Privacy and data protection Archives | Page 2 of 302

EU launches ProtectEU counterterrorism agenda

The European Commission has unveiled a new counterterrorism agenda under the ProtectEU initiative, outlining measures to strengthen the EU’s response to evolving security threats. Officials say the strategy aims to improve preparedness, reinforce cooperation and protect citizens and businesses from emerging forms of terrorism and violent extremism.

Authorities warn that technological change is reshaping the threat landscape. Terrorist groups increasingly exploit digital tools such as social media, AI and encrypted platforms for recruitment, propaganda and fundraising.

New risks also include the potential misuse of drones, crypto-assets and 3D-printed weapons, while radicalisation of minors online has become a growing concern across Europe.

The agenda proposes stronger capabilities for anticipating threats through expanded intelligence analysis and enhanced support for Europol, including greater use of open-source intelligence. Additional research funding will explore the security implications of emerging technologies, while new initiatives aim to strengthen early prevention efforts and community engagement to counter radicalisation, particularly among young people.

Online safety forms another key priority. The Commission plans to intensify cooperation with digital platforms to remove extremist content more quickly and to strengthen enforcement of the Digital Services Act. A new EU Online Crisis Response Framework is also proposed to improve coordination between authorities and technology companies during security incidents.

Measures targeting the physical environment will focus on protecting public spaces and critical infrastructure, including investments in security projects and stronger monitoring of individuals suspected of terrorism.

The strategy also seeks to improve the tracking of terrorist financing, including through cryptocurrencies, and to expand cooperation with international partners, such as countries in the Western Balkans and the Mediterranean region.

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Ocado job cuts raise AI questions

Ocado has announced plans to cut 1,000 jobs from its 20,000 strong global workforce, with roles mainly affected in technology and support. The company, headquartered in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, said the move would save £150m and follows major investment in robotics and automation.

Chief executive Tim Steiner said Ocado had completed a significant phase of investment in automation, but the company declined to confirm that AI directly led to the redundancies. At its Luton warehouse, opened in 2023, human staff continue to work alongside AI powered robots.

Analysts suggested that competition has intensified as retailers in the UK, the US and Canada adopt similar AI driven systems. Some former clients in the US and Canada have invested in their own technology, reducing reliance on Ocado’s platform.

Retail experts argued that deeper structural challenges, including changing consumer expectations and cost pressures in Hertfordshire and beyond, are also at play. Local leaders in Welwyn Hatfield have requested urgent talks as the company reshapes its operating model.

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Free plan users can now transfer data to Claude

Anthropic has enhanced its Claude AI chatbot to make switching from other platforms easier. Users on the free plan can now activate Claude’s memory feature, which allows them to import data from other AI platforms using a new dedicated tool.

The update ensures that users don’t have to start over when transferring context and history from competitors like OpenAI’s ChatGPT or Google’s Gemini.

The memory import option, first introduced in October for paid subscribers, now appears under ‘settings’ → ‘capabilities’ for all users. The tool lets users copy a prompt from their previous AI and paste the output into Claude, seamlessly transferring past interactions.

The recent popularity of Claude has been driven by tools such as Claude Code and Claude Cowork, as well as the launch of the Opus 4.6 and Sonnet 4.6 models. Upgrades enhance Claude’s coding, spreadsheet, and complex task capabilities, boosting its appeal to new users.

Anthropic’s visibility has also increased amid debates with the Pentagon, as the company refuses to loosen AI safeguards for military use, drawing ‘red lines’ around mass surveillance and autonomous weapons.

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Chrome unveils 3-phase quantum-resistant HTTPS upgrade with Merkle Tree Certificates

Google has outlined a plan to strengthen Chrome’s HTTPS security against future quantum-computing threats. Rather than expanding traditional X.509 certificate chains in Chrome with post-quantum cryptography, the company is developing a new model based on Merkle Tree Certificates (MTCs).

The proposal from the PLANTS working group seeks to modernise the web public key infrastructure. Under the MTC model, a Certification Authority signs a single ‘Tree Head’ covering many certificates. Browsers receive a lightweight proof instead of a full certificate chain.

