI, Justice, and Human Rights.

Participants included judicial directors, Supreme Court justices and senior magistrates who shared strategies for responsibly integrating AI into courts. UNESCO highlighted the importance of keeping justice human-centred amid technological change.

Discussions examined the benefits of AI-assisted translation and data analysis, alongside risks such as bias, discrimination, and opacity.

UNESCO introduced practical resources, including the Guidelines for the Use of AI in Courts and Tribunals and AI Essentials for Judges, to help judicial professionals implement ethical practices.

Workshop participants committed to adapting these materials into national training curricula, aiming to multiply knowledge across African judicial systems. ANJT and UNESCO emphasised that AI adoption should enhance efficiency without compromising fairness or the rule of law.

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