Digital standards

European Commission targets Apple for DMA compliance

The European Commission is taking significant steps to ensure Apple aligns its practices with the Digital Markets Act (DMA). That initiative involves specifying the actions Apple must undertake to enhance interoperability with other products, marking a pivotal moment as it represents the first formal use of this DMA tool to engage with the tech giant.

The move reflects the Commission’s commitment to fostering a competitive digital market within the EU, particularly in light of ongoing discussions regarding Apple’s role in this landscape. To this end, the Commission has initiated two key proceedings focused on interoperability issues concerning Apple’s iOS operating system.

The first aims to simplify the connection process for non-Apple devices, such as smartwatches and headphones, enabling them to work seamlessly with iPhones and iPads. That includes enhancing features like Bluetooth pairing and notifications. The second proceeding examines how Apple interacts with developers seeking interoperability, aiming to establish a fair and efficient process that encourages innovation while addressing potential privacy and security concerns.

The European Commission has established a clear timeline for these proceedings, setting a six-month deadline for investigations into Apple’s compliance with the DMA. Should Apple fail to meet the specified requirements, the Commission may impose fines or restrictions on the company’s operations in certain regions or technology sectors. Moreover, it follows a previous mandate requiring Apple to address competition concerns related to access to near-field communication (NFC) technology for contactless payments, highlighting the company’s ongoing scrutiny.

UN issues final report with key recommendations on AI governance

In a world where AI is rapidly reshaping industries, societies, and geopolitics, the UN advisory body has stepped forward with its final report – ‘Governing AI for Humanity,’ presenting seven strategic recommendations for responsible AI governance. The report highlights the urgent need for global coordination in managing AI’s opportunities and risks, especially in light of the swift expansion of AI technologies like ChatGPT and the varied international regulatory approaches, such as the EU’s comprehensive AI Act and the contrasting regulatory policies of the US and China.

One of the primary suggestions is the establishment of an International Scientific Panel on AI. The body, modelled after the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, would bring together leading experts to provide timely, unbiased assessments of AI’s capabilities, risks, and uncertainties. The International Scientific Panel on AI would ensure that policymakers and civil society have access to the latest scientific understanding, helping to cut through the hype and misinformation that can surround new technological advances.

The AI Standards Exchange implementation would form a standard exchange bringing together global stakeholders, including national and international organizations, to debate and develop AI standards. It would ensure AI systems are aligned with global values like fairness and transparency.

AI Capacity Development Network is also one of the seven key points that would address disparities. The UN here proposes building an AI capacity network that would link centres of excellence globally, provide training and resources, and foster collaboration to empower countries that lack AI infrastructure.

Another key proposal is the creation of a Global AI Data Framework, which would provide a standardised approach to the governance of AI training data. Given that data is the lifeblood of AI systems, this framework would ensure the equitable sharing of data resources, promote transparency, and help balance the power dynamics between big AI companies and smaller emerging economies. The framework could also spur innovation by making AI development more accessible across different regions of the world.

The report further recommends forming a Global Fund for AI to bridge the AI divide between nations. The fund would provide financial and technical resources to countries lacking the infrastructure or expertise to develop AI technologies. The goal is to ensure that AI’s benefits are distributed equitably and not just concentrated in a few technologically advanced nations.

In tandem with these recommendations, the report advocates for a Policy Dialogue on AI Governance, emphasising the need for international cooperation to create harmonised regulations and avoid regulatory gaps. With AI systems impacting multiple sectors across borders, coherent global policies are necessary to prevent a ‘race to the bottom’ in safety standards and human rights protections.

Lastly, the UN calls for establishing an AI Office within the Secretariat, which would serve as a central hub for coordinating AI governance efforts across the UN and with other global stakeholders. This office would ensure that the recommendations are implemented effectively and that AI governance remains agile in rapid technological change.

Through these initiatives, the UN seeks to foster a world where AI can flourish while safeguarding human rights and promoting global equity. The report implies that the stakes are high, and only through coordinated global action can we harness AI’s potential while mitigating its risks.

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Fibre optics urged as a priority in BEAD programme, say NTCA and ACA Connects

NTCA (The Rural Broadband Association) and ACA Connects strongly advocate for the NTIA to prioritise fibre deployment in the BEAD Program, asserting that fibre is the most reliable and scalable technology to meet the evolving connectivity needs of households and businesses in the US. They argue that the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and BEAD’s Notice of Funding Opportunity have already established fibre as the preferred broadband infrastructure, given its long-term durability and capacity to support future demand.

Moreover, NTCA & ACA Connects have recommended that NTIA seek further consultation on integrating low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites into the program. They express concerns that LEO systems, with their shared capacity across multiple jurisdictions, may undermine the IIJA’s focus on infrastructure investment. Therefore, they propose that NTIA carefully explore LEO satellite technology’s long-term viability and cost implications before allocating BEAD funding to such projects.

