Freedom of expression

Bluesky updates rules and invites user feedback ahead of October rollout

Two years after launch, Bluesky is revising its Community Guidelines and other policies, inviting users to comment on the proposed changes before they take effect on 15 October 2025.

The updates are designed to improve clarity, outline safety procedures in more detail, and meet the requirements of new global regulations such as the UK’s Online Safety Act, the EU’s Digital Services Act, and the US’s TAKE IT DOWN Act.

Some changes aim to shape the platform’s tone by encouraging respectful and authentic interactions, while allowing space for journalism, satire, and parody.

The revised guidelines are organised under four principles: Safety First, Respect Others, Be Authentic, and Follow the Rules. They prohibit promoting violence, illegal activity, self-harm, and sexualised depictions of minors, as well as harmful practices like doxxing and non-consensual data-sharing.

Bluesky says it will provide a more detailed appeals process, including an ‘informal dispute resolution’ step, and in some cases will allow court action instead of arbitration.

The platform has also addressed nuanced issues such as deepfakes, hate speech, and harassment, while acknowledging past challenges in moderation and community relations.

Alongside the guidelines, Bluesky has updated its Privacy Policy and Copyright Policy to comply with international laws on data rights, transfer, deletion, takedown procedures and transparency reporting.

These changes will take effect on 15 September 2025 without a public feedback period.

The company’s approach contrasts with larger social networks by introducing direct user communication for disputes, though it still faces the challenge of balancing open dialogue with consistent enforcement.

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Russia restricts Telegram and WhatsApp calls

Russian authorities have begun partially restricting calls on Telegram and WhatsApp, citing the need for crime prevention. Regulator Roskomnadzor accused the platforms of enabling fraud, extortion, and terrorism while ignoring repeated requests to act. Neither platform commented immediately.

Russia has long tightened internet control through restrictive laws, bans, and traffic monitoring. VPNs remain a workaround, but are often blocked. During this summer, further limits included mobile internet shutdowns and penalties for specific online searches.

Authorities have introduced a new national messaging app, MAX, which is expected to be heavily monitored. Reports suggest disruptions to WhatsApp and Telegram calls began earlier this week. Complaints cited dropped calls or muted conversations.

With 96 million monthly users, WhatsApp is Russia’s most popular platform, followed by Telegram with 89 million. Past clashes include Russia’s failed Attempt to ban Telegram (2018–20) and Meta’s designation as an extremist entity in 2022.

WhatsApp accused Russia of trying to block encrypted communication and vowed to keep it available. Lawmaker Anton Gorelkin suggested that MAX should replace WhatsApp. The app’s terms permit data sharing with authorities and require pre-installation on all smartphones sold in Russia.

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Brazil prepares bill to tighten rules on social media

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has confirmed that his government is preparing new legislation to regulate social media, a move he defended despite criticism from US President Donald Trump. Speaking at an event in Pernambuco, Lula stressed that ‘laws also apply to foreigners’ operating in Brazil, underlining his commitment to hold international platforms accountable.

The draft proposal, which has not yet been fully detailed, aims to address harmful content such as paedophilia, hate speech, and disinformation that Lula said threaten children and democracy. According to government sources, the bill would strengthen penalties for companies that fail to remove content flagged as especially harmful by Brazil’s Justice Department.

Trump has taken issue with Brazil’s approach, criticising the Supreme Court for ruling that platforms could be held responsible for user-generated content and denouncing the 2024 ban of X, formerly Twitter, after Elon Musk refused to comply with court orders. He linked these disputes to imposing a 50% tariff on certain Brazilian imports, citing the political persecution of former president Jair Bolsonaro.

Lula pushed back on Trump’s remarks, insisting Bolsonaro’s trial for an alleged coup attempt is proceeding with full legal guarantees. On trade, he signalled that Brazil is open to talks over tariffs but emphasised negotiations would take place strictly on commercial, not political, grounds.

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UK minister defends use of live facial recognition vans

Dame Diana Johnson, the UK policing minister, has reassured the public that expanded use of live facial recognition vans is being deployed in a measured and proportionate manner.

She emphasised that the tools aim only to assist police in locating high-harm offenders, not to create a surveillance society.

Addressing concerns raised by Labour peer Baroness Chakrabarti, who argued the technology was being introduced outside existing legal frameworks, Johnson firmly rejected such claims.

She stated that UK public acceptance would depend on a responsible and targeted application.

By framing the technology as a focused tool for effective law enforcement rather than pervasive monitoring, Johnson seeks to balance public safety with civil liberties and privacy.

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Elon Musk calls Grok’s brief suspension a dumb error

Elon Musk’s AI chatbot Grok was briefly suspended from X, then returned without its verification badge and with a controversial video pinned to its replies. Confusing and contradictory explanations appeared in multiple languages, leaving users puzzled.

English posts blamed hateful conduct and Israel-Gaza comments, while French and Portuguese messages mentioned crime stats or technical bugs. Musk called the situation a ‘dumb error’ and admitted Grok was unsure why it had been suspended.

Grok’s suspension follows earlier controversies, including antisemitic remarks and introducing itself as ‘MechaHitler.’ xAI blamed outdated code and internet memes, revealing that Grok often referenced Musk’s public statements on sensitive topics.

The company has updated the chatbot’s prompts and promised ongoing monitoring, amid internal tensions and staff resignations.

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Musk threatens legal action against Apple over AI App rankings

Elon Musk has announced plans to sue Apple, accusing the company of unfairly favouring OpenAI’s ChatGPT over his xAI app Grok on the App Store.

