The facility has started operations in Zhongwei, in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, a western region that has become central to China’s computing and clean-energy strategy.
Operated by China Telecom Ningxia Branch, the data centre is built to a wind-powered liquid-cooling standard. According to the company, the facility achieves a Power Usage Effectiveness rating of 1.15, supporting high-performance AI computing while reducing energy use compared with conventional data centres.
The project is part of China’s wider effort to connect computing capacity with renewable energy resources. Ningxia has already hosted large-scale projects that directly supply green electricity to data centre clusters, including a 500 MW solar facility in Zhongwei linked to China’s computing-electricity coordination model.
Zhongwei is also a key node in China’s ‘Eastern Data, Western Computing’ initiative, which aims to shift data-intensive workloads from eastern economic centres to western regions with more land and renewable-energy resources.
The new facility is expected to support AI computing, data processing and industrial digital transformation. It could also increase demand for servers, AI chips, liquid-cooling equipment and other parts of China’s domestic technology supply chain.
The project highlights how energy availability and efficiency are becoming central to AI infrastructure policy, as countries and companies face rising power demand from data centres and advanced AI systems.
Why does it matter?
AI infrastructure is becoming an energy-policy issue. China’s green-powered data centre model shows how governments may try to match growing AI compute demand with renewable-energy deployment, regional data-centre planning and industrial supply-chain development. For China, the project also supports a broader strategy of moving compute workloads westward, reducing pressure on eastern cities and using renewable resources in regions such as Ningxia. The challenge will be proving that such facilities can deliver reliable AI computing at scale while genuinely reducing emissions across the full power and data-centre system.
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Google has published a policy paper proposing a two-track approach to AI governance in the United States, separating oversight of frontier AI models from rules for widely deployed AI applications.
The paper argues that AI policy should avoid what Google describes as a false choice between over-regulation and no regulation. Instead, the company calls for a pragmatic, evidence-based framework that treats the most advanced AI systems differently from everyday AI tools such as chatbots.
For frontier AI, Google proposes the creation of a Frontier AI Regulatory Organisation, or FARO. The industry-funded body would operate under federal oversight and develop standards for safety, security, incident reporting and transparency.
Google says FARO could set scientific benchmarks for frontier capabilities, particularly in areas such as cybersecurity and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear risks. It could also oversee independent audits and require frontier AI companies to publish and follow safety frameworks before releasing highly capable models.
For widely deployed AI applications, Google argues that the federal government should rely mainly on existing legal frameworks, with targeted updates where needed. The paper says policy should focus on real-world harms and outputs rather than micromanaging AI development.
The company identifies several priority areas, including workforce preparedness, child safety, information integrity, copyright, privacy and energy infrastructure for data centres.
Google supports measures such as AI interaction guidelines for children, disclosures that chatbots are not sentient, rules for self-harm-related queries, watermarking and provenance standards for generative AI, privacy-enhancing technologies and workforce reskilling.
The paper presents the model as a way to address national security and consumer protection risks while preserving US leadership in AI development.
Why does it matter?
Google’s paper is a significant industry intervention in the US AI policy debate. Its two-track model reflects a broader governance trend: frontier AI is increasingly being treated as a national security and safety issue, while everyday AI applications are being handled through consumer protection, child safety, privacy, copyright and labour policy. The proposal could influence federal discussions, but it also reflects Google’s own regulatory preferences, including industry-funded oversight, confidential audit reports and reliance on existing law for many AI applications.
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China has regained the world’s leading position in supercomputing after the LineShine system became the fastest computer in the latest TOP500 ranking, replacing the US’s El Capitan at the top of the list.
The achievement marks China’s return to first place for the first time since 2017 and highlights the growing strategic importance of high-performance computing in the AI era.
Unlike many recent AI-focused supercomputers that rely heavily on graphics processing units (GPUs), LineShine achieves exascale performance using conventional central processing units (CPUs).
Beyond topping benchmark rankings, the system is expected to support scientific research, advanced simulations, climate modelling, pharmaceutical development and the training of increasingly sophisticated AI models.
The announcement also reflects the broader ambition of China to strengthen technological leadership while presenting its innovation ecosystem as a contributor to global technological development.
