Consumer protection

Foreign cybercrime cells thrive in Nigeria

Nigeria’s anti-fraud agency had 194 foreign nationals in custody in 2024, prosecuting 146 for their roles in cyber-enabled financial crimes, highlighting a robust response to a growing threat.

December alone saw nearly 800 arrests in Lagos, targeting romance and cryptocurrency investment scams featuring foreign ringleaders from China and the Philippines. In one case, 148 Chinese and 40 Filipino suspects were detained.

These groups established complex fraud operations in major Nigerian cities, using fake identities and training local recruits, often unaware of the ultimate scheme. Investigations also flagged cryptocurrency-fuelled money laundering and arms trafficking, pointing to wider national security risks.

EFCC chairman Ola Olukoyede warned that regulatory failures, such as visa oversight and unchecked office space leasing, facilitated foreign crime cells.

National and continental collaboration, tighter visa control, and strengthened cybercrime frameworks will be key to dismantling these networks and securing Nigeria’s digital economy.

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EU sets privacy defaults to shield minors

The European Commission has published new guidelines to help online platforms strengthen child protection, alongside unveiling a prototype age verification app under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The guidance addresses a broad range of risks to minors, from harmful content and addictive design features to unwanted contact and cyberbullying, urging platforms to set children’s accounts to the highest privacy level by default and limit risky functions like geo-location.

Officials stressed that the rules apply to platforms of all sizes and are based on a risk-based approach. Websites dealing with alcohol, drugs, pornography, or gambling were labelled ‘high-risk’ and must adopt the strictest verification methods. While parental controls remain optional, the Commission emphasised that any age assurance system should be accurate, reliable, non-intrusive, and non-discriminatory.

Alongside the guidelines, the Commission introduced a prototype age verification app, which it calls a ‘gold standard’ for online age checks. Released as open-source code, the software is designed to confirm whether a user is above 18, but can be adapted for other age thresholds.

The prototype will be tested in Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, and Spain over the coming months, with flexibility for countries to integrate it into national systems or offer it as a standalone tool. Both the guidelines and the app will be reviewed in 12 months, as the EU continues refining its approach to child safety online.

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Malaysia enforces trade controls on AI chips with US origin

Malaysia’s trade ministry announced new restrictions on the export, transshipment and transit of high-performance AI chips of US origin. Effective immediately, individuals and companies must obtain a trade permit and notify authorities at least 30 days in advance for such activities.

The restrictions apply to items not explicitly listed in Malaysia’s strategic items list, which is currently under review to include relevant AI chips. The move aims to close regulatory gaps while Malaysia updates its export control framework to match emerging technologies.

‘Malaysia stands firm against any attempt to circumvent export controls or engage in illicit trade activities,’ the ministry stated on Monday. Violations will result in strict legal action, with authorities emphasising a zero-tolerance approach to export control breaches.

The announcement follows increasing pressure from the United States to curb the flow of advanced chips to China. In March, the Financial Times reported that Washington had asked allies including Malaysia to tighten semiconductor export rules.

Malaysia is also investigating a shipment of servers linked to a Singapore-based fraud case that may have included restricted AI chips. Authorities are assessing whether local laws were breached and whether any controlled items were transferred without proper authorisation.

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Children turn to AI chatbots instead of real friends

A new report warns that many children are replacing real friendships with conversations through AI chatbots instead of seeking human connection.

Research from Internet Matters found that 35% of children aged nine to seventeen feel that talking to AI ‘feels like talking to a friend’, while 12% said they had no one else to talk to.

The report highlights growing reliance on chatbots such as ChatGPT, Character.AI, and Snapchat’s MyAI among young people.

Researchers posing as vulnerable children discovered how easily chatbots engage in sensitive conversations, including around body image and mental health, instead of offering only neutral, factual responses.

In some cases, chatbots encouraged ongoing contact by sending follow-up messages, creating the illusion of friendship.

Experts from Internet Matters warn that such interactions risk confusing children, blurring the line between technology and reality. Children may believe they are speaking to a real person instead of recognising these systems as programmed tools.

With AI chatbots rapidly becoming part of childhood, Internet Matters urges better awareness and safety tools for parents, schools, and children. The organisation stresses that while AI may seem supportive, it cannot replace genuine human relationships and should not be treated as an emotional advisor.

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Google urges caution as Gmail AI tools face new threats

Google has issued a warning about a new wave of cyber threats targeting Gmail users, driven by vulnerabilities in AI-powered features.

Researchers at 0din, Mozilla’s zero-day investigation group, demonstrated how attackers can exploit Google Gemini’s summarisation tools using prompt injection attacks.

In one case, a malicious email included hidden prompts using white-on-white font, which the user cannot see but Gemini processes. When the user clicks ‘summarise this email,’ Gemini follows the attacker’s instructions and adds a phishing warning that appears to come from Google.

The technique, known as an indirect prompt injection, embeds malicious commands within invisible HTML tags like <span> and <div>. Although Google has released mitigations since similar attacks surfaced in 2024, the method remains viable and continues to pose risks.

0din warns that Gemini email summaries should not be considered trusted sources of security information and urges stronger user training. They advise security teams to isolate emails containing zero-width or hidden white-text elements to prevent unintended AI execution.

According to 0din, prompt injections are the new equivalent of email macros—easy to overlook and dangerously effective in execution. Until large language models offer better context isolation, any third-party text the AI sees is essentially treated as executable code.

