human rights

Enhancing parliamentary skills for a thriving digital future

As digital transformation accelerates, parliaments across the globe are challenged to keep pace with emerging technologies like AI and data governance. On the second day of IGF 2024 in Riyadh, an influential panel discussed how parliamentary capacity development is essential to shaping inclusive, balanced digital policies without stifling innovation.

The session ‘Building parliamentary capacity to effectively shape the digital realm,’ moderated by Rima Al-Yahya of Saudi Arabia’s Shura Council, brought together representatives from international organisations and tech giants, including ICANN, Google, GIZ, and UNESCO. Their message was that parliamentarians need targeted training and collaboration to effectively navigate AI regulation, data sovereignty, and the digital economy.

The debate on AI regulation reflected a global dilemma: how to regulate AI responsibly without halting progress. UNESCO’s Cedric Wachholz outlined flexible approaches, including risk-based frameworks and ethical principles, as seen in their Ethics of AI. Google’s Olga Skorokhodova reinforced this by saying that as AI develops, it’s becoming ‘too important not to regulate well,’ advocating with this known Google motto for multistakeholder collaboration and local capacity development.

Beckwith Burr, ICANN board member, stressed that while internet governance requires global coordination, legislative decisions are inherently national. ‘Parliamentarians must understand how the internet works to avoid laws that unintentionally break it,’ she cautioned and added that ICANN offers robust capacity-building programs to bridge knowledge gaps.

With a similar stance, Franz von Weizsäcker of GIZ highlighted Africa’s efforts to harmonise digital policies across 55 countries under the African Union’s Data Policy Framework. He noted that concerns about ‘data colonialism’, where local data benefits global corporations, must be tackled through innovative policies that protect data without hindering cross-border data flows.

Parliamentarians from Kenya, Egypt, and Gambia emphasised the need for widespread digital literacy among legislators, as poorly informed laws risk impeding innovation. ‘Over 95% of us do not understand the technical sector,’ said Kenyan Senator Catherine Muma, urging investments to empower lawmakers across all sectors (health, finance, or education) to legislate for an AI-driven future.

As Rima Al-Yahya trustworthily summarised, ‘Equipping lawmakers with tools and knowledge is pivotal to ensuring digital policies promote innovation, security, and accountability for all.’

All transcripts from the Internet Governance Forum sessions can be found on dig.watch.

Democratic senators urge Biden administration to address human rights in UN Cybercrime Convention

Six Democratic senators have urged the Biden administration to address critical concerns about human rights and cybersecurity in the upcoming United Nations Cybercrime Convention, which is set for a vote at the UN General Assembly. In a letter to top officials, including Secretary of State Antony Blinken and National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan, the senators—Tim Kaine, Jeff Merkley, Ed Markey, Chris Van Hollen, Ron Wyden, and Cory Booker—expressed alarm over the convention’s handling of privacy rights, freedom of expression, and cybersecurity.

The letter warns that the current version of the treaty, supported by US lead negotiator Ambassador Deborah McCarthy, risks aligning the US with repressive regimes under the pretence of cybersecurity. The senators voiced concerns that the treaty, which originated as a Russian proposal in 2017, could enable authoritarian states to legitimise surveillance, suppress dissent, and infringe on human rights globally.

While the Biden administration tried to revise the text, the senators argued that these changes needed revision. The treaty’s provisions require countries to enact laws that allow local law enforcement access to electronic data, threaten privacy rights, and potentially enable surveillance without judicial oversight. The top diplomat warned of serious fallout if the US fails to back the treaty.

The letter also criticises the treaty for lacking clear protections for journalists and security researchers, whose work often involves uncovering vulnerabilities that malicious actors could exploit. The senators warn that this oversight could weaken cybersecurity without explicit safeguards, making sensitive systems more vulnerable to attack.

AI workflows spark stress and productivity concerns

AI tools were introduced at Everest PR to streamline tasks, but the results were not as expected. Founder Anurag Garg noticed that instead of boosting efficiency, the technology created additional stress. His team reported that using AI tools like ChatGPT was time-consuming and added new complexities, leading to frustration and burnout.

Garg’s team struggled to keep up with frequent software updates and found that managing multiple AI platforms made their work harder. This sentiment is echoed in surveys showing many workers feel AI tools increase their workloads rather than reduce them. A study revealed that 61% believe AI will increase their chances of burnout, with the figure rising to 87% among younger workers.