The growing investment in supercomputers reflects how computing infrastructure is increasingly being treated as a strategic asset alongside semiconductors, cloud infrastructure and advanced data centres.
As governments increasingly link AI capabilities with economic competitiveness, scientific leadership and national security, access to world-class computing resources is becoming one of the defining factors shaping the global technology balance.
Why does it matter?
The latest TOP500 ranking underline that computing capacity is becoming a defining factor in AI development and scientific competitiveness. As frontier AI models require ever-greater computational resources for training and inference, access to world-class supercomputers is emerging as a strategic advantage alongside semiconductor manufacturing and cloud infrastructure.
China’s return to the top of the rankings also highlights the geopolitical dimension of high-performance computing. At the same time, continued European investment in AI factories and supercomputing infrastructure reflects a broader effort to strengthen technological sovereignty and reduce dependence on external computing resources as countries compete for leadership in AI and advanced research.
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UN Secretary-General António Guterres has called on AI companies to publicly disclose the environmental impact of their operations, including carbon emissions, water consumption, and land use. Speaking at London Climate Action Week, Guterres proposed an AI Environmental Transparency Initiative, arguing that communities are often left without clear information about the environmental impact of nearby data centre developments.
Citing a UN study, Guterres said data centres consumed more electricity in 2025 than all but ten countries, accounting for around 1.5% of global electricity demand. That share could approach 3% by 2030, while AI-related water consumption and pollution are also projected to rise significantly. By 2030, that figure is projected to nearly double to close to 3 per cent, while the water use and pollution associated with AI are also expected to double within four years.
Guterres noted that coal still provides around 30% of the electricity used by data centres globally, while renewables account for approximately 27%. He called on AI companies to power their facilities entirely with renewable energy by 2030. Guterres called on AI firms to commit to powering their facilities entirely from renewable sources such as wind and solar by 2030, though existing clean energy commitments from major tech companies have already been complicated by the rapid pace of AI deployment.
Guterres linked the proposal to broader concerns about climate change and energy security, arguing that both are rooted in continued dependence on fossil fuels. He noted that the planet has just endured its eleven hottest years on record, and that last year marked the first time the three-year global temperature average broke through the 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold set by the 2015 Paris Agreement.
He also noted that renewable energy surpassed one-third of global electricity generation in 2025 for the first time, while coal’s share fell below one-third, although he cautioned that rising AI-related electricity demand could complicate progress.
Coal’s share of global generation also fell below one-third for the first time, though significant challenges remain, particularly given policy reversals in the US under President Donald Trump, who has embraced fossil fuels and cut support for renewables.
Guterres, whose term ends in December 2026, will convene world leaders again at the annual COP climate summit later this year. He reiterated calls for every major emitter to accelerate action, reduce methane emissions, and move away from coal, oil, and gas, with the speech delivered during a heatwave affecting much of London and Europe.
Why does it matter?
The rapid expansion of AI infrastructure is bringing its environmental footprint under increasing scrutiny. As data centres consume growing amounts of electricity and water, policymakers are beginning to ask whether AI companies should be subject to the same transparency expectations applied to other carbon-intensive industries. Standardised reporting could provide governments, investors and local communities with a clearer understanding of AI’s environmental impact.
The proposal also highlights the growing intersection between AI governance and climate policy. As countries seek to expand AI capabilities while meeting emissions targets, the availability of clean energy, sustainable infrastructure and transparent environmental reporting is likely to become an increasingly important part of discussions on responsible AI development.
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The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development (DG AGRI) and Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT) jointly organised an online expert workshop on 24 June to explore how to accelerate AI adaption and scale trusted AI solutions across the agriculture sector.
The workshop was organised within the framework of the Commission’s Apply AI Strategy, which aims to accelerate AI adoption in strategic sectors, including agri-food, while strengthening European competitiveness, technological sovereignty and uptake among small and medium-sized enterprises. Participants discussed AI applications already being deployed in farm management, precision agriculture, crop and livestock monitoring, advisory services, agricultural robotics and the simplification of administrative processes.
