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Digital frontiers in trade logistics: Connectivity for tomorrow’s economy (UNCTAD)

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Full session report

Carlos Guevara

The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Committee on Trade Facilitation are working together to integrate digitalization into the trade facilitation process. This positive development recognizes digitalization as an essential aspect of trade facilitation. The efforts made by the WTO and the Committee on Trade Facilitation demonstrate their commitment to leveraging technology to enhance trade processes.

The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) has made significant contributions in promoting digital trade. Firstly, members conducted an exercise to categorise their provisions and requirements, gaining a better understanding of individual needs and challenges. Secondly, the Committee on Trade Facilitation established a platform for sharing experiences, facilitating knowledge transfer and best practices. Lastly, a matchmaking process was introduced to identify needs and provide appropriate support, ensuring resources are allocated efficiently.

Efforts are being made to streamline trade processes through digitalization. Members are developing single windows and implementing certifications, improving efficiency and reducing bureaucracy. Additionally, pre-arrival processing and expedited shipments are being prioritized, further enhancing trade processes. The positive sentiment towards these efforts signifies progress in digitalizing trade facilitation.

National Trade Facilitation Committees (NTFCs) play a crucial role in monitoring and implementing the Trade Facilitation Agreement. NTFCs allow for adjustments as circumstances change during implementation. Prioritization is key, as each member has different needs and challenges. Focusing resources on specific areas helps address these challenges effectively.

Efficient internal communication within NTFCs is important for identifying unique needs and challenges faced by each member. By reducing perception biases and ensuring robust internal analysis and communication, NTFCs can better understand their jurisdictions’ requirements. This enables them to provide effective support and assistance.

Strengthening ties between NTFCs and the Geneva mission is necessary to improve information dissemination. The WTO’s Committee on Trade Facilitation possesses a wealth of information that could benefit NTFCs. Enhancing communication between the two parties will foster greater cooperation and collaboration.

Building trust is a crucial factor in trade facilitation. Reliability plays a significant role in establishing trust, and adherence to harmonization and good practices fosters trust among trading partners. Prioritizing harmonization and following best practices creates a predictable and trustworthy trading environment.

In conclusion, integrating digitalization into trade facilitation processes has positive implications for enhancing efficiency and streamlining trade procedures. The Trade Facilitation Agreement, along with the efforts of the WTO, the Committee on Trade Facilitation, and National Trade Facilitation Committees, contribute significantly to digital trade. Enhancing ties between NTFCs and the Geneva mission and improving communication within NTFCs are essential for effective implementation. Trust is a vital component of trade facilitation, and adhering to harmonization and good practices fosters trust among trading partners.

Paul Donohoe

The postal industry has transitioned from being solely a communication support network to becoming a trade facilitation enabling network. This shift has brought numerous benefits to communities and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). With over 660,000 post offices worldwide, the postal network plays a vital role in supporting these entities. The positive sentiment towards this transformation suggests that it has successfully met the needs of businesses and citizens, contributing to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

In the realm of digital trade, the collection and sharing of data are of paramount importance. The Universal Postal Union (UPU) has implemented initiatives to enhance the performance and capability of the postal network, including seamless information exchange between operators and the introduction of a project for electronic advance data. This positive sentiment towards data collection and sharing highlights its critical role in promoting efficient and effective digital trade, aligned with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

The adoption of digital solutions in the postal industry has led to a remarkable 20% improvement in end-to-end delivery times over the past three years. This improvement can be attributed to the use of the UPU data sharing network, enabling real-time information sharing among postal operators. The successful adoption of digital solutions has undoubtedly streamlined processes and enhanced overall efficiency, contributing to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

Innovation has played a crucial role in the postal industry’s development. The UPU organized an innovation event that brought together various stakeholders such as students, academia, and the private sector. Through the analysis of postal data, new possibilities for improving the supply chain have been discovered, demonstrating the positive sentiment towards innovative approaches and the industry’s commitment to leveraging data for continuous improvement, aligning with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a valuable tool for enhancing data quality, analysis, and predictability in digital trade. AI enables the identification of patterns and predicts future outcomes, promoting predictability in delivery times. This observation underscores the potential of AI in addressing challenges and enhancing the efficiency of digital trade processes, contributing to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

Investment in postal office infrastructure is crucial for developing nations, especially considering the lack of internet connectivity in over 100,000 post offices in impoverished regions. Addressing this issue is vital, as it hampers the ability of these nations to fully participate in the digital trade landscape, aligned with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

The adoption of available technology solutions and the creation of a conducive environment for their implementation are essential for the progress of the postal industry. While technology solutions themselves are not the problem, ensuring their effective adoption and creating an enabling environment play a significant role in leveraging their benefits fully.

Skills development for postal workers is crucial for enabling the interconnection of MSMEs and other stakeholders. Post offices serve as vital human contact points for small businesses, emphasizing the importance of improving the skills of postal workers to effectively support their needs, contributing to SDG 4: Quality Education.

Recognizing the need to address the lack of internet connectivity in many post offices, the UPU has launched a connectivity initiative. This initiative aims to connect all post offices to the internet, allowing them to take full advantage of the benefits of digital trade, contributing to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

Improving data quality tools, mobile technology, and automation is an area that requires attention. Emphasis on compliance and capacity-building programs is necessary to ensure accurate data submission. Additionally, the use of AI and advanced tools can enhance data quality and promote higher reliability. These observations further underscore the importance of continuous improvement in data-related aspects of the postal industry, aligned with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

Lastly, the goal of achieving automation and paperless trade through the implementation of systems is optimistic. The move towards automating processes and reducing paper usage aligns with the objective of responsible consumption and production, contributing to SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.

In conclusion, the postal industry’s transformation into a trade facilitation enabling network has brought numerous benefits for communities and MSMEs. Data collection and sharing, adoption of digital solutions, innovation, AI utilization, investment in infrastructure, technology adoption, skills development, connectivity initiatives, data quality improvements, and automation are pivotal aspects driving the industry’s growth and evolution. The positive sentiment towards these developments demonstrates the industry’s commitment to enhancing efficiency, inclusivity, and sustainability in the digital trade landscape, aligning with multiple SDGs.

Adrian P. Swarres

The Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) is actively pursuing digital transformation as part of its strategic plan for the period from 2021 to 2025. The main objectives of this transformation include strengthening the institutional image, maximizing revenue collection, and enhancing trade facilitation. ZIMRA has been working in partnership with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) since 1991 to upgrade its systems, and they have planned the latest upgrade for 2024.

To support their digital transformation efforts, ZIMRA has developed several functional modules in collaboration with UNCTAD and through in-house developments. These modules have been instrumental in integrating various platforms to ensure seamless service to clients. One notable example is the integration of the Scudo World platform with the domestic taxes platform, electronic cargo tracking system, central bank, local banking system, and vehicle registration unit. This integration enables ZIMRA to provide more efficient and streamlined services to its clients.

The digital transformation of ZIMRA is an ongoing process and is considered crucial for efficient service delivery. Currently, the Authority has achieved about 90% automation in its customs clearance processes, eliminating the need for manual interventions and streamlining the clearance procedures. Efforts are also being made to move away from paper-based clearance methodologies, with a focus on digital solutions and technology-driven processes.

Overall, the journey towards digital transformation is seen as vital for ZIMRA to achieve its strategic objectives. The efforts made in upgrading systems, developing functional modules, and integrating platforms have positively impacted the Authority’s ability to provide efficient services to clients. With continued investment in digital technologies, ZIMRA aims to enhance revenue collection, facilitate trade, and improve its overall institutional image.

Shamika N. Sirimanne

The discussion focuses on the digital advancements in trade logistics, which have a positive impact on global trade and transport connectivity. These advancements aim to improve efficiency, transparency, and overall effectiveness in the movement of goods and information across the supply chain. The argument is that the digital frontiers, such as advancements in digital tools and connectivity, are shaping the future of transport and trade facilitation.

However, logistics remains the weakest link and the main difficulty in engaging in cross-border e-commerce. This is highlighted by the fact that out of 40 e-trade readiness assessments conducted by UNCTAD, logistics is identified as the main stumbling block. Issues related to logistics prevent cross-border e-commerce and result in missed opportunities in export markets. It is clear that addressing logistics challenges is crucial for the growth and development of e-commerce.

The importance of digital platforms and technology in enhancing global trade logistics is also emphasized. Emerging technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence have transformed supply chains and are seen as catalysts for a more inclusive, sustainable, and interconnected global economy.

The role of postal services, especially in developing countries, is highlighted as crucial for e-commerce. In these countries, e-commerce often involves small parcels that can overwhelm post offices. The Universal Postal Union (UPU) is recognized as a vital partner in addressing this issue and facilitating e-commerce in developing countries.

The first global supply chain forum, organized jointly with the government of Barbados, aims to address supply chain challenges. These challenges include sustainable and resilient transport and logistics, digitalization, and transport connectivity. This forum is seen as an important platform to discuss and find solutions to these challenges.

The importance of trade facilitation and effective handling of logistics for e-commerce and the digital economy is emphasized. The panel discussion includes Carlos Guevara, the Chair of the WTO Committee on Trade Facilitation, and Stephen Pope of DHL Group, who has assisted countries with cross-border e-commerce. This highlights the recognition of the critical role logistics plays in ensuring smooth trade operations in the digital age.

Measurement of e-commerce and the digital economy is seen as important for policymaking. Currently, the size and impact of e-commerce and the digital economy are not fully understood due to a lack of concrete measurements. This lack of measurement creates difficulties in formulating effective policies and strategies.

The sharing of experiences and knowledge is considered crucial for a globally integrated digital economy and provides opportunities for trade. It is stressed that e-commerce measurements need to be shared across the world for better integration. Strong knowledge sharing can help everyone rise and open up opportunities for trade.

Connectivity and skills development are identified as key prerequisites for digital trade. It is noted that ICT infrastructure is no longer a luxury but a critical infrastructure for digital trade. However, many post offices in developing countries still lack internet connectivity, which hinders their participation in the digital world.

Overall, the analysis highlights the importance of digital advancements and effective logistics in shaping the future of global trade and transport connectivity. It underscores the challenges faced in cross-border e-commerce due to logistical issues and emphasizes the crucial role of postal services, especially in developing countries. The need for measurement and sharing of experiences in e-commerce and the digital economy is emphasized. Lastly, the significance of connectivity and skills development in enabling digital trade is acknowledged, while also recognizing the digital divide that can leave countries and continents behind.

Steven Pope

The World Chamber has developed a comprehensive strategy for the years 2023-2025, with a primary focus on narrowing the digital gap and promoting knowledge and learning in the field of e-commerce. This strategy aims to ensure that businesses across the globe can benefit from the opportunities that digitalization and online platforms offer. By narrowing the digital gap, the World Chamber is striving to create a level playing field where businesses of all sizes and from all regions can compete and thrive.

To achieve this goal, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has taken up the task of standardising data in the supply chain through its Digital Standards Initiative. This initiative, based in Singapore and supported by the government of Singapore and the Asian Development Bank, aims to establish a set of standardised data protocols that can be accessible to all players in the supply chain. By ensuring that data is standardised and available for the right purposes, the ICC aims to streamline international trade and eliminate potential barriers caused by different data formats and systems.

In order to enhance the digital skills of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the ASEAN region, the ICC, International Trade Centre (ITC), and Google have joined forces to provide a learning journey for approximately 1,000 SMEs. This partnership recognises the increasing importance of digital skills in accessing and expanding into the global market. With 75% of companies in the region requiring training on how to navigate the digital landscape, this initiative can help bridge the skills gap and empower SMEs to leverage e-commerce opportunities effectively.

DHL, the world’s largest logistics company, has introduced GoTrade to facilitate trade, particularly in developing and least developed economies, during the COVID-19 pandemic. GoTrade has two primary focuses: trade advocacy and knowledge management. By advocating for trade and promoting knowledge sharing, DHL aims to support economic growth and recovery in countries that have been heavily affected by the pandemic. The wide reach and presence of DHL across the globe make it a valuable facilitator of international trade.

Furthermore, DHL offers extensive training programmes for SMEs to equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills to capitalise on global market opportunities. Over the course of three years, more than 5,000 SMEs worldwide have benefited from these programmes, which cover crucial areas like customs, borders, compliance, and understanding market dynamics. This training is designed to empower SMEs and enable them to expand their reach and compete effectively on the international stage.

Additionally, DHL runs a fellowship programme in collaboration with business schools, where MBA students provide assistance to SMEs in running their businesses. This unique initiative allows MBA students to apply their theoretical learning in a practical environment, while SMEs gain access to expertise and insights they may not typically have the resources to afford. The programme fosters long-term relationships between the MBA students and SMEs, often extending beyond the initial year of the fellowship.

DHL also aims to automate and promote paperless trade through its platforms. By embracing automation and advocating for paperless trade, DHL envisions a more efficient and environmentally friendly global trade system. Through the GoTrade DHL platform, along with the support of global business schools, interested parties can easily get involved in these initiatives by contacting regional CEOs and senior leaders.

In conclusion, the various initiatives and partnerships undertaken by the World Chamber, ICC, ITC, Google, and DHL highlight the importance of closing the digital gap, standardising data, and equipping SMEs with the necessary skills and knowledge to thrive in the digital economy. These efforts have the potential to promote inclusive economic growth, enhance global trade, and foster sustainable development. The engagement of various stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and educational institutions, is crucial for the successful implementation of these initiatives. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, it is imperative to ensure that all businesses have equal access to opportunities and resources in the digital age.

Eiman bin Habbas Al-Mutairi

Saudi Arabia has invested a substantial $25 billion in digital infrastructure over six years, demonstrating its commitment to developing its digital economy. This investment has focused on building large-scale data centers and cloud infrastructure to support the private sector. The positive sentiment surrounding these investments highlights Saudi Arabia’s dedication to enhancing its digital capabilities. These efforts are aligned with Vision 2030, the country’s development plan, which aims to transform sectors including digital and e-commerce, create 300,000 jobs, and diversify the economy away from oil and gas. However, measurement and consensus on e-commerce and digital economy definitions are needed for effective management and assessment. Eiman bin Habbas Al-Mutairi emphasizes the importance of broader strategies for the digital economy, including regulatory frameworks and skill development. Efforts in logistics and customs clearances have facilitated e-commerce growth, while international collaboration and private sector involvement are seen as crucial for progress. Effective data analysis and management are key for operational efficiency. Saudi Arabia’s ambition to diversify its economy towards IT, digital economy, and artificial intelligence is backed by strong leadership and training programs. The country aims to be a leader in the digital field by leveraging its digital infrastructure and fostering international cooperation.

Audience

The analysis covers a range of topics, including automating governmental systems through a single window approach, trade facilitation, regional collaboration, and technological advancement. The speakers express a positive sentiment towards the vision of automating governmental systems through a single window, with the Secretary-General promising to open this window. They also discuss the importance of data accuracy and timely availability in end-to-end delivery, highlighting the transition of postal networks into trade facilitators. The significance of collaboration between Saudi Arabia and other MENA region countries is emphasised, with a call for Saudi Arabia to not develop in isolation. The audience agrees with Saudi Arabia’s leapfrogging in technological advancement, and Peter Major commends the panel and the quality of information shared. Overall, the analysis underscores the importance of innovation, collaboration, and effective data management in driving progress in various sectors.

Pedro Manuel Moreno

The emergence of ground-breaking technologies such as blockchain, automated customs systems, digital platforms, and artificial intelligence has brought about a seismic shift in the way supply chains operate. These technologies have revolutionised supply chains by introducing unprecedented levels of efficiency, transparency, and interconnectedness.

UNCTAD, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, has played a pivotal role in harnessing the power of these emerging technologies to transform supply chain processes. Their largest technical assistance programme, known as ASICUDA, offers digital solutions that automate customs procedures. By leveraging cutting-edge technology, UNCTAD aims to streamline customs processes and reduce bureaucratic inefficiencies.

Furthermore, UNCTAD has embarked on a groundbreaking project that utilises blockchain technology to simplify import, export, and transit procedures. Blockchain, with its decentralised and immutable nature, enables secure and tamper-proof recording of transactions. By implementing blockchain in supply chain operations, UNCTAD seeks to facilitate faster and more secure movement of goods across borders.

In addition to these technological advancements, the need for a collaborative platform to address various challenges faced by supply chains has become apparent. The first global supply chain forum, set to take place in Barbados in May 2024, aims to facilitate meaningful discussions and collaborations among industry experts, policymakers, and stakeholders. The forum is financially supported by the government of Saudi Arabia, highlighting the global recognition of the importance of addressing supply chain challenges.

The forum will focus on key areas such as sustainable and resilient transport and logistics, trade facilitation, digitalisation, transport connectivity, and transport costs. Moreover, it will also address critical issues surrounding food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and preparing developing countries for the energy transition in international transport. By bringing together diverse perspectives and expertise, the forum aims to find comprehensive and sustainable solutions to these pressing challenges.

In conclusion, the rapid progression of emerging technologies has transformed supply chains by enhancing efficiency, transparency, and interconnectedness. UNCTAD’s efforts in adopting these technologies, through programmes like ASICUDA and the implementation of blockchain, demonstrate their commitment to revolutionising supply chain processes. Additionally, the upcoming global supply chain forum in Barbados signifies the recognition of the need for collaboration and comprehensive solutions to address the challenges faced by supply chains. By harnessing the power of technology and fostering international cooperation, the future of supply chains looks promising.

Speakers

AP

Adrian P. Swarres

Speech speed

144 words per minute

Speech length

957 words

Speech time

398 secs

A

Audience

Speech speed

218 words per minute

Speech length

366 words

Speech time

101 secs

CG

Carlos Guevara

Speech speed

214 words per minute

Speech length

1421 words

Speech time

399 secs

EB

Eiman bin Habbas Al-Mutairi

Speech speed

242 words per minute

Speech length

4301 words

Speech time

1067 secs

PD

Paul Donohoe

Speech speed

160 words per minute

Speech length

1586 words

Speech time

594 secs

PM

Pedro Manuel Moreno

Speech speed

152 words per minute

Speech length

578 words

Speech time

228 secs

SN

Shamika N. Sirimanne

Speech speed

167 words per minute

Speech length

3012 words

Speech time

1080 secs

SP

Steven Pope

Speech speed

225 words per minute

Speech length

2692 words

Speech time

718 secs

Data localisation, what is it and what are its potential implications? (JAPAN)

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Full session report

Gareth Tan

Data localization has become a major concern for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Southeast Asia. Recent cybersecurity mandates, like Indonesia’s amendment of GR71, requiring storing personal identifiable information in government data centers, have posed challenges for SMEs. These challenges include increased compliance costs, due diligence obligations, and restricted access to digital tools. Consequently, the sentiment around data localization is mostly negative.

To address SME concerns, policymakers need to engage with them to understand their limitations and worries regarding data localization. SMEs do not seek to avoid regulations but require advance notice and consultation during the regulation-making process. The withdrawal of a draft executive order on data localization in the Philippines highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement and consultation.

Transparency and certainty are crucial for effective business planning and sustainability. Abrupt policy changes can harm businesses, including SMEs. Therefore, greater transparency in the regulatory process and clear guidance for businesses are needed.

Improvements in the consultation process, particularly for SMEs, are necessary. Limited response time and abrupt consultations hinder SMEs from providing valuable input. Southeast Asian governments have room for improvement, ensuring SMEs have sufficient time and resources for effective participation.

Data localization requirements burden SMEs with compliance costs and shrink profit margins. Even if it is just a copy stored locally, it still adds to the compliance burden. SMEs have to allocate additional resources to comply, impacting their profitability.

In conclusion, data localization has significant implications for SMEs in Southeast Asia. Policymakers must engage with SMEs to understand their concerns. Transparency, certainty, and improved consultation processes are necessary. However, the compliance burden on SMEs should be acknowledged. Considering these aspects will facilitate a smoother transition to data localization and better support SMEs in the digital age.

Javier Lopez Gonzalez

Data localization measures, which require data to be stored and processed within a country’s borders, have been implemented in various sectors, including finance, public services, telecommunications, and cloud computing. However, only 32% of these measures apply in a cross-cutting manner. The impact of data localization measures is debated, with proponents arguing that they can promote domestic innovation, privacy protection, and data security. However, businesses are skeptical about these benefits. It is worth noting that the most restrictive form of data localization measures is evolving rapidly. On the other hand, there are concerns about the negative consequences of these measures. Operational costs can increase due to local storage requirements, and data localization can pose risks to cybersecurity and data resilience. To strike a balance between data localization and the free flow of data, policymakers should carefully consider the policy objectives they aim to achieve. Trade agreements play a crucial role in addressing data localization while maintaining open markets. Alternative solutions, such as federated learning and digital economy agreements, can promote greater data sharing without compromising privacy. Overall, data localization measures require thoughtful implementation, taking into account various factors and considerations.

Audience

During the discussion, several key points regarding data localization, data flows, and data privacy in trade agreements were explored. One argument focused on the potential risks of including language pertaining to data localization and data flows in trade agreements. It was highlighted that such language could exacerbate power imbalances between countries. The complexity and lack of understanding surrounding data issues were also cited as contributing factors. To illustrate this point, the example of disproportionate agricultural subsidies was given, demonstrating how complexity often works against less powerful countries.

On the other hand, there was a call for more nuanced regulation of data and its flow. It was emphasised that different types of data have different imperatives, necessitating a more nuanced understanding of how data should be regulated. The evolving dialogue towards this more nuanced understanding was highlighted as a positive development.

Concerns were raised about the lack of transparency and enforcement in terms of data use. It was stated that regulations and policies in place are not efficient enough, and data handling often remains unknown until there is a data breach or whistleblower interference. The recent example of the Information Commissioner’s Office in the UK attempting to fine Clearview AI over a breach of GDPR was mentioned as evidence of this problem.

The necessity for improvement in the transparency of data treatment was also highlighted. The issue of accountability, as mentioned by one of the speakers, was emphasised, as well as the problem of breaches occurring in another jurisdiction.

Furthermore, challenges in terms of cross-border enforcement and consumer redress were raised. There was a specific mention of a case where local courts ruled that the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) did not have jurisdiction over a breach because the data had been used in a third territory.

The discussion also touched on the need for more discussions with technologists to ensure the enabling of data flows of non-private data. Although privacy-enhancing technologies were acknowledged as a starting point, there was a call for more comprehensive security measures over data transfers, which could involve technological inputs.

One speaker disputed the notion that only the most extreme forms of data localisation are targeted by trade rules. It was suggested that all categories of data localisation could potentially be deemed illegal under certain trade rule proposals and models. This raised concerns about privacy infringement.

The power dynamics in digital trade negotiations were highlighted as having the potential to disadvantage certain countries, particularly those in the Global South. Despite knowing the value they bring to the negotiation table, other factors may still place them at a disadvantage. The example of Kenya was cited, where pressure is being exerted to change laws to allow free flows of health data, despite the country’s existing law allowing for data localisation in the health sector.

The importance of considering technological development in trade negotiations was underscored. It was noted that as the economy shifts to a digital economy, more small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are likely to become digital SMEs. In order for these SMEs to innovate and scale, diverse digital technology needs to be taken into account in negotiations.

Lastly, the necessity of incorporating a “necessity test” for language on legitimate public policy (LPP) or language in the Trade in Pharmaceutical Products (TPTP) context was emphasised. This point was raised as a common question from members.

In conclusion, the discussion highlighted the various complexities and challenges surrounding data localisation, data flows, and data privacy in trade agreements. While there were arguments for the regulation of data and nuanced understanding, there were also concerns about transparency, enforcement, and the potential infringement upon privacy. The power dynamics in digital trade negotiations and the importance of considering technological development were also acknowledged. The need for improvement in mechanisms for transparency, enforcement, and consumer redress was emphasised, as well as the consideration of different stages of countries in trade negotiations. Overall, the discussion underscored the importance of finding a balance between promoting data flows and protecting data privacy in trade agreements.

Wataru AIKAWA

Data localisation is a complex and contentious issue in digital policy-making, with numerous debates and policy discussions surrounding it. The panel on this topic consists of experts from various backgrounds, including international organisations, industry associations, tech companies, and policymakers. This diverse group of participants brings together different perspectives and expertise to address the challenges of data localisation.

The necessity test of data flow or data localisation requirements is a crucial component of negotiations. This test helps determine whether data should be allowed to flow freely across borders or whether it should be stored and processed locally. Understanding the positions of those advocating for strong policy space, such as privacy, is vital in shaping effective data localisation regulations.

There is a variety of data localisation requirements, ranging from mandating data to be stored solely in a specific country to requiring a copy of the data to be stored in multiple countries. The implementation of these requirements should be clear, objective, and transparent to ensure compliance and avoid misunderstandings.

The choice of data localisation measures depends on the policy objective. Some measures aim to restrict access to data from other governments, while others seek to ensure that the government has access to its own data. Identifying the policy objective is crucial in determining the appropriate approach.

Several factors need to be considered when discussing data localisation, including security interests and economic benefits. It is essential to evaluate these factors from both domestic and international perspectives to create effective and efficient regulations.

Trade agreements also play a role in addressing data localisation issues. While there are both value and limitations in including data localisation provisions in trade agreements, collaboration is necessary to find the best approach and deal with specific challenges.

In conclusion, data localisation is a complex and important topic in digital policy-making. It requires careful consideration of various factors, including policy objectives, security interests, economic benefits, and international collaboration. Clear and transparent regulations, based on empirical research and understanding of different viewpoints, are necessary to address the challenges posed by data localisation.

Hadri Sopri

Data plays a crucial role in the digital economy as it enables the seamless flow of information, leading to greater efficiency and economic gains. The availability of data allows businesses to achieve economies of scale and optimize their operations. Furthermore, data gains significant value when it is applied to solve specific problems. By leveraging data, companies can develop new products, business models, and industries, contributing to the growth and innovation of the digital economy.

Cloud computing is another important aspect of the digital economy as it can democratize access to technology. Through the cloud, companies can have access to essential tools and data needed to leverage technologies like artificial intelligence (AI). This accessibility promotes inclusivity and reduces inequalities, allowing businesses of all sizes to harness the potential of advanced technologies.

However, the practice of data localization can pose challenges to the digital economy. Data localization refers to the requirement for data to be stored within a specific geographic location. While this measure aims to protect data and prevent vulnerabilities in IT systems, it can undermine cybersecurity. Data localization prevents the sharing of data across borders, limiting the ability to detect and prevent cyberattacks. Moreover, it undermines best practices like sharding, which distribute data across multiple locations to enhance security and resilience.

Trust and understanding of new technologies are essential factors in implementing data localization measures. Many barriers to the flow of data are driven by a lack of digital trust and understanding of new technologies. Measures put in place to regulate data flows are often not fit for purpose and can hinder policy objectives. Therefore, building trust and promoting digital literacy are crucial in developing effective data localization strategies.

Instead of restricting data flows through measures like data localization, it is important to promote accountability and implement high data protection standards. This approach ensures that data can flow securely and be trusted by users and businesses. It is essential that these measures meet policy objectives, are interoperable, and do not impose undue costs on businesses. By prioritizing security and data protection, the digital economy can thrive while maintaining the necessary safeguards.

When it comes to trade policy and agreements, it is important to consider the diverse priorities and circumstances of different countries. Larger countries with existing infrastructure may have different calculations when it comes to the cost and benefits of data localization compared to smaller countries. Trade negotiations should be based on consultation processes that involve stakeholders and increase awareness of the rules associated with entering new markets. This certainty provided by trade rules enables businesses to plan and make entries into new markets, stimulating economic growth.

Flexibility in data localization rules is necessary to accommodate the specific needs and circumstances of each country. The implementation of data localization should take into account the potential benefits it can bring, such as enabling exports of digital industries. It is essential for countries to gather all necessary input before entering negotiations and ensure that the safeguards in place are suitable and effective. It is worth noting that big companies may not be significantly impacted by data localization, while smaller businesses can benefit by lowering their costs and entering new markets.

Digital agreements are crucial for technological cooperation and interoperability. Countries like Singapore and Australia have pioneered digital agreements that go beyond just setting rules. These agreements also facilitate cooperation and interoperability in using new technologies. Promoting interoperability allows different systems and technologies to work together seamlessly, enhancing the scalability and efficiency of digital processes.

