Network security

Undersea cable damaged between Latvia and Sweden

A fibre optic cable running under the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Sweden sustained significant damage, likely due to external factors, according to Latvian authorities. The incident prompted NATO to deploy patrol ships and launch a coordinated investigation with Sweden, where the Security Service seized control of a vessel as part of its probe. Latvian Prime Minister Evika Silina confirmed that her government is collaborating with NATO and neighboring Baltic Sea countries to determine the cause.

Senior prosecutor Mats Ljungqvist stated that investigators are conducting several actions but refrained from disclosing details due to the ongoing preliminary inquiry.

NATO’s recently launched ‘Baltic Sentry’ mission, involving naval and aerial assets, aims to safeguard critical infrastructure in the region following a series of incidents affecting cables, pipelines, and telecom links since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The project also includes the deployment of new technologies, including a small fleet of naval drones. Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson also emphasized close cooperation with NATO and Latvia in response to the situation.

The damaged cable, located in Sweden’s exclusive economic zone, connects Latvia’s Ventspils to Sweden’s Gotland island. The Latvian State Radio and Television Centre (LVRTC), which operates the cable, reported switching communications to alternative routes and is contracting a repair vessel. Repairs are expected to proceed more quickly than those for gas pipelines or power cables, as fibre optic cables in the Baltic Sea are typically restored within weeks.

This incident follows last month’s damage to the Finnish-Estonian Estlink 2 power line and telecom cables, reportedly caused by a Russian tanker dragging its anchor. Finnish and Swedish leaders underscored the importance of bolstering the protection of critical undersea infrastructure in the Baltic Sea. NATO also stated it reserves the right to act against ships deemed security risks while continuing to monitor the situation closely.

Denmark warns of cyber threats to its water infrastructure

Denmark’s national Centre for Cybersecurity (Center for Cybersikkerhed, CCS) has identified a ‘very high’ risk of cyberattacks targeting the country’s water infrastructure following its first official assessment of threats to the sector.

According to CCS acting head Mark Fiedel, the water sector plays a vital role within Denmark’s critical infrastructure, highlighting the potential impacts of disruptions to drinking water supplies.

As an example of the risks faced by the sector, Fiedel noted an incident in December 2024 when hackers accessed a small water plant in Denmark, resulting in a temporary disruption of water services for approximately 50 households.

CCS classifies cyber threats into various categories, including cybercrime, which poses the significant risk to critical infrastructure. Ransomware attacks are among the identified threats, and in 2021, a water plant in Kalundborg reported a ransomware attack that briefly locked technicians out of IT systems.

Japan introduces active cyber defence bill to strengthen national security

Among the 59 bills to be introduced to the Japanese government’s review this year within next 150 days, the Active Cyber Defense Legislation stands out due to its importance for Japan’s national security.

This bill, presented to the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on January 16 and swiftly approved, is part of an effort to bolster Japan’s cybersecurity capabilities. We also earlier reported that Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party proposed an ‘active cyber defence’ system, allowing the government to collect telecom metadata to detect and prevent cyberattacks as part of broader national security reforms to strengthen the country’s cybersecurity capabilities.

The proposed legislation includes three main components: improving collaboration between the public and private sectors, allowing the government to access telecommunications data in cases of suspected cyberattacks, and enabling the neutralisation of attackers’ servers. Critical infrastructure sectors such as energy, transportation, and telecommunications would be required to report cyber incidents, with the government offering guidance on damage control and prevention.

The bill also grants the government the ability to monitor specific communications between Japan and foreign nations, but limits this to non-content data to address privacy concerns. In the event of a major cyberattack, the Self-Defense Forces (SDF) may be deployed to defend critical systems.

Although the bill has received widespread support, it faces legal challenges, particularly with regard to Japan’s constitutional protection of communication secrecy and its pacifist defense policies. Despite these concerns, public opinion remains favorable, with a recent poll showing 65% support for the legislation.

