Water Archives | Digital Watch Observatory

Romania investigates large scale cyber attack on national water body

Authorities in Romania have confirmed a severe ransomware attack on the national water administration ‘Apele Române’, which encrypted around 1,000 IT systems across most regional water basin offices.

Attackers used Microsoft’s BitLocker tool to lock files and then issued a ransom note demanding contact within seven days, although cybersecurity officials continue to reject any negotiation with criminals.

The disruption affected email systems, databases, servers and workstations instead of operational technology, meaning hydrotechnical structures and critical water management systems continued to function safely.

Staff coordinated activity by radio and telephone, and flood defence operations remained in normal working order while investigations and recovery progressed.

National cyber agencies, including the National Directorate of Cyber Security and the Romanian Intelligence Service’s cyber centre, are now restoring systems and moving to include water infrastructure within the state cyber protection framework.

The case underlines how ransomware groups increasingly target essential utilities rather than only private companies, making resilience and identity controls a strategic priority.

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How data centres affect electricity, prices, water consumption and jobs

Data centres have become critical infrastructure for modern economies, supporting services ranging from digital communications and online commerce to emergency response systems and financial transactions.

As AI expands, demand for cloud computing continues to accelerate, increasing the need for additional data centre capacity worldwide.

Concerns about environmental impact often focus on electricity and water use, yet recent data indicate that data centres are not primary drivers of higher power prices and consume far less water than many traditional industries.

Studies show that rising electricity costs are largely linked to grid upgrades, climate-related damage and fuel prices instead of large-scale computing facilities, while water use by data centres remains a small fraction of overall consumption.

Technological improvements have further reduced resource intensity. Operators have significantly improved water efficiency per unit of computing power, adopting closed-loop liquid cooling and advanced energy management systems.

In many regions, water is required only intermittently, with consumption levels lower than those in sectors such as clothing manufacturing, agriculture and automotive services.

Beyond digital services, data centres deliver tangible economic benefits to local communities. Large-scale investments generate construction activity, long-term technical employment and stable tax revenues, while infrastructure upgrades and skills programmes support regional development.

As cloud computing and AI continue to shape everyday life, data centres are increasingly positioned as both economic and technological anchors.

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Viral AI image trends drive up water consumption

Behind ChatGPT’s digital charm lies an increasingly concerning environmental toll, largely driven by its water consumption.

According to recent reports, OpenAI’s GPT-4 model consumes around 500 millilitres of clean, drinkable water for every 100-word response. The surge in demand, fuelled by viral trends like Studio Ghibli-style portraits and Barbie-themed avatars, has significantly amplified this impact.

Each AI interaction, especially those involving image generation, generates heat, necessitating cooling systems that rely heavily on water.

With an estimated 57 million users daily, ChatGPT’s operations result in a staggering daily water usage of over 14,800 crore litres. OpenAI’s CEO, Sam Altman, recently acknowledged server strain, urging users to reduce non-essential use.

The environmental costs extend beyond water. Many data centres supporting AI platforms are located in water-stressed regions and rely on fossil fuels, raising serious concerns about sustainability.

Experts warn that while AI promises convenience, its rapid expansion risks putting additional pressure on fragile ecosystems unless mindful practices are adopted.

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AI demand drives up water consumption

The growing demand for data centres, driven by the AI boom, is leading to a significant increase in water consumption, particularly for cooling the computing equipment. In Virginia, home to the world’s largest concentration of data centres, water usage surged by nearly two-thirds between 2019 and 2023, rising from 1.13 billion to 1.85 billion gallons.

The trend, mirrored globally, raises concerns about sustainability. Microsoft, a key player in the data centre industry, reported that 42% of the water it used in 2023 came from regions experiencing water stress. Google, which operates some of the largest data centres, revealed that 15% of its freshwater withdrawals occurred in areas with high water scarcity.

Although many data centres use closed-loop systems to recycle water, a significant portion is still lost due to the need for humidity control, especially in dry regions. Humidified air is essential to prevent static electricity, which can damage sensitive computer equipment.

The increasing water consumption by data centres underscores the environmental challenges posed by the rapid expansion of AI and digital infrastructure, prompting concerns about the sustainability of such practices.