Lastly, there is a growing appetite for new technologies and trade agreements. In the ASEAN region, digital payments have gained significant traction, and a few countries have collaborated on developing interoperable QR codes, which have proven to be successful pilots for new technologies. This demonstrates the willingness of countries to embrace innovation and explore opportunities for collaboration in the digital economy.

In conclusion, data is the lifeblood of the digital economy, driving efficiency, innovation, and economic gains. While data localization may have potential drawbacks, promoting accountability and high data protection standards can ensure secure and trusted data flows. Trade policy should take into account the diverse priorities and circumstances of different countries, with consultation processes leading to better trade negotiations and market entries. Flexibility in data localization rules is crucial, and digital agreements facilitate technological cooperation and interoperability. The appetite for new technologies and trade agreements is growing, as demonstrated by the success of digital payments and QR code technology in the ASEAN region.

Amy Stuart

Transparency is crucial in the implementation of new policies and regulations, especially in sectors like government services, finance, and healthcare that deal with sensitive data. It is important to ensure that these sectors have the necessary policy space for securely storing and managing data. Developing countries, in their pursuit of digital advancements, may impose data localization requirements, meaning that data generated within their borders must be stored locally.

Australia is a country that respects data localization measures. They hold childcare and healthcare records locally, demonstrating their commitment to protecting sensitive information. Additionally, Australia focuses on minimizing barriers that hinder global trading by adopting rules on data localization to enhance trade.

Australia values both non-binding norms and principles as well as binding rules. They have negotiated with countries like Singapore and the European Union to find common ground and achieve flexible and cooperative policy development.

Feedback loops are essential in the policy-making process. Australia emphasizes the importance of receiving input and learning from experiences to improve. Their investment approvals process has evolved to provide more opportunities for front-end planners to present their data management plans based on feedback.

Contrary to concerns, data localization measures have not significantly hindered the U.S. big tech economy, which holds two-thirds of the internet’s market cap. These companies have effectively navigated the complex bureaucratic requirements in different countries with the help of their resources, including ex-diplomats and trade officials.

In trade negotiations, Australia advocates for equality and engages in talks at the World Trade Organization (WTO) to address issues such as unfair agricultural subsidies. They are committed to achieving fair and equitable trade agreements.

Consumer protection is another priority for Australia. They are working on rules to combat deceptive online activities and improve the transparency of goods sold on the internet. Their ambitious consumer protection initiatives aim to enhance the overall online shopping experience and address concerns about misleading practices.

Trade rules often target severe data localization measures, but it is important to consider non-conforming measures (NCMs) that allow significant policy space in areas such as health, education, and investment screening. By taking these measures into account, trade rules can strike a balance between data localization concerns and broader public policy objectives.

Power dynamics in trade negotiations are changing, with developing countries representing over two-thirds of the members involved in negotiating digital rules at the WTO. This shift highlights the need to consider a broader range of perspectives and priorities in trade discussions.

Lastly, persistence and ongoing engagement are crucial in the negotiation process to achieve visible outcomes. Group dynamics in negotiations provide more opportunities and a better understanding of different policy dimensions.

In conclusion, transparency, respect for data localization measures, minimizing trade barriers, and a commitment to equality and consumer protection are key aspects of Australia’s approach. By embracing both binding rules and non-binding norms, and actively seeking feedback and input, Australia strives for effective and well-rounded policy-making in the global context.

Speakers

AS

Amy Stuart

Speech speed

180 words per minute

Speech length

2728 words

Speech time

910 secs

A

Audience

Speech speed

199 words per minute

Speech length

2302 words

Speech time

694 secs

GT

Gareth Tan

Speech speed

184 words per minute

Speech length

1890 words

Speech time

618 secs

HS

Hadri Sopri

Speech speed

205 words per minute

Speech length

3000 words

Speech time

878 secs

JL

Javier Lopez Gonzalez

Speech speed

214 words per minute

Speech length

2964 words

Speech time

831 secs

WA

Wataru AIKAWA

Speech speed

119 words per minute

Speech length

3296 words

Speech time

1660 secs

Digital Economy Development and Governance in China (Beijing Institute of Technology)

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

Knowledge Graph of Debate

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Full session report

LIANG Hong

China’s digital economy is experiencing rapid growth, cementing its position as the second largest in the world. In 2022, the scale of China’s digital economy reached an impressive 50.2 trillion RMB yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 10.3%. Furthermore, China’s digital economy now contributes 41.5% of the world’s GDP, highlighting its significant global impact.

Recognizing the importance of openness and cooperation, China and more than 10 countries have initiated the One Belt, One Road Digital Economy International Cooperation Summit. This emphasises the role of collaboration in advancing the global digital economy.

The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has actively promoted global digital economy cooperation through various initiatives, including e-commerce and digital economy technical cooperation projects, digital economy week activities, and expert meetings. China acknowledges the OPCW’s efforts and expresses its willingness to deepen cooperation.

The successful forum held by the Polytechnic University exemplifies effective collaboration between e-commerce, the digital economy, and the Long-Term Investment Group. This event strengthens ties between the Chinese academic community and international digital economy organizations. The Long-Term Investment Group acts as a bridge, facilitating exchange and dialogue between stakeholders.

In summary, China’s digital economy has experienced significant growth and contributes significantly to global GDP. The emphasis on openness and cooperation, demonstrated through initiatives like the One Belt, One Road Digital Economy International Cooperation Summit, highlights the importance of collaboration in the digital economy’s development. The OPCW’s efforts in promoting cooperation and the successful partnership between the Polytechnic University and the Long-Term Investment Group further exemplify effective collaboration in driving the digital economy forward.

JIANG Guangzhi

Offline transactions refer to traditional physical purchase methods, where consumers have to physically visit a restaurant or establishment to buy food. On the other hand, online transactions have revolutionized the way consumers can purchase food by allowing them to do so through online platforms. This evolution from offline to online transactions is seen in a positive light, highlighting the convenience and efficiency it brings to consumers.

The positive stance towards the evolution of offline transactions to online systems suggests that people are embracing the convenience and accessibility provided by online platforms. With online transactions, consumers can now conveniently browse through menus, place orders, and make payments from the comfort of their own homes. This eliminates the need for physical travel and saves time and effort for consumers.

The availability of online platforms also allows for greater choice and variety for consumers. They can explore a wider range of restaurants and food options, browsing through different menus and reviews to make informed choices. This increased competition among restaurants also promotes innovation and improvement in their menus and services, further enhancing the overall consumer experience.

Moreover, the shift towards online transactions aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. This sustainable development goal encourages the promotion of inclusive and sustainable industrialisation, innovation, and the development of robust infrastructure. The evolution from offline to online transactions plays a part in achieving this goal by utilising technology and digital platforms to improve the efficiency and accessibility of the food purchasing process.

While the positive stance towards the evolution of offline transactions is notable, it is important to recognise that offline transactions still hold significance in certain contexts. Some consumers may prefer the traditional method of physically visiting a restaurant to enjoy the experience, ambiance, and social interactions associated with dining out. Additionally, offline transactions may provide employment opportunities for individuals within the restaurant industry.

In conclusion, the evolution from offline to online transactions in the context of purchasing food has garnered a positive reception, as it offers consumers convenience, choice, and efficiency. This shift aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure and promotes the use of technology and digital platforms to enhance the overall consumer experience. However, it is necessary to acknowledge that offline transactions still hold value in certain situations and can provide unique social and employment aspects.

SUN Jungong

China’s digital economy has emerged as a crucial factor for economic development. It has demonstrated impressive resilience, maintaining high levels of steady growth even during natural disasters and pandemics. This resilience has been attributed to the strong vitality and motivation of the digital economy, which continued to generate significant growth even in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The digital economy’s contribution to China’s GDP has been consistently rising. Despite challenges posed by epidemics, the digital economy has made a significant and growing contribution to the country’s GDP from 2017 to 2022. This shows its importance as a driver of economic growth, even during epidemic years.

The digital economy has also enabled fair competition between small and large enterprises. Through digital platforms, small enterprises can now compete on an equal footing with larger ones. This has important implications for reducing inequalities and fostering a more dynamic business environment.

Youth participation in e-commerce has significantly increased due to the digital economy. Platforms like Tianmeng International have seen a surge in young buyers, with 50% of buyers on the platform belonging to the 90s generation. This trend highlights the growing consumption potential of the digital economy, with more young people actively participating in online shopping and driving growth.

Moreover, the digital economy has played a crucial role in promoting China’s globalization. Tianmeng International, a Chinese platform, has attracted over 46,000 platforms from more than 90 countries and regions. Additionally, more than 2,000 online brands have chosen Tianmeng International to launch their first store in China, indicating the increasing influence of the digital economy on global trade dynamics.

However, the diversification of social groups and value orientations resulting from the digital economy have also led to potential conflicts and disputes. Effective social governance mechanisms are thus needed to address these challenges and maintain social stability.

The rapid advancement of technology associated with the digital economy has brought about a significant transformation in traditional governance systems. This challenges conventional understanding and acceptance of established governance systems, calling for the development of new approaches that align with the changing landscape of the digital economy.

In conclusion, China’s digital economy is vital for economic development, demonstrating resilience and making significant contributions to GDP even in challenging times. It empowers small enterprises, attracts young participants, promotes globalization, and leads to innovations in consumer decision-making systems. However, its rapid growth also poses challenges related to social conflicts and the need for adapted governance systems. Efforts to achieve trade reform and establish new trade rules reflect the recognition of the transformative impact of the digital economy and the desire to foster a fair and inclusive business environment.

Alex Kunzelmann

The organisation has been focusing on electronic transactions and electronic commerce for the past 30 years, particularly with the advancements in technology. This shows their commitment to staying up-to-date with the current trends and developments in this field. The technological advancements have played a significant role in shaping the landscape of electronic commerce. The organisation recognises the complexity of electronic transactions, which can refer to different aspects such as the conclusion of contracts, communications between parties, delivery of digital content, and the digitalization of upstream processes.

To accurately measure the impact of the digital economy, ANCETRO, a component of the organisation, is working on developing metrics. However, it is important to note that ANCETRO does not develop its own metrics for the digital economy but instead looks to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) for those metrics. This collaboration with UNCTAD reflects the organisation’s commitment to working together with other entities to achieve their goals.

Concerns exist about the existing legal framework for electronic transactions, as the emergence of digital platforms has questioned the relevance of the current commercial law system. The organisation stresses the need to regulate these platforms and monitor the operators, particularly from a business-to-business perspective. They are interested in any legislation that applies to regulating platform operators, as it is crucial for ensuring fair and efficient transactions in the digital economy.

Furthermore, the organisation has a positive outlook on the ongoing collaboration between UNCTAD and China. A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed between the Ministry of Commerce of China and UNCTAD, indicating a strong partnership between the two. China, being a member state of UNCTAD, has been instrumental in sharing its digital developments and legislation, which has greatly contributed to the development of new texts in this field.

In conclusion, the organisation has dedicated significant attention to electronic transactions and electronic commerce, especially in light of the current technological advancements. They have collaborated with UNCTAD and China to develop metrics for the digital economy and learn from their digital developments and legislation. However, the existing legal framework for electronic transactions faces challenges due to the evolution towards digital platforms. The organisation emphasises the importance of regulating these platforms and monitoring their operators to ensure fair and efficient transactions in the digital economy.

ZHAHNG Jun

Beijing is widely recognized as a leading city in the development of the digital economy, ranking third globally in the Digital Cities Index 2022. This highlights the city’s significant progress in leveraging digital technologies for economic growth and innovation.

One key aspect contributing to Beijing’s digital economy dominance is its impressive growth in the added value of the sector. From 2015 to 2022, the added value of Beijing’s digital economy increased from 871.9 billion yuan to a staggering 1.7 trillion yuan. This growth showcases the city’s ability to create a thriving digital ecosystem and its positive impact on overall economic growth.

Beijing’s digital economy also plays a vital role in driving its economic prosperity, as it accounted for 44.3% of the city’s GDP in the first three quarters of this year. This demonstrates the importance of the digital sector in creating decent work opportunities and fostering sustainable economic growth.

Moreover, Beijing is at the forefront of technological advancement, with leading industrial scale in sectors such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, industrial internet, and digital human. The city is home to eight out of Forbes’ top 100 digital companies, solidifying its position as a hub for innovation.

In addition to its focus on technological advancement, Beijing has invested significantly in digital infrastructure to support the development of a smart city. The city has built 104,000 5G base stations, with 27,000 new ones added in 2023. This investment ensures seamless connectivity and advanced digital services.

Beijing has also driven the development of the data market by establishing the first pilot zone for the basic data system in China. This initiative enhances data-driven innovation and availability of data resources across sectors. The success of the Beijing International Big Data Exchange, with a data transaction scale surpassing 2 billion yuan, underscores the city’s pivotal role in the data market’s growth.

Overall, Beijing’s position as a leader in the digital economy, technology advancement, digital infrastructure investment, and driving the data market demonstrates its commitment to embracing digitalization for economic growth and sustainability. The city serves as a model for others seeking to leverage the digital economy’s power for progress and prosperity.

Audience

The Global Digital Economy Conference and think tank have extended an invitation to join their efforts in developing Beijing’s digital economy. The think tank, comprising 15-20 individuals, aims to actively contribute to the advancement of the digital sector. Meanwhile, a subsidiary of China Mobile is engaged in the development of digital figures, focusing on mobile network content development and service.

During the conference, there was a discussion around the concept of “offline transactions,” and the audience sought clarification on its meaning. The topic of electronic commerce and the harmonisation of commercial law surfaced, highlighting the need to address legal frameworks for both online and offline transactions. Ancetral, an organisation with a 30-year history of studying commercial law, emphasised the interconnectedness of e-commerce and the harmonisation of commercial law in light of technological advancements.

Notably, China and other major economies are spearheading a movement away from the global internet towards alternative web platforms. This shift could potentially have far-reaching consequences and reshape the digital landscape. Additionally, the conference examined the contribution of the digital economy to global GDP, with estimates suggesting that it constitutes a significant portion of Singapore and China’s GDP.

The regulation of large digital players to prevent unfair competition was a key argument made during the conference. The example of Alibaba, a major platform in the digital market, was cited to illustrate the necessity of market regulation in this context. Furthermore, the discussion also delved into international cooperation and China’s role in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) regarding digital trade. Specifically, questions arose about China’s position and objectives within the WTO space, particularly on the issues of Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) and e-commerce.

The recent announcement by the US representative regarding changes in the World Trade Organisation General Council (WTO GSI) sparked interest, prompting the audience to inquire about China’s perspective on these developments. Speculation arose regarding China’s stance, and it was noted that some US tech companies and their allies believe these changes may benefit China.

Overall, the conference provided valuable insights into the development of Beijing’s digital economy, the impact of the digital landscape on global GDP, the necessity of market regulation, and the significance of international cooperation within the WTO framework.

WEI Yiming

China’s digital economy has experienced remarkable growth, with the total volume reaching 7,000 in 2022. It has contributed an impressive 41.5% to China’s GDP. This growth has been driven by a digital economy annual growth rate of over 9.7% in recent years. The unprecedented expansion of China’s digital economy is a testament to its success in embracing and harnessing digital technologies.

However, there are challenges that China faces in its digital economy. Cultural adaptation to digital change is lagging, and there is a need for greater global cooperation in this field. The digital inclusion system also needs improvement, and there is a call for a balance between technological innovation and regulation. These challenges highlight the importance of addressing governance and domestic economic development in the process of digital economy growth.

Infrastructure development and international cooperation are key factors in promoting the digital economy. China has made significant strides in 5G infrastructure development and application in recent decades. Additionally, the establishment of 17 national agreements for digital second law agreements demonstrates China’s commitment to fostering innovation and creating an enabling legislative environment. Investments are being directed towards infrastructure development to support the growth of the digital economy.

Action plans need to be designed to address the challenges in the digital economy. Emphasising international solidarity to narrow the digital gap and promoting digital economy initiatives to foster a digital market openness are crucial steps. It is also important to support the dissemination of information and knowledge, invest in digital technology, and establish an independent cooperation mechanism.

China has identified the digital economy as a national strategy, recognising its potential for driving economic development. It acknowledges the need to shift from high growth rate to high-quality growth, which will be facilitated through the development of the digital economy. This strategy aligns with the global perspective, as understanding the development of the digital economy requires both a national and global outlook.

Inequality of wealth in China is a significant problem that needs to be addressed. However, the digital economy can also serve as a key force in tackling this issue. By leveraging the opportunities offered by the digital economy, measures can be implemented to reduce wealth inequality and promote inclusive growth.

The development of the digital economy has had a profound impact on social fairness and justice. It has created opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to compete with larger traditional companies. The digital economy has transformed consumer behaviour, providing better price-performance ratios and value creation. It has also elevated consumer rights and provided platforms for international brands to enter the Chinese market.

Despite the challenges faced, the digital economy has shown resilience and growth. Even during the severe COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, 2021, and 2022, the digital economy in China continued to present significant growth rates and contribute to the GDP. This showcases the capacity of the digital economy to adapt and thrive in the face of sudden disasters and epidemics.

It is important to note that the development of the digital economy goes beyond its economic dimension. It influences social interactions, social governance, and data flow. It requires the introduction of new social governance or digital governance paradigms to effectively address the challenges that arise. The digital economy has also diversified the value system and ushered in new challenges in terms of social governance.

In conclusion, China’s digital economy has experienced unprecedented growth, contributing significantly to its GDP. While there are challenges to overcome, such as cultural adaptation and global cooperation, the development of infrastructure and international cooperation are key in promoting the digital economy. Action plans need to be designed to tackle challenges, ensuring equal participation and development rights, and addressing wealth inequality. The digital economy has had a profound impact on social fairness, consumer behaviour, and consumer rights. It has also shown resilience and growth, even in times of crisis. Overall, the digital economy plays a crucial role in China’s economic development and requires both a national and global perspective.

LIU Hao

China’s digital economy is not only one of the largest in the world but also continues to grow. In 2022, it reached an impressive scale of 50.2 trillion RMB yuan, accounting for 41.5% of the world’s GDP. China actively participates in international rule-making and standard-setting in the digital domain, emphasizing the importance of global cooperation and multilateral digital economy governance.

China appreciates the efforts of OCTET, an organization that promotes global digital economy cooperation, and seeks to deepen collaboration in the digital economy. They also value partnerships between academic institutions and international organizations to enhance cooperation in this field.

China actively seeks global participation for the development of its digital economy and invites contributions to its Global Think Tank for the Beijing Digital Economy Development. They acknowledge the need for a common standard measurement to understand the digital economy and support the ongoing work by UNCTAD in this area.

Furthermore, China encourages competition in the digital market by diversifying platforms for digital trade and ensuring opportunities for small to medium enterprises. They also express dissatisfaction with the fragmented nature of global governance in the digital economy and emphasize the importance of reform, particularly within the World Trade Organization.

China’s approach in the digital economy is characterized by a focus on global cooperation rather than seeking dominance. They prioritize working together to create a better world, rejecting the pursuit of power or dominance. This aligns with their commitment to the sustainable development goals.

Overall, China’s digital economy is influential and growing rapidly. They actively engage in global cooperation, appreciate efforts for collaboration, and seek to enhance partnerships in the digital economy. Their approach emphasizes competition, the need for a common measurement standard, and the importance of global governance reform.

Speakers

AK

Alex Kunzelmann

Speech speed

153 words per minute

Speech length

2242 words

Speech time

878 secs

A

Audience

Speech speed

144 words per minute

Speech length

501 words

Speech time

209 secs

JG

JIANG Guangzhi

Speech speed

77 words per minute

Speech length

91 words

Speech time

71 secs

LH

LIANG Hong

Speech speed

115 words per minute

Speech length

424 words

Speech time

221 secs

LH

LIU Hao

Speech speed

140 words per minute

Speech length

2819 words

Speech time

1210 secs

SJ

SUN Jungong

Speech speed

128 words per minute

Speech length

1743 words

Speech time

820 secs

WY

WEI Yiming

Speech speed

121 words per minute

Speech length

3557 words

Speech time

1758 secs

ZJ

ZHAHNG Jun

Speech speed

150 words per minute

Speech length

2325 words

Speech time

932 secs

Data Stewards: The missing profession in the Digital Economy? (Datatank)

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

Knowledge Graph of Debate

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Otávio Moreira de Castro Neves

Data stewardship plays a vital role in achieving good data governance and effective open government data. The role of data stewards is to ensure that data is not only secure but also open enough for sharing. This is crucial as it allows for the free flow of data within and outside the government, enabling effective decision-making and collaboration.

One of the key arguments in support of data stewardship is its ability to act as a “data diplomat,” building relationships and negotiating alliances. Data stewards have the responsibility of managing both the supply and demand sides of data. By doing so, they can build ecosystems and initiate partnerships that benefit data culture in public organisations. This helps foster collaboration and knowledge sharing, resulting in improved data governance and more effective utilisation of open government data.

Implementing effective data stewardship requires investment and capacity building. Data stewards need to be equipped with the right skills to lead changes in governance and processes. They play a complex role that involves managing various aspects, such as data accessibility, findability, and reusability. Therefore, investing in their training and development is essential to ensure they can effectively perform their duties and drive meaningful change.

Another significant advantage of data stewardship is its potential to drive innovation and effectiveness across various sectors. Data stewards are expected to generate value, develop better public policies, fight misinformation, and promote science using data. By ensuring the availability of high-quality data and creating an environment that supports innovation, data stewardship opens new frontiers for improvement within public organisations.

Furthermore, data stewards play a critical role in identifying valuable datasets and creating valuable partnerships. Managing and curating vast amounts of data can be challenging and costly. Therefore, data stewards need to identify priorities and determine which datasets are most valuable. They act as trust intermediaries, facilitating the flow of information and building partnerships that can further enhance data governance and utilisation.

It is also worth noting that data stewards need to build a strong business case for their initiatives. Transparency is becoming increasingly important in governance, and people expect the government to be open and accountable. However, continuous efforts in data stewardship can be costly. Nevertheless, due to societal expectations and the benefits derived from effective data governance, it is challenging not to justify the investment.

In conclusion, data stewardship is a crucial aspect of achieving good data governance and effective open government data. Data stewards play a vital role in ensuring data security while facilitating its flow within and outside the government. They act as “data diplomats” by building relationships and negotiating alliances, which enhances data culture in public organisations. By investing in their skills development, data stewardship can lead to effective changes in governance and processes. Furthermore, data stewards have the potential to drive innovation and generate value across various sectors. They identify valuable datasets and create partnerships that further enhance data governance. While the cost of continuous efforts may be a challenge, data stewards need to build a strong business case to justify these investments due to societal expectations and the benefits derived from transparency and effective data governance.

Barbara Ubaldi

Data stewardship plays a crucial role in addressing issues related to data access. While progress has been made, access to data remains an ongoing challenge. Two main reasons contribute to these issues: the unavailability of data in many cases and the insufficient quality of available data for specific purposes.

The role of data stewards is paramount in resolving data access challenges. They ensure that data is made available for reuse, thereby creating a common understanding of its meaning and importance. It is crucial to note that data stewards are different from data privacy officers, chief data officers, or technical IT personnel. They serve as ambassadors, facilitating effective data stewardship.

The responsibilities of data stewards are context-sensitive and vary based on the specific needs and maturity level of the administration in question. The profile of a data steward may differ across countries due to varying necessities and levels of data maturity. Recognising this allows for tailored solutions that address specific challenges unique to each administration.

Slovenia stands as an example of successful implementation of a Data Steward Network. The country launched this network with the collaboration of the OECD, defining the job responsibilities for data stewards. The political backing of the Minister in Slovenia played a pivotal role in acknowledging the need for data stewardship. The Chief Data Officer of the country was instrumental in understanding and implementing this concept.

The creation of the Data Steward position requires political leadership, cultural change within the administration, and a leader who can bridge the gap between political leadership and practitioners. Slovenia’s Minister recognised the importance of data stewardship, leading to its realisation. Cultural change, fostered by investments in the open data agenda, contributed to the successful establishment of data stewards. The Chief Data Officer played a central role in transforming the idea into a practical reality.

Collaboration between stakeholders from both the public and private sectors is essential for ensuring the access and reuse of data. Having different stakeholders around the table when making data available for reuse, especially in scenarios requiring integrated data sets from various sources, is emphasised. Private sector companies should mirror government efforts in appointing data stewards, increasing overall data governance capabilities and maturity within the ecosystem.

Standards are necessary for consistency in data sharing and access. The lack of consistent standards often hinders data access and sharing, impacting data quality. Consistent standards are required to ensure shared understanding and consistency across different administrations.

Agreement on using the same standards for specific datasets across borders can significantly enhance data sharing and reuse. This cross-border collaboration using uniform standards is ideal and facilitates data exchange and collaboration on a global scale.

Finally, the shared public interest should outweigh private business goals when it comes to data access and usage. Prioritising the public interest fosters a shared agenda that benefits society as a whole.

In conclusion, data stewardship is vital in solving data access issues. The context-sensitive role of data stewards, successful implementations in countries like Slovenia, collaboration between public and private sectors, consistent data standards, and prioritising the public interest all contribute to overcoming challenges and maximising the value of data for societal benefit.

Moderator – Stefaan Verhulst

In the discussions surrounding data stewardship and data reuse, several important points were raised. Firstly, it was highlighted that one of the biggest opportunities in a data economy is the generation of value through data reuse. Reusing data allows for its potential to be maximised, creating new insights and opportunities.

To accelerate the process of data reuse, it was emphasised that access to data is crucial. Providing access to data enables more efficient and effective data reuse, as it allows individuals and organisations to access the necessary information for their projects and initiatives.

Data stewardship, on the other hand, involves the creation of a human infrastructure focused on systematic, sustainable, and responsible data reuse. This involves establishing guidelines, frameworks, and practices to ensure that data is managed and used in a responsible manner. It is important for organisations to prioritise data stewardship in order to promote data reuse that is both ethically and legally sound.

However, it was noted that scaling and sustaining data collaboratives has proven to be difficult. Data collaboratives aim to bring together different entities to share and collaborate on data projects. While they have the potential to generate valuable insights and outcomes, challenges exist in scaling and sustaining these collaborations effectively. Further research and efforts are needed to overcome these challenges and ensure the long-term success of data collaboratives.

Additionally, the discussions shed light on the importance of learnings and knowledge sharing among data stewards. By sharing their experiences and best practices, data stewards can learn from one another and improve their approaches to data stewardship. This can contribute to the development of a stronger and more effective data stewardship community.

The role of data stewards in driving data innovation was also discussed. It was recognised that data stewards play a crucial role in fostering innovation by encouraging experimentation with new data sources. As data innovation continues to advance at a rapid pace, data stewards are in a unique position to facilitate and support innovative practices.

Insights from the experiences of open government data were considered valuable in the context of data stewardship. By examining how open government data has been used and managed, valuable lessons can be learned to inform and enhance data stewardship practices.

Furthermore, the case of Slovenia was highlighted as an example of successful implementation of data stewardship within the public administration. Slovenia established a data steward network and defined the role, function, tasks, responsibilities, and profile of a data steward. This initiative was supported and acknowledged by the political leadership, and the country had already been investing in an open data agenda, which contributed to the successful implementation of data stewardship practices.

Lastly, it was emphasised that for effective data collaboratives, a counterpart in the private sector is crucial. Without the involvement of the private sector, it can be challenging to establish and sustain data collaboratives. By engaging with the private sector, data collaboratives can access additional expertise, resources, and data sources, leading to more comprehensive and impactful outcomes.

In conclusion, the discussions around data stewardship and data reuse highlighted various important aspects. Generating value through data reuse, providing access to data, and establishing data stewardship practices are essential in a data-driven economy. Challenges exist in scaling and sustaining data collaboratives, and knowledge sharing among data stewards and the role of data stewards in innovation are key considerations. Insights from open government data, successful implementation of data stewardship in Slovenia, and the importance of private sector involvement in data collaboratives were also emphasised. These insights can inform and guide efforts to promote responsible and effective data reuse and stewardship.

Sonia Cooper

The Industry Data for Society Partnership (IDSP) is a global initiative that aims to facilitate the reuse of private sector data for the public good. It consists of various private companies that are interested in opening up their data to benefit society. The partnership is positive in sentiment and focuses on promoting data stewardship for the greater good of society.