The workshop focused on three priorities: assessing the current level of AI adoption in EU agriculture, identifying barriers to wider deployment and exploring policy measures that could support greater uptake. An interactive session also examined what is needed to ensure AI solutions in agriculture are developed, tested, and validated in a trustworthy and responsible manner.
The workshop’s findings will inform a stakeholder input note identifying priority AI use cases, barriers to adoption, infrastructure and data requirements, and potential follow-up actions under the Apply AI Strategy and related EU programmes supporting the digital transition of agriculture.
Why does it matter?
The workshop illustrates how the European Commission is moving from promoting AI in principle to addressing the practical conditions needed for large-scale deployment. In agriculture, AI has the potential to improve productivity, reduce resource use and simplify administrative tasks, but broader adoption will depend on access to high-quality data, digital infrastructure, trusted solutions and support for farmers and SMEs.
The initiative also reinforces the EU’s wider strategy of linking AI deployment with competitiveness and technological sovereignty. By connecting the Apply AI Strategy with the Common Agricultural Policy, the Common European Agricultural Data Space and Horizon Europe, the Commission is seeking to build an ecosystem in which AI can be adopted responsibly while supporting the long-term digital transformation of Europe’s agri-food sector.
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Chinese Vice Premier Liu Guozhong has called for stronger development of the biomedicine sector and brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies, describing them as strategic industries that will support the Healthy China initiative and China’s future industrial development.
During a visit to Jiangsu Province, Liu called for greater use of AI, big data, and other digital technologies in pharmaceutical research and development to boost innovation and accelerate high-quality growth in the biomedicine sector.
Liu also described brain-computer interfaces as a frontier technology and a strategic area of international competition. Liu called for stronger interdisciplinary collaboration, expanded brain science research, faster breakthroughs in core technologies, and greater original innovation capacity.
The remarks reinforce China’s broader strategy of promoting AI-enabled innovation and emerging technologies to strengthen industrial competitiveness and modernise its healthcare sector.
Why does it matter?
China’s emphasis on AI-powered biomedicine and brain-computer interfaces reflects its strategy of combining healthcare innovation with industrial policy. By encouraging the use of AI in drug discovery while investing in frontier technologies such as BCIs, Beijing is seeking to strengthen domestic innovation and compete in sectors expected to play an important role in future economic growth.
The remarks also underscore the growing geopolitical significance of advanced health technologies. As countries invest in AI, biotechnology and neurotechnology, these fields are increasingly viewed not only as drivers of scientific progress but also as strategic capabilities linked to economic competitiveness, technological sovereignty and national resilience.
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UN human rights experts have warned that AI and related digital technologies could deepen gender inequalities if they are developed and deployed without meaningful regulation.
The Working Group on discrimination against women and girls said AI is reshaping the conditions in which women and girls exercise their rights. In a report to the Human Rights Council, the experts said the absence of gender-responsive AI governance could amplify exclusion, reinforce harmful stereotypes and worsen structural inequalities.
The report says AI and digital technologies can support gender equality when designed responsibly, including by expanding access to education, healthcare, financial services and justice. However, the experts warned that poorly governed systems can also create new forms of exclusion across political, civic and economic life.
The Working Group identified three urgent preconditions for substantive gender equality in the digital age: closing the digital divide, ensuring that AI and digital technologies support rather than undermine women’s and girls’ human rights, and promoting their meaningful participation and leadership in public and political life.
The experts also raised concern over gendered harms linked to AI and digital technologies, including technology-facilitated gender-based violence, mass surveillance, armed conflict, lethal autonomous weapons and climate-related impacts.
They called on states to adopt human rights-based and feminist approaches to AI governance, strengthen regulation and accountability, and ensure that women and girls can participate meaningfully in technological development and decision-making.
The Working Group said technology must serve equality, human rights and human dignity, framing gender-responsive AI governance as an obligation rather than an optional policy choice.
Why does it matter?
The report frames AI governance as a gender equality and human rights issue, not only a technical or innovation challenge. Without gender-responsive rules, AI systems can reproduce discrimination through biassed data, unequal access, surveillance, online violence and exclusion from decision-making. The report also matters because it connects AI policy with digital inclusion and political participation, areas where women and girls are often affected by overlapping forms of discrimination.
