South Korea establishes legal framework for tokenised securities

South Korea has approved legislation establishing a legal framework for issuing and trading tokenised securities. Amendments recognise blockchain-based securities as legitimate, with rules taking effect in January 2027.

Eligible issuers can create tokenised debt and equity products using blockchain infrastructure, while brokerages and licensed intermediaries will facilitate trading.

Regulators aim to combine the efficiency of distributed ledgers with investor protections and expand the use of smart contracts, enabling previously restricted investments in real estate, art, or agriculture to reach a broader audience.

Implementation will be led by the Financial Services Commission, in collaboration with the Financial Supervisory Service, the Korea Securities Depository, and industry participants.

Consultation bodies will develop infrastructure such as ledger-based account management systems, while local firms, including Mirae Asset Securities and Hana Financial Group, are preparing platforms for the new rules.

Analysts project tokenised assets could reach $2 trillion globally by 2028, with South Korea’s market at $249 billion.

The legislation also complements South Korea’s efforts to regulate blockchain and curb cryptocurrency-related financial crime.

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AI users spend 40% of saved time fixing errors

A recent study from Workday reveals that 40% of the time saved by AI in the workplace is spent correcting errors, highlighting a growing productivity paradox. Frequent AI users are bearing the brunt, often double- or triple-checking outputs to ensure accuracy.

Despite widespread adoption- 87% of employees report using AI at least a few times per week, and 85% save one to seven hours weekly-much of that time is redirected to fixing low-quality results rather than achieving net gains in productivity.

The findings suggest that AI can increase workloads rather than streamline operations if not implemented carefully.

Experts argue that AI should enhance human work rather than replace it. Employees need tools that handle complex tasks reliably, allowing teams to focus on creativity, judgment, and strategic decision-making.

Upskilling staff to manage AI effectively is critical to realising sustainable productivity benefits.

The study also highlights the risk of organisations prioritising speed over quality. Many AI tools place trust and accuracy responsibilities on employees, creating hidden costs and risks for decision-making.

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EU allocates $356 million for AI and digital technologies

The European Commission has announced €307.3 million ($356 million) in new funding to advance digital technologies across the EU. The initiative aims to strengthen Europe’s innovation, competitiveness, and strategic digital autonomy.

A total of €221.8 million will support projects in AI, robotics, quantum technologies, photonics, and virtual worlds. One focus is the development of trustworthy AI services and innovative data solutions to enhance EU digital leadership.

More than €40 million has been allocated to the Open Internet Stack Initiative, which aims to advance end-user applications and core stack technologies, boosting European digital sovereignty. A second call of €85.5 million will target open strategic autonomy in emerging digital technologies and raw materials.

The funding is open to businesses, academic institutions, public administrations, and other entities from EU member states and partner countries. Priority areas include next-generation AI agents, industrial and service robotics, and new materials with enhanced sensing capabilities.

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Ofcom probes AI companion chatbot over age checks

Ofcom has opened an investigation into Novi Ltd over age checks on its AI companion chatbot. The probe focuses on duties under the Online Safety Act.

Regulators will assess whether children can access pornographic content without effective age assurance. Sanctions could include substantial fines or business disruption measures under the UK’s Online Safety Bill.

In a separate case, Ofcom confirmed enforcement pressure led Snapchat to overhaul its illegal content risk assessment. Revised findings now require stronger protections for UK users.

Ofcom said accurate risk assessments underpin online safety regulation. Platforms must match safeguards to real world risks, particularly when AI and children are concerned.

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Regulators press on with Grok investigations in Britain and Canada

Britain and Canada are continuing regulatory probes into xAI’s Grok chatbot, signalling that official scrutiny will persist despite the company’s announcement of new safeguards. Authorities say concerns remain over the system’s ability to generate explicit and non-consensual images.

xAI said it had updated Grok to block edits that place real people in revealing clothing and restricted image generation in jurisdictions where such content is illegal. The company did not specify which regions are affected by the new limits.

Reuters testing found Grok was still capable of producing sexualised images, including in Britain. Social media platform X and xAI did not respond to questions about how effective the changes have been.

UK regulator Ofcom said its investigation remains ongoing, despite welcoming xAI’s announcement. A privacy watchdog in Canada also confirmed it is expanding an existing probe into both X and xAI.

Pressure is growing internationally, with countries including France, India, and the Philippines raising concerns. British Technology Secretary Liz Kendall said the Online Safety Act gives the government tools to hold platforms accountable for harmful content.

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Japan and ASEAN agree to boost AI collaboration

Japan and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have agreed to collaborate on developing new AI models and preparing related legislation. The cooperation was formalised in a joint statement at a digital ministers’ meeting in Hanoi on Thursday.

Proposed by Minister Hayashi, the initiative aims to boost regional AI capabilities amid US and Chinese competition. Japan emphasised its ongoing commitment to supporting ASEAN’s technological development.

The partnership follows last October’s Japan-ASEAN summit, where Prime Minister Takaichi called for joint research in semiconductors and AI. The agreement aims to foster closer innovation ties and regional collaboration in strategic technology sectors.

The collaboration will engage public and private stakeholders to promote research, knowledge exchange, and capacity-building across ASEAN. Officials expect the partnership to speed AI adoption while maintaining regional regulations and ethical standards.

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Council of Europe highlights legal frameworks for AI fairness

The Council of Europe recently hosted an online event to examine the challenges posed by algorithmic discrimination and explore ways to strengthen governance frameworks for AI and automated decision-making (ADM) systems.