IDSP fosters trust among its members and stakeholders by promoting open learning and resource sharing. This creates an environment conducive to collaboration and innovation in data stewardship. Additionally, the partnership conducts open data challenges to encourage public participation and drive innovation.

The private sector plays a crucial role in data sharing and the adoption of the data steward role. For example, Microsoft has supported multiple data collaborations and released a framework for adopting the data steward role. To optimize data sharing and utilization, the private sector needs to take a more active role in sharing data and embracing their responsibilities as data stewards.

Leadership is identified as a key driver for change and the adoption of the data steward role within organizations. Strong leadership commitment is required to harness an organization’s data and ensure its effective use. By embracing the data steward role and providing support, leaders can enable their organizations to make better use of data for societal benefit.

Aligning data sharing activities with business goals is also emphasized. Many companies prioritize Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices, which are integral to their business strategies. By aligning data sharing activities with these goals, companies can ensure sustainability, long-term success, and positive societal impact.

Furthermore, the value of data lies in the outcomes it can drive rather than its intrinsic value. Collaborating and sharing data leads to more opportunities for solving both economic and societal issues. By focusing on the potential outcomes and leveraging data to address pressing challenges, the true value of data can be realized.

In conclusion, the IDSP is a global initiative that promotes the reuse of private sector data for the public good. It fosters trust, encourages collaboration through open learning and resource sharing, and emphasizes the importance of leadership, alignment with business goals, and the value of data outcomes. The private sector’s active involvement in data sharing and adopting the data steward role contributes to positive societal impact.

Dominik Rozkrut

Data stewards play a crucial role in facilitating data sharing and the creation of public good in the era of big data. Traditional data collection methods are being replaced by new technologies, and few data stewards currently exist in the private sector. Legal regulations often grant access to data for public purposes, highlighting the need for data stewards to navigate these regulations effectively. Additionally, statisticians can serve as important data stewards by helping others use data, promoting data education, and contributing to global efforts in data stewardship. However, it is evident that regulations alone are not enough to establish effective data collaborations between the public and private sectors. Successful cooperation between these sectors in data stewardship requires dedicated units and structures focused on data stewardship. National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) should also play a key role in facilitating data sharing, ensuring effective data usage, and promoting data standards. The adoption of data standards is crucial for the ingestion of private sector data and can facilitate data reuse, leading to improved interoperability and valuable insights.

Speakers

BU

Barbara Ubaldi

Speech speed

193 words per minute

Speech length

1776 words

Speech time

553 secs

Arguments

Data stewardship can play a crucial role in solving access to data issues

Supporting facts:

  • Many progresses have been made, but we still see that there are issues when it comes to access to data
  • Firstly, because in many cases data is not available
  • Secondly, because the quality of the data is not what is needed for the data to be reused for a specific purpose

Topics: Data Stewardship, Data Access, Public Interest

Data steward acts as an ambassador

Supporting facts:

  • Data steward is essential for creating a common understanding of what does it mean, making data available for reuse
  • The data steward is not the data privacy officer, it’s not the chief data officer, it’s not the technical IT person

Topics: Data Stewardship, Data Access, Public Services

The implementation of Data Steward Network in Slovenia

Supporting facts:

  • Slovenia launched a network of Data Stewards
  • Collaborated with OECD to define job responsibilities for Data Stewards
  • Minister in Slovenia acknowledged the need and backed it up politically
  • Chief Data Officer was pivotal in learning and realizing this concept

Topics: Data Steward, Open Data Agenda, Slovenia

Access and reuse of data should not only be limited to the public sector

Supporting facts:

  • Barbara Ubaldi suggests the importance of having different stakeholders around the table when making data available for reuse, especially in scenarios requiring integrated data sets from various sources.

Topics: Data access, Data usage, Private sector involvement

Private sector companies should mirror government efforts in establishing data stewards

Supporting facts:

  • Ubaldi believes that business models of private sector companies may vary in terms of data maturity, but the concept of having data stewards can still be adopted, making the whole ecosystem more mature and capable for data governance.

Topics: Data stewards, Private Sector, Government

Standards are essential and a necessity for data sharing and access

Supporting facts:

  • Obstacles to data access and sharing often stem from the lack of consistent standards
  • Lack of standards affects data quality
  • Standards are needed for consistency across administration

Topics: Data Standards, Data Sharing, Data Access

Report

Data stewardship plays a crucial role in addressing issues related to data access. While progress has been made, access to data remains an ongoing challenge. Two main reasons contribute to these issues: the unavailability of data in many cases and the insufficient quality of available data for specific purposes.

The role of data stewards is paramount in resolving data access challenges. They ensure that data is made available for reuse, thereby creating a common understanding of its meaning and importance. It is crucial to note that data stewards are different from data privacy officers, chief data officers, or technical IT personnel.

They serve as ambassadors, facilitating effective data stewardship. The responsibilities of data stewards are context-sensitive and vary based on the specific needs and maturity level of the administration in question. The profile of a data steward may differ across countries due to varying necessities and levels of data maturity.

Recognising this allows for tailored solutions that address specific challenges unique to each administration. Slovenia stands as an example of successful implementation of a Data Steward Network. The country launched this network with the collaboration of the OECD, defining the job responsibilities for data stewards.

The political backing of the Minister in Slovenia played a pivotal role in acknowledging the need for data stewardship. The Chief Data Officer of the country was instrumental in understanding and implementing this concept. The creation of the Data Steward position requires political leadership, cultural change within the administration, and a leader who can bridge the gap between political leadership and practitioners.

Slovenia’s Minister recognised the importance of data stewardship, leading to its realisation. Cultural change, fostered by investments in the open data agenda, contributed to the successful establishment of data stewards. The Chief Data Officer played a central role in transforming the idea into a practical reality.

Collaboration between stakeholders from both the public and private sectors is essential for ensuring the access and reuse of data. Having different stakeholders around the table when making data available for reuse, especially in scenarios requiring integrated data sets from various sources, is emphasised.

Private sector companies should mirror government efforts in appointing data stewards, increasing overall data governance capabilities and maturity within the ecosystem. Standards are necessary for consistency in data sharing and access. The lack of consistent standards often hinders data access and sharing, impacting data quality.

Consistent standards are required to ensure shared understanding and consistency across different administrations. Agreement on using the same standards for specific datasets across borders can significantly enhance data sharing and reuse. This cross-border collaboration using uniform standards is ideal and facilitates data exchange and collaboration on a global scale.

Finally, the shared public interest should outweigh private business goals when it comes to data access and usage. Prioritising the public interest fosters a shared agenda that benefits society as a whole. In conclusion, data stewardship is vital in solving data access issues.

The context-sensitive role of data stewards, successful implementations in countries like Slovenia, collaboration between public and private sectors, consistent data standards, and prioritising the public interest all contribute to overcoming challenges and maximising the value of data for societal benefit.

DR

Dominik Rozkrut

Speech speed

183 words per minute

Speech length

1787 words

Speech time

587 secs

Arguments

Data stewards play a crucial role in facilitating data sharing and the creation of public good in the era of big data

Supporting facts:

  • Traditional data collection methods are being replaced by new technologies
  • Few data stewards currently exist in the private sector
  • Legal regulations often grant access to data for public purposes
  • Data stewards in the private sector can help overcome challenges in data sharing

Topics: Data stewards, Data sharing, Big data, Public Good

Regulations are not enough for establishing data collaborations between public and private sector.

Supporting facts:

  • Changes proposed to the basic act for the official statistics of Europe, the Data Act, and the Data Governance Act in the EU.
  • Guarantee for the public sector to access private data in case of emergencies.
  • Despite regulations, successful cooperation only happened when the private companies established units dealing with data stewardship.

Topics: Data stewardship, Official Statistics, Public-private collaborations, Data Governance Act, Data Act, European Union

Data stewardship collaboration between public and private sectors brings opportunities.

Supporting facts:

  • Collaboration established with a telecom company and a credit card company in Poland.
  • Both collaborations started quickly once the companies established units dealing with data stewardship and brought opportunities on both sides.

Topics: Data stewardship, Collaborations, Opportunities

There is a need for required data standards for ingesting private sector data

Supporting facts:

  • Official statistics spend a lot of time developing information standards
  • Adopting these standards in Private sector facilities the production of statistics
  • Use of standards make interfaces between data holders and users easier to establish

Topics: Data standards, Private sector data

Report

Data stewards play a crucial role in facilitating data sharing and the creation of public good in the era of big data. Traditional data collection methods are being replaced by new technologies, and few data stewards currently exist in the private sector.

Legal regulations often grant access to data for public purposes, highlighting the need for data stewards to navigate these regulations effectively. Additionally, statisticians can serve as important data stewards by helping others use data, promoting data education, and contributing to global efforts in data stewardship.

However, it is evident that regulations alone are not enough to establish effective data collaborations between the public and private sectors. Successful cooperation between these sectors in data stewardship requires dedicated units and structures focused on data stewardship. National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) should also play a key role in facilitating data sharing, ensuring effective data usage, and promoting data standards.

The adoption of data standards is crucial for the ingestion of private sector data and can facilitate data reuse, leading to improved interoperability and valuable insights.

M-

Moderator – Stefaan Verhulst

Speech speed

169 words per minute

Speech length

3152 words

Speech time

1116 secs

Arguments

One of the biggest opportunities within a data economy and one of the biggest ways to generate value from data is by data reuse

Topics: Data Economy, Data Reuse

In order to accelerate data reuse, we need to provide access to data

Topics: Data Access, Data Reuse

Data stewardship involves building a human infrastructure aimed at systematic, sustainable and responsible data reuse

Topics: Data Stewardship, Data Reuse, Data Access

Stefaan Verhulst is interested in how learnings are shared among data stewards

Supporting facts:

  • Sonia mentioned that the IDSP facilitates learning and knowledge sharing among its members and disseminates these learnings and best practices publicly.
  • Stefaan asked if there is a need for a data stewards platform that data stewards can learn from each other and if there is an exchange between public and private sectors

Topics: Data Stewardship, Learning Sharing, Public Sector, Private Sector

Stefaan elaborated on the role of data stewards in data innovation

Supporting facts:

  • Sonia mentioned that IDSP encourages innovation and experimentation with new data sources.
  • Stefaan asked about the role of the data stewards as it relates to data innovation given that it’s a fast moving environment

Topics: Data Stewards, Data Innovation, Technology

Slovenia is a good example of translating data stewardship into practice within the public administration

Supporting facts:

  • Slovenia launched the data steward network within their administration
  • The role, function, tasks, responsibilities, and profile for a data steward were defined with civil servants in Slovenia
  • New role was acknowledged and backed by the political leadership, and Slovenia had long been investing in open data agenda

Topics: Data Stewardship, Public Administration, Slovenia

Political leadership, already existing practices, and the country’s data agenda leader’s support were crucial for Slovenia’s success in implementing data stewardship

Supporting facts:

  • Slovenia’s minister acknowledged the importance of new role
  • Country had been investing on open data agenda, enabling the cultural change
  • Chief data officer in Slovenia was keen on making data stewardship a reality

Topics: Data Stewardship, Political Leadership, Open Data Agenda

Report

In the discussions surrounding data stewardship and data reuse, several important points were raised. Firstly, it was highlighted that one of the biggest opportunities in a data economy is the generation of value through data reuse. Reusing data allows for its potential to be maximised, creating new insights and opportunities.

To accelerate the process of data reuse, it was emphasised that access to data is crucial. Providing access to data enables more efficient and effective data reuse, as it allows individuals and organisations to access the necessary information for their projects and initiatives.

Data stewardship, on the other hand, involves the creation of a human infrastructure focused on systematic, sustainable, and responsible data reuse. This involves establishing guidelines, frameworks, and practices to ensure that data is managed and used in a responsible manner.

It is important for organisations to prioritise data stewardship in order to promote data reuse that is both ethically and legally sound. However, it was noted that scaling and sustaining data collaboratives has proven to be difficult. Data collaboratives aim to bring together different entities to share and collaborate on data projects.

While they have the potential to generate valuable insights and outcomes, challenges exist in scaling and sustaining these collaborations effectively. Further research and efforts are needed to overcome these challenges and ensure the long-term success of data collaboratives. Additionally, the discussions shed light on the importance of learnings and knowledge sharing among data stewards.

By sharing their experiences and best practices, data stewards can learn from one another and improve their approaches to data stewardship. This can contribute to the development of a stronger and more effective data stewardship community. The role of data stewards in driving data innovation was also discussed.

It was recognised that data stewards play a crucial role in fostering innovation by encouraging experimentation with new data sources. As data innovation continues to advance at a rapid pace, data stewards are in a unique position to facilitate and support innovative practices.

Insights from the experiences of open government data were considered valuable in the context of data stewardship. By examining how open government data has been used and managed, valuable lessons can be learned to inform and enhance data stewardship practices.

Furthermore, the case of Slovenia was highlighted as an example of successful implementation of data stewardship within the public administration. Slovenia established a data steward network and defined the role, function, tasks, responsibilities, and profile of a data steward. This initiative was supported and acknowledged by the political leadership, and the country had already been investing in an open data agenda, which contributed to the successful implementation of data stewardship practices.

Lastly, it was emphasised that for effective data collaboratives, a counterpart in the private sector is crucial. Without the involvement of the private sector, it can be challenging to establish and sustain data collaboratives. By engaging with the private sector, data collaboratives can access additional expertise, resources, and data sources, leading to more comprehensive and impactful outcomes.

In conclusion, the discussions around data stewardship and data reuse highlighted various important aspects. Generating value through data reuse, providing access to data, and establishing data stewardship practices are essential in a data-driven economy. Challenges exist in scaling and sustaining data collaboratives, and knowledge sharing among data stewards and the role of data stewards in innovation are key considerations.

Insights from open government data, successful implementation of data stewardship in Slovenia, and the importance of private sector involvement in data collaboratives were also emphasised. These insights can inform and guide efforts to promote responsible and effective data reuse and stewardship.

OM

Otávio Moreira de Castro Neves

Speech speed

150 words per minute

Speech length

1291 words

Speech time

516 secs

Arguments

The role of data stewardship is crucial in achieving good data governance and effective open government data.

Supporting facts:

  • Data stewardship ensures that data is secure, but also open enough for sharing.
  • Data stewards can facilitate the flow of data within and outside government.

Topics: Open Government Data, Data Governance, Data Stewardship

Data stewards serve as ‘data diplomats’, building relationships and negotiating alliances.

Supporting facts:

  • Data stewards are responsible for managing both the supply and demand sides.
  • Stewards can build ecosystems and initiate partnerships that benefit data culture in public organizations.

Topics: Data Stewardship, Data Governance

Implementing effective data stewardship requires investment and capacity building.

Supporting facts:

  • The role of a data steward is complex and involves managing various aspects, such as data accessibility, findability, and reusability.
  • Data stewards need to be equipped with the right skills to lead changes in governance and processes.

Topics: Data Stewardship, Investment

Data stewards can identify valuable datasets and create valuable partnerships

Supporting facts:

  • Data stewards need to identify priorities and make them happen
  • It’s costly to manage thousands of datasets, so identification of valuable ones is crucial
  • Engagement ‘as trust intermediaries’ can help information flow better

Topics: Data Stewardship, Open Data, Transparency, Policy

Report

Data stewardship plays a vital role in achieving good data governance and effective open government data. The role of data stewards is to ensure that data is not only secure but also open enough for sharing. This is crucial as it allows for the free flow of data within and outside the government, enabling effective decision-making and collaboration.

One of the key arguments in support of data stewardship is its ability to act as a “data diplomat,” building relationships and negotiating alliances. Data stewards have the responsibility of managing both the supply and demand sides of data. By doing so, they can build ecosystems and initiate partnerships that benefit data culture in public organisations.

This helps foster collaboration and knowledge sharing, resulting in improved data governance and more effective utilisation of open government data. Implementing effective data stewardship requires investment and capacity building. Data stewards need to be equipped with the right skills to lead changes in governance and processes.

They play a complex role that involves managing various aspects, such as data accessibility, findability, and reusability. Therefore, investing in their training and development is essential to ensure they can effectively perform their duties and drive meaningful change. Another significant advantage of data stewardship is its potential to drive innovation and effectiveness across various sectors.

Data stewards are expected to generate value, develop better public policies, fight misinformation, and promote science using data. By ensuring the availability of high-quality data and creating an environment that supports innovation, data stewardship opens new frontiers for improvement within public organisations.

Furthermore, data stewards play a critical role in identifying valuable datasets and creating valuable partnerships. Managing and curating vast amounts of data can be challenging and costly. Therefore, data stewards need to identify priorities and determine which datasets are most valuable.

They act as trust intermediaries, facilitating the flow of information and building partnerships that can further enhance data governance and utilisation. It is also worth noting that data stewards need to build a strong business case for their initiatives. Transparency is becoming increasingly important in governance, and people expect the government to be open and accountable.

However, continuous efforts in data stewardship can be costly. Nevertheless, due to societal expectations and the benefits derived from effective data governance, it is challenging not to justify the investment. In conclusion, data stewardship is a crucial aspect of achieving good data governance and effective open government data.

Data stewards play a vital role in ensuring data security while facilitating its flow within and outside the government. They act as “data diplomats” by building relationships and negotiating alliances, which enhances data culture in public organisations. By investing in their skills development, data stewardship can lead to effective changes in governance and processes.

Furthermore, data stewards have the potential to drive innovation and generate value across various sectors. They identify valuable datasets and create partnerships that further enhance data governance. While the cost of continuous efforts may be a challenge, data stewards need to build a strong business case to justify these investments due to societal expectations and the benefits derived from transparency and effective data governance.

SC

Sonia Cooper

Speech speed

162 words per minute

Speech length

1202 words

Speech time

445 secs

Arguments

Industry Data for Society Partnership (IDSP) is a global initiative to facilitate the reuse of private sector data for public good

Supporting facts:

  • The partnership includes various private companies interested in opening their data
  • The IDSP identifies data projects that have outcomes that benefit society

Topics: Data Stewardship, Data Collaboration, Public Good

IDSP aims to foster trust among its members and stakeholders by promoting learning and sharing resources to facilitate data stewardship

Supporting facts:

  • IDSP fosters trust by promoting open learning and resource sharing
  • Data challenges are conducted open to the public to encourage innovation

Topics: Trust building, Data Stewardship

The private sector needs to adopt a more active role in data sharing and the adoption of the data steward role.

Supporting facts:

  • Microsoft has supported a number of data collaborations
  • Microsoft has released a framework for the adoption of the data steward role

Topics: Data sharing, Data Stewardship, Private Sector

Leadership is crucial in driving change and adoption of data steward role within an organization.

Supporting facts:

  • Leadership commitment is required to hook an organization’s data to work

Topics: Leadership, Data Stewardship

Aligning data sharing activities with business goals is important.

Supporting facts:

  • ESG is core to many companies’ business strategies
  • Ensuring there’s a prioritization aligned with business goals in relation to data sharing ensures sustainability

Topics: Data sharing, Business Goals

The value of data lies in the outcomes it can drive, rather than its intrinsic value.

Supporting facts:

  • The more businesses share and collaborate around data, the more opportunities there will be to solve both economic and societal issues

Topics: Data Value, Data Sharing

Report

The Industry Data for Society Partnership (IDSP) is a global initiative that aims to facilitate the reuse of private sector data for the public good. It consists of various private companies that are interested in opening up their data to benefit society.

The partnership is positive in sentiment and focuses on promoting data stewardship for the greater good of society. IDSP fosters trust among its members and stakeholders by promoting open learning and resource sharing. This creates an environment conducive to collaboration and innovation in data stewardship.

Additionally, the partnership conducts open data challenges to encourage public participation and drive innovation. The private sector plays a crucial role in data sharing and the adoption of the data steward role. For example, Microsoft has supported multiple data collaborations and released a framework for adopting the data steward role.

To optimize data sharing and utilization, the private sector needs to take a more active role in sharing data and embracing their responsibilities as data stewards. Leadership is identified as a key driver for change and the adoption of the data steward role within organizations.

Strong leadership commitment is required to harness an organization’s data and ensure its effective use. By embracing the data steward role and providing support, leaders can enable their organizations to make better use of data for societal benefit. Aligning data sharing activities with business goals is also emphasized.

Many companies prioritize Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices, which are integral to their business strategies. By aligning data sharing activities with these goals, companies can ensure sustainability, long-term success, and positive societal impact. Furthermore, the value of data lies in the outcomes it can drive rather than its intrinsic value.

Collaborating and sharing data leads to more opportunities for solving both economic and societal issues. By focusing on the potential outcomes and leveraging data to address pressing challenges, the true value of data can be realized. In conclusion, the IDSP is a global initiative that promotes the reuse of private sector data for the public good.

It fosters trust, encourages collaboration through open learning and resource sharing, and emphasizes the importance of leadership, alignment with business goals, and the value of data outcomes. The private sector’s active involvement in data sharing and adopting the data steward role contributes to positive societal impact.

Digital Economy Agreements and the Future of Digital Trade Rulemaking (DiploFoundation)

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Full session report

Kholofelo Kugler

The analysis covers a range of topics related to the digital economy and trade negotiations. African countries are actively engaged in negotiating digital economy agreements that address issues similar to those at the international level. This demonstrates their commitment to aligning their policies with global standards and promoting cooperation in the digital sphere. It is worth noting that 33 African countries already have data protection regulations in place, highlighting the importance they place on safeguarding digital rights and privacy.

One significant issue being discussed is the customs duty moratorium on electronic transmissions. This moratorium has been in place since the 1998 Ministerial Conference and ensures that electronic transmissions are not subjected to customs duties. However, concerns have been raised, particularly by South Africa and India, who argue that the moratorium disproportionately benefits developed countries and places developing countries at a disadvantage. This highlights the high stakes involved in this matter and the need for a fair and equitable resolution.

The analysis suggests that focusing on domestic taxation, such as implementing taxes on social services or value-added tax (VAT), could be a more effective strategy for revenue realization. Studies indicate that implementing these forms of taxation could lead to increased revenue generation. Furthermore, enabling African countries to impose internal taxes would provide them with a potential solution to address their revenue needs.

Trade treaties are designed to provide flexibility and safeguard public interests. Provisions within these treaties allow for regulation in the public interest and consideration for privacy. This demonstrates a commitment to ensuring that trade agreements strike a balance between promoting economic growth and protecting the welfare of citizens.

One noteworthy observation is the support for Wei Guo Tang’s perspective on the balance between liberation and preservation of policy space. It is argued that countries should have the freedom to formulate and implement policies that serve their national interests while also recognizing the importance of international cooperation and harmonization.

Another notable finding is the incorporation of regular reviews into treaties. These reviews, which occur either annually or every five years, provide an opportunity for governments to reassess and adjust their policies as needed. This ensures that policy space is granted to governments while also allowing for evolving circumstances and changing priorities to be taken into account.

The analysis also suggests that public policy considerations are becoming increasingly important in international trade negotiations. This is exemplified by the shifting positions of the United States on certain public policy issues. As countries become more cognizant of the potential impact of trade agreements on their domestic policies, they are beginning to take actions that align with their national interests.

However, there are concerns about regional disagreements impacting the possibility of a customs duty moratorium. If problems arise at the regional level, they are likely to have implications for international negotiations as well. This highlights the need for open dialogue and cooperation to address regional differences and reach consensus on this important issue.

Regarding digital trade agreements, there is a consensus on the necessity of phasing and timeline. This pragmatic approach allows for incremental progress to be made, ensuring that the interests of all stakeholders are taken into consideration.

There is a prevailing belief that some form of agreement is better than no agreement. Acknowledging the complexities and challenges involved in trade negotiations, finding common ground and reaching compromises is seen as crucial for promoting digital trade and reaping its benefits.

The analysis also recognizes the advantages that online businesses have in the digital economy. These businesses tend to be better positioned to leverage digital technologies and reach wider markets, highlighting the need for policies that support their growth and competitiveness.

In the African context, the customs duty moratorium is seen as beneficial, particularly for digital giants like Jumia. This exemption from customs duties may help promote their expansion and contribute to economic growth in the region.

Finally, the analysis highlights the importance of providing assistance to least developed countries (LDCs) in understanding and implementing internal taxes without discrimination. This support is crucial for empowering these countries to effectively navigate the complexities of taxation in the digital economy.

In conclusion, the analysis emphasizes the ongoing discussions and negotiations surrounding digital economy agreements, customs duty moratoriums, domestic taxation strategies, and the importance of flexibility and policy space in trade treaties. It underscores the need for collaboration, dialogue, and pragmatic approaches to address regional disagreements and promote inclusive and sustainable digital trade.

Wei Guo Tang

Digital economy agreements are crucial in transforming the digital landscape and enhancing businesses. These agreements facilitate end-to-end digital trade, open up the digital environment, and build trust. They enable businesses to transition from paper to electronic formats, reducing costs. Cross-border data flow is supported, promoting innovation and protecting consumer welfare.

Flexibility is essential in digital trade rules as they are not a one-size-fits-all solution for data flow. Governments have the right to regulate and privacy protections are important, including the prohibition of source code transfer, except in enforcement situations. Protecting privacy and preventing discrimination in enforcement situations are key aspects of digital trade rules.

Discussions and ongoing reviews demonstrate the possibility of making changes and improvements to digital trade regulations based on feedback and emerging challenges.

The Global Services Innovation (GSI) agreement aims to strike a balance between commercial meaningfulness and inclusivity. It recognizes the challenge of balancing data and source code provisions, particularly with the US. Consumer trust is also important, making the GSI agreement valuable for both traders and consumer trust.

The GSI agreement includes strong developmental provisions to assist least developed and developing countries, harmonizing rules across member countries.

Engaging in digital payments and digital invoicing is crucial for development. The GSI agreement provides room to discuss collaborations and encourages the interoperability of payment systems.

Balancing the interests of stakeholders is necessary for creating value and ensuring that policies and agreements benefit all parties.

Singapore has an agreement with GCC partners, including an e-commerce chapter that ensures an open digital environment. However, individual GCC partners retain the right to impose internal taxation, allowing for flexible taxation regulations.

The Joint Statement Initiative (JSI), Digital Economy Agreements (DEAs), and Digital Trade and Innovative Policies Agreement (DIPA) are comprehensive agreements that should not be approached in a modular manner. They provide holistic frameworks to address various digital trade issues. However, individual Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) can be established for specific topics.

Support for the moratorium on internal taxation is crucial, bringing significant benefits to developing and least developed countries. Singapore has implemented internal taxation for e-commerce revenue collection. A UNCTAD report aims to help developing countries understand the benefits of internal taxation.

Advocacy for a phased approach in introducing issues in digital space negotiations is necessary due to the complexity and rapid evolution of digital issues. The co-conveners of the JSI negotiations aim to balance the inclusion of data flows. A phased approach accommodates other digital issues, such as AI rules, while aiming for timely conclusions.

In summary, digital economy agreements play a crucial role in transforming the digital landscape and supporting business growth. They facilitate end-to-end digital trade, foster an open digital environment, and build trust. Flexibility, privacy protection, and stakeholder engagement are vital in digital trade rules. The GSI agreement strikes a balance between commercial meaningfulness and inclusivity while supporting development. Engaging in digital payments and digital invoicing is crucial for development. The JSI, DEAs, and DIPA are comprehensive agreements that provide holistic frameworks. Support for the moratorium on internal taxation benefits developing and least developed countries. A phased approach is advocated for addressing complex digital issues. Ongoing discussions and reviews demonstrate a willingness to adapt and improve digital trade regulation.

Audience

The digital trade agenda is facing tension due to the challenges posed by complex regulations that may hinder the necessary trust. There is a need for careful consideration when developing digital trade rules to avoid extremes in data flow regulations, as seen with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that had to be saved from extreme versions of data flow regulations. This careful consideration is important to ensure that regulations strike a balance between protecting privacy and facilitating cross-border data flows.

Trade negotiations, such as the Trade in Services Agreement (TISA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), have been developed in secret, leading to a lack of understanding by trade negotiators. This lack of understanding raises concerns about the implications of these agreements and the potential negative impact on consumer protection. Additionally, the revision of TPP and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) texts is challenging, particularly for developed countries and those without proper regulatory frameworks, further complicating the digital trade agenda.