Musk claims that Apple’s ranking practices make it impossible for any AI app except OpenAI’s to reach the top spot, calling this behaviour an ‘unequivocal antitrust violation’. ChatGPT holds the number one position on Apple’s App Store, while Grok ranks fifth.

Musk expressed frustration on social media, questioning why his X app, which he describes as ‘the number one news app in the world,’ has not received higher placement. He suggested that Apple’s ranking decisions might be politically motivated.

The dispute highlights growing tensions as AI companies compete for prominence on major platforms.

Apple and Musk’s xAI have not responded yet to requests for comment.

The controversy unfolds amid increasing scrutiny of App Store policies and their impact on competition, especially within the fast-evolving AI sector.

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Musk and OpenAI CEO Altman clash over Apple and X

After Elon Musk accused Apple of favouring OpenAI’s ChatGPT over other AI applications on the App Store, there was a strong response from OpenAI CEO Sam Altman.

Altman alleged that Musk manipulates the social media platform X for his benefit, targeting competitors and critics. The exchange adds to their history of public disagreements since Musk left OpenAI’s board in 2018.

Musk’s claim centres on Apple’s refusal to list X or Grok (XAI’s AI app) in the App Store’s ‘Must have’ section, despite X being the top news app worldwide and Grok ranking fifth.

Although Musk has not provided evidence for antitrust violations, a recent US court ruling found Apple in contempt for restricting App Store competition. The EU also fined Apple €500 million earlier this year over commercial restrictions on app developers.

OpenAI’s ChatGPT currently leads the App Store’s ‘Top Free Apps’ list for iPhones in the US, while Grok holds the fifth spot. Musk’s accusations highlight ongoing tensions in the AI industry as big tech companies battle for app visibility and market dominance.

The situation emphasises how regulatory scrutiny and legal challenges shape competition within the digital economy.

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Article 19 report finds Belarus’s ‘anti-extremism’ laws threaten digital rights

Digital rights activist group Article 19 has found in its recent report that Belarus’s ‘anti-extremist’ and ‘anti-terrorist’ laws are repressing digital rights.

The report reveals that authorities have misused these laws to prosecute individuals for leaving online comments, making donations, or sharing songs or memes that appear to carry critical messages towards the government.

Since the 2020–2021 protests, Belarusian de facto authorities have reportedly initiated at least 22,500 criminal cases related to ‘anti-extremism’. In collaboration with our partner Human Constanta, we present a joint analysis highlighting this alarming trend, which further intensifies the widespread repression of civil society, they said.

Article 19 states in its report that such actions restrict digital rights and violate international human rights law, including the right to freedom of expression and the right to seek, receive, and impart information.

Additionally, Article 19 notes that Belarus’s ‘anti-extremism’ laws lack the clarity required under international human rights standards, employing vague terms broadly interpreted to suppress digital expression and create a chilling effect.

However, this means people are discouraged or prevented from legitimate expression or behaviour due to fear of legal punishment or other negative consequences.

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AI-generated video misleads as tsunami footage in Japan

An 8.8-magnitude earthquake off Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula at the end of July triggered tsunami warnings across the Pacific, including Japan. Despite widespread alerts and precautionary evacuations, the most significant wave recorded in Japan was only 1.3 metres high.

A video showing large waves approaching a Japanese coastline, which went viral with over 39 million views on platforms like Facebook and TikTok, was found to be AI-generated and not genuine footage.

The clip, appearing as if filmed from a plane, was initially posted online months earlier by a YouTube channel specialising in synthetic visuals.

Analysis of the video revealed inconsistencies, including unnatural water movements and a stationary plane, confirming it was fabricated. Additionally, numerous Facebook pages shared the video and linked it to commercial sites, spreading misinformation.

Official reports from Japanese broadcasters confirmed that the actual tsunami waves were much smaller, and no catastrophic damage occurred.

The incident highlights ongoing challenges in combating AI-generated disinformation related to natural disasters, as similar misleading content continues to circulate online during crisis events.

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EU member states clash over the future of encrypted private messaging

The ongoing controversy around the EU’s proposed mandatory scanning of private messages has escalated with the European Parliament intensifying pressure on the Council to reach a formal agreement.

A leaked memo reveals that the Parliament threatens to block the extension of the current voluntary scanning rules unless mandatory chat control is agreed upon.

Denmark, leading the EU Council Presidency, has pushed a more stringent version of the so-called Chat Control law that could become binding as soon as 14 October 2025.

While the Parliament argues the law is essential for protecting children online, many legal experts and rights groups warn the proposal still violates fundamental human rights, particularly the right to privacy and secure communication.

The Council’s Legal Service has repeatedly noted that the draft infringes on these rights since it mandates scanning all private communications, undermining end-to-end encryption that most messaging apps rely on.

Some governments, including Germany and Belgium, remain hesitant or opposed, citing these serious concerns.

Supporters like Italy, Spain, and Hungary have openly backed Denmark’s proposal, signalling a shift in political will towards stricter measures. France’s position has also become more favourable, though internal debate continues.

Opponents warn that weakening encryption could open the door to cyber attacks and foreign interference, while proponents emphasise the urgent need to prevent abuse and close loopholes in existing law.

The next Council meeting in September will be critical in shaping the final form of the regulation.

The dispute highlights the persistent tension between digital privacy and security, reflecting broader European challenges in regulating encrypted communications.

As the October deadline approaches, the EU faces a defining moment in balancing child protection with protecting the confidentiality of citizens’ communications.

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