Capacity development Archives | Digital Watch Observatory

UNESCO-backed initiative promotes AI skills and workforce innovation in East Africa

Nearly 1,000 students from across East Africa participated in the AI4EAC Innovation Challenge, a regional initiative designed to strengthen AI skills while encouraging practical solutions to local challenges.

Supported by UNESCO Campus Africa and several regional and international partners, the programme brought together students from 57 universities across East Africa.

One of the programme’s central themes was employment and workforce development through the Skills2Job Challenge. Participants were tasked with developing AI systems capable of identifying suitable occupations based on an individual’s skills profile.

Using data from UNESCO’s Global Skills Tracker, students developed machine-learning models aimed at improving career guidance, workforce mobility and skills-based hiring.

The winning projects explored different approaches to matching skills with labour market opportunities. Several participants argued that labour markets across Africa continue to place significant emphasis on formal qualifications, often overlooking transferable skills that could support employment across multiple sectors and industries.

UNESCO said the initiative demonstrates growing demand for AI skills across the region while highlighting the ability of young innovators to develop solutions tailored to local economic and social challenges.

The programme forms part of wider efforts to strengthen links between higher education, innovation ecosystems and employment opportunities throughout Africa.

Why does it matter?

The initiative highlights how AI can be applied to address practical development challenges, including the gap between education outcomes and labour market needs. By focusing on skills-based matching rather than formal qualifications alone, AI tools could help improve workforce mobility, career guidance and access to employment opportunities.

The programme also reflects the growing importance of AI capacity development across Africa. As governments, universities and businesses invest in digital transformation, building local AI talent and innovation ecosystems will be essential for ensuring that AI solutions are developed in ways that reflect regional priorities, economic realities and social needs.

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UNIDIR launches platform for AI peace and security policy

UNIDIR, Switzerland, and Pakistan will host a pre-launch briefing for the Institute’s Centre of Excellence on AI, Peace and Security in Geneva on 17 June 2026.

The briefing will take place at the Palais des Nations ahead of the centre’s formal launch later the same day. It will bring together stakeholders involved in the governance of AI and international security.

U NIDIR said the Centre of Excellence on AI, Peace and Security is being established at a critical moment for global AI governance, as AI increasingly reshapes international peace and security dynamics. The centre is intended to serve as a permanent platform for consolidating knowledge, connecting stakeholders and maintaining continuity between multilateral processes and global discussions on AI and international security.

The platform aims to promote greater continuity and coherence across international AI governance initiatives. It will also promote inclusive global engagement and provide practical, evidence-based policy guidance, resources, and capacity-building support.

According to UNIDIR, the goal is to strengthen international cooperation on the governance of AI in peace and security contexts, amid growing urgency and complexity.

The pre-launch briefing will introduce the centre as a platform for multistakeholder engagement and actionable knowledge generation. Participants will also be invited to express interest in supporting the centre, joining its Forum and contributing to future activities.

Speakers will include Dr Giacomo Persi Paoli, Head of UNIDIR’s Security and Technology Programme; Reto Wollenmann, Senior Advisor on AI and International Security at Switzerland’s Federal Department of Foreign Affairs; and Husham Ahmed, Counsellor at the Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the UN in Geneva.

The briefing will also include an overview of the centre’s governance structure and ways for states and other stakeholders to engage through its Forum. The event will be moderated by Dr Yasmin Afina, Researcher in UNIDIR’s Security and Technology Programme.

Why does it matter?

AI is becoming an increasingly important factor in international peace and security, influencing areas ranging from military applications and cyber operations to information integrity, crisis management and strategic stability. As discussions on AI governance expand across multiple international forums, there is growing demand for mechanisms that can provide continuity, expertise and coordination between policy processes.

The new UNIDIR centre seeks to fill that gap by creating a permanent platform for research, dialogue and capacity-building. By bringing together governments, international organisations, industry, academia and civil society, it could help promote more inclusive and evidence-based approaches to governing AI in security contexts, particularly for countries with limited resources or technical expertise.

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Western Balkans schools explore AI in education with UNESCO and UNICEF support

Educators from across the Western Balkans gathered in Sarajevo to discuss the rapid rise of AI in education and its implications for teaching and learning. The regional conference brought together more than 80 teachers and practitioners from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia.

Supported by UNESCO, UNICEF, the French Institute and the Croatian Cultural Society ‘Napredak’, the event focused on both the opportunities and risks associated with AI adoption in education. Discussions covered ethical use of AI, data protection, safeguarding learner well-being and maintaining educational integrity in digital environments.

Workshops provided hands-on training in AI tools, allowing participants to explore how the technology can be used responsibly and effectively in classroom settings. UNESCO also introduced multilingual resources on AI in education, aimed at improving access to practical guidance and best practices across the region.

The initiative highlighted a shared priority among educators: ensuring that AI supports human-centred learning while teachers remain central to delivering effective, inclusive and equitable education.

Why does it matter?

The integration of AI into education systems marks a structural shift in how learning is designed, delivered and evaluated, with implications that extend beyond classrooms into labour markets and civic participation. As governments and institutions experiment with AI tools, the key challenge is ensuring that efficiency gains do not come at the expense of equity, privacy and critical thinking.