Even routine AI tools could be hijacked for phishing or more advanced cyberattacks without the userćs awareness. Google notes that as AI adoption grows across sectors, these subtle threats require urgent industry-wide countermeasures and updated user protections.

Users are advised to delete any email that displays unexpected security warnings in its AI summary, as these may be weaponised.

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AI fake news surge tests EU Digital Services Act

Europe is facing a growing wave of AI-powered fake news and coordinated bot attacks that overwhelm media, fact-checkers, and online platforms instead of relying on older propaganda methods.

According to the European Policy Centre, networks using advanced AI now spread deepfakes, hoaxes, and fake articles faster than they can be debunked, raising concerns over whether EU rules are keeping up.

Since late 2024, the so-called ‘Overload’ operation has doubled its activity, sending an average of 2.6 fabricated proposals each day while also deploying thousands of bot accounts and fake videos.

These efforts aim to disrupt public debate through election intimidation, discrediting individuals, and creating panic instead of open discussion. Experts warn that without stricter enforcement, the EU’s Digital Services Act risks becoming ineffective.

To address the problem, analysts suggest that Europe must invest in real-time threat sharing between platforms, scalable AI detection systems, and narrative literacy campaigns to help citizens recognise manipulative content instead of depending only on fact-checkers.

Publicly naming and penalising non-compliant platforms would give the Digital Services Act more weight.

The European Parliament has already acknowledged widespread foreign-backed disinformation and cyberattacks targeting EU countries. Analysts say stronger action is required to protect the information space from systematic manipulation instead of allowing hostile narratives to spread unchecked.

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xAI issues apology over Grok’s offensive posts

Elon Musk’s AI startup xAI has apologised after its chatbot Grok published offensive posts and made anti-Semitic claims. The company said the incident followed a software update designed to make Grok respond more like a human instead of relying strictly on neutral language.

After the Tuesday update, Grok posted content on X suggesting people with Jewish surnames were more likely to spread online hate, triggering public backlash. The posts remained live for several hours before X removed them, fuelling further criticism.

xAI acknowledged the problem on Saturday, stating it had adjusted Grok’s system to prevent similar incidents.

The company explained that programming the chatbot to ‘tell like it is’ and ‘not be afraid to offend’ made it vulnerable to users steering it towards extremist content instead of maintaining ethical boundaries.

Grok has faced controversy since its 2023 launch as an ‘edgy’ chatbot. In March, xAI acquired X to integrate its data resources, and in May, Grok was criticised again for spreading unverified right-wing claims. Musk introduced Grok 4 last Wednesday, unrelated to the problematic update on 7 July.

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Azerbaijan government workers hit by cyberattacks

In the first six months of the year, 95 employees from seven government bodies in Azerbaijan fell victim to cyberattacks after neglecting basic cybersecurity measures and failing to follow established protocols. The incidents highlight growing risks from poor cyber hygiene across public institutions.

According to the State Service of Special Communication and Information Security (XRİTDX), more than 6,200 users across the country were affected by various cyberattacks during the same period, not limited to government staff.

XRİTDX is now intensifying audits and monitoring activities to strengthen information security and safeguard state organisations against both existing and evolving cyber threats instead of leaving vulnerabilities unchecked.

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Enhancing email security through multi-factor authentication

Many users overlook one critical security setting that can stop hackers in their tracks: multi-factor authentication (MFA). Passwords alone are no longer enough. Easy-to-remember passwords are insecure, and strong passwords are rarely memorable or widely reused.

Brute-force attacks and credential leaks are common, especially since many users repeat passwords across different platforms. MFA solves this by requiring a second verification form, usually from your phone or an authenticator app, to confirm your identity.

The extra step can block attackers, even if they have your password, because they still need access to your second device. Two-factor authentication (2FA) is the most common form of MFA. It combines something you know (your password) with something you have.

Many email providers, including Gmail, Outlook, and Proton Mail, now offer built-in 2FA options under account security settings. On Gmail, visit your Google Account, select Security, and enable 2-Step Verification. Use Google Authenticator instead of SMS for better safety.

Outlook.com users can turn on 2FA through their Microsoft account’s Security settings, using an authenticator app for code generation. Proton Mail allows you to scan a QR code with Google Authenticator after enabling 2FA under Account and Password settings.

Authenticator apps are preferred over SMS, as they are vulnerable to SIM-swapping and phishing-based interception. Adding MFA is a fast, simple way to strengthen your email security and avoid becoming a victim of password-related breaches.

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CISA 2015 expiry threatens private sector threat sharing

Congress has under 90 days to renew the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) of 2015 and avoid a regulatory setback. The law protects companies from liability when they share cyber threat indicators with the government or other firms, fostering collaboration.

Before CISA, companies hesitated due to antitrust and data privacy concerns. CISA removed ambiguity by offering explicit legal protections. Without reauthorisation, fear of lawsuits could silence private sector warnings, slowing responses to significant cyber incidents across critical infrastructure sectors.

Debates over reauthorisation include possible expansions of CISA’s scope. However, many lawmakers and industry groups in the United States now support a simple renewal. Health care, finance, and energy groups say the law is crucial for collective defence and rapid cyber threat mitigation.

Security experts warn that a lapse would reverse years of progress in information sharing, leaving networks more vulnerable to large-scale attacks. With only 35 working days left for Congress before the 30 September deadline, the pressure to act is mounting.

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