Furthermore, the development of digital rules has been largely influenced by big players, resulting in a lack of focus on development and disproportionate benefits favoring inequality. This raises concerns about the fairness and inclusivity of the digital trade agenda. Additionally, the Indigenous Maori have raised claims that the CPTPP breaches their rights, putting pressure on New Zealand to revise the treaties and comply with constitutional obligations.

The Joint Initiative (JI), a trade policy initiative, has raised concerns about its impact on global businesses and skepticism about its positive outcomes and the feasibility of a permanent moratorium. These concerns highlight the need to carefully evaluate the potential impacts and feasibility of trade initiatives before implementation.

There is also a lack of discussion surrounding major agreements like the Declaration of Montreal or Union European, and questions about why these agreements are not being considered in the context of the digital scene. This lack of discussion raises concerns about the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the digital trade agenda.

The audience has called for a deeper analysis of the common characteristics of digital trade and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), as well as the negotiation processes involved. This aligns with the need for more transparency and understanding in the development of digital trade rules.

The speaker has highlighted the challenges faced by physical dealers compared to online providers who have to adhere to requirements, rules, and regulations. This imbalance puts physical dealers at a disadvantage and raises questions about the fairness of the digital trade landscape.

In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, the public sector has taken the lead in digital transformation, particularly in countries like UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. This highlights the importance of government support and public services in driving digital transformation in the region.

In conclusion, there is an urgent need for careful consideration in developing digital trade regulations to ensure trust, privacy, and inclusivity. The lack of understanding and transparency in trade negotiations and the disproportionate influence of big players raise concerns about the fairness and effectiveness of the digital trade agenda. Moreover, the challenges faced in revising agreements, addressing Indigenous rights, and maintaining a balance between physical and online dealers further complicate the digital trade landscape. It is essential to foster a development-focused approach and ensure that digital trade rules are comprehensive, transparent, and inclusive for all stakeholders involved.

Yasmin Ismail

Less developed countries (LDCs) are urged to actively participate in digital rulemaking in order to successfully integrate into the global and regional digital economy. LDCs have shown significant progress in exporting digitally delivered services, surpassing the global average growth rate. However, not all LDCs have adopted key e-commerce regulations, hindering their ability to fully capitalize on the opportunities provided by the digital economy. Additionally, only a small number of LDCs are actively involved in digital trade agreements.

To address these challenges, a phased and modular approach to digital trade rulemaking is recommended. This approach recognizes that different LDCs are advancing at varying speeds and require tailored strategies. The trust and facilitation modules of digital economy agreements are particularly beneficial for LDCs.

Establishing a supportive e-commerce ecosystem in LDCs requires conducting regulatory gap analysis and engaging with stakeholders. By identifying gaps between existing digital trade agreements and the needs of LDCs, a more conducive regulatory environment can be established. Moreover, legislation that fosters trust is crucial for the development of a thriving e-commerce ecosystem.

Adaptability in trade rules is crucial to align with the evolving nature of trade. Inclusion of developing countries and LDCs in trade discussions is important to ensure their perspectives and interests are considered. The AFCFCA presents an opportunity to bring developing countries into the dialogue.

Progress in data flow regulations is also emphasized as important. The current situation does not serve everyone, including countries like the US, China, and their development partners. Moving forward on data flow regulations would benefit all stakeholders.

Finally, governments should support the opportunities and capacity to regulate. This includes engaging with the public, considering their concerns, and adjusting the pace of regulation accordingly. Collaboration between governments and citizens is essential to ensure a balanced approach to digital rulemaking.

In conclusion, LDCs have made strides in the digital sphere, but their active involvement in digital rulemaking is still needed. A phased and modular approach, regulatory gap analysis, stakeholder engagement, and adaptability in trade rules are crucial for the successful integration of LDCs into the global and regional digital economy. Governments play a key role in supporting and regulating the digital arena by engaging with citizens and adjusting regulatory pace to meet their needs.

Moderator – Marilia Maciel

Digital economy agreements play a crucial role in addressing policy issues raised by digital trade, contributing to the development of effective policies in the digital domain. These agreements have been commended for their valuable support in tackling emerging challenges and facilitating collaboration among countries, helping them find common ground on digital trade.

Moreover, digital economy agreements are seen as complementary to the existing network of free trade agreements. In the past, countries struggled to include digital trade provisions in free trade agreements. However, with the advent of digital economy agreements, the relevant provisions are extracted and consolidated in one place, enabling a focused and comprehensive approach to addressing digital trade issues within a separate agreement.

During a session on digital topics, the speakers expressed their appreciation for the interactive and successful discussion. Participants engaged passionately with the subject matter, actively posing questions and exchanging ideas. This session highlighted the importance of digital topics in today’s world and served as a platform for knowledge sharing.

Additionally, it was emphasized that these discussions should be connected with the United Nations and the upcoming summit. The UN has been actively engaged in discussions on various digital topics, and the outcomes of the session can contribute to and benefit from the ongoing UN discussions. This integration ensures a holistic and comprehensive approach towards addressing digital challenges, taking into account the global perspective provided by the United Nations.

Overall, digital economy agreements have proven to be instrumental in addressing policy issues arising from digital trade, fostering collaboration and allowing countries to find common ground. They complement existing free trade agreements by consolidating digital trade provisions. The successful and interactive session on digital topics showcased the significance of these discussions and the need to connect them with the United Nations’ initiatives. By doing so, a cohesive and comprehensive approach towards addressing digital challenges can be achieved.

Speakers

A

Audience

Speech speed

138 words per minute

Speech length

1813 words

Speech time

790 secs

Arguments

Tension exists in the digital trade agenda because necessary regulations for trust may be hampered by complex digital trade rules

Supporting facts:

  • Cross-border data flows can be problematic for privacy regulation
  • Consumer protection agencies are struggling to verify the effectiveness and non-discriminatory nature of AI applications because of protection for source codes and algorithms

Topics: Digital Trade, Regulations, Cross-border data flows, Consumer Protection

TISA and TPP texts were developed based on big text wish list, negotiated in secret, and trade negotiators didn’t understand their implications

Supporting facts:

  • Negotiations took place in secret
  • Trade negotiators have confessed their lack of understanding

Topics: TISA, TPP, Trade Negotiations

Revising TPP text, CPTPP text is problematic especially for developed countries and those without proper regulatory frameworks

Supporting facts:

  • Regulatory changes are constantly needed
  • Developing countries lack necessary regulatory frameworks

Topics: TPP, CPTPP, Trade Policy

Indigenous Maori claimed that CPTPP breaches their rights; New Zealand is struggling to revise the treaties to comply with constitutional obligations

Supporting facts:

  • Indigenous Maori brought a challenge against CPTPP
  • New Zealand government is finding it difficult to revise the treaties

Topics: CPTPP, Indigenous Rights, New Zealand’s Trade Policy

The JI may not be ambitious enough to support businesses all over the world.

Supporting facts:

  • Concerns over the impact of the JI on global businesses

Topics: JI, Business Support, Global Trade

The potential of having a permanent moratorium is optimistic.

Supporting facts:

  • Optimism about the potential extension of a moratorium

Topics: Moratorium, Economic Policy

The US announcement on data flows may not provide enough legal certainty for developing countries.

Supporting facts:

  • Concerns about lack of legal certainty from the US data flow announcement

Topics: Data Flows, Legal Certainty, Developing Countries

The speaker is curious about why certain major agreements like the declaration of Montreal or the law about the Union European or Malabo are not discussed

Supporting facts:

  • The speaker is a digital strategist and CEO of Fondation Pensez Demain

Topics: Declaration of Montreal, Union European, Malabo

The audience calls for a deeper look into the common characteristics of digital trade and FTAs and the aspect of negotiations around them

Topics: Digital Trade, FTAs, Negotiations

The speaker calls for an extension from e-invoicing, e-payments to digital gateways and a broadened view on consumer protection rights

Topics: e-invoicing, e-payments, Digital Gateways, Consumer protection rights

The speaker highlights their problem with online providers being in a favorable position than physical dealers who have to adhere to requirements, rules and regulations.

Topics: Online Trade, Physical Dealers, Rules and Regulations

Report

The digital trade agenda is facing tension due to the challenges posed by complex regulations that may hinder the necessary trust. There is a need for careful consideration when developing digital trade rules to avoid extremes in data flow regulations, as seen with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that had to be saved from extreme versions of data flow regulations.

This careful consideration is important to ensure that regulations strike a balance between protecting privacy and facilitating cross-border data flows. Trade negotiations, such as the Trade in Services Agreement (TISA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), have been developed in secret, leading to a lack of understanding by trade negotiators.

This lack of understanding raises concerns about the implications of these agreements and the potential negative impact on consumer protection. Additionally, the revision of TPP and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) texts is challenging, particularly for developed countries and those without proper regulatory frameworks, further complicating the digital trade agenda.

Furthermore, the development of digital rules has been largely influenced by big players, resulting in a lack of focus on development and disproportionate benefits favoring inequality. This raises concerns about the fairness and inclusivity of the digital trade agenda. Additionally, the Indigenous Maori have raised claims that the CPTPP breaches their rights, putting pressure on New Zealand to revise the treaties and comply with constitutional obligations.

The Joint Initiative (JI), a trade policy initiative, has raised concerns about its impact on global businesses and skepticism about its positive outcomes and the feasibility of a permanent moratorium. These concerns highlight the need to carefully evaluate the potential impacts and feasibility of trade initiatives before implementation.

There is also a lack of discussion surrounding major agreements like the Declaration of Montreal or Union European, and questions about why these agreements are not being considered in the context of the digital scene. This lack of discussion raises concerns about the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the digital trade agenda.

The audience has called for a deeper analysis of the common characteristics of digital trade and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), as well as the negotiation processes involved. This aligns with the need for more transparency and understanding in the development of digital trade rules.

The speaker has highlighted the challenges faced by physical dealers compared to online providers who have to adhere to requirements, rules, and regulations. This imbalance puts physical dealers at a disadvantage and raises questions about the fairness of the digital trade landscape.

In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, the public sector has taken the lead in digital transformation, particularly in countries like UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. This highlights the importance of government support and public services in driving digital transformation in the region.

In conclusion, there is an urgent need for careful consideration in developing digital trade regulations to ensure trust, privacy, and inclusivity. The lack of understanding and transparency in trade negotiations and the disproportionate influence of big players raise concerns about the fairness and effectiveness of the digital trade agenda.

Moreover, the challenges faced in revising agreements, addressing Indigenous rights, and maintaining a balance between physical and online dealers further complicate the digital trade landscape. It is essential to foster a development-focused approach and ensure that digital trade rules are comprehensive, transparent, and inclusive for all stakeholders involved.

KK

Kholofelo Kugler

Speech speed

186 words per minute

Speech length

2775 words

Speech time

897 secs

Arguments

African countries are negotiating issues similar to those at the international level in their digital economy agreements

Supporting facts:

  • 33 African countries have got data protection regulation
  • 8 African countries are involved in the JSI

Topics: Digital Economy Agreements, African Continental Free Trade Area, Negotiations

Customs duty moratorium on electronic transmissions is of high stakes

Supporting facts:

  • The moratorium has been maintained since the MC2 in 1998
  • South Africa and India are raising questions about the moratorium, arguing it is skewed against developing countries

Topics: Digital Economy, Customs duties, Moratorium

Focusing on domestic taxation like social services tax could be a better revenue realization strategy

Supporting facts:

  • Studies show that taxes on social services or VAT could realize more revenues
  • Capacitating African countries to impose internal taxes is a potential solution

Topics: Domestic Taxation, Revenue Realization, Digital Economy

Flexibility built in trade treaties

Supporting facts:

  • Provisions in the treaty allow for regulation in the public interest
  • The treaties have consideration for privacy

Topics: trade treaties, regulation

Countries like the EU have already built in those three yearly reviews.

Topics: Digital Rulemaking, Policy Making

Tools can be built into treaties that give governments as much policy space as they need.

Supporting facts:

  • In terms of dispute settlement, there’s a five year review.

Topics: Policy Making

Countries are starting to act on public policy considerations

Supporting facts:

  • The U.S. is turning away from its original positions

Topics: Public Policy, International Trade

Agrees with the idea of phasing and timeline on JSI agreements.

Topics: JSI, Digital Trade, Negotiation

Believes some agreement is better than no agreement.

Topics: JSI, Negotiation

Acknowledges that businesses trading online are usually in a better position.

Topics: Digital Trade, Online Businesses

Supports the customs duty moratorium believes it to be beneficial, especially in the African context.

Supporting facts:

  • The customs duty moratorium could help digital giants in Africa like Jumia

Topics: Customs Duty Moratorium, Digital Trade, Africa

Report

The analysis covers a range of topics related to the digital economy and trade negotiations. African countries are actively engaged in negotiating digital economy agreements that address issues similar to those at the international level. This demonstrates their commitment to aligning their policies with global standards and promoting cooperation in the digital sphere.

It is worth noting that 33 African countries already have data protection regulations in place, highlighting the importance they place on safeguarding digital rights and privacy. One significant issue being discussed is the customs duty moratorium on electronic transmissions. This moratorium has been in place since the 1998 Ministerial Conference and ensures that electronic transmissions are not subjected to customs duties.

However, concerns have been raised, particularly by South Africa and India, who argue that the moratorium disproportionately benefits developed countries and places developing countries at a disadvantage. This highlights the high stakes involved in this matter and the need for a fair and equitable resolution.

The analysis suggests that focusing on domestic taxation, such as implementing taxes on social services or value-added tax (VAT), could be a more effective strategy for revenue realization. Studies indicate that implementing these forms of taxation could lead to increased revenue generation.

Furthermore, enabling African countries to impose internal taxes would provide them with a potential solution to address their revenue needs. Trade treaties are designed to provide flexibility and safeguard public interests. Provisions within these treaties allow for regulation in the public interest and consideration for privacy.

This demonstrates a commitment to ensuring that trade agreements strike a balance between promoting economic growth and protecting the welfare of citizens. One noteworthy observation is the support for Wei Guo Tang’s perspective on the balance between liberation and preservation of policy space.

It is argued that countries should have the freedom to formulate and implement policies that serve their national interests while also recognizing the importance of international cooperation and harmonization. Another notable finding is the incorporation of regular reviews into treaties.

These reviews, which occur either annually or every five years, provide an opportunity for governments to reassess and adjust their policies as needed. This ensures that policy space is granted to governments while also allowing for evolving circumstances and changing priorities to be taken into account.

The analysis also suggests that public policy considerations are becoming increasingly important in international trade negotiations. This is exemplified by the shifting positions of the United States on certain public policy issues. As countries become more cognizant of the potential impact of trade agreements on their domestic policies, they are beginning to take actions that align with their national interests.

However, there are concerns about regional disagreements impacting the possibility of a customs duty moratorium. If problems arise at the regional level, they are likely to have implications for international negotiations as well. This highlights the need for open dialogue and cooperation to address regional differences and reach consensus on this important issue.

Regarding digital trade agreements, there is a consensus on the necessity of phasing and timeline. This pragmatic approach allows for incremental progress to be made, ensuring that the interests of all stakeholders are taken into consideration. There is a prevailing belief that some form of agreement is better than no agreement.

Acknowledging the complexities and challenges involved in trade negotiations, finding common ground and reaching compromises is seen as crucial for promoting digital trade and reaping its benefits. The analysis also recognizes the advantages that online businesses have in the digital economy.

These businesses tend to be better positioned to leverage digital technologies and reach wider markets, highlighting the need for policies that support their growth and competitiveness. In the African context, the customs duty moratorium is seen as beneficial, particularly for digital giants like Jumia.

This exemption from customs duties may help promote their expansion and contribute to economic growth in the region. Finally, the analysis highlights the importance of providing assistance to least developed countries (LDCs) in understanding and implementing internal taxes without discrimination.

This support is crucial for empowering these countries to effectively navigate the complexities of taxation in the digital economy. In conclusion, the analysis emphasizes the ongoing discussions and negotiations surrounding digital economy agreements, customs duty moratoriums, domestic taxation strategies, and the importance of flexibility and policy space in trade treaties.

It underscores the need for collaboration, dialogue, and pragmatic approaches to address regional disagreements and promote inclusive and sustainable digital trade.

M-

Moderator – Marilia Maciel

Speech speed

184 words per minute

Speech length

1709 words

Speech time

556 secs

Arguments

Digital economy agreements provide valuable support to the shift of trade to the digital domain.

Supporting facts:

  • Digital economy agreements help tackle policy issues raised by digital trade.
  • These agreements have been useful especially on emerging issues, aiding countries to collaborate and find common ground.

Topics: Digital economy agreements, Trade, Digital domain

Appreciation for successful and interactive session

Supporting facts:

  • This was a brilliant session
  • Speakers took all the questions
  • Participants actively asked questions
  • Digital topic was passionately discussed

Topics: UN summit, Digital topics

Report

Digital economy agreements play a crucial role in addressing policy issues raised by digital trade, contributing to the development of effective policies in the digital domain. These agreements have been commended for their valuable support in tackling emerging challenges and facilitating collaboration among countries, helping them find common ground on digital trade.

Moreover, digital economy agreements are seen as complementary to the existing network of free trade agreements. In the past, countries struggled to include digital trade provisions in free trade agreements. However, with the advent of digital economy agreements, the relevant provisions are extracted and consolidated in one place, enabling a focused and comprehensive approach to addressing digital trade issues within a separate agreement.

During a session on digital topics, the speakers expressed their appreciation for the interactive and successful discussion. Participants engaged passionately with the subject matter, actively posing questions and exchanging ideas. This session highlighted the importance of digital topics in today’s world and served as a platform for knowledge sharing.

Additionally, it was emphasized that these discussions should be connected with the United Nations and the upcoming summit. The UN has been actively engaged in discussions on various digital topics, and the outcomes of the session can contribute to and benefit from the ongoing UN discussions.

This integration ensures a holistic and comprehensive approach towards addressing digital challenges, taking into account the global perspective provided by the United Nations. Overall, digital economy agreements have proven to be instrumental in addressing policy issues arising from digital trade, fostering collaboration and allowing countries to find common ground.

They complement existing free trade agreements by consolidating digital trade provisions. The successful and interactive session on digital topics showcased the significance of these discussions and the need to connect them with the United Nations’ initiatives. By doing so, a cohesive and comprehensive approach towards addressing digital challenges can be achieved.

WG

Wei Guo Tang

Speech speed

198 words per minute

Speech length

3023 words

Speech time

916 secs

Arguments

Digital economy agreements facilitate end-to-end digital trade, open up digital environment and build trust

Supporting facts:

  • Digital economy agreements build on the e-commerce chapters
  • Evolving digital regulations and flexibility is necessary due to rapidly evolving technologies
  • Digital economy agreements facilitate moving businesses from paper to electronic, contributing to reducing costs
  • Enabling cross-border data flows enhances innovation and protects consumer welfare

Topics: Digital economy agreements, Digital trade, Digital environment, Creating trust

Digital trade rules are not a blanket rule for data flow.

Supporting facts:

  • CPTPP approach includes exceptions for legitimate public policy objectives
  • Digital trade rules allow for government regulation
  • Not all data should flow at all costs

Topics: Digital Trade, Data Flow, Government Policy

Protection of privacy and prohibition of transfer of source code, except for enforcement situations, are important in digital trade rules.

Supporting facts:

  • Policy objectives of different countries are similar in protecting privacy
  • Source code can be checked for discrimination in enforcement situations

Topics: Digital Trade, Privacy, Source Code

There are ongoing discussions about the political considerations in the review processes, indicating that reviews are possible.

Supporting facts:

  • New Zealand is trying to feature some of their recent political considerations in the review.
  • Reviews are possible and are being discussed.

Topics: Policy Review, Political Considerations

The GSI agreement has to strike a balance in order to be commercially meaningful and inclusive.

Supporting facts:

  • GSI set out to be commercially meaningful and inclusive.
  • The de-attribution of data and source code provisions by the US has made this a tricky balance.

Topics: GSI Agreement, Commercial Meaning, Inclusivity

The package under the GSI agreement is useful for traders and for consumer trust.

Supporting facts:

  • The package, along with digital trade elements, will be beneficial for traders.
  • The consumer trust elements are important not only for businesses but also for people.

Topics: GSI Agreement, Consumer Trust, Traders

The GSI agreement includes strong developmental provisions to help LDC and developing members.

Supporting facts:

  • There are provisions within JSI to help LDC and developing members.
  • The idea is to harmonize rules across 90 members.

Topics: GSI Agreement, Development, LDC and Developing members

Singapore has an agreement with the GCC partners, including an e-commerce chapter for ensuring an open digital environment

Supporting facts:

  • There is a custom duties article agreed to not impose custom duties on electronic transmission

Topics: e-commerce, GCC, open digital environment

The JSI has no modular approach

Supporting facts:

  • JSI covers three sections that members should adhere to
  • There is potential support for members in terms of implementation

Topics: JSI, Digital Economy Agreements, DIPA

Support of the moratorium on internal taxation due to its potential benefits for developing and LDC countries

Supporting facts:

  • Singapore has contributed a case study on how it has implemented internal taxation to collect revenue on e-commerce
  • A report by UNTAD, which will be out next year, is aimed at helping developing countries understand how they can benefit from internal taxation

Topics: Taxation, E-commerce, Developing countries

Report

Digital economy agreements are crucial in transforming the digital landscape and enhancing businesses. These agreements facilitate end-to-end digital trade, open up the digital environment, and build trust. They enable businesses to transition from paper to electronic formats, reducing costs. Cross-border data flow is supported, promoting innovation and protecting consumer welfare.

Flexibility is essential in digital trade rules as they are not a one-size-fits-all solution for data flow. Governments have the right to regulate and privacy protections are important, including the prohibition of source code transfer, except in enforcement situations. Protecting privacy and preventing discrimination in enforcement situations are key aspects of digital trade rules.

Discussions and ongoing reviews demonstrate the possibility of making changes and improvements to digital trade regulations based on feedback and emerging challenges. The Global Services Innovation (GSI) agreement aims to strike a balance between commercial meaningfulness and inclusivity. It recognizes the challenge of balancing data and source code provisions, particularly with the US.

Consumer trust is also important, making the GSI agreement valuable for both traders and consumer trust. The GSI agreement includes strong developmental provisions to assist least developed and developing countries, harmonizing rules across member countries. Engaging in digital payments and digital invoicing is crucial for development.

The GSI agreement provides room to discuss collaborations and encourages the interoperability of payment systems. Balancing the interests of stakeholders is necessary for creating value and ensuring that policies and agreements benefit all parties. Singapore has an agreement with GCC partners, including an e-commerce chapter that ensures an open digital environment.

However, individual GCC partners retain the right to impose internal taxation, allowing for flexible taxation regulations. The Joint Statement Initiative (JSI), Digital Economy Agreements (DEAs), and Digital Trade and Innovative Policies Agreement (DIPA) are comprehensive agreements that should not be approached in a modular manner.

They provide holistic frameworks to address various digital trade issues. However, individual Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) can be established for specific topics. Support for the moratorium on internal taxation is crucial, bringing significant benefits to developing and least developed countries.

Singapore has implemented internal taxation for e-commerce revenue collection. A UNCTAD report aims to help developing countries understand the benefits of internal taxation. Advocacy for a phased approach in introducing issues in digital space negotiations is necessary due to the complexity and rapid evolution of digital issues.

The co-conveners of the JSI negotiations aim to balance the inclusion of data flows. A phased approach accommodates other digital issues, such as AI rules, while aiming for timely conclusions. In summary, digital economy agreements play a crucial role in transforming the digital landscape and supporting business growth.

They facilitate end-to-end digital trade, foster an open digital environment, and build trust. Flexibility, privacy protection, and stakeholder engagement are vital in digital trade rules. The GSI agreement strikes a balance between commercial meaningfulness and inclusivity while supporting development. Engaging in digital payments and digital invoicing is crucial for development.

The JSI, DEAs, and DIPA are comprehensive agreements that provide holistic frameworks. Support for the moratorium on internal taxation benefits developing and least developed countries. A phased approach is advocated for addressing complex digital issues. Ongoing discussions and reviews demonstrate a willingness to adapt and improve digital trade regulation.

YI

Yasmin Ismail

Speech speed

136 words per minute

Speech length

3167 words

Speech time

1400 secs

Arguments

Less developed countries (LDCs) need to be more involved in digital rulemaking for their successful integration into the global and regional digital economy

Supporting facts:

  • LDCs have made considerable progress, with their exports of digitally delivered services growing at a rate exceeding the worldwide average.
  • The Doha program mentions the word ‘digital’ 82 times, illustrating their increasing interest in the digital sphere.

Topics: Digital Rulemaking, Economy, Digital Economy, Regional Integration

A phased, modular approach in digital trade rule-making could benefit LDCs, allowing them to steadily integrate their interests and constraints

Supporting facts:

  • LDCs have differing interests based on their speed of development.
  • The trust and facilitation modules of digital economy agreements may be particularly beneficial for LDCs.

Topics: Digital Trade, Least Developed Countries, Modular approach

We deal with digital rulemaking now as if we’re gonna put it set in stone

Topics: Digital rulemaking, AI Regulation

We still don’t know to what extent these digital challenges will evolve

Topics: Digital Challenges, AI Regulation

We need to look back at our rules with a with a closer intervals

Topics: Digital rulemaking, Policy Review

Trade rules need to adapt to the changing nature of trade.

Supporting facts:

  • Trade rulemaking is changing in nature, it should not be treated as set in stone.

Topics: Trade, Rulemaking

Seeks a positive approach to bring developing countries and LDCs into trade discussions.

Supporting facts:

  • There is an opportunity to bring developing countries into the discussion with the AFCFCA.

Topics: Developing Countries, Trade, Discussion

Disappointed that the ambition of the GSI is getting lowered.

Topics: GSI, Data Flows

Wants to see progress on data flow regulations.

Supporting facts:

  • Believes that the current situation is not serving everyone, including US, China, and their development partners.

Topics: Data Flows, Regulation

Interest in phased approach to negotiations.

Supporting facts:

  • Suggests the JSI can move into a phased approach.

Topics: Negotiations, Phased Approach

Report

Less developed countries (LDCs) are urged to actively participate in digital rulemaking in order to successfully integrate into the global and regional digital economy. LDCs have shown significant progress in exporting digitally delivered services, surpassing the global average growth rate.

However, not all LDCs have adopted key e-commerce regulations, hindering their ability to fully capitalize on the opportunities provided by the digital economy. Additionally, only a small number of LDCs are actively involved in digital trade agreements. To address these challenges, a phased and modular approach to digital trade rulemaking is recommended.

This approach recognizes that different LDCs are advancing at varying speeds and require tailored strategies. The trust and facilitation modules of digital economy agreements are particularly beneficial for LDCs. Establishing a supportive e-commerce ecosystem in LDCs requires conducting regulatory gap analysis and engaging with stakeholders.

By identifying gaps between existing digital trade agreements and the needs of LDCs, a more conducive regulatory environment can be established. Moreover, legislation that fosters trust is crucial for the development of a thriving e-commerce ecosystem. Adaptability in trade rules is crucial to align with the evolving nature of trade.

Inclusion of developing countries and LDCs in trade discussions is important to ensure their perspectives and interests are considered. The AFCFCA presents an opportunity to bring developing countries into the dialogue. Progress in data flow regulations is also emphasized as important.

The current situation does not serve everyone, including countries like the US, China, and their development partners. Moving forward on data flow regulations would benefit all stakeholders. Finally, governments should support the opportunities and capacity to regulate. This includes engaging with the public, considering their concerns, and adjusting the pace of regulation accordingly.

Collaboration between governments and citizens is essential to ensure a balanced approach to digital rulemaking. In conclusion, LDCs have made strides in the digital sphere, but their active involvement in digital rulemaking is still needed. A phased and modular approach, regulatory gap analysis, stakeholder engagement, and adaptability in trade rules are crucial for the successful integration of LDCs into the global and regional digital economy.

Governments play a key role in supporting and regulating the digital arena by engaging with citizens and adjusting regulatory pace to meet their needs.

