Thailand has a relatively advanced and widely used digital infrastructure for its income level, with internet penetration approaching nine in ten people and strong mobile-first usage. Broadband has been rolled out to most villages under universal-service and ‘Giga Thailand’ programmes, while 5G networks cover major urban and industrial areas. These factors support high usage of digital services, including government, financial and commercial platforms.
Digital payments are an area where Thailand stands out regionally. The PromptPay instant-payment system handles billions of transactions per month and trillions of baht in value, making QR and account-to-account payments a routine part of daily life. Such a payment system has helped make e-commerce one of the largest in ASEAN by value, with a consolidated platform ecosystem and strong social-commerce activity that relies heavily on mobile apps and integrated wallets.
On the policy side, Thailand has a comprehensive, GDPR-inspired Personal Data Protection Act, often counted among the more developed data-protection regimes in Southeast Asia, and enforcement has started to ramp up with significant fines. A National AI Strategy and Action Plan, dedicated AI ethics guidelines and work on an AI law position the country among regional early movers on AI governance. Together with ongoing investment in data centres, cloud and cybersecurity, these measures give Thailand a comparatively strong digital foundation, even though challenges remain around skills, regional gaps and consistent implementation.
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Trinidad and Tobago exhibits robust digital connectivity. As of early 2025, internet penetration reached approximately 84.7% of the population, placing it above the Latin American and Caribbean average. Mobile connections exceeded population numbers—at 135%, underscoring widespread access to mobile networks, with 97% of these being broadband-capable (3G, 4G, or 5G). Fixed broadband performance is also relatively high, with a median download speed of 119 Mbps, significantly improved year-over-year.
Infrastructure-wise, Trinidad and Tobago ranks first in the Caribbean for internet infrastructure resilience according to the Internet Society’s Pulse Index, reflecting the most developed local backbone compared to regional peers. It also holds the highest internet resilience score in the region—50%, compared with a Caribbean average of around 41%. Domestically, the country operates five data centers and two Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)—notable for a small island developing state and indicative of growing self-reliance in digital traffic routing.
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In March 2025, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology launched a Strategic Orientation towards Digital Transformation Project, with goals covering telecom infrastructure, digital economy, cybersecurity, digital skills, and legal modernisation.
Yemen’s digital economy is emerging. The country does have a basic legal foundation in Law No. 40 of 2006 on electronic payment systems and electronic financial and banking operations, yet a dedicated draft e-commerce law was still only under official consultation in October 2025.
Regarding infrastructure, a recent World Bank document says Yemen gets around 80% of its international capacity through the FALCON submarine cable, with the rest mainly through Aden-Djibouti and a terrestrial link with Oman, creating a major single-point-of-failure risk.
Supporters see Starlink as a way to expand access, reduce reliance on damaged and monopolised networks, and connect remote communities. Critics warn that it could deepen political fragmentation, weaken regulatory coherence, and shift control of a vital public service to opaque contracts and external providers.
Yemen’s Permanent Mission in Geneva represents the Republic of Yemen at the UN Office at Geneva and other international organisations based there. Recent official ministry reporting shows the mission, led by Ambassador Dr Ali Mujawar, taking part in forums including the Human Rights Council, UNHCR Executive Committee, IOM, and WIPO, where it has spoken on issues such as humanitarian needs, migration, refugees, human rights, and intellectual property.
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Here you can explore the country’s main digital strategies, laws, and regulations by simply asking the chatbot, which is designed to help you quickly find relevant documents and understand the country’s digital policy landscape.
Main digital policies and regulations in the country:
Vietnam is rapidly advancing its digital landscape, driven by significant government initiatives, robust economic growth, and increasing foreign investments. The country’s digital economy is projected to reach approximately $45 billion by 2025, with expectations to expand between $90 billion to $200 billion by 2030. In 2023, the digital economy contributed over 12% to the national GDP, placing Vietnam among the leading ASEAN nations in this sector.
The Vietnamese government has implemented comprehensive strategies to enhance digital infrastructure, focusing on nationwide 5G deployment, broadband expansion, and the development of data centres. Notably, the ‘Digital Infrastructure Strategy by 2025, with a Vision to 2030’ aims to establish 12-14 IT parks by 2025, increasing to 16-20 by 2030, to foster technological innovation and economic growth.
In the realm of artificial intelligence (AI), Vietnam has set ambitious goals. The ‘National Strategy on Research, Development, and Application of Artificial Intelligence until 2030’ seeks to position the country among the top four in ASEAN and the top 50 globally in AI research and application. This initiative is bolstered by significant investments, such as Nvidia’s agreement with the Vietnamese government to establish an AI research and development centre and an AI data centre in the country.