Even legal professionals are feeling overwhelmed by AI’s impact on their workloads. Leah Steele, a coach for lawyers, explained that tech-driven environments often lead to reduced job satisfaction and fear of redundancy. The Law Society also highlights the challenges of implementing AI, emphasising that learning new tools requires time and effort, which can add pressure rather than alleviate it.

While some argue that AI can empower small firms by enhancing productivity, others stress the need for proper usage to prevent overwhelm. Garg has now reduced his team’s reliance on AI, finding that a more selective approach has improved employee well-being and reconnected them with their work.

Assange seeks Bitcoin support for post-release travel costs

Julian Assange, the former Wikileaks editor-in-chief, has secured a plea deal, with his sentence commuted to time served. He is now set to travel to Saipan before returning to Australia. Despite his release, the financial burden remains, with his fiancée, Stella Assange, disclosing that the cost of his journey to freedom is estimated at $520,000. The family is urgently appealing for funds to cover travel and recovery expenses.

To help raise these funds, a BTCPay Server has been set up, enabling donations through Bitcoin or the Lightning Network. Assange’s brother, Gabriel, confirmed the platform, allowing secure, decentralised contributions. Julian’s connection to Bitcoin is long-standing, having been part of the cryptocurrency’s history, including discussions with its creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, regarding its use for Wikileaks when PayPal froze their accounts.

As Assange embarks on the next chapter of his life, the Bitcoin community continues to rally behind him, with a recent donation of 8 Bitcoins (around $500,000) further showcasing the role of cryptocurrency in supporting his cause.

Quad leaders set principles for Digital Public Infrastructure

The Quad leaders, comprising the United States, India, Japan, and Australia, outlined principles to guide the development and deployment of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) during their 6th Quad Leaders’ Summit in Wilmington, Delaware. Recognising the transformative power of digital technologies, they emphasised the need for DPI to foster inclusivity, ensure security, and promote scalability while respecting privacy and human rights.

The principles aim to provide a blueprint for governments and private sectors to collaborate on creating secure, interoperable digital systems. These systems would offer equitable access, support public service delivery, and drive sustainable development by addressing key challenges such as digital divides, privacy concerns, and cybersecurity risks. They focus on creating an inclusive, safe, and transparent digital ecosystem that can adapt to evolving demands, especially in pursuit of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Among the core principles are:

Inclusivity: Governments should strive to close digital divides by eliminating barriers that hinder access and ensuring no erroneous biases are embedded in digital systems.

Interoperability: DPI should be based on open standards that ensure compatibility across systems, balancing legal and technical requirements.

Scalability: Infrastructure should be designed to accommodate growing demand without significant disruptions.

Security and Privacy: DPI must integrate privacy-enhancing technologies and cybersecurity features to protect users’ data and ensure system resilience.

Collaboration: A culture of openness is encouraged by involving community actors and innovators throughout the DPI’s lifecycle.

Human Rights and Governance: DPI must respect human rights and be governed transparently to maximise public trust and benefit.

Sustainability: DPI should be built with sustainability in mind, ensuring long-term financial and technological viability.

These principles highlight the Quad’s commitment to ensuring that digitalisation leads to equitable, reliable, and sustainable outcomes for societies, strongly emphasising maintaining democratic values and human rights.

Officials call for restoring BTRC’s independence to ensure fair telecom practices in Bangladesh

Officials from the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) and the Bangladesh Mobile Phone Users Association (BMPUA) are united in their call to restore the BTRC’s independence as stipulated in the original Telecommunication Regulation Act of 2001.

They argue that the BTRC is compromised by excessive influence from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, undermining its role as an impartial regulator. Both groups demand full autonomy over licensing, tariff regulation, and governance to reclaim their regulatory effectiveness.

The BMPUA also advocates for significant amendments to the Telecommunication Regulation Act, particularly removing legal clauses that shield the BTRC from judicial review. Such changes, they argue, are vital to enhancing public accountability and ensuring the commission operates with greater transparency in the public interest.

Moreover, they stress the need to reduce telecom service costs in Bangladesh by cutting out unnecessary intermediaries and promoting competitive licensing for key infrastructure like submarine cables. Strengthening competition and enforcing higher standards for telecom infrastructure, such as stricter tower quality and equipment regulations, are seen as essential steps toward making telecom services more reliable and affordable for all.