The government is moving forward with the proposal, aiming to enhance the protection of Japan’s critical infrastructure from increasing cyber risks. While the Japanese Communist Party opposes the bill, it has gained backing from major opposition parties, highlighting its broad political support.

New hacking group mimics Russia-linked group to target Russian entities, Chinese cybersecurity experts say

A hacking group, named as GamaCopy, has been imitating the tactics of the Russia-linked threat actor Gamaredon to target Russian-speaking victims, according to research by Chinese cybersecurity firm Knownsec.

GamaCopy’s latest campaign employed phishing documents disguised as reports on Russian armed forces’ locations in Ukraine, along with the open-source software UltraVNC for remote access.

However, while GamaCopy mirrors many techniques used by Gamaredon, researchers identified notable differences. For example, GamaCopy primarily uses Russian-language victims, whereas Gamaredon typically targets Ukrainian speakers. Additionally, GamaCopy’s use of UltraVNC represents a unique element in its attack chain.

Since June 2023, GamaCopy has targeted Russia’s defense and critical infrastructure sectors. However, the group is believed to have been active even earlier, i.e. since August 2021. Knownsec’s analysis suggests that GamaCopy’s operations are part of a deliberate false-flag campaign and links the group to another state-sponsored actor known as Core Werewolf, which has similarly targeted Russian defense systems since 2021.

This discovery follows recent reports of other hacker groups, conducting cyber-espionage campaigns against Russian entities, highlighting the increasing complexity and state-backed nature of these threats.

Trump administration ends Cyber Safety Review Board and pauses investigation into Salt Typhoon

The Trump administration has terminated all members of the Cyber Safety Review Board (CSRB), along with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency’s Cybersecurity Advisory Committee and other Department of Homeland Security (DHS) advisory panels. This move has halted the investigation into hacking group Salt Typhoon’s cyberattack on US telecommunications firms, raising significant concerns among cybersecurity advocates, according to CyberScoop.

While Acting DHS Secretary Benjamin Huffman suggested that outgoing members could reapply for their positions, the decision has faced criticism from lawmakers and experts. Representative Bennie Thompson (D-Miss.), of the House Homeland Security Committee, warned that this decision could delay the Salt Typhoon probe, which he emphasised must be ‘completed expeditiously.’

Cybersecurity expert Kevin Beaumont argued that dismantling the CSRB could shield Microsoft from accountability over security lapses tied to a separate Chinese hacking incident. Meanwhile, Jake Williams of IANS Research highlighted the broader implications of this decision, stating that removing such panels could undermine US national security.

However, House Homeland Security Chair Mark Green (R-Tenn.) defended the move, stating it offers the Trump administration an opportunity to appoint new members or reevaluate the mission of the CSRB for more effective oversight.

Iran and Russia sign comprehensive cooperation agreement to strengthen military, security, and cyber ties

An agreement signed between Iran and Russia last week outlines commitments to enhance military, security, cyber and technological cooperation between the two nations. The comprehensive strategic partnership agreement, signed in Moscow by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, seeks to deepen bilateral relations and includes specific provisions for cooperation in cybersecurity and internet regulation.

The agreement aims to counter the use of information and communication technologies for criminal activities and includes plans to exchange expertise on managing national internet infrastructure. The text also adds that two countries will ‘promote the establishment of a United Nations-led system for ensuring international information security and the creation of a legally binding regime for the prevention and peaceful resolution of conflicts, based on the principles of sovereign equality and non-interference in the internal affairs of states’.

The agreement emphasises strengthening sovereignty and state-centric approach to international information security and internet governance. Other key commitments on cybersecurity also include:

  • Expanding joint efforts to combat the criminal misuse of ICTs, exchanging expertise, and promoting sovereignty in the international information domain.
  • Advocating for the internationalization of internet governance, equal rights for states in managing internet segments, and rejecting limitations on national sovereignty in regulating and securing the internet.
  • Enhancing sovereignty through regulating global ICT companies, sharing expertise on internet management, developing ICT infrastructure, and advancing digital development.