Furthermore, Vietnam is enhancing its international connectivity through the development of new undersea fibre-optic cables. Plans are underway to add at least 10 new submarine cables by 2030, aiming to triple the country’s current international internet connections and support the burgeoning data centre industry.
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The country’s anchor policy is the Togo Digital 2025, which aims to expand access, digitise public services, and build a digital economy through a more integrated state architecture.
In public administration, Togo has moved beyond simple government websites toward transactional e-government. The Agence Togo Digital describes its role as setting standards and tools for a more coherent digital administration, while the government says the national public-services portal processed more than 400,000 requests in 2024 after adding 60 new procedures. The UN’s 2024 E-Government Development Index ranks Togo 161st out of 193.
Infrastructure is one of Togo’s stronger assets in its digital story. The country has advanced a state-backed, open-access model for fibre and backbone infrastructure, and Google’s Equiano cable has been operational in Togo since August 2023, boosting its international connectivity via Lomé. That is reinforced by the Lomé Data Centre, which gives Togo a local hosting asset, and by a World Bank $100 million package approved in December 2024 to expand broadband and connect about 8,000 public institutions.
In 2024, Togo adopted its first National Cybersecurity Strategy (2024–2028), marking a shift from ad hoc measures to a more structured approach to digital risks. The strategy sets out priorities around protecting critical infrastructure, strengthening national cyber capabilities, and improving incident response and coordination. It also reflects Togo’s ambition to position itself as a credible regional cybersecurity actor. Cybersecurity is one area where Togo has posted strong recent indicators: ITU’s 2024 Global Cybersecurity Index placed Togo among the top 10 African countries.
Togo’s emerging-tech profile is most visible in AI for public policy, mobile money, and the wider digital economy. The government is still developing a national AI strategy, but it has already used data-intensive tools in practice: the Novissi cash-transfer programme used machine learning and mobile phone data to help target emergency support.
Strategy, services, connectivity, cybersecurity, data protection, identity, and AI are now part of a single national reform agenda. Its strongest comparative signals are in cybersecurity progress, infrastructure ambition, and the growing reach of e-services. That makes Togo one of the more interesting digital-governance cases in West Africa, with so many visible core digital-governance questions.
Togo’s permanent mission to the UN in Geneva:
Togo’s Permanent Mission in Geneva represents the country at the UN Office at Geneva and other international organisations, including the WTO and related multilateral bodies. UN Geneva’s Blue Book lists it at Rue de Lausanne 67–69, 1202 Geneva, with the mission website recorded as ambassadedutogo.ch.
Here you can explore the country’s main digital strategies, laws, and regulations by simply asking the chatbot, which is designed to help you quickly find relevant documents and understand the country’s digital policy landscape.
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The UK’s digital agenda is framed by a trio of outward and inward-facing strategies: the UK Digital Strategy sets the domestic direction for growth, innovation and digital capability; the UK’s International Technology Strategy positions technology as part of foreign policy and global influence; and the Digital Development Strategy 2024–2030 extends that approach into development cooperation and inclusive digital transformation abroad. The country is one of the more advanced digital-government countries, ranking highly in international e-government assessments and investing in joined-up public services. Its Roadmap for Modern Digital Government links digital identity, AI, shared infrastructure, skills and service reform. The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 adds another layer, updating data governance, digital verification, smart data schemes and the role of the ICO.
UK’s Online Safety Act
With the Online Safety Act 2023, the UK has moved online safety from platform courtesy into public law. Ofcom’s rollout, especially the 2025 child-safety and age-assurance duties, requires many online services to assess risks, act against illegal content, and prevent children from accessing pornography and other harmful material. The Act also gives regulators a closer view of how platforms are designed: recommender systems, moderation practices, reporting tools, and user-protection mechanisms are no longer only matters of corporate policy. Legal and expert analysis, including Lewis Silkin’s review of content moderation under the Act and the Online Safety Act Network’s analysis of children’s duties, age verification and moderation, underlines that the UK is now regulating not only what platforms remove, but how they organise risk, visibility and user protection. Search services, forums, adult sites, messaging features and emerging AI-generated content may all fall within its orbit, depending on how users interact with them. Supporters see the law as a necessary answer to harms affecting children and vulnerable users, a view reflected in the government’s explanation of changes intended to keep children safer online and in civil-society support for stronger age checks, such as CARE’s response to the age-verification rollout. Critics, however, warn that age checks, automated moderation and compliance pressure may narrow privacy, anonymity and lawful expression. The Index on Censorship has raised free-expression concerns, while The Standard reported on privacy worries and the VPN backlash following age-verification duties.
AI policy follows the UK’s preferred approach of governing through regulators rather than a single grand statute. The AI Opportunities Action Plan pushes adoption, compute capacity, public-sector use and a National Data Library, while the AI Security Institute focuses on advanced AI risks and technical evaluation. All that gives the UK a dual approach: encouraging AI deployment while building stronger tools to test and understand frontier risks.