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The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is rethinking how financial regulation should operate in the age of AI, according to a speech by chief executive Nikhil Rathi.
Speaking at techUK’s Agents of Change: Generative and Agentic AI in Financial Services 2026 event, Rathi said financial services will be central to making the UK a world-leading AI economy. He said the sector can provide the capital, infrastructure, and trust needed for AI to scale across the wider economy.
Rathi said more than 80% of financial services firms are already using or adopting AI, shifting the policy focus from adoption to large-scale deployment. He said AI is challenging the assumptions on which markets and regulation were built, making it necessary to preserve trust, competition, and resilience as technology moves faster than existing frameworks can keep pace.
The FCA chief identified two major scaling opportunities. The first is agentic AI, which Rathi said could evolve beyond summarisation and task automation into systems capable of coordinating workflows and executing transactions.
In retail markets, Rathi said agentic systems could support smarter bill management, personalised investment strategies, and reduced friction. In wholesale markets, they could support liquidity management, trading workflows, and other market functions.
Rathi stressed that accountability for regulated activities and their outcomes must remain clearly assigned, regardless of the degree of automation. He said investors may be reluctant to delegate important decisions to systems they do not understand, making human oversight and consumer confidence essential.
Rathi also identified tokenisation as a second major trend shaping financial markets. Rathi said tokenisation could lower costs, reduce risk, and unlock new services by creating more automated and programmable infrastructure for agentic finance.
He noted that banks are already piloting tokenized deposits and said the FCA had approved Baillie Gifford, alongside Bank of New York Mellon, to launch the UK’s first natively tokenised authorised fund.
Rathi said rapid AI progress raises fundamental questions for regulation. He argued that legislation alone cannot keep pace with technological change, requiring the FCA to evolve from a traditional rule-maker into a regulator focused on continuous supervision, stewardship and resilience.
The FCA is exploring agentic AI as a ‘first responder’ to speed up wholesale market monitoring. Rathi said the regulator could use its technology, large datasets, and supervisory judgement to tackle market abuse faster.
He said traditional rule-making will still be needed in some areas, but will not work everywhere. The FCA’s role will increasingly involve both stewardship and supervision, helping firms and markets navigate technological change and acting before legislation catches up.
Rathi also said AI will change competition in financial services. He said AI can lower barriers to entry and allow challengers to grow quickly, while some incumbents may fall behind.
The FCA chief said the regulator’s role is not to protect incumbents, but to ensure competition works in consumers’ and the economy’s interests. He said the FCA expects to use system-wide powers more frequently as part of its regular toolkit.
Operational resilience was another major theme of the speech. Rathi said financial services increasingly depend on cloud providers, model providers, data providers, and other parts of the AI stack, creating both opportunities and risks for systemic resilience, market integrity, and financial crime.
He said fraud increasingly sits at the intersection of financial services, technology, and telecoms. UK Finance’s Annual Fraud Report suggests the UK lost almost £1.3 billion through payment fraud last year, with two-thirds of authorised fraud cases linked to social media sites and messaging platforms.
Rathi said frontier AI could further magnify risks. Faster and more capable models could help firms identify vulnerabilities and strengthen defences, but could also help attackers move more quickly.
Boards and leadership teams must understand these risks, he said. Firms need to map and govern dependencies on model providers and other third parties, as the Critical Third Parties regime becomes more important.
Rathi said resilience will increasingly become a national security and system-wide challenge. He said no single firm, regulator or sector will be able to see all risks, making better information sharing essential.
The FCA is supporting AI adoption through tools including its Supercharged Sandbox, AI Lab, and the AI Consortium with the Bank of England. Rathi said these initiatives are intended to help firms build, test, and scale AI safely in UK financial services.
He said the FCA will publish more work soon, including the Mills Review on how AI could reshape retail financial services and later guidance on good and poor AI practice.
Rathi concluded that the key question is no longer whether AI will reshape financial services, but whether the UK can become the preferred location for developing and deploying AI safely, responsibly and at commercial scale. He said regulation must support innovation while keeping markets competitive, resilient, and fit for technological change.