Google said this structure reduces authentication data exchanged during TLS handshakes while supporting post-quantum algorithms. By decoupling cryptographic strength from certificate size, the approach seeks to preserve performance as stronger security standards are adopted.

The company is already testing MTCs with real internet traffic. Phase one involves feasibility studies with Cloudflare, while phase two, in early 2027, will invite selected Certificate Transparency log operators to support initial public deployment.

By the third quarter of 2027, Google plans to establish requirements for onboarding certificate authorities to the quantum-resistant Chrome Root Store, which exclusively supports MTCs. The company described the initiative as foundational to maintaining long-term web security resilience.

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Medical chatbots spark powerful debate over serious health risks and benefits

Medical chatbots are rapidly becoming part of digital healthcare as technology companies expand AI tools into health services. Companies such as OpenAI and Anthropic are introducing chatbot features designed to answer medical questions using personal data.

Medical chatbots can analyse information from medical records, wearable devices and wellness applications. By incorporating details such as prescriptions, age and prior diagnoses, they aim to provide more personalised responses than a standard internet search.

However, companies stress that these tools are not substitutes for professional medical care. They are not intended to diagnose conditions but rather to summarise results, explain terminology and help users prepare for appointments.

Supporters argue that medical chatbots can improve patient understanding. Experts from the University of California, San Francisco, note that the tools may clarify complex reports and highlight essential health trends when used responsibly.

Despite these benefits, significant limitations remain. AI systems can hallucinate or generate inaccurate advice, and users may struggle to distinguish reliable guidance from subtle errors.

Independent research reinforces these concerns. A 2024 study by the University of Oxford found that participants who used chatbots for hypothetical health scenarios did not make better decisions than those who relied on online searches or personal judgement.

Performance was strong when analysing structured written cases. Yet effectiveness declined during real-world interactions, where communication gaps affected outcomes.

Privacy presents another major issue. Medical chatbots often require users to upload sensitive health information to deliver personalised responses.

Unlike doctors and hospitals, AI companies are not bound by HIPAA, the US federal health privacy law. Although platforms state that data is stored separately and not used to train models, privacy standards differ from those in traditional healthcare.

Experts from Stanford University advise users to understand these differences before sharing medical records. Transparency and informed consent are critical considerations.

Medical chatbots are also inappropriate in emergencies. Individuals experiencing symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath or severe headaches should seek immediate medical attention instead of consulting AI tools.

Even in non-urgent cases, specialists recommend maintaining healthy scepticism. Consulting multiple AI systems may provide a form of second opinion, but it does not replace professional medical advice.

Medical chatbots, therefore, represent both opportunity and risk. As their capabilities expand, users must carefully weigh convenience and personalisation against accuracy, oversight and data protection concerns.

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Chrome Gemini vulnerability allowed camera and file access

A high-severity vulnerability in Chrome’s integrated Gemini AI assistant exposed users to the potential activation of the camera and microphone, local file access, and phishing attacks. The issue, tracked as CVE-2026-0628, was disclosed by Palo Alto Networks’ Unit 42 and patched by Google in January 2026.

Gemini Live operates as a privileged AI panel embedded within the browser, capable of web page summarisation and task automation. To enable multimodal functionality, the panel is granted elevated permissions, including access to screenshots, local files, and device hardware.

Researchers identified inconsistent handling of the declarativeNetRequest API when gemini.google.com was loaded inside the AI side panel rather than a standard browser tab. While extensions could inject JavaScript in both cases, the panel context inherited browser-level privileges.

A malicious extension exploiting this distinction could hijack the trusted panel and execute arbitrary code with elevated access. Potential impacts included silent activation of a camera or microphone, screenshot capture, local file exfiltration, and high-credibility phishing attacks.

Google released a fix on 5 January 2026 following responsible disclosure. Users running the latest version of Chrome are protected, and organisations are advised to ensure updates are applied across all endpoints.

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New public guidance launched to promote responsible AI use in Thailand

Thailand has published a draft public guidance document to help citizens use AI safely and responsibly. The ‘AI Guide for Citizens’ outlines key AI concepts, benefits, limitations, and practical examples for users engaging with generative AI tools.

Data safety is a central focus, with officials warning against entering personal identifiers, financial data, confidential information, or government secrets into public AI platforms.