Connectivity and the digital economy remain central to the UK’s profile. Project Gigabit targets hard-to-reach broadband areas, while the UK Wireless Infrastructure Strategy covers 5G standalone, advanced wireless and future 6G. E-commerce is mature, online retail remains a large share of consumer activity, and the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 strengthens oversight of powerful digital firms, fake reviews, subscription traps and online consumer practices.
The result is a UK digital-governance model with a pragmatic, regulator-led approach that tries to keep innovation moving while giving public authorities sharper tools to manage risk, power and trust online.
United Kingdom’s Permanent Mission to the UN in Geneva:
The UK Mission to the WTO, UN and other international organisations in Geneva represents the United Kingdom in Geneva-based multilateral diplomatic bodies. The Mission works with states, observers, NGOs, faith groups and private-sector actors to ensure that UK interests and views are reflected in negotiations. It also describes the UK as a major supporter of the multilateral system in Geneva, with funding commitments of around £2 billion per year. The Mission is located at 5–7 Avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, and is headed by Kumar Iyer CMG, Ambassador and Permanent Representative.
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Here you can explore the country’s main digital strategies, laws, and regulations by simply asking the chatbot, which is designed to help you quickly find relevant documents and understand the country’s digital policy landscape.
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Ukraine has developed one of the most advanced digital governance systems in the world through its Diia platform, which integrates public services into a single digital ecosystem. This initiative allows citizens to access official documents, e-services, and administrative functions entirely online, making Ukraine a regional leader in e-government. The country has also implemented digital IDs and mobile-first governance solutions at a scale unmatched in Eastern Europe, positioning itself among the global frontrunners in digital public services.
In terms of infrastructure, Ukraine has achieved high levels of internet penetration, with coverage expanding even during wartime disruptions. Mobile internet, especially 4G, is widely available, and the government has been actively working on rolling out 5G in cooperation with international partners. The country also has a strong presence in the IT outsourcing sector, ranking among the top in Europe for the number of skilled IT professionals and software development exports. This sector contributes significantly to GDP and makes Ukraine a recognised regional hub for digital talent.
Ukraine has also invested in digital resilience and cybersecurity, particularly since 2014, when cyberattacks became a recurring challenge. Its national cybersecurity strategies and collaborations with the EU and NATO place it at the forefront of regional cyber defense efforts. Combined with a highly skilled workforce and strong digital entrepreneurship, Ukraine has established a profile as a country where digital innovation, governance, and resilience are progressing despite external pressures, often ranking above regional peers in digital government and IT services.
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Uzbekistan has made notable progress in e‑government. In 2024, the country rose to 63rd place in the United Nations E‑Government Development Index (EGDI), advancing from 69th in 2022 and exceeding the average for low- and middle-income countries (0.79 vs. 0.76). That same year, it attained a ‘very high’ EGDI classification and climbed 37 positions in the UN’s GovTech Maturity Index, entering the top ‘A’ tier.
Uzbekistan has robustly expanded its digital infrastructure and service delivery. Fixed broadband median speeds hit 79 Mbps and mobile speeds 38 Mbps by early 2025, reflecting strong growth rates +43% and +53% year-over-year, respectively. Significant investments in national infrastructure include the deployment of over 227,000 km of fibre-optic lines by 2023 and the introduction of 5G, VoLTE, and VoWi-Fi services.
Established in 2019, IT Park Uzbekistan serves as a central engine for the digital sector, providing infrastructure, overseas expansion channels, and incentives. By late 2024, it supported over 2,500 resident companies and helped boost IT exports, job creation, and startup activity across the country. Additionally, the Digital Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy sets the goal of becoming a leading regional IT hub, supported by investments in digital infrastructure, e‑services, and skills development.
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In terms of access and usage, Tanzania is a mobile-first digital economy, with mobile money serving as a standout indicator in Africa. GSMA and IFC / World Bank work show registered mobile-money accounts more than doubling from 26 to 53 million between 2019 and 2023, raising penetration from 46% to 83% and making Tanzania one of the most vibrant mobile-money markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. Such a digital setup supports widespread digital payments and informal e-commerce through social media, as reinforced by trends in the Bank of Tanzania’s 2023 national payment systems report.
Institutionally, Tanzania stands out in the region for implementing a comprehensive data-protection regime and for its early work on AI governance. The Personal Data Protection Act, 2022 and its implementing regulations (2023/2024) establish modern rules and a dedicated Personal Data Protection Commission. In parallel, Tanzania has completed a UNESCO-backed National AI Readiness Assessment and is developing a National AI Strategy and ethical AI guidelines, all of which are nested within a broader Digital Economy Strategic Framework for 2024–2034.
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