CISA and FBI publish guidance on product security bad practices

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have released detailed guidance aimed at software manufacturers to enhance security across the product lifecycle. This document applies to all software products and services, including on-premises software, cloud services, Software as a Service (SaaS), operational technology (OT), and embedded systems. While non-binding, the guidance encourages manufacturers to adopt secure-by-design principles and reduce risks for their customers by avoiding specific bad practices.

The guidance reflects feedback from 78 public comments and introduces three new bad practices:

  1. Using known insecure or outdated cryptographic functions.
  2. Hardcoded credentials.
  3. Insufficient product support periods.

Updates also include:

  • Enhanced context on memory safety and multi-factor authentication (MFA), particularly for OT products.
  • New examples of actions to prevent SQL injection and command injection vulnerabilities.
  • Clear timelines for addressing Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEVs).

Some of the recommendation actions to software manufacturers specifically address the critical infrastructure protection. For instance, Software manufacturers are urged to:

  • Prevent command injection vulnerabilities: Use library functions, sanitize inputs with restrictive allowlists, and delineate command inputs.
  • Eliminate default passwords: Implement instance-unique, random passwords; enforce secure credentials during setup; and support phishing-resistant MFA.
  • Patch Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEVs): Issue free patches within 30 days of a KEV’s inclusion in CISA’s catalog and communicate risks to users.
  • Support Open Source Software (OSS): Contribute responsibly and sustainably to open-source projects relied upon.

By following this guidance, manufacturers signal their commitment to customer security and contribute to a safer software ecosystem.

Private messages shared by LinkedIn spark class-action lawsuit

LinkedIn, owned by Microsoft, faces a class-action lawsuit from its Premium customers who allege that the platform improperly shared their private messages with third parties to train AI models. The lawsuit alleges that LinkedIn introduced a new privacy setting last August that allowed users to control the sharing of their data, yet failed to adequately inform them about the use of their messages for AI training.

Customers claim that a stealthy update to LinkedIn’s privacy policy on 18 September outlined this data usage, while also stating that opting out of data sharing would not prevent past training from being utilised.

The plaintiffs, representing millions of Premium users, seek damages for breaches of contract and violations of California’s unfair competition laws. In addition, they demand compensation of $1,000 for each individual affected by alleged violations of the federal Stored Communications Act. The lawsuit highlights concerns over the potential misuse of customer data, asserting that LinkedIn deliberately obscured its practices to evade scrutiny regarding user privacy.

LinkedIn has denied the allegations, stating that the claims lack merit. The legal action arose just hours after President Donald Trump announced a significant AI investment initiative, backed by Microsoft and other major companies. In San Jose, California, the case has been filed as De La Torre v. LinkedIn Corp in the federal district court.

With privacy becoming an increasingly crucial issue, the implications of this lawsuit could resonate throughout the tech industry. Customers are scrutinising platforms’ commitments to safeguarding personal information, especially in the context of rapidly evolving AI technologies.

CTM360 and ISACA Singapore partner to strengthen cybersecurity

CTM360, a Bahrain-based cybersecurity platform, has partnered with the ISACA Singapore Chapter to enhance Singapore’s cybersecurity landscape. By signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) during the first members’ event of 2025, this collaboration aims to elevate cybersecurity through capacity development, professional development, and fostering a culture of knowledge exchange.

The partnership focuses on hosting joint events, training programs, and workshops designed to advance cybersecurity expertise, support certification advancements, and develop innovative strategies to address evolving cyber threats. By combining their expertise, both organisations are working to enhance cybersecurity ecosystem in Singapore and equip professionals with the tools required to tackle modern challenges, ensuring cybersecurity remains a priority across industries.

The collaboration reflects a shared commitment to creating meaningful opportunities for professional growth and strengthening the cybersecurity community. It underscores the importance of equipping professionals with the necessary knowledge and tools to thrive in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.

The partnership also aims to drive impactful initiatives, promoting a safer and more resilient digital environment through collective responsibility and a focus on addressing current and future cyber threats.

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