The guide also details technical risks such as AI’ hallucinations,’ prompt injection, and data poisoning, advising users to verify outputs and treat AI as a support tool rather than a decision maker.

The guidance addresses ethical and legal responsibilities, warning against using AI to generate misinformation, deepfakes, or harmful content. It emphasises fairness and bias, noting AI systems can inherit human prejudices from training data.

Citizens encountering AI-related scams or harmful content are advised to collect evidence, report incidents to cybercrime authorities, and contact Thailand’s personal data protection agency if privacy is compromised.

The draft aligns Thailand’s AI policies with national rules and international standards, including ISO governance principles and the EU AI Act. The initiative aims to boost AI literacy and safeguards as AI becomes more integrated into daily life.

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Europe pressed to slow digital age-verification push amid privacy fears

Hundreds of academics urged governments to halt plans for mandatory age checks on social media, rather than accelerating deployment without assessing the risks.

The warning arrives as several European states consider restrictions on children’s access to online platforms and as companies promote verification tools such as live selfies or uploads of government-issued IDs.

Researchers argue that current systems expose people to privacy breaches, security vulnerabilities and malicious sites that ignore verification rules instead of offering meaningful protection.

They say scientific consensus has not yet formed on the benefits or harms of age-assurance technologies, making large-scale implementation premature and potentially discriminatory.

The letter stresses that any credible system would require cryptographic safeguards for every query, protecting data in transit rather than leaving identity checks to platforms without robust technical guarantees.

Academics believe such infrastructure would be complex to build globally and would create friction that many providers may refuse to adopt.

Concern escalated after early deployments in Italy and France, where verification is already mandatory.

Signatories, including Ronald Rivest and Bart Preneel, warn that governments risk introducing a socially unacceptable system that increases exposure to data misuse instead of ensuring children’s safety online.

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X rolls out Paid Partnership labels to boost creator transparency

The social media platform, X, has introduced a new ‘Paid Partnership’ label that creators can attach to posts to show when content is promotional instead of leaving audiences unsure about commercial intent.

An update that improves transparency for followers while meeting rules set by the Federal Trade Commission, which expects sponsored material to be disclosed clearly.

Creators previously relied on hashtags such as #ad or #paidpartnership instead of an integrated disclosure option. The new feature allows users to apply the label through a content-disclosure toggle either during posting or afterwards.

X’s product lead, Nikita Bier, said undisclosed promotions damage trust and weaken the platform’s integrity, so the tool is meant to support creators and regulators simultaneously.

X has been trying to build a stronger creator ecosystem by offering payouts, subscriptions and other incentives. Yet many creators still favour Instagram or YouTube over X as their primary channel, because those platforms have longer-standing monetisation tools.

The addition of a built-in label aligns X with broader industry practice and aims to regain credibility among advertisers and creators.

The company has also tightened API access, preventing programmatic replies unless a user is directly mentioned or quoted.

A change that seeks to limit LLM-generated spam instead of allowing automated responses to distort discussions or appear as fake engagement beneath sponsored content.

X hopes these combined measures will enhance authenticity around commercial posts.

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Non-human identities gain importance in cloud and AI security

As organisations expand across cloud environments, non-human identities are becoming a critical component of modern cybersecurity strategies. Managing machine identities and their associated secrets is increasingly central to reducing risk and improving AI-driven threat detection.

As digital infrastructure grows, machine identities function as secure access credentials for applications, services, and automated processes. Effective governance can reduce vulnerabilities, improve compliance, and streamline operations across sectors such as finance and healthcare.

Integrating non-human identities into AI security frameworks enables more contextual anomaly detection and improved visibility into network behaviour. Rather than relying solely on static scanning, organisations can adopt adaptive models that enhance predictive threat response.

Challenges remain, particularly around coordination between security, DevOps, and research teams. Gaps in collaboration and limited awareness of identity lifecycle management can create blind spots that weaken overall cyber resilience.

Automation is increasingly seen as essential for scaling non-human identity management. By automating secrets rotation, certificate renewal, and access reviews, organisations can strengthen governance while enabling security teams to focus on higher-value strategic priorities.

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