Regional cooperation and shared ethical frameworks, such as those promoted by UNESCO, are therefore essential for preventing fragmented adoption and widening digital divides, while helping education systems remain adaptable, inclusive and centred on human development in an increasingly automated environment.

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Manchester tops UK AI city ranking for third consecutive year

Manchester has ranked as the UK’s most AI-ready city outside London for the third consecutive year, according to the SAS AI Cities 2026 Index.

The index, produced by data and AI company SAS, assesses cities using indicators including AI-related jobs, business activity, innovation funding, education opportunities and digital infrastructure.

Manchester received the highest overall score in the 2026 index, supported by strong AI employment, education and business activity. SAS said the city recorded the highest number of AI businesses in the ranking, with 655 organisations operating in the sector.

The city also performed strongly in Innovate UK funding for AI and data economy projects, while skills and training initiatives have supported Greater Manchester’s wider AI ecosystem.

Recent regional initiatives include the expansion of technology learning hubs for secondary school students and the Future of Work Alliance, a five-year programme focused on AI research, training, internships and scholarships.

Bristol, Glasgow, Oxford, Birmingham, Southampton, Edinburgh, Leeds, Liverpool and Cambridge completed the top ten cities in the 2026 ranking.

Why does it matter?

The ranking points to the growing importance of regional AI ecosystems beyond London. Cities competing for AI investment increasingly need a mix of skills, education, research links, digital infrastructure, business activity and public-sector support. Manchester’s position suggests that local AI strategies are becoming part of wider economic development and workforce planning, although the ranking should be read as a private-sector index rather than an official measure of national AI capacity.

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Vietnam targets digital economy at 30% of GDP by 2030

Vietnam has approved a national programme to develop its digital economy and digital society from 2026 to 2030, setting a target for the digital economy’s value-added contribution to reach around 30% of GDP by the end of the decade.

The programme aims to accelerate digital transformation across public services, businesses and society through digital platforms, data infrastructure, AI and wider adoption of digital services.

Economic targets include supporting at least 500,000 small and medium-sized enterprises in adopting digital technologies, developing at least five data exchanges, and building at least five Vietnamese digital technology companies able to compete with firms in advanced economies.

The plan also sets infrastructure and access goals. Vietnam aims to provide fibre-optic broadband to all households, extend 5G coverage to 99% of the population, and ensure that all citizens aged 14 and above have digital identification and authentication tools.

Human capital development is also central to the strategy. The government aims to provide basic digital skills training to more than 10 million working-age people by 2030, including skills for using online public services, digital payments, online safety and AI.

The programme forms part of Vietnam’s broader national digital transformation strategy, alongside digital government initiatives and efforts to strengthen competitiveness, productivity and innovation capacity.

Why does it matter?

Vietnam’s programme shows how emerging economies are treating digital infrastructure, AI, data platforms and digital skills as core economic policy, not only technology policy. The targets are ambitious and cover both market development and social access, from SMEs and data exchanges to broadband, 5G, digital ID and digital literacy. The practical impact will depend on implementation, investment and whether businesses and citizens can adopt digital tools at scale.

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Armenian finance minister highlights AI’s economic potential and risks

Armenia’s Finance Minister Vahe Hovhannisyan said AI could support economic growth while also creating new economic and labour-market challenges. He made the comments during a parliamentary discussion on the performance of the 2025 state budget.

Hovhannisyan said the impact of AI is being widely debated internationally and that governments around the world are actively exploring its economic implications. He was responding to questions about AI’s potential effect on GDP growth and the expansion of the tax base.

The minister cited international estimates suggesting that AI adoption could add approximately 0.8 to 1 percentage point to economic growth. He said AI has the potential to generate new forms of employment while supporting productivity and economic growth.

At the same time, Hovhannisyan warned that AI could disrupt existing jobs and create adjustment challenges for labour markets. The remarks were made during discussions on Armenia‘s 2025 budget performance, as the government’s 2026 budget projects economic growth of 5,4%.

Why does it matter?

The comments reflect a broader global debate about AI’s economic impact. Policymakers increasingly view AI as a potential driver of productivity, innovation and economic growth, while also recognising the possibility of labour-market disruption and changing workforce demands.

For emerging economies such as Armenia, the challenge is not only adopting AI technologies but also ensuring that workers and businesses can benefit from them. The long-term impact of AI on growth, employment and public finances will depend on investment, skills development and the ability to adapt to technological change.

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Japanese researchers develop interpretable AI for materials discovery

Researchers in Japan have developed an interpretable AI method to explain how AI models make predictions in materials discovery. The method analyses features learned by a trained AI model and uses them to identify relationships between atomic structure and optical spectra.

The study was led by researchers from the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Tohoku University. The work is expected to be published in the journal Advanced Intelligent Discovery.

AI is increasingly used in materials research to predict how materials behave based on atomic structure. Such models can accelerate materials discovery and reduce reliance on trial-and-error experimentation, but many operate as black boxes, making it difficult to understand how they arrive at specific predictions.