Why does it matter?
The speech signals a broader shift in financial regulation from static rule-making towards continuous supervision in response to rapidly evolving AI technologies. As agentic AI, tokenisation and frontier models become more deeply embedded in financial services, regulators are increasingly focusing on governance, operational resilience, competition and accountability rather than relying solely on traditional legislative approaches.
It also illustrates how AI is becoming a strategic issue for financial stability and economic competitiveness. By combining regulatory sandboxes, supervisory innovation and collaboration with industry, the FCA aims to encourage responsible AI adoption while managing emerging risks related to fraud, third-party dependencies, cybersecurity and market integrity. The UK’s approach may influence how other financial regulators adapt to AI-driven transformation.
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The system ranked 31st in the TOP500 list of the world’s most powerful supercomputers and 23rd in the Green500 list of energy-efficient systems. According to GRNET, DAEDALUS recorded a measured performance of 85.69 petaflops, making it the most powerful computing system ever ranked in Greece.
DAEDALUS is based on Hewlett Packard Enterprise architecture and uses NVIDIA GH200 accelerators. It also uses direct liquid cooling, combining high computing performance with energy efficiency.
The supercomputer and its data centre are located at the Lavrio Technological and Cultural Park of the National Technical University of Athens, inside the former Power Station building.
Once fully operational, DAEDALUS is expected to support researchers, universities, industry and public authorities working on demanding computational tasks. These include AI, cybersecurity, personalised healthcare, climate research, public administration and large-scale data analytics.
The system will also serve as the computational core of PHAROS, Greece’s national AI Factory under the European AI Factories initiative. Through PHAROS, Greece aims to expand access to AI infrastructure and support the development of AI applications across research, business and the public sector.
The project forms part of Greece’s wider digital transformation agenda and contributes to European efforts to strengthen technological capacity, AI infrastructure and digital sovereignty through high-performance computing.
Why does it matter?
DAEDALUS gives Greece strategic computing capacity for AI research, scientific modelling and public-sector digital transformation. Its role in PHAROS also links national supercomputing infrastructure to the EU’s AI Factories initiative, which aims to give researchers and companies access to advanced computing resources for AI development. The Green500 ranking matters as well, because Europe’s AI infrastructure push increasingly depends not only on raw performance, but also on energy efficiency and sustainable data-centre design.
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Africa’s place in an evolving digital governance landscape
As AI, cybersecurity, and digital technologies become increasingly central to international policymaking, African countries are seeking to strengthen their role in shaping global digital governance. Questions of representation, digital sovereignty, capacity development, and regional coordination are becoming more prominent as governments prepare for negotiations on AI governance, cybersecurity, telecommunications, and internet governance.
These issues formed the focus of a recent Diplo webinar on Cyber Diplomacy in Africa: Regional, National and Continental Initiatives, moderated by Mwende Njiraini, African Initiative Coordinator at Diplo and Chair of the ITU-T Study Group 17 Regional Group for Africa on security. The discussion brought together policymakers, diplomats, academics, and regional organisations to examine how African interests can be more effectively represented in international digital governance processes.
Although the discussion focused on Africa, many of the issues raised, including AI governance, digital sovereignty, capacity development, and multistakeholder cooperation, reflect broader challenges facing digital governance worldwide.
From cyber diplomacy to diplomacy in the AI era
Opening the discussion, Kurbalija suggested that the distinction between cyber diplomacy, digital diplomacy, and technology diplomacy is becoming less significant as digital technologies permeate virtually every area of international relations. Rather than focusing on terminology, he argued that the central question is how countries, communities, and citizens represent their interests in an increasingly digital world.
‘Cyber diplomacy, digital diplomacy, or AI diplomacy is ultimately diplomacy. It is about representing interests, negotiating, and finding common solutions.’, he said.
According to Kurbalija, technological developments are no longer confined to specialised policy discussions. AI, cybersecurity, digital infrastructure, and data governance increasingly influence trade, security, education, healthcare, humanitarian action, and economic development, making digital issues part of mainstream diplomacy.
This evolution also raises questions about whether Africa is sufficiently represented in international discussions shaping the future of digital technologies.