In addition, NTCA & ACA Connects believe that alternative technologies, such as unlicensed spectrum and LEO satellites, should only be considered as a last resort, particularly in cases where deploying fibre or other reliable broadband solutions is not economically feasible. They stress that these non-reliable technologies should be deployed solely in the hardest-to-reach areas, ensuring that fibre remains the primary solution in most cases.

By doing so, NTCA & ACA Connects aim to guarantee that Americans, especially in underserved regions, have access to robust and enduring high-speed internet. Furthermore, they emphasise that NTIA’s broadband strategy should focus on delivering long-term connectivity benefits to rural and remote communities. By concentrating on fibre as the core technology and carefully scrutinising the use of alternatives, they believe the BEAD Program can effectively bridge the digital divide and provide sustainable, high-quality internet access for all Americans.

US wireless data use hits record high in 2023

Wireless data consumption in the United States reached over 100 trillion megabytes in 2023, marking a 36% rise from the previous year, according to a survey by the wireless industry association CTIA. The increase of 26 trillion MBs is largely driven by the growing adoption of 5G devices and a rise in wireless connections, which totalled 558 million, up 6% from 2022.

As more industries, including drones, self-driving vehicles, and space exploration, rely on wireless technology, the demand for spectrum continues to soar. However, challenges remain, with Congress having let the Federal Communications Commission’s spectrum auction authority lapse in March 2023, the first time in 30 years.

CTIA CEO Meredith Attwell Baker highlighted the urgency for more licensed spectrum to support innovation and economic competitiveness. The Biden administration has made efforts to free up additional spectrum, but the pace has drawn criticism from Republicans who argue that the process is moving too slowly.

Despite the surge in wireless data usage, Americans spent slightly less time on phone calls, with minutes dropping from 2.5 trillion in 2022 to 2.4 trillion in 2023. Text messaging remained stable at 2.1 trillion messages.

u-blox and Wireless Logic partner to boost IoT connectivity

u-blox and Wireless Logic Ltd has announced a strategic partnership to enhance IoT devices’ capabilities by integrating Wireless Logic’s IoT network, Conexa, with u-blox’s advanced cellular modules. The collaboration is designed to provide seamless, robust, and scalable connectivity solutions, addressing the increasing demand for reliable IoT deployments across various sectors, including automotive, industrial, healthcare, and smart cities. By combining their expertise, both companies aim to empower businesses and developers to manage their IoT solutions effectively.

u-blox and Wireless Logic Ltd will enhance IoT connectivity by integrating Wireless Logic’s industry-leading network into select u-blox cellular modules. This integration will offer customers superior network reliability, extensive global coverage, and the flexibility to switch between multiple mobile networks using eSIM technology. This eliminates the need for physical SIM card changes, making deployments more efficient and adaptable to changing requirements.

u-blox and Wireless Logic Ltd are committed to providing unparalleled scalability and flexibility in their combined offerings. The partnership will enable businesses to deploy IoT solutions at scale more efficiently. At the same time, Wireless Logic’s intuitive platform will allow users to manage and monitor their connectivity, providing greater control and visibility over their IoT deployments.

Iran’s Supreme Leader calls for stricter internet regulation

Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has recently emphasised the need for stricter regulation of cyberspace, underscoring the country’s commitment to maintaining stringent internet controls. His remarks, made during a meeting with President Masoud Pezeshkian and his cabinet, highlighted the importance of establishing legal frameworks to govern digital spaces. Khamenei cited the recent arrest of Telegram founder Pavel Durov in France as an example of the necessity for legal oversight, pointing out that even in liberal nations, individuals face legal consequences, reinforcing his argument for a regulated digital environment.

Khamenei’s call reflects Iran’s longstanding approach to internet governance, characterised by some of the most restrictive policies globally. The country frequently blocks access to major social media platforms. Still, many Iranians utilise VPNs to circumvent these controls, highlighting the ongoing struggle between regulation and access in Iran’s digital landscape. The economic implications of these restrictions were discussed during presidential debates, with Pezeshkian criticising the adverse effects on small businesses relying on social media.

Khamenei’s advocacy underscores a broader tension between security and freedom in cyberspace. While his remarks address potential threats, they highlight ongoing debates about balancing security measures with individual freedoms in the digital age. As Iran navigates its approach to internet governance, the international community remains vigilant regarding the implications for global digital policy and human rights.

Businesses prepare for uncertain future with AI regulation

The growing risk of AI regulation is becoming a key concern for US companies, with 27% of Fortune 500 firms citing it in their recent reports. The development of AI rules is seen as a potential threat to innovation and business practices, especially in light of state-level initiatives such as California’s SB 1047. Companies fear that such regulations could hinder AI model development and sharing, with hundreds of similar bills being proposed nationwide.