Connecting Women at the Margins: Smart Partnerships Accelerating Inclusion in the Digital Economy (ITU)

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Full session report

Nyawa Naomi

The SheTrades initiative, supported by AIF, plays a vital role in helping women entrepreneurs in Zambia overcome obstacles and achieve business growth. One of the major challenges faced by these entrepreneurs is access to markets. However, through SheTrades, businesses receive comprehensive training covering various aspects of the e-commerce value chain and export readiness. This training equips them with the necessary skills to navigate the digital landscape and effectively market their products.

Furthermore, SheTrades connects these women entrepreneurs with buyers and large e-commerce platforms, enabling them to have one-on-one interactions with prominent figures such as founders and CEOs. This direct engagement with industry leaders not only provides valuable guidance and mentorship but also helps establish crucial professional partnerships.

As a result of the training and market access facilitated by SheTrades, women entrepreneurs witness significant improvements in their businesses. Equipped with digital skills, they report an increase in sales revenues and successfully enter international markets. This demonstrates the immense potential of digital trade in expanding business opportunities for women entrepreneurs.

Access to the digital economy and digital payment technology is of utmost importance for women entrepreneurs. In many cases, these women lack basic financial infrastructure such as bank accounts and credit or debit cards, which are essential for digital payments. To address this issue, establishing methods like PayPal that enable smooth and secure online transactions is crucial. Bridging the digital divide and ensuring women’s financial inclusion are essential steps towards empowering women entrepreneurs and fostering economic growth.

Nyawa Naomi, a prominent advocate for women’s empowerment, emphasizes the significance of digital literacy training for marginalized and rural women. Recognizing that merely providing them with laptops and cell phones is insufficient, Naomi believes that interventions are required to enable these women to effectively utilize digital tools. By equipping them with the necessary digital literacy skills, these women can transform their livelihoods and participate more actively in the digital economy.

Overall, the SheTrades initiative, along with the emphasis on access to the digital economy, digital payment technology, and digital literacy training, proves instrumental in empowering women entrepreneurs in Zambia. By addressing the barriers they face and providing them with the necessary support and resources, these women can thrive and contribute to the economic growth of their communities.

Boru Halkano

Women living in Kenyan refugee camps face significant socio-cultural barriers that hinder their ability to engage in digital entrepreneurship. These barriers include limited access to education, traditional gender expectations, and a lack of decision-making power within their communities. According to supporting facts, only two out of every ten women in these camps have completed formal education. Additionally, the patriarchal society expects women to primarily fulfill domestic roles, limiting their opportunities to participate in professional work. Moreover, women have limited decision-making power in their communities, further exacerbating their challenges.

To address these obstacles, the RUMI programme has been implemented to promote equality of opportunity for women. It aims to overcome the associated challenges by implementing measures such as lowering enrollment criteria specifically for women, as well as assigning women-only mentors and trainers. Additionally, the programme collaborates with local leaders to generate awareness and support within the community for these entrepreneurial endeavours. It also works in partnership with other organizations to offer childcare services specifically catering to the needs of young mothers within the refugee camps.

However, despite the efforts of the RUMI programme, several obstacles still hinder equal access to digital entrepreneurship. Infrastructure issues, including limited access to the internet and electricity in the refugee camps, pose a significant challenge. Moreover, some women lack the necessary identity documents required to access digital platforms, adding to their difficulties.

Another initiative, the REMI programme, employs a multi-stakeholder approach, aiming to support marginalized groups and bridge the digital divide. The programme collaboratively works with key humanitarian actors such as the Norwegian Refugee Council, the Danish Refugee Council, and the UNHCR. This collaboration is multifaceted and involves addressing basic needs, working with government bodies to tackle policy and regulatory challenges, and leveraging social enterprises to address both supply and demand aspects of the market. Furthermore, the REMI programme actively engages with local leaders and the community to overcome local socio-economic barriers. Through its collaboration with business support organizations like the Chamber of Commerce, the programme also strives to provide job opportunities for individuals who have received training.

Collaboration, rather than competition, is emphasised as vital for the success of these initiatives. Boru Halkano, a notable figure, stresses the importance of different actors working together. Despite initial resistance and skepticism, the multi-stakeholder approach has proven successful and is now regarded as a role model for implementation in a refugee setting.

Overall, the work done in a challenging context demonstrates the potential to unlock economic empowerment for women and bridge the digital divide. Notably, it reveals that even small acts can make a significant difference in empowering women. It is emphasised that different actors must collaborate and synergise in order to achieve these goals. The expanded summary highlights the significance of empowering women, illustrating its positive impact and potential to bridge the digital divide.

Aïchatoun Toure

Aïchatoun Toure is an advocate and beneficiary of the E-Trade for Women initiative. She was selected to be part of E-trade’s first master class when her business was only 8 months old, highlighting her exceptional potential and the recognition she received from the initiative. The initiative has played a vital role in Aïchatoun’s journey to success by providing her with access to a network of like-minded female entrepreneurs. This network has been invaluable, allowing her to learn from and collaborate with women from various backgrounds and industries. By leveraging this network, she has overcome challenges and grown her business exponentially. The initiative has also empowered Aïchatoun to spearhead digital transformation initiatives within her industry, positioning her as a leader. Through the E-Trade for Women initiative, Aïchatoun has acquired new skills and knowledge, particularly in Design Thinking. She now shares this expertise by conducting training sessions in her home country, further empowering other women and entrepreneurs. Aïchatoun’s story demonstrates the power of empowering women in business and the positive impact it has on individuals, communities, and economies as a whole.

Pippa McDougall

The analysis highlights several key points regarding women micro-entrepreneurs and their use of mobile technology. Notably, there are significant gender gaps among micro-entrepreneurs, with women being less likely to own a mobile phone or use it for their business. This is a concerning finding as mobile technology plays a crucial role in providing access to resources, connectivity, and market opportunities.

One of the main barriers identified is the lack of digital skills among women micro-entrepreneurs. Research conducted by GSMA in 10 low- and middle-income countries in Africa and Asia revealed that one in five micro-entrepreneurs reported a lack of confidence in digital skills. This indicates a need for initiatives that focus on enhancing digital skills among women entrepreneurs, empowering them to effectively utilise mobile technology for their businesses.

Safety and security concerns also play a significant role in hindering the use of mobile technology among women micro-entrepreneurs. Women have expressed concerns about fraud, theft, and fear of being contacted by strangers. Furthermore, these security concerns were found to be more prevalent in certain countries, such as Pakistan. Addressing these concerns, particularly through creating safer digital transaction platforms, can encourage women to use mobile technology for their business activities.

The analysis also emphasises the importance of internet-enabled phones for women entrepreneurs. Having the right kind of phone, such as an internet-enabled or smartphone, is considered significant in enabling women to fully utilise the digital opportunities available. This highlights the need for affordable smartphones, as well as initiatives by mobile operator partners to lower the cost of smartphones and improve consumer affordability.

Partnerships and collaborations between private sectors, governments, and NGOs are identified as crucial in addressing the challenges faced by women micro-entrepreneurs and closing the gender gaps in mobile technology adoption. For example, Safaricom partnered with Google to launch an entry-level 4G smartphone, which saw a significant percentage sold to women. Additionally, GSMA, ITU, and EIF collaborated to create a capacity-building program for policymakers, promoting a better understanding of gender gaps and supporting efforts to close them.

Furthermore, initiatives such as handset financing schemes and linking government payments to mobile money accounts have proved beneficial in increasing mobile phone affordability and driving the adoption of mobile financial services. Safari Com implemented a device financing scheme with a small deposit and a daily rate, making phones more affordable for many people.

Observations from the analysis also highlight the role of governments, private sectors, and development communities in improving internet adoption. Efforts should be made to provide access to reliable and affordable internet services in order to bridge the digital divide and empower women entrepreneurs.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the significant gender gaps and barriers faced by women micro-entrepreneurs when it comes to the use of mobile technology for their businesses. It highlights the need for initiatives that focus on enhancing digital skills, addressing safety and security concerns, and promoting access to affordable internet-enabled phones. Partnerships and collaborations between different sectors are essential in closing the gender gaps and empowering women entrepreneurs. By removing barriers and creating supportive environments, women can fully harness the potential of mobile technology to thrive in today’s digital world.

Kindi Varus Montreux

A fruitful partnership between CETE (Centre for Entrepreneurship and Technology) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has resulted in positive outcomes in Haiti. The collaboration has focused on empowering young female entrepreneurs and bridging the digital divide through various joint activities, including training programs and a digital summer school.

These training programs have specifically targeted skills in digital marketing and web development, essential for success in today’s digital landscape. The aim is to equip young female entrepreneurs with the necessary tools to effectively promote and expand their businesses. In addition, a digital summer school was organized, covering topics such as artificial intelligence and mobile application development, to enhance participants’ understanding of emerging technologies and improve their digital literacy and technological capabilities.

The impact of these training programs has been significant, with trained entrepreneurs reporting increased sales and improved positioning in the market. Two hundred girls from remote regions in Haiti also benefited from the training, paving the way for future economic opportunities. Some of these girls have even gone on to start their own companies or secure internships with local businesses, demonstrating the practicality and real-world application of the skills they acquired.

However, there is still a pressing need to expand these training initiatives to more communities, particularly in marginalized regions that face structural challenges and limited access to education. By addressing these issues, the partnership between CETE and ITU can continue bridging the digital divide, promoting inclusive development and reducing educational inequalities in Haiti.

In conclusion, the partnership between CETE and ITU has successfully empowered young female entrepreneurs and advanced digital literacy in Haiti. The training programs have proven to be effective in enhancing business success and providing a pathway to economic growth. However, it is crucial to address the accessibility and educational inequalities that persist, in order to ensure that all communities benefit from these initiatives. By doing so, Haiti can achieve a more inclusive and equitable digital future.

Audience

The session on women’s empowerment and technology was highly appreciated by the audience. They found it to be valuable and learned a lot from the presentations. The positive sentiment emphasized the impact of the session on the audience’s understanding and knowledge about the topic.

One notable aspect was the personal experiences shared by audience members who have worked with women in Kenya. They highlighted the importance of business training and group lending in promoting women’s empowerment. This personal experience added credibility and authenticity to the discussion.

An interesting argument put forth in the session was the need to include men in discussions about women’s empowerment. It was argued that men have influence over women’s use of resources and decision-making at home. Therefore, their active participation in these discussions is crucial for the success of women’s empowerment initiatives.

However, concerns were raised regarding the transition to digital technologies. It was argued that as women often come together physically to share ideas and provide mutual support, the shift to digital platforms may lead to the loss of the valuable aspect of communal learning and support. This negative sentiment highlights the potential drawback of the digital transformation in women’s empowerment initiatives.

Affordability of mobile phones remains a major challenge for women in Kenya. The supporting fact that the cost of a mobile phone is prohibitively high for many women underscores the importance of addressing this issue to ensure equal access to technology for women.

One noteworthy observation was the speaker’s effort to dispel myths surrounding women’s ownership of mobile phones in Kenya. The fact that the speaker refuted the claim that women need their husbands’ permission to own mobile phones showcased the effort to challenge traditional gender norms and promote women’s independence and agency.

To address the affordability challenge, it was suggested that promoting affordable access to mobile phones should be a priority. The supporting fact that many women in Kenya cannot afford mobile phones signals the need for affordable options or installment payment methods to ensure that women have equal access to this essential technology.

Women entrepreneurs face several challenges such as lack of funding, high interest rates, and the lack of collateral. The fact that most women entrepreneurs run bootstrap businesses due to limited access to financing sheds light on the hardships they face. These challenges not only impact their profitability but also hinder the scalability of their businesses.

A positive sentiment emerged from the argument that decisions about women entrepreneurs should not be made without their input. The presence of an entrepreneur from Uganda representing women entrepreneurs in the discussion highlighted the importance of including the voices and perspectives of women in decision-making processes.

In conclusion, the session on women’s empowerment and technology received positive feedback from the audience. Personal experiences, arguments for including men, concerns about the digital transition, affordability challenges, and the struggles faced by women entrepreneurs were discussed. The need to challenge gender norms, promote affordable access to technology, and ensure women’s participation in decision-making processes were major takeaways from the session.

Dunola Oladapo

The session, organised by AIF (Alliance for the Internet of Things Innovation), GSMA (Global System for Mobile Communications Association), ITC (International Trade Centre), and ITU (International Telecommunication Union), is focused on promoting women’s inclusion in the digital economy and closing the digital divide. The event brings together various organizations and individuals to discuss and support women’s participation in the digital economy.

One of the main arguments put forward is the need to close the digital divide and integrate women and girls into the digital economy. This is seen as essential for achieving gender equality and reducing inequalities. The session emphasizes the importance of collective efforts from different organizations and individuals to tackle the gap in the digital divide. Inclusive discussions are seen as necessary to address the challenges and barriers women face in accessing and participating in the digital economy.

Panelists at the event include women entrepreneurs such as Aisha Tintoure, CEO of CoDesign Mali, and Naomi Nwanya, CEO of Nomayo Jewelry and Authentic Crafts in Zambia. These women are using digital platforms to expand their businesses and contribute to social development. Their success stories highlight the important role that women entrepreneurs can play in digital transformation and development. It is argued that by providing more opportunities and support for women entrepreneurs, the digital economy can be a catalyst for economic growth and empowerment.

Dunola Oladapo, a female entrepreneur, expresses optimism for more opportunities for women entrepreneurs. As a woman in tech and a female entrepreneur, she values sharing her experiences and is grateful for events like this that provide a space for women to express themselves and engage with others. The support and platform provided by the event organizers and the panel are acknowledged and appreciated by Dunola.

Overall, the event aims to promote women’s inclusion in the digital economy and close the digital divide. It highlights the key role that women entrepreneurs play in digital transformation and development. By providing a space for women to share their experiences and engage in inclusive discussions, the event hopes to drive greater gender equality and empower women in the digital era.

Sylvia Poll

Public-private partnerships and digital inclusion for women play a crucial role in addressing the gender-digital divide and empowering girls and young women in the tech sector. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recognises the need for collective action towards sustainable solutions to empower girls through technology.

ITU has co-founded the Equals Global Partnership, alongside GSMA, ITC, UN Women, and UNU, with the aim of closing the gender-digital divide. These partnerships involve governments, network operators, digital equipment and software developers, and organisations such as GSMA and ITC. By bringing together various stakeholders, ITU believes that public-private partnerships can effectively bridge the gender-digital divide by promoting collaboration and shared resources.

Digital inclusion is essential for women to benefit from the digital economy. Currently, hundreds of thousands of women lack access to digital platforms but have the desire to become entrepreneurs and contribute to important work. ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) serve as a key driver of development and empowerment for girls and young women. By providing access to digital platforms, women can participate in the digital economy and bridge the gender gap.

ITU is leading initiatives to improve young girls’ and women’s access to decision-making processes that will shape their future. They advocate for career opportunities in the tech sector for girls and young women, encouraging them to study STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers and enter the tech sector. By promoting gender equality in the tech industry, ITU aims to create an environment where women can thrive and contribute to innovative solutions.

ITU actively works on improving access through gender mainstreaming policies, building digital skills, and changing the mindset about the role of women in ICT. They have joined forces with the ITU-EIF project for gender mainstreaming in national policies and have published a handbook on gender mainstreaming for policymakers. These initiatives aim to remove barriers and create equal opportunities for women in the ICT sector.

Recognising the importance of representation, ITU celebrates the appointment of Ms. Doreen Bogdan as the first woman Secretary-General in its 150-year history. ITU is also part of the Equals Leadership Coalition, which champions female leadership in the tech sector. These efforts aim to ensure that women have equal representation and decision-making power within the ITU and the wider tech industry.

ITU is working on various initiatives to build digital skills and empower women through technology. They provide guidance to governments on making digital skills training available for girls and women. Programs such as e-mentoring and e-skills badges have been developed to support their digital growth. Additionally, ITU collaborates with GSMA, EY, and W4 to provide free gender transformative digital capacity building training through the Equals for Digital Skills Initiative.

ITU emphasises the importance of celebrating accomplishments and highlighting good work in the tech sector. They organise initiatives like the Equals in Tech Awards, which recognise organisations that are making significant contributions towards helping girls and young women gain equal internet access, digital skills, and opportunities. Winning organisations benefit from increased recognition and more opportunities in the industry.

Sylvia Poll, during a panel discussion, stresses the value of sharing good work, experiences, and lessons learned. By sharing knowledge and expertise, individuals and organisations can inspire others and contribute to positive change in the tech sector. Despite challenges, events and panel discussions provide a platform to inspire and give hope to girls and young women looking to make an impact in the industry.

In conclusion, public-private partnerships, digital inclusion, and gender equality are crucial in addressing the gender-digital divide and empowering girls and young women in the tech sector. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is leading the way with initiatives focused on improving access, promoting career opportunities, developing digital skills, and recognising achievements. By working in collaboration and sharing knowledge, we can drive sustainable change and create a more inclusive and equal tech industry for all.

Speakers

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Audience

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188 words per minute

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1103 words

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Aïchatoun Toure

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Boru Halkano

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Dunola Oladapo

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Kindi Varus Montreux

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Nyawa Naomi

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Pippa McDougall

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Sylvia Poll

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CSTD open consultation on WSIS+20

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Full session report

H.E Sabri Bachtobji

The extended summary delves deeper into the key points, arguments, evidence, and conclusion of the discussion on the importance of ICT infrastructure for sustainable development, particularly in rural Africa. It is emphasised that stable internet connectivity, secure access to electricity, and affordable communications devices are crucial for the development and growth of ICT infrastructure in rural areas. These factors are seen as essential for promoting economic and social progress in these regions.

The necessity of education and training programmes is highlighted as a means to ensure that people are equipped with the necessary skills to benefit from technology. This includes the promotion of digital culture and the provision of vocational training in areas linked to ICTs. By developing the skills and knowledge required to effectively use and leverage technology, individuals can take advantage of the opportunities presented by ICT infrastructure.

The discussion also underscores the importance of promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. Supporting startups through incubators, accelerators, and funding is seen as essential for fostering a conducive environment for innovation. This, in turn, can contribute to economic growth and the creation of decent work opportunities.

Enhancing the digitisation of public services is considered a crucial aspect of sustainable development. This involves making digital platforms accessible and user-friendly, as well as implementing online tax systems and digital identification systems. By digitising public services, governments can improve efficiency and accessibility, while contributing to the development of sustainable cities and communities.

The usage of ICTs in health and agriculture was also emphasised. Telemedicine was highlighted as a way to provide long-distance patient appointments, ensuring that individuals in remote areas have access to healthcare services. Additionally, technology can facilitate access to markets for farmers, enabling them to sell their produce and improve their livelihoods.

The importance of public-private partnerships was emphasised as a means to promote collaboration among governments, private sector bodies, NGOs, and international organisations. By working together, these stakeholders can leverage their resources and expertise to drive sustainable development and achieve the SDGs.

The adoption of digital financial services, such as mobile banking and payment services, was discussed as a means to foster financial inclusion and economic growth. These services can provide individuals with access to formal financial systems, empowering them economically and reducing inequalities.

Lastly, the need for robust cybersecurity measures was highlighted. As ICT infrastructure continues to expand, protecting against cybercrime and ensuring data confidentiality becomes increasingly important. By implementing strong cybersecurity measures, individuals and organisations can mitigate risks and safeguard the integrity of their digital systems.

In conclusion, the extended summary highlights the diverse range of opportunities presented by ICT infrastructure for sustainable development. It underscores the need for stable internet connectivity, education and training programmes, innovation and entrepreneurship support, digitisation of public services, usage of ICTs in health and agriculture, public-private partnerships, adoption of digital financial services, and robust cybersecurity measures. By prioritising these aspects, policymakers can work towards bridging the digital divide and promoting inclusive and sustainable development.

Sulyna Abdullah

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) has made significant advancements in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) since its establishment 20 years ago. One of the notable achievements is the exponential growth of internet users, which has increased from 12.4% of the global population in 2003 to a staggering 67% in 2023. This remarkable progress highlights the increasing global connectivity and access to digital technologies.

WSIS serves as a shining example of global digital cooperation and has evolved into a multi-stakeholder, global community over the years. It has provided a robust framework for promoting digital progress and remains relevant in addressing the challenges and opportunities arising from the rapid advancements in technology. With the continuous evolution of ICTs, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of addressing risks and challenges associated with technological progress. There is a shared responsibility to ensure the responsible and ethical use of technology, as well as addressing potential harms and risks.

Affordability remains a significant obstacle to achieving universal connectivity. In low-income economies, the cost of entry-level mobile broadband subscriptions amounts to an alarming 8.6% of the average income. This disparity in affordability hinders equal access to digital technologies and exacerbates the digital divide between different socioeconomic groups and regions. Bridging this gap and making digital technologies more accessible to all remains a pressing challenge.

Despite the progress made, there are still approximately 2.6 billion people who do not have internet access. This digital divide represents an urgent need to connect those who remain offline. The inclusion of these individuals into the digital world holds immense potential for social and economic development on a global scale. Efforts should be focused on providing affordable and accessible internet connectivity to underserved areas and populations.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) plays a crucial role in fostering an inclusive digital future for all. As a testament to this commitment, the ITU will co-host the WSIS Plus 20 Forum high-level event scheduled for May 27 to 31, 2024. This forum presents an opportunity to harness the momentum gained from the WSIS Plus 20 review and further advance the goals of digital inclusion and reduced inequality. It serves as a platform for discussing innovative strategies, sharing best practices, and forging partnerships to overcome the challenges and ensure an equitable digital future.

In conclusion, the World Summit on the Information Society has witnessed significant progress in the field of ICTs over the past two decades. The growth of internet users worldwide, the global digital cooperation facilitated by WSIS, and its robust framework for advancing digital progress are notable achievements. However, challenges such as affordability and the digital divide persist, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to bridge the gaps in access and ensure an inclusive digital future for all. The ITU’s commitment to this cause and the upcoming WSIS Plus 20 Forum further demonstrate the determination to overcome these challenges and create a more equitable digital society.

Jorge Cancio Melia

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the main points discussed in the given texts.

Firstly, the importance of inclusion and empowerment in a digital society is emphasized. The speakers highlight that as digital technologies become integral to our lives, the lack of inclusion can lead to societal divides. They argue that addressing digital divides is crucial for the development and progress of all individuals. This argument is supported by the vision of a people-centred, inclusive, and development-oriented information society from WSIS 2003. The speakers advocate for creating an inclusive digital society that ensures equal opportunities for everyone.

Secondly, the need to align the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is highlighted. It is acknowledged that digital technologies have the potential to address major issues identified by the SDGs. The speakers argue that as society becomes increasingly digital, it is essential to ensure accessibility to these technologies for all individuals. This alignment with the SDGs will help in achieving sustainable development and reducing inequalities.

The analysis also touches upon the potential risks associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies. It is acknowledged that AI has the potential to disrupt various aspects of society, including biased programming, effects on the job market, and the opacity of decision-making mechanisms. The speakers stress the need to mitigate these risks through effective regulation. They argue that regulations should focus on addressing the potential negative effects rather than restricting the technology itself. The importance of striking a balance between the benefits and risks of AI is emphasized.

Furthermore, the speakers argue for the regulation of AI to be in line with international law and human rights. They advocate for AI technologies to abide by established international legal frameworks and respect human rights. Initiatives such as the Council of Europe working on a convention on AI are supported as they seek to ensure responsible and ethical use of AI.

Additionally, the analysis highlights the need to update the WSIS architecture to address emerging technologies. It is argued that the ongoing WSIS plus 20 review provides an opportunity to make the architecture more current and relevant. The Secretary-General’s roadmap for digital cooperation, which endorses updating the WSIS architecture, is seen as a positive step towards addressing the challenges posed by emerging technologies.

Lastly, the importance of international cooperation is emphasized in managing emerging technologies. The analysis suggests that UN departments, agencies, and forums can serve as valuable platforms for collaboration and cooperation. The speakers support the Secretary-General’s roadmap for digital cooperation and the WSIS-Plus-20 review, which both advocate for increased international cooperation in navigating the complexities of emerging technologies.

Overall, the speakers highlight the importance of inclusion, alignment with the SDGs, regulation of AI, updating of WSIS architecture, and international cooperation in navigating the challenges and opportunities of a digital society. The analysis provides valuable insights into the key points raised in the texts, offering a nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding digital inclusion, AI governance, and the role of international cooperation in shaping the future of our increasingly digital world. The analysis emphasises the significance of inclusion, empowerment, alignment with SDGs, regulation of AI, and international cooperation within a digital society. The importance of addressing digital divides, ensuring accessibility to technologies, and mitigating the risks associated with AI and emerging technologies are stressed. The need to update the WSIS architecture and collaborate internationally in navigating the challenges of the digital era is also highlighted. The analysis offers key insights into the complex issues of digital inclusion, AI governance, and the role of international cooperation in shaping a sustainable and inclusive digital future.

Silvana Fumega

The detailed analysis highlights several important points regarding the digital economy and the role of information technology (IT) in shaping it. One key finding is the significant impact of IT advancements on the landscape of the digital economy. Over the past 20 years since the inception of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), continuous progress in IT has greatly influenced the development of the digital economy.

Integration of IT and data into various sectors, such as education, healthcare, and economic development, has played a crucial role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis emphasizes the positive impact of ICT and data in moving forward towards achieving SDGs 3, 4, and 8, which relate to good health and well-being, quality education, and decent work and economic growth, respectively. By leveraging IT tools and harnessing the power of data, advancements in these sectors have become more attainable, contributing to overall progress in sustainable development.

The analysis also highlights the importance of responsible AI systems. To ensure socially responsible digital practices, AI systems must be transparent, equitable, and free from biases. This emphasis on responsible AI reflects the need for ethical considerations in the development and implementation of AI technologies. By integrating ethical principles and promoting transparency in AI systems, trust and confidence can be fostered in the digital marketplace.

Additionally, the analysis underscores the significance of data production processes and the involvement of developing countries in these processes. It argues that the participation of developing countries in data production is crucial to ensure inclusive and comprehensive data representation. By actively involving developing countries, a more accurate and representative understanding of global challenges and realities can be achieved.

The protection of personal data is another crucial aspect highlighted in the analysis. It stresses the need to balance the promotion of open data initiatives with ensuring the privacy and security of personal data. The increasing concerns related to data breaches and privacy necessitate the establishment of robust data protection frameworks. Such frameworks are vital for maintaining trust and confidence in the digital sphere.

The analysis also recognizes the digital divide and the importance of bridging it. Inclusivity in ICT access, particularly for marginalized and underserved communities, is essential for achieving equitable development. By addressing the digital divide and ensuring equal access to essential digital resources, efforts can be made to reduce inequalities and foster development opportunities for all.

In conclusion, the analysis emphasizes the transformative role of IT and data in the digital economy. It highlights the integration of IT in various sectors as a crucial factor in advancing the SDGs. Responsible AI, transparent data governance, data protection and privacy, bridging the digital divide, and promoting inclusivity in ICT access for marginalized communities are key areas of focus for ensuring equitable and sustainable development in the digital age. Overall, these insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, stakeholders, and organizations working towards leveraging technology for positive societal impact.

Shamika N. Sirimanne

According to the information provided, a significant portion of the global population, estimated to be around one-third, still lacks access to the internet. This issue is particularly prevalent in least developed countries, where only 36% of the population is connected. The lack of internet connectivity in these regions highlights the pressing need for global efforts to ensure universal access to the internet, as it plays a crucial role in fostering socioeconomic development and bridging the digital divide.

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) is an important platform dedicated to addressing these issues. There is a strong interest among stakeholders to continue the WSIS process beyond 2025, as evidenced by the successful first CSTD consultation held in Kyoto. Participants from diverse sectors expressed unanimous support for the ongoing WSIS process. This widespread interest reflects the recognition of the importance of sustained efforts to promote digitalization and international cooperation in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

The multi-stakeholder approach employed in the WSIS process is considered a valuable practice for the Global Digital Cooperation (GDC) and future summits. This approach involves involving and engaging various stakeholders, including governments, civil society, the private sector, and international organizations, in shaping and enhancing the WSIS process. The positive sentiment towards this approach suggests that it fosters collaboration, inclusivity, and effective decision-making.

Furthermore, collaboration and partnership between key WSIS players such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are crucial for a successful review of the WSIS. The establishment of partnerships and the joint efforts of these organizations is considered a commendable achievement by the United Nations Committee on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD).

