Taiwan‘s President Lai Ching-te has pledged to address concerns raised by former US President Donald Trump regarding Taiwan’s semiconductor industry. Speaking after a National Security Council meeting, Lai acknowledged the importance of global semiconductor supply chains and vowed to work with Taiwan’s semiconductor sector to develop strategies to address US concerns. He emphasised the need for democratic nations, including the US, to collaborate on creating a “democratic supply chain” for advanced chips, particularly in the growing AI sector.
Lai also reassured the US of Taiwan’s commitment to contributing to the international economy, noting that Taiwan, home to the world’s largest contract chipmaker, TSMC, plays a vital role in the semiconductor market. TSMC is heavily invested in the US, including a $65 billion investment in new factories in Arizona. Despite these efforts, Taiwan’s defence spending remains a topic of criticism, particularly from Trump, who has repeatedly highlighted Taiwan’s insufficient military expenditure amid increasing threats from China.
In response to US concerns, Lai revealed plans to propose a special budget to raise Taiwan’s defence spending from 2.5% of GDP to 3%. This proposal is currently being debated in parliament, where opposition parties hold a majority. Lai stressed that Taiwan’s determination to defend itself must be clear, as international allies continue to voice concerns over its defence readiness.
Finally, Lai reiterated Taiwan’s key role as a reliable trading partner to the US, especially in high-tech exports such as semiconductors. Taiwan’s trade surplus with the US surged by 83% last year, with exports reaching a record $111.4 billion.
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The rise of DeepSeek’s AI models is offering Chinese chipmakers like Huawei a better chance to compete in the domestic market against the powerful processors from US companies like Nvidia. For years, Huawei and other Chinese manufacturers have struggled to match Nvidia’s high-end chips, which are essential for training AI models. However, DeepSeek’s focus on ‘inference’ rather than raw processing power has led analysts to believe that it could help close the gap between Chinese-made processors and their US counterparts. Inference refers to the phase where AI models use trained data to make predictions, a process less reliant on heavy computational resources.
Several Chinese AI chipmakers, including Huawei, EnFlame, and Moore Threads, have recently stated that their products will support DeepSeek models, although few details have been disclosed. Industry executives predict that DeepSeek’s open-source nature and its low fees will drive the adoption of AI, helping Chinese companies bypass US export restrictions on advanced chips. In fact, Chinese chips like Huawei’s Ascend 910B have already been recognised as better suited for inference tasks, which require less computational power than training.
Despite these developments, Nvidia still dominates the global AI chip market. Analysts point out that while Chinese chips are cost-effective for inference tasks, Nvidia’s superior chips remain the preferred choice even for inference. Nvidia’s CUDA platform, which provides developers with a robust software environment, remains a key advantage, and Chinese companies like Huawei have struggled to convince developers to abandon CUDA in favour of their platforms, such as Huawei’s Compute Architecture for Neural Networks (CANN). The software performance of Chinese AI chips continues to lag behind, making it challenging for them to directly challenge Nvidia’s dominance.
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China’s spending on chipmaking equipment is expected to fall by 6% in 2025, marking its first decline since 2021, according to Canadian research firm TechInsights. The drop follows years of aggressive stockpiling as Chinese firms sought to bypass tightening US export controls. Last year, China accounted for 40% of global semiconductor equipment purchases, but its share is projected to shrink significantly.
Analysts attribute the decline to a combination of overcapacity and the impact of US sanctions, which aim to limit China’s ability to develop advanced chips with potential military applications. Despite these restrictions, companies like SMIC and Huawei have continued to push forward, achieving technological breakthroughs by relying on more expensive and labour-intensive manufacturing processes.
China has made strides in producing mature-node chips and expanding its domestic semiconductor industry, with firms like Naura Technology Group gaining global market share. However, the country remains dependent on foreign suppliers for critical tools such as lithography machines, highlighting ongoing challenges in its push for self-sufficiency.