Businesses like Moody’s have voiced concerns over how AI regulation could increase compliance burdens, while others like Johnson & Johnson are mindful of global efforts, including the EU’s AI Act. Despite the potential for greater oversight, companies like Booking Holdings have acknowledged the benefits of regulating AI models to prevent biases and other risks. The White House’s Executive Order on AI and the rise of state legislation point to a future of tighter regulation.

To manage these risks, some corporations are taking matters into their own hands by implementing internal AI guidelines ahead of new laws. S&P Global has established its own AI policies to anticipate upcoming regulations but remains concerned that new laws could impede competition in the AI space. On the other hand, companies such as Nasdaq have already begun working with regulators on AI-enabled solutions, demonstrating how businesses are navigating the complex regulatory landscape.

Despite these challenges, companies are pressing ahead with AI initiatives as they seek to stay competitive. Despite regulatory uncertainty and varying laws from state to state, businesses are unwilling to slow their AI development, knowing their rivals are likely to push forward. Industry leaders believe thoughtful regulation could eventually benefit AI adoption if it supports responsible and innovative practices.

NIST updates Digital Identity Guidelines for enhanced security

The US Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has updated its draft guidelines on digital identity, aiming to enhance security and accessibility when accessing government services. The revisions, reflecting feedback received throughout 2023, emphasise the importance of modern digital methods, such as digital credentials on smartphones and traditional identity verification.

Jason Miller, deputy director for management at the Office of Management and Budget, highlighted that the updated guidelines are part of the Biden-Harris administration’s efforts to strengthen anti-fraud measures while ensuring equitable access to services. NIST Director Laurie E. Locascio added that the guidelines aim to manage risks and prevent fraud, making digital services accessible.

One key update area involves expanding guidance on emerging technologies like passkeys and digital wallets, which allow for more secure online transactions and identity verification. NIST also included provisions for those who prefer or need to use traditional identification methods, ensuring that services remain accessible to everyone.

NIST is seeking public comments on these updated guidelines until 7 October 2024, with a webinar scheduled for 28 August to discuss the changes further. These guidelines, once finalised, are expected to equip federal agencies better to counter evolving threats while providing critical services to the public.


Zuckerberg apologises for Facebook photo error involving Trump

Former President Donald Trump revealed that Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg apologised to him after Facebook mistakenly labelled a photo of Trump as misinformation. The photo, which showed Trump raising a fist after surviving an assassination attempt at a rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, was initially flagged by Meta’s AI system. Trump disclosed the apology during an interview with FOX Business’ Maria Bartiromo, stating that Zuckerberg called him twice to express regret and praise his response to the event.

Meta Vice President of Global Policy Joel Kaplan clarified that the error occurred due to similarities between a doctored image and the real photo, leading to an incorrect fact-check label. Kaplan explained that the AI system misapplied the label due to subtle differences between the two images. Meta’s spokesperson Andy Stone reiterated that Zuckerberg has not endorsed any candidate for the 2024 presidential election and that the labelling error was not due to bias.

The incident highlights ongoing challenges for Meta as it navigates content moderation and political neutrality, especially ahead of the 2024 United States election. Additionally, the assassination attempt on Trump has sparked various online conspiracy theories. Meta’s AI chatbot faced criticism for initially refusing to answer questions about the shooting, a decision attributed to the overwhelming influx of information during breaking news events. Google’s AI chatbot Gemini similarly refused to address the incident, sticking to its policy of avoiding responses on political figures and elections.

Both Meta and Google have faced scrutiny over their handling of politically sensitive content. Meta’s recent efforts to shift away from politics and focus on other areas, combined with Google’s cautious approach to AI responses, reflect the tech giants’ strategies to manage the complex dynamics of information dissemination and political neutrality in an increasingly charged environment.

India to expand digital transaction security options

India’s central bank proposed new guidelines on Wednesday to allow a broader range of authentication methods for digital transactions. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) aims to enhance security by incorporating alternatives like fingerprints, passwords, and personal identification numbers (PINs) as additional factors of authentication.

Currently, text-based one-time passwords are the primary method used for authorising digital payments in India. The RBI’s draft circular suggests introducing other options such as passphrases, card hardware, or software tokens to verify users’ identities. This move is part of a broader effort to reduce fraud and cybercrime.

The proposal aligns with India’s broader technological initiatives, including the allocation of $1.24 billion for AI infrastructure and the introduction of biometric passports. Additionally, India has mandated USB-C ports for smartphones and tablets to curb e-waste, reflecting the country’s commitment to digital and tech security, as well as environmental sustainability.