Two new publications were presented, focusing on legal protections against algorithmic bias and policy guidelines for equality bodies and human rights institutions.

Algorithmic bias has been shown to exacerbate existing social inequalities. In employment, AI systems trained on historical data may unfairly favour male candidates or disadvantage minority groups.

Public authorities also use AI in law enforcement, migration, welfare, justice, education, and healthcare, where profiling, facial recognition, and other automated tools can carry discriminatory risks. Private-sector applications in banking, insurance, and personnel services similarly raise concerns.

Legal frameworks such as the EU AI Act (2024/1689) and the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention on AI, human rights, democracy, and the rule of law aim to mitigate these risks. The publications review how regulations protect against algorithmic discrimination and highlight remaining gaps.

National equality bodies and human rights structures play a key role in monitoring AI/ADM systems, ensuring compliance, and promoting human rights-based deployment.

The webinar highlighted practical guidance and examples for applying EU and Council of Europe rules to public sector AI initiatives, fostering more equitable and accountable systems.

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Brazil excluded from WhatsApp rival AI chatbot ban

WhatsApp has excluded Brazil from its new restriction on third-party general-purpose chatbots, allowing AI providers to continue operating on the platform despite a broader policy shift affecting other markets.

The decision follows action by the competition authority of Brazil, which ordered Meta to suspend elements of the policy while assessing whether the rules unfairly disadvantage rival chatbot providers in favour of Meta AI.

Developers have been informed that services linked to Brazilian phone numbers do not need to stop responding to users or issue service warnings.

Elsewhere, WhatsApp has introduced a 90-day grace period starting in mid-January, requiring chatbot developers to halt responses and notify users that services will no longer function on the app.

The policy applies to tools such as ChatGPT and Grok, while customer service bots used by businesses remain unaffected.

Italy has already secured a similar exemption after regulatory scrutiny, while the EU has opened an antitrust investigation into the new rules.

Meta continues to argue that general-purpose AI chatbots place technical strain on systems designed for business messaging instead of acting as an open distribution platform for AI services.

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How Switzerland can shape AI in 2026

Switzerland is heading into 2026 facing an AI transition marked by uncertainty, and it may not win a raw ‘compute race’ dominated by the biggest hardware buyers. In his blog ‘10 Swiss values and practices for AI & digitalisation in 2026,’ Jovan Kurbalija argues that Switzerland’s best response is to build resilience around an ‘AI Trinity’ of Zurich’s entrepreneurship, Geneva’s governance, and communal subsidiarity, using long-standing Swiss practices as a practical compass rather than a slogan.

A central idea is subsidiarity. When top-down approaches hit limits, Switzerland can push ‘bottom-up AI’ grounded in local knowledge and real community needs. Kurbalija points to practical steps such as turning libraries, post offices, and community centres into AI knowledge hubs, creating apprenticeship-style AI programmes, and small grants that help communities develop local AI tools. He also cites a proposal for a ‘Geneva stack’ of sovereign digital tools adopted across public institutions, alongside the notion of a decentralised ‘cyber militia’ capacity for defence.

The blog also leans heavily on entrepreneurship and innovation, especially Switzerland’s SME culture and Zurich’s tech ecosystem. The message for 2026 is to strengthen partnerships between Swiss startups and major global tech firms present in the region, while also connecting more actively with fast-growing digital economy actors from places like India and Singapore.

Instead of chasing moonshots alone, Kurbalija says Switzerland can double down on ‘precision AI’ in areas such as medtech, fintech, and cleantech, and expand its move toward open-source AI tools across the full lifecycle, from models to localised agents.

Another theme is trust and quality, and the challenge of translating Switzerland’s high-trust reputation into the AI era. Beyond cybersecurity, the question is whether Switzerland can help define ‘trustworthy AI,’ potentially even as an international verifier certifying systems.

At the same time, Kurbalija frames quality as a Swiss competitive edge in a world frustrated with low-grade ‘AI slop,’ arguing that better outcomes often depend less on new algorithms and more on well-curated knowledge and data.

He also flags neutrality and sovereignty as issues that will move from abstract debates to urgent policy questions, such as what neutrality means when cyber weapons and AI systems are involved, and how much control a country can realistically keep over data and infrastructure in an interdependent world. He notes that digital sovereignty is a key priority in Switzerland’s 2026 digital strategy, with a likely focus on mapping where critical digital assets are stored and on protecting sensitive domains, such as health, elections, and security, while running local systems when feasible.

Finally, the blog stresses solidarity and resilience as the social and infrastructural foundations of the transition. As AI-driven centralisation risks widening divides, Kurbalija calls for reskilling, support for regions and industries in transition, and digital tools that strengthen social safety nets rather than weaken them.

His bottom line is that Switzerland can’t, and shouldn’t, try to outspend others on hardware. Still, it can choose whether to ‘import the future as a dependency’ or build it as a durable capability, carefully and inclusively, on unmistakably Swiss strengths.

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SRB GDPR case withdrawn from EU court

A high-profile EU court case on pseudonymised data has ended without a final ruling. The dispute involved the Single Resolution Board and the European Data Protection Supervisor.

The case focused on whether pseudonymised opinions qualify as personal data under the GDPR. Judges were also asked to assess reidentification risks and notification duties.

After intervention by the Court of Justice of the European Union, the matter returned to the General Court. Both parties later withdrew the case, leaving no binding judgement.

Legal experts say the CJEU’s guidance continues to shape enforcement practice. Regulators are expected to reflect those principles in updated EU pseudonymisation guidelines.

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