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China’s chipmaking equipment purchases are expected to decline in 2025, following three years of growth, due to overcapacity and increasing restrictions from US sanctions. After purchasing $41 billion in equipment in 2024, which accounted for 40% of global sales, China’s spending is predicted to fall by 6% to $38 billion this year, marking the first decline since 2021. The drop in demand is attributed to reduced purchases in response to export controls and an excess of manufacturing capacity.
Despite these challenges, China has been a key driver for the global wafer fabrication equipment market over the past few years, even as other sectors saw downturns. Much of China’s equipment buying has been linked to stockpiling efforts in response to US sanctions aimed at limiting China’s ability to produce advanced chips, particularly for military use. Chinese firms, like SMIC and Huawei, have continued to advance in chip production, although at a higher cost and with more effort, while also focusing on expanding in the mature-node chip market.
In addition to growing its domestic production capabilities, China’s leading equipment manufacturers, such as Naura Technology Group and AMEC, are expanding internationally. However, the country still faces significant challenges in self-sufficiency, particularly in areas like lithography systems, testing, and assembly tools. While China’s domestic companies have made strides in equipment sales, they still rely heavily on foreign suppliers for advanced technology in these areas.
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Lam Research, a leading US-based chip toolmaker, has announced plans to invest over 100 billion rupees ($1.2 billion) in Karnataka, India. The company has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board to facilitate the investment, which was revealed during the ‘Invest Karnataka’ event.
The initiative aligns with India’s efforts to strengthen its semiconductor ecosystem. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government has introduced a $10 billion incentive programme to attract global chip firms. With semiconductor market projected to reach $63 billion by 2026 in India, the country is emerging as a significant player in the global semiconductor race.
Karnataka, home to Bengaluru, serves as a critical driver of India’s economy. Known for its contributions to IT services, software, and manufacturing exports, the state is increasingly positioning itself as a hub for high-tech investments.
India’s IT minister hailed Lam Research’s investment as a major step in the nation’s semiconductor ambitions. The announcement reflects growing confidence in the government’s vision for a robust and competitive semiconductor industry.
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AI chip startup Positron has raised $23.5 million in a bid to compete with industry leader Nvidia. The Reno-based company, which manufactures its chips in Arizona, claims its processors consume less than a third of the power of Nvidia’s high-performance H100 chips while maintaining similar capabilities. Investors in the funding round included Valor Equity Partners, Atreides Management, and Flume Ventures.
Positron’s chips are designed for AI inference, the stage where trained AI models are used rather than developed. While demand is currently higher for training chips, analysts predict that inference chips could soon become the more sought-after option as AI applications expand. This shift has led major players such as OpenAI, Google, and Meta to invest heavily in AI infrastructure, with spending expected to reach tens of billions of dollars this year.
Although Nvidia dominates roughly 80% of the AI chip market, rising costs and concerns over reliance on a single supplier have pushed major tech firms to seek alternatives. With its latest funding, Positron positions itself as a strong contender in the growing US and global AI chip industry, offering a more energy-efficient option for future AI applications.
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Groq, a US semiconductor startup, has secured a $1.5 billion commitment from Saudi Arabia to expand its AI chip delivery. The Silicon Valley firm, founded by a former Alphabet engineer, specialises in AI inference chips designed for speed and efficiency in pre-trained model execution. A partnership with Aramco Digital has already established an AI hub in the region.
Funding will be received throughout the year to support the expansion of Groq’s data centre in Dammam. The company’s chips, used for chatbots and large language models, comply with US export regulations, with necessary licences already secured for shipments to Saudi Arabia.
The investment was announced at Saudi Arabia’s LEAP 2025 technology event, where the country confirmed $14.9 billion in new AI investments. Groq’s chips will help power the Dammam data centre, which will support Allam, a Saudi-developed AI language model operating in Arabic and English.
Groq reached a $2.8 billion valuation last August after raising $640 million in funding from Cisco Investments, Samsung Catalyst Fund, and BlackRock Private Equity Partners.