Additionally, BTRC officials and the BMPUA emphasise the importance of transparent, merit-based governance within the commission. They propose that all leadership positions be reserved for qualified Bangladeshi citizens to ensure that local expertise is prioritised and that the commission remains fully committed to advancing national interests.

In a further push for transparency, both groups advocate for public hearings before setting tariffs for internet and voice services, giving consumers a say in pricing decisions. They also highlight the critical need to recognise internet access as a fundamental human right, insisting that the BTRC be given full authority over internet regulation to prevent arbitrary shutdowns and external interference. These measures, they believe, will reinforce the commission’s independence while safeguarding the interests of consumers and promoting a more competitive, efficient telecom sector.

Global AI framework signed to safeguard human rights

The UK has become one of the first signatories of an international treaty designed to regulate AI and prevent its misuse. This legally binding agreement, drafted by the Council of Europe and signed by countries including the EU, US, and Israel, mandates safeguards to protect human rights, democracy, and the rule of law from potential AI threats. Governments are expected to tackle risks such as AI-generated misinformation and the use of biassed data in decision-making processes.

The treaty outlines several key principles, including ensuring data protection, non-discrimination, and the responsible development of AI. Both public and private sector AI users will be required to assess the impact of AI systems on human rights and provide transparency to the public. Individuals will also have the right to challenge AI-made decisions and file complaints with relevant authorities, ensuring accountability and fairness in AI applications.

In the UK, the government is reviewing how to implement the treaty’s provisions within existing legal frameworks, such as human rights laws. A consultation on a new AI bill is underway, which could further strengthen these safeguards. Once ratified, the treaty will allow authorities to impose sanctions, including bans on certain AI uses, like systems utilising facial recognition from unauthorised data sources.

Study finds ChatGPT biased against disability in job screening

A recent study from the University of Washington has exposed troubling biases in using AI for job application processes. The research identifies explicitly that OpenAI’s chatbot, ChatGPT, showed significant biases against disabled job applicants when used to screen CVs.

The research underscores concerns about existing AI tools perpetuating biases rather than mitigating them despite being designed to reduce human bias in hiring processes. Many companies rely on AI to streamline and expedite candidate screening, aiming to enhance recruitment efficiency.

Lead author Kate Glazko pointed out that ChatGPT’s biases can adversely affect how disabled jobseekers’ qualifications are perceived. Descriptions generated by ChatGPT tended to overshadow entire resumes based on disability-related content, potentially undermining the comprehensive evaluation of candidates.

Shari Trewin, Program Director of the IBM Accessibility Team, noted that AI systems, which typically rely on established norms, may inherently disadvantage individuals with disabilities. Addressing these biases requires implementing specific rules within AI systems to ensure fair treatment, as suggested by Glazko’s study advocating for AI to adopt principles aligned with Disability Justice values.

Why does it matter?

The study also calls for further efforts to mitigate AI biases and promote a more inclusive approach to technology development. It highlights the need for greater awareness and vigilance in using AI for sensitive real-world tasks like job recruitment, where fairness and equity are paramount concerns.

Biden’s message at the Arab summit on freedom of the press and democratic rights

U.S. president Joe Biden said in his speech at the Arab summit in Saudi Arabia that the United States will keep its close partnership with the Middle East while urging leaders who attended the summit to advance human rights as a powerful source of economic and social changes. With that being said, freedom of the press and democratic rights are highlighted. He urged the necessity of releasing journalists.

Biden sent a message to the leaders saying: ‘Accountable, accountable institutions that are free from corruption and act transparently and respect the rule of law are the best way to deliver growth, respond to people’s needs, and I believe ensure justice.’

Relatives of Al Jazeera reporter accused the U.S. of trying to erase Israel’s responsibility for her death

Relatives of Al Jazeera reporter Shireen Abu Akleh, who was killed while covering an Israeli raid in the occupied West Bank in May, showed their deep disappointment in President Joe Biden in a letter released over his administration’s response to her death.

The family accused the U.S. of trying to deny Israel’s responsibility for her death, saying in an official statement that Israeli fire most likely killed her but that the shooting in the West Bank town of Jenin was an accident. They sent a request to Biden for meeting with them when he visits the region, which The White House declined to comment on, alongside with the matters of the letter.

Palestinian eyewitnesses who claimed they saw she was shot by Israeli forces gained support from a reconstruction made by The Associated Press, investigations by CNN, New York Times, and The Washington Post as well as monitoring by the U.N. human rights office.