Capacity development

Study shows how AI can uncover hidden biological mechanisms

Researchers in China have used AI to reveal how different species independently develop similar traits when adapting to shared environments. The study focuses on echolocation in bats and toothed whales, two distant groups that created this ability separately despite their evolutionary differences.

The Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences team found that high-order protein features are crucial to adaptive convergence. Convergent evolution is the independent emergence of similar traits across species, often under similar ecological pressures.

Led by Zou Zhengting, the researchers developed a framework called ACEP, which utilises a pre-trained protein language model to analyse amino acid sequences. This method reveals hidden structural and functional information in proteins, shedding light on how traits are formed at the molecular level.

The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reveal how AI can detect deep biological patterns behind convergent evolution. The study demonstrates how combining AI with protein analysis provides powerful tools for understanding complex evolutionary mechanisms.

Zou said the work deepens the understanding of life’s evolutionary laws and highlights the growing role of AI in biology. The team in China hopes this approach can be applied to other evolutionary questions, broadening the use of AI in decoding life’s hidden patterns.

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Study explores AI’s role in future-proofing buildings

AI could help design buildings that are resilient to both climate extremes and infectious disease threats, according to new research. The study, conducted in collaboration with Charles Darwin University, examines the application of AI in smart buildings, with a focus on energy efficiency and management.

Buildings account for over two-thirds of global carbon emissions and energy consumption, but reducing consumption remains challenging and costly. The study highlights how AI can enhance ventilation and thermal comfort, overcoming the limitations of static HVAC systems that impact sustainability and health.

Researchers propose adaptive thermal control systems that respond in real-time to occupancy, outdoor conditions, and internal heat. Machine learning can optimise temperature and airflow to balance comfort, energy efficiency, and infection control.

A new framework enables designers and facility managers to simulate thermal scenarios and assess their impact on the risk of airborne transmission. It is modular and adaptable to different building types, offering a quantitative basis for future regulatory standards.

The study was conducted with lead author Mohammadreza Haghighat from the University of Tehran and CDU’s Ehsan Mohammadi Savadkoohi. Future work will integrate real-time sensor data to strengthen building resilience against future climate and health threats.

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Could AI win a Nobel Prize? Experts debate the possibility

AI is starting to make inroads into scientific discovery. In recent years, AI systems have analysed data, designed experiments, and even proposed hypotheses and behaviours once thought to be uniquely human.

Some researchers now argue that AI could compete with leading scientists, conceivably worthy of a Nobel Prize in a few decades. The ambition invites provocative questions: Can a machine be an author or laureate? What criteria would apply? Would human oversight remain essential?

Sceptics argue that AI lacks consciousness, intentionality or moral agency, all hallmarks of great scientific insight. They caution that the machine’s contributions are derivative, built on human data, models and frameworks. Others contend that denying AI recognition blocks a future where hybrid human-machine teams deliver breakthroughs.

Meanwhile, mechanisms for attributing credit are also under scrutiny. Would the institution or the engineers who built the AI deserve the credit, or the AI itself? The article notes existing examples: AIs have already co-authored papers and databases in genetics or materials science. However, instituting them as Nobel candidates demands shifting philosophical and institutional norms.

As AI systems achieve deeper autonomy, the debate over their role in science and whether they merit high honours will only intensify. The Nobel Prize, a symbolic instrument in the science ecosystem, may evolve to include nonhuman actors if the community permits it.

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Anthropic launches Bengaluru office to drive responsible AI in India

AI firm Anthropic, the company behind the Claude AI chatbot, is opening its first office in India, choosing Bengaluru as its base.

A move that follows OpenAI’s recent expansion into New Delhi, underlining India’s growing importance as a hub for AI development and adoption.

CEO Dario Amodei said India’s combination of vast technical talent and the government’s commitment to equitable AI progress makes it an ideal location.

The Bengaluru office will focus on developing AI solutions tailored to India’s needs in education, healthcare, and agriculture sectors.

Amodei is visiting India to strengthen ties with enterprises, nonprofits, and startups and promote responsible AI use that is aligned with India’s digital growth strategy.

Anthropic plans further expansion in the Indo-Pacific region, following its Tokyo launch, later in the year.

Chief Commercial Officer Paul Smith noted the rising demand among Indian companies for trustworthy, scalable AI systems. Anthropic’s Claude models are already accessible in India through its API, Amazon Bedrock, and Google Cloud Vertex AI.

The company serves more than 300,000 businesses worldwide, with nearly 80 percent of usage outside the US.

India has become the second-largest market for Claude, with developers using it for tasks such as mobile UI design and web app debugging.

Anthropic also enhances Claude’s multilingual capabilities in major Indic languages, including Hindi, Bengali, and Tamil, to support education and public sector projects.

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AI maps over 1,300 mouse brain subregions with unprecedented precision

Researchers at UCSF and the Allen Institute have created one of the most detailed mouse brain maps. Their AI model, CellTransformer, identified over 1,300 brain regions and subregions, including previously uncharted areas. The findings were published in Nature Communications.

CellTransformer utilises spatial transcriptomics to define brain regions based on shared cellular patterns, rather than relying on expert annotation. Drawing city borders from building types reveals finer brain structures. This data-driven method provides unprecedented precision.

The model replicated known regions, such as the hippocampus, and revealed previously unknown subdivisions in the midbrain reticular nucleus. Researchers compared the leap from mapping continents to mapping states and cities. The tool provides a foundation for more targeted neuroscience studies.

Validation against the Allen Institute’s Common Coordinate Framework strongly aligned with expert-defined anatomy. The results gave researchers confidence in the biological relevance of the new subregions. Further studies will investigate their functions.