Image via Magnific
Kurbalija noted that African diplomats are becoming more active in negotiations related to AI, cybersecurity, and internet governance, but argued that stronger participation will be necessary to ensure that the continent’s priorities are reflected in emerging international frameworks.
Rather than approaching these meetings individually, Kurbalija encouraged participants to prepare coordinated positions that reflect African priorities across different policy areas.
Regional coordination remains a work in progress
A recurring theme throughout the discussion was the gap between continental ambitions and national implementation.
However, she questioned whether these processes consistently translate into practical outcomes across the continent.
To illustrate this point, Getao presented the results of a live audience poll measuring familiarity with African digital governance initiatives. While approximately half of the participants recognised the AU Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection (the Malabo Convention), significantly fewer were familiar with other continental initiatives, including the AU Digital Transformation Strategy and the African Union’s position on international law in cyberspace.
The findings suggested that awareness of Africa’s existing digital governance architecture remains uneven, even among participants engaged in digital policy discussions.
Ambassador Bitange Ndemo argued that implementation presents an even greater challenge than awareness. He observed that agreements adopted at the African Union level often take considerable time to influence national policymaking, with countries frequently developing their own legal and regulatory approaches rather than building on common continental frameworks.
Using the Malabo Convention as an example, Ndemo suggested that many governments introduced separate data protection legislation without fully integrating broader continental approaches. According to him, one contributing factor is reliance on external funding for many regional digital initiatives.
‘If we continue depending on external partners to finance our priorities, ownership becomes more difficult’, Ndemo added.
Ndemo argued that stronger African investment in digital governance initiatives would improve both implementation and long-term sustainability.
Getao echoed this concern, noting that important achievements at the continental level do not always ‘percolate’ effectively to national implementation.
Building common African positions
Despite these challenges, speakers highlighted several examples of growing regional coordination.
Meriem Slimani described how the African Telecommunications Union (ATU) has worked to strengthen cooperation among member states in preparing common African positions for international telecommunications negotiations.
When she joined the organisation in 2015, Slimani recalled, many countries submitted proposals independently at international meetings, often without consulting neighbouring states.
ATU responded by creating a coordination platform through which member countries discuss priorities, identify common interests, exchange experiences, and gradually develop shared positions before major international conferences.
‘Our objective has been to ensure that Africa speaks with one voice where common interests exist.’
Image via Magnific
According to Slimani, this collaborative approach has become particularly important in preparation for major meetings of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), where coordinated regional positions can strengthen Africa’s influence during negotiations.
While acknowledging that implementation challenges remain, he argued that progress has been more visible in some sectors than others.
In particular, COMESA has advanced several practical digital trade initiatives, including electronic trade documentation, digital logistics systems, electronic certificates of origin, and simplified digital trade procedures designed to facilitate cross-border commerce.
Governance issues such as cybersecurity and cybercrime, however, have generally progressed more slowly because they often involve more politically sensitive discussions and require broader legal coordination among participating states.
Chinemhute suggested that smaller regional organisations can sometimes move more quickly than continental institutions because they involve fewer actors and more focused policy priorities.
Looking ahead
While speakers approached Africa’s digital future from different institutional and regional perspectives, several common priorities emerged throughout the discussion. These included strengthening Africa’s participation in global digital governance processes, improving coordination among national, regional, and continental initiatives, investing in capacity development, and ensuring that digital policies reflect local realities and priorities.
The discussion also highlighted that digital governance extends beyond technology. Questions of AI, cybersecurity, connectivity, language, education, and financing were presented as interconnected challenges that require cooperation among governments, regional organisations, academia, the private sector, and civil society.
Image via Magnific
As international discussions on AI and digital governance continue through forums such as the AI for Good Global Summit, the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)+20 process, and the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), speakers stressed that African participation will be most effective when supported by coordinated regional positions and sustained investment in local expertise and digital capabilities.
Ultimately, the webinar underscored that Africa’s role in shaping the future of digital governance will depend not only on engagement in international negotiations but also on translating continental ambitions into practical national implementation and ensuring that African perspectives contribute to global debates on AI, cybersecurity, and digital development.
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