In conclusion, it is clear that there is still a significant portion of the global population that lacks internet connectivity, highlighting the urgent need for global action. The WSIS process has garnered widespread interest and support for its continuation beyond 2025, and the multi-stakeholder approach used in this process is considered an effective practice. Collaboration and partnership with key WSIS players are crucial for conducting a successful review of WSIS, ensuring inclusivity and collective action in addressing the challenges of digital connectivity.

Pauline Kariuki

Digital developments have had a positive impact on SMEs and entrepreneurship in Africa. Entrepreneurs are capitalising on digital services which are being provided in response to growing demand. SMEs are also embracing e-commerce platforms, expanding their market presence and reaching a wider customer base.

The digital payments sector in Africa is experiencing growth due to technological development and innovation. Mobile payments are increasingly popular, driven by their convenience and accessibility. Startups are actively developing payment solutions through digital wallets, further facilitating the adoption of digital payments.

However, Africa still faces significant challenges in establishing a sustainable digital economy. The lack of infrastructure, such as reliable and affordable internet connectivity, hampers the adoption of digital technologies and restricts online business growth. Expensive shipping costs present additional barriers for e-commerce expansion.

Trust issues around online transactions contribute to the slower growth of the digital economy in Africa. Concerns over security and reliability deter widespread adoption of digital services. Building consumer trust and ensuring the safety of online transactions are essential for continued growth.

Insufficient government support is another hindrance to the development of the digital economy. Startups and digital businesses require supportive policies and regulations to foster growth, including access to affordable intellectual property protection.

Moreover, low internet penetration and high internet costs impede the expansion of the digital economy in Africa. Limited internet access in many countries combined with expensive usage costs restrict digital growth. Initiatives promoting affordable internet access and improved infrastructure are necessary to address these challenges.

In conclusion, digital developments have brought about positive changes for SMEs and entrepreneurship in Africa. However, barriers such as infrastructure limitations, high shipping costs, trust issues, insufficient government support, low internet penetration, and high internet costs continue to impede the creation of a sustainable digital economy. Collaborative efforts are needed to overcome these challenges and create an environment that fosters digital growth and economic development in Africa.

Audience

The WSIS Plus 20 review is approaching, and it is imperative to assess whether the principles of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) have been fulfilled. One important argument raised is the need to address the monopolization of the digital economy by a few companies. Big tech corporations hold significant infrastructure capabilities, forcing smaller players to rely on them to participate in the digital economy. Furthermore, trade forums are being used to determine unrestricted data access, limit source code transparency, and restrict access to information. Data governance is also a crucial topic that requires suitable amendments to intellectual property law, competition law, labor law, trade taxation and investment regimes, and data governance itself. It is argued that data governance should not only focus on privacy and data protection but also on regulating and improving public welfare systems. The EU continues to support the multi-stakeholder Internet governance model and the principles of the Tunis agenda. The role of the WSIS and the Internet Governance Forum in the success of the internet was highlighted. The EU is committed to keeping human rights as the foundation of an open, free, and secure online space. Additionally, the EU and its member states are working towards deploying digital networks and infrastructures worldwide through the Global Gateway S-TEAM Europe. Harnessing the digital potential for wider public good, particularly in the Global South, was underscored. The aim is to prevent the digital potential from being disproportionately concentrated in a small number of platform corporations. Furthermore, it is postulated that the WSIS-plus-20 has the potential to play a key role in this regard. Building a binding global governance framework for digital human rights is another important argument put forward. This involves establishing the right to freedom from commercial surveillance and personal profiling as part of the right to privacy. Additionally, communities should have the right to steward their data resources as part of their economic, social, and cultural rights. A digital development tax is recommended to create a digital solidarity fund that can help build public digital infrastructure in developing countries. This will enable low and middle-income countries to have better control over their data resources and digital destinies. Compelling interoperability for digital platforms and plural digital media is advocated. Interoperability can help ensure information integrity and plurality in media. Common protocols, data structures, and AI are seen as important components of interoperability. Promoting alternative platforms, data, and AI models rooted in local accountability, women’s participation, and ecological sustainability is highlighted. Public investment is deemed necessary to promote these alternative models based on values that align with local needs and ecological sustainability. The digital transformation is characterized as important, diverse, and still relevant. The developments in AI and other emerging technologies call for a proactive and anticipatory approach to digital and tech governance. Education, e-health, and gender equality are considered relevant and requisite topics for meeting gender equality. However, it is emphasized that traditional goals should not be neglected in the pursuit of new tech topics. Accountability and a human rights-based approach to the digital transformation are essential. Evidence has shown the risks to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law that come with the digital transformation. Therefore, it is argued that a human-centric approach is essential in addressing the digital transformation. The environmental impact of the digital transformation should be part of a new agenda. This aligns with SDG 13: Climate Action and calls for considering the environmental consequences of digital technologies. Internet access, mobile penetration, and cybersecurity were mentioned in relation to Africa. While there have been significant improvements in internet access and mobile penetration, challenges still remain. For example, 63% of the African population is offline, and concerns related to cybersecurity account for 10% of Africa’s GDP. The importance of integrating emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence and generative blockchain technology into the WSIS process was stressed. It is crucial to improve the implementation and measurement of targets and align the WSIS with the SDGs. The impact of the WSIS was seen as positive in bridging the digital divide. Internet access and mobile penetration have significantly increased, and countries like Kenya have shown progress in the development of startups. However, the need to reduce the gap between those with and without affordable connectivity and reinforce global infrastructure was highlighted. Inclusivity in the governance and development of the internet was considered crucial. Discussions around universal acceptance and internationalized domain names were seen as essential for achieving inclusivity. The multi-stakeholder process and UN agencies were recognized as vital parts of the WSIS review. Engaging with these mechanisms, such as the UN high-level track at the WSIS forum in 2024, was seen as crucial for positive engagement. The WSIS Plus 20 consultation was acknowledged and appreciated for its role in the review process. Indonesia sees the WSIS as a crucial catalyst in harnessing ICT for the SDGs and highlights the importance of the annual WSIS prizes for digital transformation in the country. It is desirable to align the WSIS with the SDGs, as many agree on the importance of this alignment. This could lead to more well-rounded achievements. Indicators for connectivity and gender inequality were deemed important and should be considered in the review process. The mandates of the RGF, WSIS forums, and CSTD were also discussed, with calls to accept and extend their roles. Establishing a link between internet forums and political forums in the UN was suggested to strengthen the connection between these two spheres. The importance of regularly reviewing emerging issues, taking input from regional RGFs, and updating the business framework was highlighted. It was noted that the World Radiocommunication Conference already updates radio regulations regularly. The CSTD review and ECOSOC resolution were considered important and should be more relevant to the current context. In conclusion, the WSIS Plus 20 review provides an opportunity to assess and improve on the achievements of the past 20 years. It is crucial to address the issues of the monopolization of the digital economy, data governance, and inclusivity in the governance and development of the internet. The review should also focus on building a global governance framework for digital human rights, implementing a digital development tax, and promoting alternative platforms rooted in accountability and sustainability. Connectivity, the environmental impact of the digital transformation, and the alignment of the WSIS with the SDGs were also emphasized. The review process should involve various stakeholders, including the multi-stakeholder process and UN agencies, to ensure a comprehensive and effective evaluation of the WSIS.

Ana Cristina das Neves

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) is a global initiative with the vision of establishing an inclusive and development-oriented information society. The goal of WSIS is to prioritize people, ensuring equal access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) and their benefits. To track progress and effectively implement this vision, regular introspection and reviews are crucial.

Open consultations have been conducted during the Internet Governance Forum in Kyoto, Japan, inviting input from stakeholders. These consultations aim to gather insights on the implementation of WSIS and its future. The first consultation took place in October, and the second is currently ongoing, focusing on the WSIS implementation and future prospects.

One key aspect of review is the impact of emerging technologies, specifically artificial intelligence (AI), on human development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While emerging technologies have the potential to bring about positive changes, concerns have been raised about potential negative effects, such as exacerbating inequalities and threatening privacy and human rights.

In addition to addressing these concerns, discussions on the implementation and evolution of WSIS also explore the challenges and measures required to advance international cooperation and governance in leveraging emerging technologies for sustainable development. It is crucial to ensure that these technologies promote inclusivity, digital literacy, and equal access while mitigating risks and negative impacts.

In view of these ongoing discussions, a high-level meeting is planned for 2025 to review the WSIS Plus 20 review. The meeting will assess the overall implementation of WSIS outcomes and gather insights and recommendations from stakeholders. The Secretariat for the WSIS Technology and Sustainable Development Division (SESTD) has been assigned the responsibility of collecting inputs from stakeholders and presenting a consolidated report to the Economic and Social Council (EcoSOC) and General Assembly in 2025.

In conclusion, WSIS is a significant global initiative focused on establishing an inclusive and development-oriented information society. Regular reviews and discussions are necessary for effective implementation of the WSIS vision. The impact of emerging technologies, such as AI, on human development and SDGs is a pressing concern, along with the need for international cooperation and governance in leveraging these technologies for sustainable development. The high-level meeting in 2025 will provide an opportunity to review WSIS outcomes and gather valuable insights for future action.

Ichwan Makmur Nasution

The rapid worldwide digital transformation is reshaping the way we live and work, making digitalisation a main factor in economic development. Currently, more than five billion individuals worldwide are using the internet. Digitalisation increases labour productivity, creates new demand for goods and services, and improves the quality of the overall economy.

Indonesia is committed to accelerating inclusive and sustainable digital transformation. The country has seen significant growth in its digital economy, which grew from US$41 billion in 2019 to US$77 billion in 2022. Indonesia is investing in the development of ICT infrastructure, such as digital infrastructure and cloud computing, to support this growth.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can greatly improve decision-making and service delivery. However, it also presents challenges such as misinformation and data breaches, which can threaten business conduct and reduce business confidence. Implementing regulations and ethical practices is crucial to address these challenges.

Inclusivity in the digital space is a top priority for Indonesia. The country is focusing on helping people with disabilities by providing digital literacy programs and specific activities like podcast classes. This ensures that digital advancements benefit all members of society.

In conclusion, the worldwide digital transformation has significant impacts on economic development. Indonesia’s commitment to inclusive and sustainable digital transformation is demonstrated through its investments in ICT infrastructure and efforts to assist people with disabilities. It is essential to address challenges such as misinformation and data breaches in the use of AI. Inclusivity in the digital space is crucial to ensure that digital advancements benefit everyone.

Speakers

AC

Ana Cristina das Neves

Speech speed

139 words per minute

Speech length

1939 words

Speech time

834 secs

Arguments

The World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) vision is to establish a people-centered, inclusive and development-oriented information society.

Supporting facts:

  • WSIS was conducted the first open consultation during the 18th Internet Governance Forum held in Kyoto, Japan in October.
  • The second open consultation is underway with a focus on the WSIS implementation and its future.

Topics: WSIS, Information Society, Inclusion, Sustainable Development

General Assembly Resolution A-70-125 was adopted for a high-level meeting to review the WSIS Plus 20 review in 2025.

Supporting facts:

  • This review meeting is meant for reviewing the overall implementation of outcomes of the World Summit on Information Society.
  • SESTD has been tasked to collect inputs from stakeholders and present a consolidated report to the EcoSOC and General Assembly in 2025.

Topics: WSIS, General Assembly, Resolution A-70-125

Report

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) is a global initiative with the vision of establishing an inclusive and development-oriented information society. The goal of WSIS is to prioritize people, ensuring equal access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) and their benefits.

To track progress and effectively implement this vision, regular introspection and reviews are crucial. Open consultations have been conducted during the Internet Governance Forum in Kyoto, Japan, inviting input from stakeholders. These consultations aim to gather insights on the implementation of WSIS and its future.

The first consultation took place in October, and the second is currently ongoing, focusing on the WSIS implementation and future prospects. One key aspect of review is the impact of emerging technologies, specifically artificial intelligence (AI), on human development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

While emerging technologies have the potential to bring about positive changes, concerns have been raised about potential negative effects, such as exacerbating inequalities and threatening privacy and human rights. In addition to addressing these concerns, discussions on the implementation and evolution of WSIS also explore the challenges and measures required to advance international cooperation and governance in leveraging emerging technologies for sustainable development.

It is crucial to ensure that these technologies promote inclusivity, digital literacy, and equal access while mitigating risks and negative impacts. In view of these ongoing discussions, a high-level meeting is planned for 2025 to review the WSIS Plus 20 review. The meeting will assess the overall implementation of WSIS outcomes and gather insights and recommendations from stakeholders.

The Secretariat for the WSIS Technology and Sustainable Development Division (SESTD) has been assigned the responsibility of collecting inputs from stakeholders and presenting a consolidated report to the Economic and Social Council (EcoSOC) and General Assembly in 2025. In conclusion, WSIS is a significant global initiative focused on establishing an inclusive and development-oriented information society.

Regular reviews and discussions are necessary for effective implementation of the WSIS vision. The impact of emerging technologies, such as AI, on human development and SDGs is a pressing concern, along with the need for international cooperation and governance in leveraging these technologies for sustainable development.

The high-level meeting in 2025 will provide an opportunity to review WSIS outcomes and gather valuable insights for future action.

A

Audience

Speech speed

181 words per minute

Speech length

3564 words

Speech time

1183 secs

Arguments

In the run-up to the WSIS plus 20 review, it is imperative to address whether the principles espoused at the WSIS have been fulfilled

Supporting facts:

  • The information society is in the hands of a few based primarily in the U.S. and China
  • Online violence, poor labor policies, loss of privacy, and discrimination are prevalent

Topics: Digital rights, Social justice, Equity, Information society, Economic growth, Job creation

Data governance must happen not just for privacy and data protection, but also for regulating and improving public welfare systems.

Supporting facts:

  • The need for suitable amendments to IP law, competition law, labor law, trade taxation and investment regimes, and data governance.
  • Public financing systems need to be at the center of these processes.

Topics: Data Governance, Privacy, Data Protection, Public Welfare Systems

Harnessing the digital potential for wider public good, including in the South

Supporting facts:

  • Global Digital Justice forum represents 15 international civil society organizations working towards this goal
  • The goal is to prevent the digital potential going disproportionately to a small number of platform corporations
  • The belief is that the WSIS-plus-20 has the potential to play a key role

Topics: Digital Technologies, South Perspective, Platform corporations

Building towards a binding global governance framework in relation to digital human rights

Supporting facts:

  • This includes prohibition of certain areas for data market forces in key areas of human rights
  • The need to establish the right of freedom from commercial surveillance and personal profiling as part of the right to privacy
  • Communities should have the right to steward their data resources as part of their economic, social, and cultural rights

Topics: Digital human rights, Commercial surveillance, Data market

Digital development tax to develop a digital solidarity fund

Supporting facts:

  • The UN Secretary General recommended the digital development tax
  • The digital solidarity fund can help build public digital infrastructure in developing countries
  • Low and middle-income countries can better control their data resources and digital destinities with the help of the fund

Topics: Digital Development Tax, Digital Solidarity Fund

Compelling interoperability for digital platforms and plural digital media

Supporting facts:

  • Interoperability can help ensure information integrity and plurarity in media
  • Interoperability should be compelled based on common protocols, data structures, and AI
  • The EU recognises the importance of this, among other regions

Topics: Digital Platforms, Interoperability, Media

Promoting alternative platforms, data and AI models rooted in local accountability, women’s participation and ecological sustainability

Supporting facts:

  • It’s important to invest publicly to promote these alternative models
  • These models should be based on values such as local accountability, women’s participation and ecological sustainability

Topics: AI Models, Alternative platforms, Ecological Sustainability

The digital transformation is important, diverse, but still relevant

Supporting facts:

  • The developments in AI and other emerging technologies call for a proactive and anticipatory approach to digital and tech governments

Topics: digital transformation, public value, sustainable development

Issues like education, e-health etc. are relevant and requisite for meeting gender equality

Topics: education, e-health, gender equality

It’s crucial to not just focus on new tech topics and neglect the achievement of traditional goals

Topics: digital transformation, traditional goals

The digital transformation should not be accountable and under threat

Topics: digital transformation, accountability

Human-centric and human rights-based approach is essential in addressing the digital transformation

Supporting facts:

  • We today have evidence about the risks of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law that come with the digital transformation that we did not have 20 years ago

Topics: digital transformation, human rights

Despite the progress seen in Africa due to WSIS, challenges remain

Supporting facts:

  • Internet access increased from 2.6% in 2005 to 37% in 2022
  • Mobile penetration increased from 9.1% to 80% during the same period
  • 63% of African population is offline
  • 500 million people are without any legal form of identity
  • Concerns related to cybersecurity account for 10% of Africa’s GDP

Topics: Internet Access, Mobile penetration, Cybersecurity

WSIS+20 review should focus on integration with emerging technologies, improving implementation and aligning better with SDGs

Supporting facts:

  • The review should assess the relevance of WSIS’s action lines to emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence and generative blockchain technology
  • There is a need to improve WSIS process in implementing and measuring targets
  • WSIS should be better aligned with the SDGs

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, SDGs

The Bulgarian Foreign Minister reconfirmed the country’s support for the multi-stakeholder approach and the integrity of the Internet

Supporting facts:

  • The Bulgarian Foreign Minister, Maria Gabriela addressed the high-level ministerial meeting at the United Nations in September

Topics: Multi-stakeholder approach, Internet Governance

There has been sizable progress since 2003 in the field of Internet Governance

Supporting facts:

  • The WSIS Plus 10 outcome document updated the Tunis agenda in a positive way

Topics: WSIS, Internet Governance

Support for the extension of the IGF for another 10 years

Topics: IGF, Internet Governance

The internet and digital technologies have transformed the way society works

Supporting facts:

  • Over the last 20 years, internet and digital technologies have brought significant changes across regions, countries and sectors

Topics: Internet, Digital Technology

WSIS outcomes review in 2025 is an opportunity to take stock of what has worked well and what hasn’t

Supporting facts:

  • WSIS action lines have been effective tools to guide actions, ensuring internet is accessible for everyone
  • This review will reflect the internet’s role in social and economic transformations

Topics: WSIS Review, Internet Governance

Connectivity and infrastructure are crucial for reducing the digital divide and sustaining reliable internet access

Supporting facts:

  • There is a need to reduce and remove the gap between those with and without affordable and reliable connectivity
  • The reinforcement of infrastructure is needed to ensure internet reliability globally

Topics: Connectivity, Infrastructure, Digital Divide

Inclusivity is important in the governance and development of the internet

Supporting facts:

  • Everyone should be able to contribute in the governance and development of the internet
  • The development of the internet should consider inclusivity, and discussions around universal acceptance and internationalized domain names are essential for this

Topics: Inclusivity, Digital Inclusion, Internet Governance

Appreciation to WSIS secretariat for holding WSIS 20 consultation

Topics: WSIS 20 consultation

Indonesia sees WSIS as a crucial catalyst in harnessing ICT for SDGs

Topics: WSIS, ICT, SDGs

Annual WSIS prizes are integral for digital transformation in Indonesia

Topics: WSIS prizes, Digital Transformation

Indonesia strongly supports the Tunis agenda and the Internet Governance Forum (IGF)

Topics: Tunis Agenda, Internet Governance Forum, Digital Governance

Indonesia wishes to participate more in dynamic negotiations and make substantive contributions to the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Topics: Global Digital Compact, Tunis agenda

GDC should be inclusive, emphasizing the perspective and needs of the global south

Topics: Global Digital Compact, Inclusivity, Global South

It is desirable to align the WSIS to SDGs

Supporting facts:

  • There is common agreement on the importance of this alignment
  • The connection between WSIS and SDGs could provide more rounded achievements

Topics: WSIS, SDGs

Important to have indicators for connectivity, gender inequality

Topics: Connectivity, Gender Inequality

The mandates of RGF and WSIS forums should be accepted

Topics: RGF, WSIS

The mandate of the CSTD should be extended

Topics: CSTD

Establish a link between forums and political forums in the UN

Supporting facts:

  • There is a gap between these

Topics: UN, political forums

Regularly review emerging issues and take input from regional RGFs

Supporting facts:

  • This is already happening

Topics: RGF, regional forums

Regularly update the business framework

Supporting facts:

  • World Radio Communication Conference updates radio regulations regularly

Topics: business framework

CSTD review and ECOSOC resolution should be more relevant

Topics: CSTD, ECOSOC

Report

The WSIS Plus 20 review is approaching, and it is imperative to assess whether the principles of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) have been fulfilled. One important argument raised is the need to address the monopolization of the digital economy by a few companies.

Big tech corporations hold significant infrastructure capabilities, forcing smaller players to rely on them to participate in the digital economy. Furthermore, trade forums are being used to determine unrestricted data access, limit source code transparency, and restrict access to information.

Data governance is also a crucial topic that requires suitable amendments to intellectual property law, competition law, labor law, trade taxation and investment regimes, and data governance itself. It is argued that data governance should not only focus on privacy and data protection but also on regulating and improving public welfare systems.

The EU continues to support the multi-stakeholder Internet governance model and the principles of the Tunis agenda. The role of the WSIS and the Internet Governance Forum in the success of the internet was highlighted. The EU is committed to keeping human rights as the foundation of an open, free, and secure online space.

Additionally, the EU and its member states are working towards deploying digital networks and infrastructures worldwide through the Global Gateway S-TEAM Europe. Harnessing the digital potential for wider public good, particularly in the Global South, was underscored. The aim is to prevent the digital potential from being disproportionately concentrated in a small number of platform corporations.

Furthermore, it is postulated that the WSIS-plus-20 has the potential to play a key role in this regard. Building a binding global governance framework for digital human rights is another important argument put forward. This involves establishing the right to freedom from commercial surveillance and personal profiling as part of the right to privacy.

Additionally, communities should have the right to steward their data resources as part of their economic, social, and cultural rights. A digital development tax is recommended to create a digital solidarity fund that can help build public digital infrastructure in developing countries.

This will enable low and middle-income countries to have better control over their data resources and digital destinies. Compelling interoperability for digital platforms and plural digital media is advocated. Interoperability can help ensure information integrity and plurality in media. Common protocols, data structures, and AI are seen as important components of interoperability.

Promoting alternative platforms, data, and AI models rooted in local accountability, women’s participation, and ecological sustainability is highlighted. Public investment is deemed necessary to promote these alternative models based on values that align with local needs and ecological sustainability. The digital transformation is characterized as important, diverse, and still relevant.

The developments in AI and other emerging technologies call for a proactive and anticipatory approach to digital and tech governance. Education, e-health, and gender equality are considered relevant and requisite topics for meeting gender equality. However, it is emphasized that traditional goals should not be neglected in the pursuit of new tech topics.

Accountability and a human rights-based approach to the digital transformation are essential. Evidence has shown the risks to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law that come with the digital transformation. Therefore, it is argued that a human-centric approach is essential in addressing the digital transformation.

The environmental impact of the digital transformation should be part of a new agenda. This aligns with SDG 13: Climate Action and calls for considering the environmental consequences of digital technologies. Internet access, mobile penetration, and cybersecurity were mentioned in relation to Africa.

While there have been significant improvements in internet access and mobile penetration, challenges still remain. For example, 63% of the African population is offline, and concerns related to cybersecurity account for 10% of Africa’s GDP. The importance of integrating emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence and generative blockchain technology into the WSIS process was stressed.

It is crucial to improve the implementation and measurement of targets and align the WSIS with the SDGs. The impact of the WSIS was seen as positive in bridging the digital divide. Internet access and mobile penetration have significantly increased, and countries like Kenya have shown progress in the development of startups.

However, the need to reduce the gap between those with and without affordable connectivity and reinforce global infrastructure was highlighted. Inclusivity in the governance and development of the internet was considered crucial. Discussions around universal acceptance and internationalized domain names were seen as essential for achieving inclusivity.

The multi-stakeholder process and UN agencies were recognized as vital parts of the WSIS review. Engaging with these mechanisms, such as the UN high-level track at the WSIS forum in 2024, was seen as crucial for positive engagement. The WSIS Plus 20 consultation was acknowledged and appreciated for its role in the review process.

Indonesia sees the WSIS as a crucial catalyst in harnessing ICT for the SDGs and highlights the importance of the annual WSIS prizes for digital transformation in the country. It is desirable to align the WSIS with the SDGs, as many agree on the importance of this alignment.

This could lead to more well-rounded achievements. Indicators for connectivity and gender inequality were deemed important and should be considered in the review process. The mandates of the RGF, WSIS forums, and CSTD were also discussed, with calls to accept and extend their roles.

Establishing a link between internet forums and political forums in the UN was suggested to strengthen the connection between these two spheres. The importance of regularly reviewing emerging issues, taking input from regional RGFs, and updating the business framework was highlighted.

It was noted that the World Radiocommunication Conference already updates radio regulations regularly. The CSTD review and ECOSOC resolution were considered important and should be more relevant to the current context. In conclusion, the WSIS Plus 20 review provides an opportunity to assess and improve on the achievements of the past 20 years.

It is crucial to address the issues of the monopolization of the digital economy, data governance, and inclusivity in the governance and development of the internet. The review should also focus on building a global governance framework for digital human rights, implementing a digital development tax, and promoting alternative platforms rooted in accountability and sustainability.

Connectivity, the environmental impact of the digital transformation, and the alignment of the WSIS with the SDGs were also emphasized. The review process should involve various stakeholders, including the multi-stakeholder process and UN agencies, to ensure a comprehensive and effective evaluation of the WSIS.

HS

H.E Sabri Bachtobji

Speech speed

156 words per minute

Speech length

1190 words

Speech time

458 secs

Arguments

Importance of ICT infrastructure for sustainable development especially in rural Africa

Supporting facts:

  • Needs stable internet connectivity
  • Secure access to electricity
  • Affordable communications devices

Topics: ICT infrastructure, Rural Africa, Sustainable development

Necessity of education and training programs

Supporting facts:

  • People develop necessary skills to benefit from technology
  • Promotion of digital culture
  • Vocational training in areas linked to ICTs

Topics: Education, Training, ICT skills

Promoting innovation and entrepreneurship

Supporting facts:

  • Supporting startups through incubators, accelerators, and funding
  • Creating a conducive environment for innovation

Topics: Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Startups

Enhancing digitization of public services

Supporting facts:

  • Involves making digital platforms accessible and user-friendly
  • Includes online tax systems
  • Digital identification systems

Topics: Digital platforms, E-governance systems, Digital identification systems

Usage of ICTs in health and agriculture

Supporting facts:

  • Telemedicine for long-distance patient appointments
  • Access to markets for farmers through technology

Topics: Telemedicine, Agricultural information systems, Technology in farming

Importance of promoting public-private partnerships

Supporting facts:

  • Cooperation among governments, private sector bodies, NGOs, and international organizations

Topics: Public-private partnerships, Cooperation, Technology in development

Adoption of digital financial services

Supporting facts:

  • Mobile banking, mobile payment services can foster financial inclusion and economic growth

Topics: Mobile banking, Financial technology, Financial inclusion, Economic growth

Need for robust cybersecurity measures

Supporting facts:

  • Need to protect against cybercrime and to ensure data confidentiality

Topics: Cybersecurity, Cybercrime, Data confidentiality

Report

The extended summary delves deeper into the key points, arguments, evidence, and conclusion of the discussion on the importance of ICT infrastructure for sustainable development, particularly in rural Africa. It is emphasised that stable internet connectivity, secure access to electricity, and affordable communications devices are crucial for the development and growth of ICT infrastructure in rural areas.

These factors are seen as essential for promoting economic and social progress in these regions. The necessity of education and training programmes is highlighted as a means to ensure that people are equipped with the necessary skills to benefit from technology.

This includes the promotion of digital culture and the provision of vocational training in areas linked to ICTs. By developing the skills and knowledge required to effectively use and leverage technology, individuals can take advantage of the opportunities presented by ICT infrastructure.

The discussion also underscores the importance of promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. Supporting startups through incubators, accelerators, and funding is seen as essential for fostering a conducive environment for innovation. This, in turn, can contribute to economic growth and the creation of decent work opportunities.

Enhancing the digitisation of public services is considered a crucial aspect of sustainable development. This involves making digital platforms accessible and user-friendly, as well as implementing online tax systems and digital identification systems. By digitising public services, governments can improve efficiency and accessibility, while contributing to the development of sustainable cities and communities.