The model’s potential goes beyond neuroscience. Its methods can map other tissues, including cancers, by analysing large spatial transcriptomics datasets. However, this could support new medical research, helping uncover disease mechanisms and accelerate treatment development.

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Employees embrace AI but face major training and trust gaps

SnapLogic has published new research highlighting how AI adoption reshapes daily work across industries while exposing trust, training, and leadership strategy gaps.

The study finds that 78% of employees already use AI in their roles, with half using autonomous AI agents. Workers interact with AI almost daily and save over three hours per week. However, 94% say they face barriers to practical use, with concerns over data privacy and security topping the list.

Based on a survey of 3,000 US, UK, and German employees, the research finds widespread but uneven AI support. Training is a significant gap, with only 63% receiving company-led education. Many rely on trial and error, and managers are more likely to be trained than non-managers.

Generational and hierarchical differences are also evident. Seventy percent of managers express strong confidence in AI, compared with 43% of non-managers. Half believe they will be managed by AI agents rather than people in the future, and many expect to be handled by AI themselves.

SnapLogic’s CTO, Jeremiah Stone, says the agile enterprise is about easing workloads and sparking creativity, not replacing people. The findings underscore the need for companies to align strategy, training, and trust to realise AI’s potential in the workplace fully.

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ChatGPT introduces new generation of interactive apps

A new generation of interactive apps is arriving in ChatGPT, allowing users to engage with tools like Canva, Spotify, and Booking.com directly through conversation. The apps appear naturally during chats, enabling users to create, learn, and explore within the same interface.

Developers can now build their own ChatGPT apps using the newly launched Apps SDK, released in preview as an open standard based on the Model Context Protocol. The SDK includes documentation, examples, and testing tools, with app submissions and monetisation to follow later this year.

Over 800 million ChatGPT users can now access these apps on Free, Go, Plus and Pro plans, excluding EU regions for the moment. Early partners include Booking.com, Coursera, Canva, Figma, Expedia, Spotify, and Zillow, with more to follow later in the year.

Apps respond to natural language and integrate interactive features such as maps, playlists, and slides directly in chat. ChatGPT can even suggest relevant apps during conversations- for instance, showing Zillow listings when discussing home purchases or prompting Spotify for a party playlist.

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Harvard team builds quantum computer that runs continuously for over two hours

A team of Harvard physicists has built a quantum computing machine that can operate continuously without restarting, achieving a significant milestone in experimental quantum hardware.

Until now, quantum computing systems have typically run only for milliseconds or seconds before decoherence or atom loss forces a reset. But in a new setup, the team sustained operation for more than two hours, and they claim that, in theory, it could run indefinitely.

The breakthrough depends on a design that uses an optical lattice conveyor belt together with optical tweezers. These tools allow the system to replenish qubits (atoms) in real time, injecting new atoms at a rate of 300,000 per second into a 3,000-qubit array, to counteract atom loss and maintain quantum information.

Overcoming atom loss has been one of the biggest bottlenecks in scaling quantum computers. Without that fix, durability and error accumulation limit usability. With this experiment, the researchers demonstrate a path toward more robust, always-on quantum platforms.

Mikhail Lukin, who leads Harvard’s quantum research, said that while scaling remains challenging, the approach appears compatible with larger systems. Collaboration with MIT physicist Vladan Vuletić suggested that machines capable of indefinite operation could be within reach in as little as three years.

Applications in cryptography, materials simulation, finance, and medicine could benefit enormously if quantum machines can reliably operate over long durations. The new design resets a key assumption in quantum systems, shifting focus from short bursts of computation to sustained, fault-tolerant operation.

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Policy hackathon shapes OpenAI proposals ahead of EU AI strategy

OpenAI has published 20 policy proposals to speed up AI adoption across the EU. Released shortly before the European Commission’s Apply AI Strategy, the report outlines practical steps for member states, businesses, and the public sector to bridge the gap between ambition and deployment.

The proposals originate from Hacktivate AI, a Brussels hackathon with 65 participants from EU institutions, governments, industry, and academia. They focus on workforce retraining, SME support, regulatory harmonisation, and public sector collaboration, highlighting OpenAI’s growing policy role in Europe.

Key ideas include Individual AI Learning Accounts to support workers, an AI Champions Network to mobilise SMEs, and a European GovAI Hub to share resources with public institutions. OpenAI’s Martin Signoux said the goal was to bridge the divide between strategy and action.

Europe already represents a major market for OpenAI tools, with widespread use among developers and enterprises, including Sanofi, Parloa, and Pigment. Yet adoption remains uneven, with IT and finance leading, manufacturing catching up, and other sectors lagging behind, exposing a widening digital divide.

The European Commission is expected to unveil its Apply AI Strategy within days. OpenAI’s proposals act as a direct contribution to the policy debate, complementing previous initiatives such as its EU Economic Blueprint and partnerships with governments in Germany and Greece.

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Brazil advances first national cybersecurity law

Brazil is preparing to pass its first national cybersecurity law, aiming to centralise oversight and strengthen protection for citizens and companies. The Cybersecurity Legal Framework would establish a new National Cybersecurity Authority to coordinate defence efforts across government and industry.

The legislation comes after a series of high-profile cyberattacks disrupted hospitals and exposed millions of personal records, highlighting gaps in Brazil’s digital defences. The authority would create nationwide standards, replacing fragmented rules currently managed by individual ministries and agencies.

Under the bill, public procurement will require compliance with official security standards, and suppliers will share responsibility for incidents. Companies meeting the rules could be listed as trusted providers, potentially boosting competitiveness in both public and private sectors.

The framework also includes incentives: financing through the National Public Security Fund and priority for locally developed technologies. While the bill still awaits approval in Congress, its adoption would make Brazil one of Latin America’s first countries with a comprehensive cybersecurity law.

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