AI demand drives up water consumption
The trend is deemed unsustainable, with companies like Microsoft and Google drawing significant portions of their water from areas facing water stress or scarcity.
The growing demand for data centres, driven by the AI boom, is leading to a significant increase in water consumption, particularly for cooling the computing equipment. In Virginia, home to the world’s largest concentration of data centres, water usage surged by nearly two-thirds between 2019 and 2023, rising from 1.13 billion to 1.85 billion gallons.
The trend, mirrored globally, raises concerns about sustainability. Microsoft, a key player in the data centre industry, reported that 42% of the water it used in 2023 came from regions experiencing water stress. Google, which operates some of the largest data centres, revealed that 15% of its freshwater withdrawals occurred in areas with high water scarcity.
Although many data centres use closed-loop systems to recycle water, a significant portion is still lost due to the need for humidity control, especially in dry regions. Humidified air is essential to prevent static electricity, which can damage sensitive computer equipment.
The increasing water consumption by data centres underscores the environmental challenges posed by the rapid expansion of AI and digital infrastructure, prompting concerns about the sustainability of such practices.
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