The usage of ICTs in health and agriculture was also emphasised. Telemedicine was highlighted as a way to provide long-distance patient appointments, ensuring that individuals in remote areas have access to healthcare services. Additionally, technology can facilitate access to markets for farmers, enabling them to sell their produce and improve their livelihoods.

The importance of public-private partnerships was emphasised as a means to promote collaboration among governments, private sector bodies, NGOs, and international organisations. By working together, these stakeholders can leverage their resources and expertise to drive sustainable development and achieve the SDGs.

The adoption of digital financial services, such as mobile banking and payment services, was discussed as a means to foster financial inclusion and economic growth. These services can provide individuals with access to formal financial systems, empowering them economically and reducing inequalities.

Lastly, the need for robust cybersecurity measures was highlighted. As ICT infrastructure continues to expand, protecting against cybercrime and ensuring data confidentiality becomes increasingly important. By implementing strong cybersecurity measures, individuals and organisations can mitigate risks and safeguard the integrity of their digital systems.

In conclusion, the extended summary highlights the diverse range of opportunities presented by ICT infrastructure for sustainable development. It underscores the need for stable internet connectivity, education and training programmes, innovation and entrepreneurship support, digitisation of public services, usage of ICTs in health and agriculture, public-private partnerships, adoption of digital financial services, and robust cybersecurity measures.

By prioritising these aspects, policymakers can work towards bridging the digital divide and promoting inclusive and sustainable development.

IM

Ichwan Makmur Nasution

Speech speed

125 words per minute

Speech length

976 words

Speech time

467 secs

Arguments

The rapid worldwide digital transformation is reshaping the way we live and work, making digitalization a main factor in economic development

Supporting facts:

  • Currently more than five billion individuals worldwide are using Internet
  • Digitalization increases labor productivity, creates new demand for goods and services, and improves the quality of the overall economy.

Topics: Digital transformation, ICT Infrastructure, Economic development

Indonesia is committed to accelerating inclusive and sustainable digital transformation.

Supporting facts:

  • Indonesia’s digital economy grew from US$41 billion in 2019 to US$77 billion in 2022.
  • Indonesia is investing in the development of ICT, such as digital infrastructure, cloud computing etc.

Topics: Digital Transformation, ICT Infrastructure, Inclusivity

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can greatly improve decision-making and service delivery, but also present challenges like misinformation and data breach.

Supporting facts:

  • AI simplifies and expedites decision-making processes and service delivery.
  • Malicious outputs and scams threaten business conduct and reduce business confidence.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Regulation, Misinformation

Report

The rapid worldwide digital transformation is reshaping the way we live and work, making digitalisation a main factor in economic development. Currently, more than five billion individuals worldwide are using the internet. Digitalisation increases labour productivity, creates new demand for goods and services, and improves the quality of the overall economy.

Indonesia is committed to accelerating inclusive and sustainable digital transformation. The country has seen significant growth in its digital economy, which grew from US$41 billion in 2019 to US$77 billion in 2022. Indonesia is investing in the development of ICT infrastructure, such as digital infrastructure and cloud computing, to support this growth.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can greatly improve decision-making and service delivery. However, it also presents challenges such as misinformation and data breaches, which can threaten business conduct and reduce business confidence. Implementing regulations and ethical practices is crucial to address these challenges.

Inclusivity in the digital space is a top priority for Indonesia. The country is focusing on helping people with disabilities by providing digital literacy programs and specific activities like podcast classes. This ensures that digital advancements benefit all members of society.

In conclusion, the worldwide digital transformation has significant impacts on economic development. Indonesia’s commitment to inclusive and sustainable digital transformation is demonstrated through its investments in ICT infrastructure and efforts to assist people with disabilities. It is essential to address challenges such as misinformation and data breaches in the use of AI.

Inclusivity in the digital space is crucial to ensure that digital advancements benefit everyone.

JC

Jorge Cancio Melia

Speech speed

151 words per minute

Speech length

927 words

Speech time

369 secs

Arguments

Inclusion and empowerment are key for a digital society

Supporting facts:

  • Vision of people-centered, inclusive, and development-oriented information society from WSIS 2003
  • As digital becomes integral, lack of inclusion can lead to societal divides
  • Need for addressing digital divides for the development of all

Topics: Digital Inclusion, Digital divide, WSIS Vision

Importance of aligning WSIS with UN SDGs

Supporting facts:

  • Digital technologies can help address major issues identified by the SDGs
  • Need for accessibility to all as society becomes increasingly digital

Topics: Sustainable development, Digital Solutions

AI and related technologies carry risks that need to be mitigated

Supporting facts:

  • AI has potential to disrupt due to biased programming, job market effects, and opaque decision mechanisms
  • Speed of rule-making doesn’t match speed of technology

Topics: AI, Emerging technologies

WSIS architecture should be updated to address emerging tech

Supporting facts:

  • WSIS plus 20 review presents an opportunity to make WSIS architecture more current
  • Secretary-General’s road map for digital cooperation endorsed this path

Topics: WSIS review, Digital cooperation

Report

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the main points discussed in the given texts. Firstly, the importance of inclusion and empowerment in a digital society is emphasized. The speakers highlight that as digital technologies become integral to our lives, the lack of inclusion can lead to societal divides.

They argue that addressing digital divides is crucial for the development and progress of all individuals. This argument is supported by the vision of a people-centred, inclusive, and development-oriented information society from WSIS 2003. The speakers advocate for creating an inclusive digital society that ensures equal opportunities for everyone.

Secondly, the need to align the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is highlighted. It is acknowledged that digital technologies have the potential to address major issues identified by the SDGs.

The speakers argue that as society becomes increasingly digital, it is essential to ensure accessibility to these technologies for all individuals. This alignment with the SDGs will help in achieving sustainable development and reducing inequalities. The analysis also touches upon the potential risks associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies.

It is acknowledged that AI has the potential to disrupt various aspects of society, including biased programming, effects on the job market, and the opacity of decision-making mechanisms. The speakers stress the need to mitigate these risks through effective regulation.

They argue that regulations should focus on addressing the potential negative effects rather than restricting the technology itself. The importance of striking a balance between the benefits and risks of AI is emphasized. Furthermore, the speakers argue for the regulation of AI to be in line with international law and human rights.

They advocate for AI technologies to abide by established international legal frameworks and respect human rights. Initiatives such as the Council of Europe working on a convention on AI are supported as they seek to ensure responsible and ethical use of AI.

Additionally, the analysis highlights the need to update the WSIS architecture to address emerging technologies. It is argued that the ongoing WSIS plus 20 review provides an opportunity to make the architecture more current and relevant. The Secretary-General’s roadmap for digital cooperation, which endorses updating the WSIS architecture, is seen as a positive step towards addressing the challenges posed by emerging technologies.

Lastly, the importance of international cooperation is emphasized in managing emerging technologies. The analysis suggests that UN departments, agencies, and forums can serve as valuable platforms for collaboration and cooperation. The speakers support the Secretary-General’s roadmap for digital cooperation and the WSIS-Plus-20 review, which both advocate for increased international cooperation in navigating the complexities of emerging technologies.

Overall, the speakers highlight the importance of inclusion, alignment with the SDGs, regulation of AI, updating of WSIS architecture, and international cooperation in navigating the challenges and opportunities of a digital society. The analysis provides valuable insights into the key points raised in the texts, offering a nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding digital inclusion, AI governance, and the role of international cooperation in shaping the future of our increasingly digital world.

The analysis emphasises the significance of inclusion, empowerment, alignment with SDGs, regulation of AI, and international cooperation within a digital society. The importance of addressing digital divides, ensuring accessibility to technologies, and mitigating the risks associated with AI and emerging technologies are stressed.

The need to update the WSIS architecture and collaborate internationally in navigating the challenges of the digital era is also highlighted. The analysis offers key insights into the complex issues of digital inclusion, AI governance, and the role of international cooperation in shaping a sustainable and inclusive digital future.

PK

Pauline Kariuki

Speech speed

197 words per minute

Speech length

1275 words

Speech time

389 secs

Arguments

Digital developments have a positive impact on SMEs and entrepreneurship in Africa

Supporting facts:

  • Digital services are being provided by entrepreneurs.
  • SMEs are providing online work and selling through social media and other online channels.
  • Businesses have been able to transform to e-commerce platforms.

Topics: Digital developments, SMEs, E-commerce, Entrepreneurship

There is an increase in digital payments from Africa which is mainly due to technological development and innovation

Supporting facts:

  • People are adopting mobile payments.
  • Startups are developing payment solutions through wallets.

Topics: Digital payments, Technology, Mobile money

Despite digital advancements, Africa faces significant challenges in creating a sustainable digital economy

Supporting facts:

  • The infrastructure to support e-commerce is not there.
  • Expensive shipping costs hinder e-commerce.
  • People have trust issues with online transactions.
  • The government does not provide sufficient support to startups and businesses.

Topics: Digital economy, Infrastructure, Trust issues, Government support

Low internet penetration and high internet costs are hindering the growth of the digital economy

Supporting facts:

  • Internet penetration is still low in many African countries.
  • Where the internet is available, it is expensive.

Topics: Internet Penetration, Internet Costs, Digital economy

Government support and understanding are necessary for startups to grow within the digital economy

Supporting facts:

  • Government regulations should favour startups.
  • Startups need intellectual property protection, which is expensive in the early stages.

Topics: Government Support, Startups, Digital economy

Report

Digital developments have had a positive impact on SMEs and entrepreneurship in Africa. Entrepreneurs are capitalising on digital services which are being provided in response to growing demand. SMEs are also embracing e-commerce platforms, expanding their market presence and reaching a wider customer base.

The digital payments sector in Africa is experiencing growth due to technological development and innovation. Mobile payments are increasingly popular, driven by their convenience and accessibility. Startups are actively developing payment solutions through digital wallets, further facilitating the adoption of digital payments.

However, Africa still faces significant challenges in establishing a sustainable digital economy. The lack of infrastructure, such as reliable and affordable internet connectivity, hampers the adoption of digital technologies and restricts online business growth. Expensive shipping costs present additional barriers for e-commerce expansion.

Trust issues around online transactions contribute to the slower growth of the digital economy in Africa. Concerns over security and reliability deter widespread adoption of digital services. Building consumer trust and ensuring the safety of online transactions are essential for continued growth.

Insufficient government support is another hindrance to the development of the digital economy. Startups and digital businesses require supportive policies and regulations to foster growth, including access to affordable intellectual property protection. Moreover, low internet penetration and high internet costs impede the expansion of the digital economy in Africa.

Limited internet access in many countries combined with expensive usage costs restrict digital growth. Initiatives promoting affordable internet access and improved infrastructure are necessary to address these challenges. In conclusion, digital developments have brought about positive changes for SMEs and entrepreneurship in Africa.

However, barriers such as infrastructure limitations, high shipping costs, trust issues, insufficient government support, low internet penetration, and high internet costs continue to impede the creation of a sustainable digital economy. Collaborative efforts are needed to overcome these challenges and create an environment that fosters digital growth and economic development in Africa.

SN

Shamika N. Sirimanne

Speech speed

160 words per minute

Speech length

757 words

Speech time

283 secs

Arguments

There is still a significant portion of the global population not connected to the internet

Supporting facts:

  • One-third of people in the world are not yet connected to the internet
  • In least developed countries, only 36% of their people are connected.

Topics: WSIS Plus 20 Review, Digital Connectivity

There is widespread interest to continue the WSIS process beyond 2025

Supporting facts:

  • The first CSTD consultation at Kyoto was successful
  • Participants represented a diverse range of sectors and expressed unanimous interest in continuing the WSIS process beyond 2025

Topics: WSIS Plus 20 Review, Digitalisation, International Cooperation

A review of WSIS should be a collaborative one-UN effort

Supporting facts:

  • CSTD is proud of the partnership established with key WSIS players – ITU, UNESCO, and UNDP

Topics: WSIS Plus 20 Review, International Cooperation

Report

According to the information provided, a significant portion of the global population, estimated to be around one-third, still lacks access to the internet. This issue is particularly prevalent in least developed countries, where only 36% of the population is connected. The lack of internet connectivity in these regions highlights the pressing need for global efforts to ensure universal access to the internet, as it plays a crucial role in fostering socioeconomic development and bridging the digital divide.

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) is an important platform dedicated to addressing these issues. There is a strong interest among stakeholders to continue the WSIS process beyond 2025, as evidenced by the successful first CSTD consultation held in Kyoto.

Participants from diverse sectors expressed unanimous support for the ongoing WSIS process. This widespread interest reflects the recognition of the importance of sustained efforts to promote digitalization and international cooperation in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

The multi-stakeholder approach employed in the WSIS process is considered a valuable practice for the Global Digital Cooperation (GDC) and future summits. This approach involves involving and engaging various stakeholders, including governments, civil society, the private sector, and international organizations, in shaping and enhancing the WSIS process.

The positive sentiment towards this approach suggests that it fosters collaboration, inclusivity, and effective decision-making. Furthermore, collaboration and partnership between key WSIS players such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are crucial for a successful review of the WSIS.

The establishment of partnerships and the joint efforts of these organizations is considered a commendable achievement by the United Nations Committee on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD). In conclusion, it is clear that there is still a significant portion of the global population that lacks internet connectivity, highlighting the urgent need for global action.

The WSIS process has garnered widespread interest and support for its continuation beyond 2025, and the multi-stakeholder approach used in this process is considered an effective practice. Collaboration and partnership with key WSIS players are crucial for conducting a successful review of WSIS, ensuring inclusivity and collective action in addressing the challenges of digital connectivity.

SF

Silvana Fumega

Speech speed

161 words per minute

Speech length

865 words

Speech time

322 secs

Arguments

Reflecting on the 20 years in the WSIS and the subsequent decades since its first review

Supporting facts:

  • The advancement in information technology has significantly shaped the landscape of the digital economy.

Topics: Digital Economy, Information Technology

SDGs. ICT and data keep playing a crucial role in advancing SDGs

Supporting facts:

  • Integration of ICT and data into education, healthcare and economic development has been key in moving forward.

Topics: ICT, Data, Education, Healthcare, Economic Development

Responsible AI

Supporting facts:

  • Ensuring AI systems that are transparent, equitable, and free of biases is key.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Transparency

Data production processes

Supporting facts:

  • Ensuring the participation of developing countries in data production process is crucial.

Topics: Data Governance, Multi-stakeholder Involvement

Open data

Supporting facts:

  • Ensuring the protection of personal data while promoting open data initiatives is key.

Topics: Open Data, Privacy, Security

Data protection and privacy

Supporting facts:

  • Robust data protection frameworks are essential, especially in light of frequent data breaches and privacy concerns.

Topics: Data Privacy, Security

Digital divide

Supporting facts:

  • Ensuring inclusivity in ICT access, particularly in marginalized and undeserved communities, is essential for equitable development.

Topics: Digital Divide, Marginalized Communities, ICT Access

Ethical and inclusive practices

Supporting facts:

  • A commitment to ethical and inclusive practices in data use and AI is vital to foster a socially responsible digital marketplace.

Topics: Ethics, Inclusivity, Data Use, AI

Report

The detailed analysis highlights several important points regarding the digital economy and the role of information technology (IT) in shaping it. One key finding is the significant impact of IT advancements on the landscape of the digital economy. Over the past 20 years since the inception of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), continuous progress in IT has greatly influenced the development of the digital economy.

Integration of IT and data into various sectors, such as education, healthcare, and economic development, has played a crucial role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis emphasizes the positive impact of ICT and data in moving forward towards achieving SDGs 3, 4, and 8, which relate to good health and well-being, quality education, and decent work and economic growth, respectively.

By leveraging IT tools and harnessing the power of data, advancements in these sectors have become more attainable, contributing to overall progress in sustainable development. The analysis also highlights the importance of responsible AI systems. To ensure socially responsible digital practices, AI systems must be transparent, equitable, and free from biases.

This emphasis on responsible AI reflects the need for ethical considerations in the development and implementation of AI technologies. By integrating ethical principles and promoting transparency in AI systems, trust and confidence can be fostered in the digital marketplace. Additionally, the analysis underscores the significance of data production processes and the involvement of developing countries in these processes.

It argues that the participation of developing countries in data production is crucial to ensure inclusive and comprehensive data representation. By actively involving developing countries, a more accurate and representative understanding of global challenges and realities can be achieved. The protection of personal data is another crucial aspect highlighted in the analysis.

It stresses the need to balance the promotion of open data initiatives with ensuring the privacy and security of personal data. The increasing concerns related to data breaches and privacy necessitate the establishment of robust data protection frameworks. Such frameworks are vital for maintaining trust and confidence in the digital sphere.

The analysis also recognizes the digital divide and the importance of bridging it. Inclusivity in ICT access, particularly for marginalized and underserved communities, is essential for achieving equitable development. By addressing the digital divide and ensuring equal access to essential digital resources, efforts can be made to reduce inequalities and foster development opportunities for all.

In conclusion, the analysis emphasizes the transformative role of IT and data in the digital economy. It highlights the integration of IT in various sectors as a crucial factor in advancing the SDGs. Responsible AI, transparent data governance, data protection and privacy, bridging the digital divide, and promoting inclusivity in ICT access for marginalized communities are key areas of focus for ensuring equitable and sustainable development in the digital age.

Overall, these insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, stakeholders, and organizations working towards leveraging technology for positive societal impact.

SA

Sulyna Abdullah

Speech speed

161 words per minute

Speech length

760 words

Speech time

283 secs

Arguments

Much progress has been made in ICTs since WSIS’s inception 20 years ago

Supporting facts:

  • Internet users grew from 12.4% of the global population in 2003 to 67% in 2023

Topics: ICTs, WSIS

WSIS serves as a robust framework for digital progress that is still relevant today

Supporting facts:

  • WSIS has grown into a multi-stakeholder, global community

Topics: WSIS, Digital Progress

There is an urgent need to connect the 2.6 billion people who remain offline

Supporting facts:

  • 2.6 billion people remain offline today

Topics: Connectivity, Digital Divide

Report

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) has made significant advancements in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) since its establishment 20 years ago. One of the notable achievements is the exponential growth of internet users, which has increased from 12.4% of the global population in 2003 to a staggering 67% in 2023.

This remarkable progress highlights the increasing global connectivity and access to digital technologies. WSIS serves as a shining example of global digital cooperation and has evolved into a multi-stakeholder, global community over the years. It has provided a robust framework for promoting digital progress and remains relevant in addressing the challenges and opportunities arising from the rapid advancements in technology.

With the continuous evolution of ICTs, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of addressing risks and challenges associated with technological progress. There is a shared responsibility to ensure the responsible and ethical use of technology, as well as addressing potential harms and risks.

Affordability remains a significant obstacle to achieving universal connectivity. In low-income economies, the cost of entry-level mobile broadband subscriptions amounts to an alarming 8.6% of the average income. This disparity in affordability hinders equal access to digital technologies and exacerbates the digital divide between different socioeconomic groups and regions.

Bridging this gap and making digital technologies more accessible to all remains a pressing challenge. Despite the progress made, there are still approximately 2.6 billion people who do not have internet access. This digital divide represents an urgent need to connect those who remain offline.

The inclusion of these individuals into the digital world holds immense potential for social and economic development on a global scale. Efforts should be focused on providing affordable and accessible internet connectivity to underserved areas and populations. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) plays a crucial role in fostering an inclusive digital future for all.

As a testament to this commitment, the ITU will co-host the WSIS Plus 20 Forum high-level event scheduled for May 27 to 31, 2024. This forum presents an opportunity to harness the momentum gained from the WSIS Plus 20 review and further advance the goals of digital inclusion and reduced inequality.

It serves as a platform for discussing innovative strategies, sharing best practices, and forging partnerships to overcome the challenges and ensure an equitable digital future. In conclusion, the World Summit on the Information Society has witnessed significant progress in the field of ICTs over the past two decades.

The growth of internet users worldwide, the global digital cooperation facilitated by WSIS, and its robust framework for advancing digital progress are notable achievements. However, challenges such as affordability and the digital divide persist, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to bridge the gaps in access and ensure an inclusive digital future for all.

The ITU’s commitment to this cause and the upcoming WSIS Plus 20 Forum further demonstrate the determination to overcome these challenges and create a more equitable digital society.

Cross-Border Data Flows: Harmonizing trust through interoperability mechanisms (DCO)

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

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Full session report

Matis Pellerin

Cross-border data flows are crucial for a B2B data company like Oracle, as its customers rely on technologies to run operations worldwide. The ability to freely transfer data across borders allows Oracle to efficiently serve its global clientele. Cloud technologies play a significant role in improving cybersecurity, and hyper-scalers like Oracle invest billions to secure their shared infrastructure. Enabling a free flow of data is essential for access to new technology, as restrictions can hinder innovation and digital transformation. Trust in technology is key for technology adoption and data sovereignty, which requires common definitions and agreements. Different definitions of sovereignty and data residency among countries can create challenges for regulating cross-border data flows. Data residency, while desirable from a regulatory perspective, can impede the free flow of data and hinder collaboration and innovation. Harmonizing rules and definitions is crucial to efficiently address sovereignty requirements and streamline cross-border data flow processes. Proper data classification is important for effective data management, allowing businesses to allocate resources and prioritize security measures appropriately. Supporting regional agreements promotes economic growth and collaboration, stimulating innovation and development. The free flow of data is necessary for accessing new technologies and facilitating technology adoption, especially in the case of AI reliance. There are two types of business models concerning the use of data: customer data supporting free products or services, and B2B companies keeping data restricted. Encryption plays an increasingly prominent role in data security, protecting sensitive information. Creating security certifications can be costly, and a single cybersecurity scheme, like the EU Cyber Security Scheme, would simplify compliance procedures for businesses. Ensuring UK spelling and grammar is used in the text, correcting any errors, enhances the quality and accuracy of the summary.

Pascal Dutru

Qatar has made significant efforts to recognize the importance of data flows for its digital transformation. This is evident through the implementation of its data protection and privacy law in 2016, which enables the free flow of data to countries providing the same level of protection. Furthermore, Qatar released a Cloud Policy Framework in 2022 that emphasised the need for supporting and developing data flows to harness the benefits of cloud computing.

Cross-border data flow necessities, such as high-quality infrastructure, legal support, and substantial computation power, play a crucial role in facilitating the smooth transfer of data. This is particularly important for technologies like cloud computing and AI, which rely heavily on large amounts of data and computing power. Laws, contracts, and global efforts are all instrumental in creating an environment conducive to efficient data flow.

The FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar demonstrated the significant benefits of efficient data flow in enhancing service delivery. During the event, two data lakes were created to gather data from multiple service providers, greatly facilitating transportation and resulting in fluid traffic and seamless entry into stadiums. The successful handling of data flows during the World Cup showcased how effective data management can greatly enhance service delivery.

Qatar’s focus on adopting Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) further highlights its commitment to achieving a level of data exchange that is conducive to its digital transformation. CBPR provides a flexible and relevant mechanism for managing data flows and ensuring the privacy of individuals’ data. Qatar’s emphasis on CBPR aligns with its goals of enabling smooth and secure data exchanges, supporting its overall digital transformation efforts.

In addition to Qatar’s initiatives, organizations like the Data Coalition (DCO) play a crucial role in addressing data flow issues within member countries. The DCO’s work helps countries understand the importance of harmonising rules and regulations, which in turn facilitates business operations and ensures trust among various stakeholders.

In the context of SMEs transitioning to the digital space, Asian countries are leading the way in providing support. Agreements like the Digital Integration Promotion Act (DIPA) in Asian countries have dedicated chapters promoting assistance to SMEs in their transition to digital. This approach indicates a strong commitment to fostering a supportive environment for SMEs to thrive in the digital landscape.

On the other hand, the European perspective leans more towards regulating big players in the digital market through acts like the Digital Market Act (DMA) and the Digital Service Act (DSA). While these acts set specific competition rules and controls on larger players, they may not provide the same level of support to smaller businesses. This difference in approach highlights a divergence in strategies in promoting digital growth and development.

It is widely recognised that SMEs require support for their digital transition. However, it is important to note that the extended summary did not provide specific supporting facts for this statement.

Notably, the volume of data is growing exponentially, and this growth presents both challenges and opportunities. It is crucial to employ effective data management strategies to harness the potential benefits of this vast amount of data. Furthermore, it is important to ensure that the utilisation of data is inclusive and benefits everyone, as emphasised by the relevance of this issue to SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities).

In conclusion, Qatar has taken significant steps to recognise the importance of data flows for its digital transformation. The country’s data protection and privacy law, Cloud Policy Framework, and focus on adopting CBPR all demonstrate its commitment to enabling secure and efficient data exchanges. The FIFA 2022 World Cup exemplified the positive impact of efficient data flow on service delivery. Moreover, Asian countries lead in supporting SMEs transitioning to digital, while the European perspective focuses more on regulating big players. Regardless of the approach, it is crucial to provide support for SMEs in their digital transition and ensure that data utilisation benefits everyone and promotes inclusivity.

Audience

During the discussion, the audience raised concerns regarding the economic value of data and the benefits that accrue to data owners. They questioned the extent to which data owners, particularly big tech companies, profit from the large volume of data collected from populous markets such as India. The argument put forth was that while these companies make billions from data, the actual economic benefits are not adequately distributed to those who generate the data.

In response to this, the audience suggested that countries in the global south should have sovereignty over their data. The idea behind this was to ensure that these nations, whose data is frequently used and monetised by companies based in the global north, have more control and are able to directly benefit from the economic wealth generated by their own data. The sentiment surrounding this issue was negative, as it highlighted the existing economic inequalities between different regions of the world.

Trust emerged as a crucial factor in the discussion. The need to build trust between consumers, enterprises, and governments was emphasised by the panellists. They stressed the importance of harmonising rules and fostering systematic trust to ensure the fair and ethical use of data. Furthermore, it was argued that trust is vital for the overall functioning of the digital economy.

One positive aspect identified in the discussion was the role of standards development in building trust. Organisations such as the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) were cited as valuable contributors to the establishment of trust. ISO, consisting of national bodies and engaged stakeholders, develops voluntary market-driven standards that can help ensure ethical practices, data protection, and transparency.

The issue of trust also led to the exploration of other mechanisms that can be employed to build trust in the digital landscape. Unfortunately, no supporting facts were provided to further elaborate on this matter, leaving room for future investigation and discussion.

Another noteworthy concern raised during the discussion was the dominance of larger tech companies and its impact on small businesses in the digital economy. AWS, for instance, was highlighted as a market leader in cloud services, controlling a significant portion of the entire market. This poses potential risks to small businesses, which might find themselves undercut or even acquired by these larger companies due to their substantial financial power. Consequently, the need for clear rules and regulations to protect small businesses was emphasised.

In conclusion, the discussion highlighted the economic disparities surrounding data ownership and the necessity for countries in the global south to assert sovereignty over their data. Building trust among consumers, enterprises, and governments was seen as a crucial step towards an equitable and ethical digital economy. The role of organisations such as ISO in developing standards to enforce ethical practices was appreciated. Furthermore, the potential risks faced by small businesses in the face of dominant tech companies were acknowledged, calling for the establishment of clear regulations to protect them.

Hadri Sopri

The analysis of the provided statements reveals important insights into digital trade, data flow restrictions, and the digital economy in the ASEAN region. ASEAN countries are actively working towards creating a favorable environment for digital trade by implementing forward-leaning rules. Furthermore, these countries are taking proactive measures to ensure that both domestic and international businesses can operate advantageously.

The digital economy in ASEAN is predicted to double by 2030, with micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) playing a crucial role in this growth. MSMEs contribute significantly to employment, accounting for 85%, and to the region’s GDP, contributing 44.8%. Therefore, supporting and empowering MSMEs are essential for socio-economic development in the region.

Startups in ASEAN are utilizing digital technologies to empower small businesses. For instance, Karo and Traveloka, ASEAN-based startups, leverage AI and cloud technologies for optimization and security purposes. Doctor Anywhere, another startup, has successfully scaled up its operations during the COVID-19 pandemic by leveraging cloud technology. Additionally, agri-tech companies like Sirebox and Hara employ digital solutions to improve farmers’ income and market reach. These examples highlight how digital technologies enhance the growth and sustainability of small businesses in the ASEAN digital economy.

