Critical infrastructure

At the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 2025 in Norway, a high‑level parliamentary roundtable convened global lawmakers to tackle the pressing challenge of digital threats to democracy. Led by moderator Nikolis Smith, the discussion included Martin Chungong, Secretary‑General of the Inter‑Parliamentary Union (via video), and MPs from Norway, Kenya, California, Barbados, and Tajikistan. The central concern was how AI, disinformation, deepfakes, and digital inequality jeopardise truth, electoral integrity, and public trust.

Grunde Almeland, Member of the Norwegian Parliament, warned: ‘Truth is becoming less relevant … it’s hard and harder to pierce [confirmation‑bias] bubbles with factual debate and … facts.’ He championed strong, independent media, noting Norway’s success as “number one on the press freedom index” due to its editorial independence and extensive public funding. Almeland emphasised that legislation exists, but practical implementation and international coordination are key.

Kenyan Senator Catherine Mumma described a comprehensive legal framework—including cybercrime, data protection, and media acts—but admitted gaps in tackling misinformation. ‘We don’t have a law that specifically addresses misinformation and disinformation,’ she said, adding that social‑media rumours ‘[sometimes escalate] to violence’ especially around elections. Mumma called for balanced regulation that safeguards innovation, human rights, and investment in digital infrastructure and inclusion.

California Assembly Member Rebecca Bauer‑Kahn outlined her state’s trailblazing privacy and AI regulations. She highlighted a new law mandating watermarking of AI‑generated content and requiring political‑advert disclosures, although these face legal challenges as potentially ‘forced speech.’ Bauer‑Kahn stressed the need for ‘technology for good,’ including funding universities to develop watermarking and authentication tools—like Adobe’s system for verifying official content—emphasising that visual transparency restores trust.

Barbados MP Marsha Caddle recounted a recent deepfake falsely attributed to her prime minister, saying it risked ‘put[ting] at risk … global engagement.’ She promoted democratic literacy and transparency, explaining that parliamentary meetings are broadcast live to encourage public trust. She also praised local tech platforms such as Zindi in Africa, saying they foster home‑grown solutions to combat disinformation.

Tajikistan MP Zafar Alizoda highlighted regional disparities in data protections, noting that while EU citizens benefit from GDPR, users in Central Asia remain vulnerable. He urged platforms to adopt uniform global privacy standards: ‘Global platforms … must improve their policies for all users, regardless of the country of the user.’

Several participants—including John K.J. Kiarie, MP from Kenya—raised the crucial issue of ‘technological dumping,’ whereby wealthy nations and tech giants export harmful practices to vulnerable regions. Kiarie warned: ‘My people will be condemned to digital plantations… just like … slave trade.’ The consensus called for global digital governance treaties akin to nuclear or climate accords, alongside enforceable codes of conduct for Big Tech.

Despite challenges—such as balancing child protection, privacy, and platform regulation—parliamentarians reaffirmed shared goals: strengthening independent media, implementing watermarking and authentication technologies, increasing public literacy, ensuring equitable data protections, and fostering global cooperation. As Grunde Almeland put it: ‘We need to find spaces where we work together internationally… to find this common ground, a common set of rules.’ Their unified message: safeguarding democracy in the digital age demands national resilience and collective global action.

Track all key moments from the Internet Governance Forum 2025 on our dedicated IGF page.