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Powerchip Technology, a Taiwanese IT company, is facing intense competition from Chinese foundries like Nexchip, which has rapidly gained market share in the legacy chip sector. This shift, driven by steep discounts and aggressive capacity expansion, has been accelerated by China’s localisation efforts, forcing Powerchip to retreat from the once-profitable business of making integrated circuits for Chinese flat panels. The increasing dominance of Chinese companies in the $56.3 billion legacy chip market is causing concern in Taiwan, with companies like Powerchip and UMC now focusing on more advanced technologies to stay competitive.
Chinese foundries, supported by strong government funding and low margins, have significantly increased their production capacity, undercutting Taiwanese rivals on price. By 2027, China is projected to surpass Taiwan’s global mature node manufacturing capacity. Taiwanese executives are exploring specialisation and diversification, shifting focus from legacy chips to more advanced processes like 3D stacking, which integrates logic and DRAM memory to improve performance.
The rising competition from China is compounded by geopolitical tensions, as some customers are now requesting chips made outside China. This shift is partly due to the US’s trade policies and worsening relations between Beijing and other nations. Taiwanese companies are seeing more orders directed to their local fabs, with some customers explicitly avoiding ‘Made in China’ products.
While Taiwanese companies still have an edge in terms of process stability and production yields, the pressure from Chinese competitors is forcing them to rethink their strategies and adapt to the changing landscape. The future of the industry may depend on how Taiwan navigates both the rising Chinese competition and the geopolitical challenges shaping global supply chains.
OpenAI announced on Thursday that it is evaluating US states as potential locations for data centres supporting its ambitious Stargate project, which aims to secure the US’s lead in the global AI race. The project is seen as crucial for ensuring that AI development remains democratic and open, rather than falling under authoritarian control, according to Chris Lehane, OpenAI’s chief global affairs officer.
Stargate, a venture backed by SoftBank, OpenAI, Oracle, and other investors, is set to receive up to $500 billion for AI infrastructure. A significant portion of this investment, $100 billion, will be deployed immediately, with the rest scheduled over the next few years. Texas has been designated as the flagship location for Stargate’s data centres. An initial site under construction in Abilene is expected to begin operations later this year.
The announcement follows the rise of DeepSeek, a Chinese AI model that challenges the traditional view that AI development requires large, specialised data centres. DeepSeek’s use of cheaper chips has raised concerns among investors, leading to a significant drop in tech stock values, including a record $593 billion loss for Nvidia, the leading AI chipmaker.
OpenAI is considering data centre locations in approximately 16 states, with plans to expand the Stargate network to five to ten campuses in the coming months.
Thailand plans to draft a strategic plan for its semiconductor sector within 90 days, aiming to attract new investments amid the growing trade tensions between the US and China. The country’s national semiconductor board will engage a consultancy to create an industry roadmap, with Narit Therdsteerasukdi, secretary-general of the Thailand Board of Investment (BOI), leading efforts to promote the sector. As part of these efforts, Narit is also organising roadshows in the US and Japan to draw in semiconductor investments.
The semiconductor industry has faced significant disruption due to the US-China trade war, and further instability is expected as US President Donald Trump’s renewed tariffs on Chinese imports continue. Despite this, Thailand’s semiconductor sector has seen growth, with inbound investment applications reaching a decade-high of 1.14 trillion baht ($33.5 billion) in 2023. The country aims for 500 billion baht in new investments by 2029, focusing on power electronics, including semiconductors for electric vehicles, data centres, and energy storage systems.
Thailand is positioned as a key player in the global semiconductor market, ranking second among emerging economies for semiconductor manufacturing. Companies like Analog Devices, Sony, Toshiba, and Infineon have facilities in Thailand, and investment in printed circuit boards, essential for electronic devices, has also surged. Thailand’s neutral position in the ongoing trade conflict makes it an attractive destination for investors seeking stability.
However, Thailand faces stiff competition from other Southeast Asian countries, particularly Malaysia, which is aiming for over $100 billion in semiconductor investments. Despite this, Thailand’s growth potential remains strong, driven by its growing reputation as a manufacturing hub for electronics.