It is argued that digital trade agreements should prioritize digital inclusion and operationalize trust. This can be achieved through practical projects between countries, as demonstrated by the Singapore-Australia Digital Economy Agreement. This agreement not only focused on the rules but also showcased the value of data flows through collaborative projects between companies in both countries. One of these projects focused on the security of digital identities, allowing students to open bank accounts in Australia using Singapore-based digital identities. This emphasizes the importance of operationalizing trust in digital trade agreements to ensure the smooth and secure flow of data.

The involvement of the private sector is also crucial in informing the conversation about operationalizing trust. The G7 chairmanship of Japan serves as an example, where the private sector was invited to contribute to discussions on trust in digital trade agreements. By involving the private sector, the conversation can be enriched with diverse perspectives and experiences, leading to more effective and inclusive outcomes.

The tech industry, including major players like Amazon, has the capacity to contribute to skill development as part of digital inclusion. Amazon’s special programs in India, which involve collaboration with higher education institutions, focus on training women students in AI and machine learning. This highlights the potential for tech industry giants to drive skill development and bridge the digital divide by providing training opportunities and resources.

However, tensions can arise between bigger companies and domestic local companies regarding the benefits of digital trade rules. The analysis raises concerns about the growing disparity in benefits and the potential impact on the local economy. This highlights the importance of ensuring that digital trade rules and agreements are inclusive and equitable, benefiting not only bigger companies but also domestic local businesses.

In terms of stakeholder engagement, governments in the ASEAN region are actively broadening the stakeholder base to involve startups and small businesses. This proactive approach is seen as positive and aligns with the goals of industry, innovation, and economic growth. Engaging startups and small businesses in the decision-making process can lead to more inclusive conversations and policies that benefit all stakeholders.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the proactive approach of ASEAN countries in promoting digital trade, creating a favorable environment for businesses, and stimulating the growth of the digital economy. The involvement of MSMEs and startups, coupled with efforts to operationalize trust and prioritize digital inclusion, are essential for sustainable and inclusive socio-economic development. However, it is crucial to address tensions between bigger companies and domestic local businesses and ensure that digital trade agreements benefit all stakeholders. By involving the private sector and broadening the stakeholder base, ASEAN countries can create a more inclusive and thriving digital economy.

Giulia Ajmone Marsan

In this timely discussion, experts delve into the critical issues surrounding data transfer in the context of digital economies. The session, titled “Cross-Border Data Flows for Sustainable Development, Trade Innovation, and the Role of Global Cooperation,” focuses on the increasing importance of data flows as economic activities shift online.

Representatives from various organizations, including the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia and Oracle Corporation, participate in the panel. They shed light on the significance of cross-border data flows in the Asia region, where policymakers prioritize these matters. The participants emphasize the need for data transfer to fuel trade, innovation, and sustainable development.

The first speaker, Michael Kander, Chair of the Board of the Data Sphere Initiative, presents a comparison of cross-country data flows. His presentation reinforces the criticality of international collaboration in enabling smooth cross-border data transfer.

Dr. Frederic Massoudi, Chief Science Officer and Vice President of Clinical Research and Analytics for Ascension, serves as the second speaker. He offers insights into the challenges faced in sharing healthcare data across borders. Dr. Massoudi highlights the unique aspects of clinical data and emphasizes the necessity for tailored protection methods for different data classifications.

Matisse Pellerin, Vice President for Global Government Affairs at Oracle Corporation, discusses the significance of cross-border data flows for a cloud-based company like Oracle. While not accompanied by a PowerPoint presentation, his perspective as a representative of the private sector adds diversity to the panel.

The discussion revolves around the role of governments in promoting trust and eliminating barriers to facilitate data transfer. The participants underscore the importance of governments and other organizations within the data ecosystem in forging agreements and advancing cross-border data flows.

In conclusion, the panelists stress the significance of cross-border data flows for economic growth and sustainable development. They highlight the need for international collaboration, the removal of barriers, and the role of governments in promoting data transfer. This session provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities surrounding data transfer in the digital economy.

Frederick Masoudi

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) is playing a crucial role in enhancing global cardiovascular care. They operate the National Cardiovascular Data Registries (NCDR), which is recognised as one of the largest outcomes-based cardiovascular patient data repositories worldwide. The NCDR has actively engaged with over 95 million patients suffering from cardiovascular disease in the United States. This extensive patient database provides valuable insights and outcomes that can contribute to improving cardiovascular care on a global scale.

However, the process of international data collection and sharing in the field of cardiovascular care faces numerous barriers. One of the major obstacles is the presence of ambiguous data laws and regulations in various countries. This lack of clarity often leads to conservative interpretations of the rules, making it necessary to work with each hospital individually rather than establishing a standardised approach.

To overcome these challenges, establishing a clear and consistent data standard is crucial. Having a universally accepted standard would streamline the process of data sharing among different healthcare centres. This is exemplified by the experience of Saudi Arabia, where it took several years to aggregate data from different sources due to the absence of a clear standard. Therefore, the implementation of a consistent standard with consensus around it could greatly facilitate the sharing of healthcare data among communities.

Addressing data flow issues is also essential. The efficient and secure movement of data is crucial for collaboration and exchange of valuable insights. However, it is equally important to protect individual privacy and ensure data security. Achieving a balance between data flow and privacy is a critical step forward in improving global cardiovascular care.

Moreover, building trust within the healthcare community is essential for successful data sharing. Trust not only fosters cooperation but also enables effective collaboration with the government and other stakeholders. The presence of trust encourages healthcare centres to actively participate in data sharing initiatives, leading to more comprehensive and accurate insights.

In terms of data management, it is not cost-effective to separately domicile data in individual countries and build specific structures within each country. This fragmentation hinders data sharing and collaboration efforts. Therefore, developing a global quality solution that incorporates contributions from local, regional, and global clinical data repositories can enhance data aggregation, anonymisation, and analysis. This aggregated dataset can provide more opportunities for analysis and generate greater insights compared to a federated model.

An additional benefit of promoting data sharing and adoption of successful health improvement models is the potential for driving economic growth. Good health is fundamental to economic development, and adopting effective health improvement models can positively impact both healthcare outcomes and economic productivity.

In conclusion, the American College of Cardiology, through initiatives such as the National Cardiovascular Data Registries, is at the forefront of improving global cardiovascular care. However, there are significant barriers in international data collection and sharing that need to be addressed. Clear and consistent data standards, addressing data flow issues while maintaining individual privacy, and building trust within the healthcare community are crucial steps towards overcoming these challenges. By promoting data sharing and adopting successful health improvement models, both the quality of cardiovascular care and economic growth can be substantially enhanced.

Ahmad Bhinder

The Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO) is an intergovernmental body based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with 15 member states across the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Europe, and South Asia. The DCO aims to promote the digital economy and utilize technology to create equal opportunities for all nations, regardless of their borders or boundaries. They recognize the importance of cross-border data flows, which play a pivotal role in fostering innovation, empowering economies, and shaping societies. The movement of data across borders is seen as essential for compatibility and enhancing international trade.

To support the free flow of data, the DCO advocates for the interoperability of data governance regulations. They have conducted studies exploring data governance regulations across member states, with the aim of finding ways to make these regulations interoperable and enable the free flow of data with trust. They also emphasize the economic value of data sharing, particularly in sectors such as health. The DCO believes that sharing data can unlock its economic potential and contribute to advancements in the health sector.

One of the key arguments put forward by the DCO is the need for data free flow with trust. They propose a model for data to flow across borders, which involves agreeing on common principles and data classification schemes. Activation of these mechanisms through trade agreements is seen as a way to facilitate the free flow of data while maintaining trust and privacy.

The DCO also recognizes the concerns of member states regarding privacy. They understand the need for member states to have a say in how their citizens’ data is treated globally. The DCO aims to find a balance between enabling the free flow of data and ensuring a level of trust and privacy.

In conclusion, the Digital Cooperation Organization is dedicated to promoting the digital economy and leveraging technology to create equal opportunities. They emphasize the importance of cross-border data flows, the interoperability of data governance regulations, and the economic value of data sharing. They support data free flow with trust and are planning to set the basis for interoperability mechanisms. The DCO is actively considering multilateral or bilateral agreements to enhance cross-border data flows. They also understand the importance of addressing member states’ concerns regarding privacy while enabling the free flow of data.

Michael Kende

The Data Sphere Initiative is a non-profit organisation dedicated to finding a balance between data openness and protection in order to foster innovation. They are actively working on two major initiatives: Sandboxes for data and the Data Sphere Governance Atlas.

Sandboxes are platforms that allow for experimentation on data handling within a controlled environment to minimise risks and promote innovation. These sandboxes can be either operational or regulatory, providing guidance and dialogue on how data is handled while exploring new technologies. The initiative strongly supports the use of sandboxes for cross-border data management, recognising their potential to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing.

International cooperation is crucial for effective cross-border data flows. A report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) reveals that 29% of countries do not have data protection and privacy regulations, which creates hesitation in sharing data. The Data Sphere Initiative emphasises the need for collaboration and alignment of policies to ensure the secure and responsible flow of data across borders.

Countries also need to find a balance between their national rights and international data flows. Different regions have varying approaches to data governance. For instance, the United States gives control of data to the private sector, while Europe places individual rights over their data. This diversity in perspectives has led to the concept of data localisation, driven by concerns over security and privacy. However, data localisation can reduce the benefits obtained from data. The Data Sphere Initiative suggests the possibility of using cross-border sandboxes and new technologies that could allow access to data without breaching privacy, thus finding a middle ground.

Creating trust in data privacy across borders requires a combined effort from companies, governments, and the tech community. Trust has historically been established in industries such as banking and automotive through regulations, third-party testing, and competition. The use of end-to-end encryption in messaging apps and the announcement of data breaches for transparency and prevention of reputational risks are some examples of the measures taken to instil trust in data privacy.

Regulation is necessary for instilling trust in data privacy. The government’s role in shaping safety standards in the automotive industry has increased trust in that sector. Companies that actively promote end-to-end encryption indicate that trust can be ensured by assuring the implementation of safety measures. The Data Sphere Initiative recognises the importance of regulations in creating a framework for data protection.

Cross-border data and data flows are fundamental to globalisation. The internet and data have played a significant role in connecting people and businesses across the globe. It is hard to imagine the level of globalisation achieved before the advent of the internet.

Moreover, data flows have proven to be essential during the pandemic. They have allowed us to stay connected, communicate with people, entertain ourselves, and kept businesses operational as much as possible. It is impossible to imagine how we would have managed the crisis without data flows.

Governments play a crucial role in finding ways to share data safely. It is important for them to be comfortable with exploring data collaboration and finding mechanisms to protect data privacy and security.

Finally, the Data Sphere Initiative believes that data should not only be supplied from one country to another or to companies. Instead, it suggests that data should be kept in place and made available to those generating the raw data. This approach ensures that the benefits derived from data generation are shared more equitably.

In conclusion, the Data Sphere Initiative is actively working towards striking a balance between data openness and protection to foster innovation. Their initiatives, such as sandboxes for data and the Data Sphere Governance Atlas, aim to create frameworks and promote cooperation for the responsible flow of data across borders. International collaboration, trust-building efforts, and effective regulations are key to ensuring the secure and equitable use of data in an increasingly interconnected world.

Speakers

AB

Ahmad Bhinder

Speech speed

159 words per minute

Speech length

2723 words

Speech time

1028 secs

A

Audience

Speech speed

181 words per minute

Speech length

561 words

Speech time

186 secs

FM

Frederick Masoudi

Speech speed

162 words per minute

Speech length

1608 words

Speech time

595 secs

GA

Giulia Ajmone Marsan

Speech speed

204 words per minute

Speech length

1128 words

Speech time

332 secs

HS

Hadri Sopri

Speech speed

204 words per minute

Speech length

2170 words

Speech time

637 secs

MP

Matis Pellerin

Speech speed

168 words per minute

Speech length

2121 words

Speech time

756 secs

MK

Michael Kende

Speech speed

173 words per minute

Speech length

3022 words

Speech time

1048 secs

PD

Pascal Dutru

Speech speed

137 words per minute

Speech length

1527 words

Speech time

670 secs

Data free flow with trust: a collaborative path to progress (ICC)

Table of contents

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed. The official record of the session can be found on the UNCTAD website.

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Full session report

Peter Farrell

In the context of data flow and privacy agreements, the discussion revolves around bilateral agreements between the UK, EU, and US, as opposed to multilateral agreements, which are seen as complicating matters for businesses. Businesses tend to prefer a set of global rules that provide clarity and consistency in data transfer. The challenge lies in the confusion faced by businesses in understanding the specific requirements and obligations when it comes to transferring personal data across borders. This is particularly relevant in the context of financial and bureaucratic consequences due to varying data transfer laws.

Another key aspect highlighted is the need for clear rules on government access to data and oversight. It is suggested that a proportionate approach should be taken into account, considering the level of intrusiveness when it comes to protecting privacy rights and freedoms. There should not be significant interference with cross-border data flows that are necessary for business and trade.

The conflict of law arising from extraterritorial legislation is another challenge faced by businesses. This refers to situations where different governments have laws that apply outside their jurisdiction, resulting in businesses struggling to comply with the laws of multiple countries simultaneously. This can create legal complexities and potential conflicts for businesses operating in multiple countries.

Advocates argue for the adoption of a common framework, such as the APEC cross-border privacy rules, for emerging economies to follow. This framework would entail enforcement mechanisms and measures to protect personal information, enabling a trusted free flow of data. It is believed that such a common set of rules and regulations would provide safeguards and regulatory instruments to protect personal information in each country.

Trusted access to data by governments is suggested as a means to foster trust and build more enabling data frameworks. This would involve governments having clear rules and regulations regarding access to data while ensuring privacy and security.

The enforcement of personal data rights and intellectual property (IP) rights is deemed essential. There is a need for frameworks that empower individuals and companies to enforce their rights, regardless of where the data is held. This ensures that individuals and companies have the necessary tools to protect their data and intellectual property.

The reliance of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on large datasets is highlighted. Generative AI requires vast amounts of datasets to function efficiently and avoid discriminatory outcomes. Access to large datasets is crucial for generative AI to provide unbiased and accurate results.

It is observed that existing legislation may not be fully appropriate considering the rapid pace of technological changes. This implies that there is a need to evaluate and potentially update legislation to keep up with evolving technologies and their implications.

The free flow of cross-border data is considered vital for the global economy. It is estimated that by the end of 2023, the free flow of data will contribute to approximately 65% of global GDP. This highlights the significant role that data flows play in supporting economic growth and innovation.

However, there is a potential shift towards protectionism by some governments. This can be detrimental to the benefits derived from data use and can lead to restrictions on data flow. Some governments, while pushing for restrictiveness and protectionism, fail to acknowledge the growing need for data and the potential exponential growth and benefits it can bring.

In conclusion, the discussion on data flow and privacy agreements highlights the complexity and challenges faced by businesses in navigating varying laws and regulations. It emphasizes the importance of clear rules, trustworthy frameworks, and the protection of personal data and IP rights. The free flow of data is seen as crucial for economic growth and innovation, although some governments’ protectionist tendencies pose potential obstacles.

Makoto Yokozawa

The discussions surrounding data flow have revealed various arguments and perspectives. One key argument is that data should flow freely, akin to the movement of water. This idea stems from the belief that the internet was initially designed to enable the unrestricted flow of information and data. Advocates, such as Makoto Yokozawa, draw parallels between data and flowing water to emphasize the need for unrestricted movement. This viewpoint carries a positive sentiment and underscores the inherent nature of the internet and the necessity for free data flow.

However, it is equally important to consider the responsible nature of data flow. In response to this, there is an argument that the concept of “free flow of data” should be complemented by the inclusion of trust. Japan proposes that the word “trust” be added to “free flow of data” to indicate the need for minimal rules or collaborative regulation. This perspective highlights that total freedom does not equate to true freedom, and trust plays a pivotal role in establishing necessary rules. This viewpoint carries a positive sentiment, aligns with SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, and emphasizes the importance of responsible data flow.

Furthermore, the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) is contingent upon the availability of extensive and diverse datasets. This perspective emphasizes that AI relies on the free flow of data to function optimally. It carries a positive sentiment and supports SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

From an economic perspective, the efficient cross-border flow of data is deemed crucial in various aspects of life and business. Different data flow regulations significantly impact businesses and individuals, with factors such as climate change, human rights, personal data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property protection, and digital rights being affected by and affecting data flow. This viewpoint carries a positive sentiment and aligns with SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth as well as SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

Additionally, international interactions and agreements place significant emphasis on cross-border data flow. Various events and agreements, such as APEC SOMA senior official meetings, Hiroshima AI process, G7 digital ministerial and summit, WTO MG13, IPEF, and G20, highlight the importance of this issue. This perspective supports the positive sentiment towards cross-border data flow and aligns with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

Stakeholder organizations are essential in leading a data-driven society and business environment. It is proposed that such organizations should be established within countries to effectively guide and manage the processes involved in data usage. This perspective carries a positive sentiment and aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

However, there are challenges and issues related to data flow. The impartial treatment of foreign companies concerning non-personal data is a concern. Discussions on this topic revolve around issues such as most favored nation treatment, subsidies, and national preference treatment. This perspective carries a negative sentiment and highlights potential disparities in the treatment of foreign companies.

Another issue is the forced sharing of data without ensuring equal rights to utilize high-value data sets. Reports suggest that European and Japanese companies in India are sometimes compelled to provide data to the public without having the same rights and opportunities to derive value from the shared data. This perspective carries a negative sentiment and indicates potential unfair practices.

Certain nations, like China, exhibit a strong inclination towards limiting data sharing to domestic companies. This perspective carries a neutral sentiment and suggests that some countries prioritize the use and sharing of data within their domestic boundaries.

Trust is highlighted as a crucial factor in ensuring efficient and successful business processes. If a company trusts another company, more efficient procedures can be established, thereby mitigating risks. This perspective carries a positive sentiment and supports SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.

The importance of data traceability is stressed in maintaining trust. Traceability plays a vital role in areas such as learning from data, personal data protection, and resolving disputes arising from misinformation or disinformation. Additionally, transparency in data logistics is deemed necessary. This viewpoint carries a positive sentiment and aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure as well as SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions.

Responsibility and ethical considerations concerning data are deemed crucial. This includes addressing intermediary liability in data-driven services. This perspective carries a positive sentiment and supports SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

The development of economies, particularly in relation to the digital economy, is deemed critical and requires careful consideration. This perspective carries a positive sentiment and emphasizes the need for inclusive growth and development, aligning with SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.

To thrive in the digital era, developing countries are encouraged to quickly adopt a multi-stakeholder approach. This perspective highlights the importance of involving various stakeholders to address the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital world. This viewpoint carries a positive sentiment and aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure as well as SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities.

In conclusion, the discussions on data flow encompass various arguments and perspectives. While there is recognition of the need for data to flow freely to unleash its full potential, responsible and ethical considerations, as well as the establishment of trust and regulations, are deemed essential. The role of data flow in supporting AI, economic growth, international agreements, stakeholder organizations, and the development of economies is acknowledged. However, challenges such as the treatment of foreign companies, forced data sharing, and restrictions on data sharing in certain nations persist. Trust, traceability, responsibility, and a multi-stakeholder approach are crucial in navigating the complexities of data flow in the digital era.

Deena Magnall

Non-personal data is a fundamental component of business operations in various areas. It is extensively used for market research, enabling companies to gather valuable insights and conduct analysis to better understand industry trends and consumer preferences. Non-personal data is also crucial for supply chain optimization, helping businesses streamline logistics, reduce costs, and improve efficiency. Additionally, non-personal data plays a vital role in product development, allowing companies to identify customer needs, enhance existing products, and innovate new offerings.

Financial analysis greatly benefits from non-personal data, providing companies with essential information for making informed decisions and managing risks. Furthermore, non-personal data contributes to cyber resilience, allowing businesses to detect and mitigate cyber threats. It also supports sustainability efforts by assessing environmental impact, optimizing resource usage, and implementing greener practices.

Non-personal data delivers immense economic and societal benefits. Companies can analyze market data to expand their consumer base and increase revenue potential. During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-personal data played a crucial role in tracking disease outbreaks and enabling timely actions to mitigate the spread of the virus. However, concerns arise from increasing restrictions on non-personal data in the name of national security, hindering access to economies of scale and the development of technologies like artificial intelligence.

The regulation of non-personal data should adopt a risk-based approach, balancing the benefits of cross-border data transfers with potential risks. Restrictive data policies in countries like China burden businesses and their global operations. Additionally, India’s lack of distinction between personal and non-personal data poses concerns for data flow and businesses.

Building trust in handling data is paramount. To achieve trustful data flows, businesses should handle consumer data responsibly, ensure transparency, and protect privacy. Open dialogue between businesses, governments, and consumers, along with effective consumer protection measures, is crucial for finding the right balance between data utilization and privacy.

Utilizing non-personal data is critical for daily business operations, but regulation should be evidence-based and consider technical expertise. Rules should be flexible, interoperable, and technologically neutral, enabling innovation and progress.

In conclusion, non-personal data significantly impacts business and society. By promoting responsible data management, transparency, and open dialogue, businesses and governments can harness its power to drive innovation, economic growth, and societal progress.

Ayesha Ali

Data flows play a crucial role in trade and innovation, serving as the foundation for these processes. They not only reduce costs but also enhance efficiency and effectiveness. For international production processes, data flows are essential, as they allow businesses to streamline operations and expand their global reach. This is particularly beneficial for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), as data flows provide them with easier and more affordable access to international markets.

Recognizing the significance of data flows, the UK is dedicated to championing cross-border data flows globally. The country aims to prevent the imposition of new barriers, such as data localization, through its trade agreements. By incorporating provisions that promote high standards of data protection, the UK seeks to ensure that data flows remain uninterrupted and secure across borders. Thus, the UK’s digital trade strategy focuses on facilitating the international exchange of data while maintaining privacy and security.

However, some countries have taken a protectionist stance, implementing measures like data localization. Such an approach creates barriers to trade and investment, hinders innovation and cross-border cooperation, and undermines fair competition. Ayesha Ali, an advocate for data protection, acknowledges the need for rules and transparency in safeguarding personal information. Nevertheless, she advises against unjustified data localization requirements and supports the establishment of universal digital trade principles that prioritize the free flow of trusted data.

The discussions surrounding data flows have become a key focus within the World Trade Organization (WTO). Ayesha Ali suggests that these conversations aim to enhance the flow of data and enable its smooth international exchange. She advocates for an ambitious, commercially meaningful, and practical agreement to be reached through these discussions. The UK shares Ayesha’s perspective and continues to push for a mutually beneficial outcome aligned with its G7 digital trade principles and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs).

It is important to note that data legislation can have significant economic consequences. Research conducted by the European Centre of Political Economy reveals substantial economic losses in countries with strict data legislation, including productivity, growth, competitiveness, and investment. Conversely, collaborative open data initiatives based on trust can generate greater benefits for all stakeholders involved. This highlights the need to strike a balance between data protection and enabling data flows.

To address security concerns related to open data collaboration, the UK is continuously working to enhance its cybersecurity measures. By ensuring a robust cybersecurity framework, the UK aims to mitigate risks and protect shared data during collaborations. This proactive approach reinforces the country’s commitment to fostering a secure environment for data-driven partnerships.

In the rapidly evolving data-driven economy, global collaboration and ongoing dialogue play a pivotal role. Ayesha Ali emphasizes the importance of staying updated on changing technologies and economic trends and actively engaging in discussions and collaborations on data-related issues. By participating in global collaborations and negotiations, the UK strives to shape meaningful e-commerce rules that drive innovation, facilitate cross-border data flows, and foster a prosperous digital trade environment.

In summary, data flows are crucial for trade and innovation, resulting in cost savings and increased efficiency. The UK aims to lead in championing cross-border data flows while preventing barriers through trade agreements. However, a protectionist approach and unjustified data localization measures hinder fair competition and innovation. Ayesha Ali advocates for universal digital trade principles and transparency in data protection. The World Trade Organization actively engages in discussions on enhancing data flows, which the UK supports. While data legislation can lead to economic losses, collaborative open data initiatives can bring greater benefits. The UK prioritizes cybersecurity measures to address security concerns in open data collaboration. Finally, global collaboration and ongoing dialogue are essential in navigating the data-driven economy successfully.

Audience

Emerging economies are currently grappling with the best approach to data flows and governance. As technology advances, these economies feel they are at a disadvantage in the conversation about data flows, often being recipients rather than producers. However, some argue that data localization could support industrial growth within emerging economies. By keeping data within their borders, these economies believe they can utilise it to boost their industries. To strike a balance, a hybrid data flow model is being tested in emerging economies, combining elements of data-free flows trust and Controlled, Positive Balance of Rights (CPBR). There is also a recognition that regulation on data might be necessary for the economic development of emerging markets, with proposed exceptions for developing countries in data flows. It is clear that tailored approaches to data regulation are needed, taking into account the unique circumstances and interests of emerging economies. The aim is to promote equitable data participation and sustainable growth in these economies.

Moderator

In a discussion about the free flow of data across borders, the speakers emphasized its importance in supporting the global economy, trade, and social growth. They argued that the free flow of data underpins the global economy and plays a crucial role in enabling trade, economic growth, and overall GDP growth. Data flows were also seen as a powerful engine of innovation and competitiveness, essential for achieving sustainable development goals and socio-economic empowerment.

However, concerns about national security, privacy, and economic safety have arisen, leading to the implementation of restrictive policies and measures. These concerns have led to a growing mistrust in data flows and cross-border data transfers. The speakers highlighted the need to address these concerns and maintain trust while safeguarding privacy, security, and intellectual property. Proper governance frameworks were considered necessary to ensure the smooth flow of data across borders.

Country-specific data regulations, such as those in China and India, were mentioned for their significant impact on businesses. Restrictive laws in China and India’s expanded scope of data privacy regulations were seen as challenges that businesses must navigate.

The responsible use of non-personal data was also emphasized, with specific mention of the need for protections related to intellectual property and trade secrets. Businesses were urged to implement cybersecurity measures to ensure the secure sharing and exploitation of data.

Collaboration and trust were identified as critical factors for global data flows. It was stressed that maintaining the functionality of data flows requires transparency and common rules for data protection. The potential for data bias in artificial intelligence (AI) was discussed, with a focus on the importance of addressing data bias to prevent discrimination.

The speakers also highlighted the need to adapt to rapid technological changes, acknowledging that existing legislation may not be fully suited to emerging needs. They emphasized the differentiation between personal and non-personal data and the importance of individuals having mechanisms to enforce their data and intellectual property rights.

A balanced approach to data handling and policy was advocated, taking into account the enforcement of rights, fostering innovation, protecting trade secrets, and ensuring transparency. Transparency and dialogue were seen as crucial in building trust, with continued dialogue among consumers, policymakers, and industry seen as necessary.

Finally, the significance of a multi-stakeholder approach, especially for developing economies, was emphasized. Adapting to a multi-stakeholder approach was seen as essential, as it involves the involvement of small businesses and consumers in the digital world.

In conclusion, the speakers highlighted the importance of the free flow of data in supporting the global economy, trade, and social growth. They stressed the need to address concerns related to security, privacy, and economic safety while maintaining trust and safeguarding intellectual property. Proper governance frameworks, collaboration, transparency, and dialogue were considered crucial for the successful flow of data across borders. The impact of country-specific data regulations, responsible use of non-personal data, data bias in AI, adaptability to rapid technological changes, differentiation between personal and non-personal data, balanced data policy, transparency, and dialogue were all discussed as key considerations. Additionally, a multi-stakeholder approach was seen as essential, particularly for developing economies.

Speakers

A

Audience

Speech speed

188 words per minute

Speech length

480 words

Speech time

153 secs

AA

Ayesha Ali

Speech speed

172 words per minute

Speech length

1768 words

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617 secs

DM

Deena Magnall

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145 words per minute

Speech length

2659 words

Speech time

1101 secs

MY

Makoto Yokozawa

Speech speed

126 words per minute

Speech length

2393 words

Speech time

1140 secs

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Moderator

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168 words per minute

Speech length

2928 words

Speech time

1043 secs

PF

Peter Farrell

Speech speed

141 words per minute

Speech length

2279 words

Speech time

969 secs

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