The researchers addressed this problem by analysing a trained AI model that predicts optical absorption spectra from atomic structural data. They extracted features from the model’s internal layers and clustered materials according to shared structural and spectral characteristics.

The team used an atomistic line graph neural network trained on data from 2,681 metal oxides, chalcogenides, and related compounds. The clustering process classified materials into groups sharing structural characteristics such as elemental composition, atomic coordination, bond lengths, bond angles and similar spectral signatures.

According to the researchers, the model learned meaningful relationships between atomic structure and material properties without being explicitly provided oxidation states or electronic configurations as input. The interpretable AI method could therefore help researchers identify the factors behind desired spectral shapes and support more rational materials design.

The approach could also be applied beyond optical absorption spectra. Researchers said the approach could also help explain how atomic arrangements influence other material properties under varying conditions, such as temperature and pressure, opening new possibilities for designing materials with targeted characteristics.

Why does it matter?

One of the main challenges facing the use of AI in scientific research is explainability. While AI systems can identify patterns and generate accurate predictions, researchers often need to understand the reasoning behind those predictions before they can confidently apply them in experimental settings.

By revealing how AI models connect atomic structures with material properties, interpretable AI could make machine learning a more effective tool for scientific discovery. The approach may help accelerate the development of advanced materials for applications ranging from renewable energy and electronics to sensors and next-generation manufacturing, while improving trust in AI-assisted research.

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Singapore warns of Microsoft impersonation scams causing major losses

The Singapore Police Force (SPF) and the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) have warned the public about technical support scams that impersonate Microsoft. Authorities said at least 10 cases had been reported since February 2026, with total losses exceeding S$1.7 million.

In this scam variant, victims typically encounter a pop-up alert in their web browser. The alert falsely appears to originate from Microsoft and claims that the user’s device has been hacked or compromised.

Victims are then instructed to contact a so-called technical support officer through an internet-based phone number. After making contact, victims may be transferred to another scammer posing as a police officer, who claims that their device has been used for criminal activities such as money laundering.

Authorities in Singapore said victims may be instructed to make bank transfers, provide banking credentials, or grant remote access to their devices. In some cases, scammers asked victims to download remote access applications or click links that allowed them to take control of bank accounts.

SPF and CSA advised members of the public to verify alerts through official software provider channels. They noted that Microsoft does not include phone numbers in error or warning messages, and that users should not call numbers displayed in suspicious pop-ups or click links or buttons within such alerts.

People who believe they have fallen victim to the scam are advised to disconnect their computer from the internet, contact their bank, remove applications installed under the scammer’s instructions, and run an anti-virus scan. They should also change passwords and banking credentials using a trusted device, remove unauthorised payees, and report the incident to the police and CSA’s SingCERT.

Why does it matter?

Technical support scams remain one of the most effective forms of cyber-enabled fraud because they combine social engineering, impersonation and remote access techniques. By exploiting trust in well-known brands such as Microsoft and creating a sense of urgency, scammers can persuade victims to hand over sensitive information or direct access to their devices.

The cases also highlight how cybersecurity and financial security are increasingly interconnected. Basic cyber hygiene practices, such as verifying security alerts through official channels, avoiding unsolicited remote access requests and reporting incidents quickly, can help prevent account compromise and reduce financial losses.

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Spanish minister says AI regulation boosts competitiveness and trust

Spain’s Minister for Digital Transformation and Public Function, Óscar López, said that AI regulation strengthens competitiveness rather than discouraging investment. Speaking at the Foro Talento España event organised by TRIVU, he argued that trust is becoming a key factor in the development and adoption of AI.

López pointed to OpenAI’s decision to open its first office in Spain as evidence that AI regulation can coexist with innovation and investment. He said Spain’s approach helps create a more predictable and trustworthy environment for businesses and technology development.

The minister also highlighted government investments in digital skills and talent development. He cited initiatives including the National Digital Skills Plan, university programmes focused on AI and cybersecurity, and plans to recruit 1,600 ICT specialists for the public sector.

These efforts have contributed to growth in higher education, technology training and STEM employment. Speaking in Madrid, López said continued investment in talent, digital skills and emerging technologies will be essential as AI and other advanced digital sectors continue to evolve in Spain.

Why does it matter?

The relationship between AI regulation and innovation remains a central policy debate worldwide. While some argue that regulation could slow investment and technological development, others contend that clear rules can increase trust, reduce uncertainty and encourage long-term adoption.

Spain’s position reflects a growing European approach that views regulation and innovation as complementary rather than competing objectives. By combining AI governance measures with investments in skills, education and digital talent, policymakers are seeking to build an environment that supports both technological development and public trust.

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Microsoft president says AI’s future should be shaped by people, not technology alone

Microsoft Vice Chair and President Brad Smith has argued that the future impact of AI should be shaped by people rather than technology alone, emphasising the importance of human agency, creativity and the dignity of work.

In a recent blog post, Smith said concerns expressed by university graduates about AI’s impact on employment should be taken seriously by the technology sector.

Smith also noted that younger generations remain among the most active users of AI technologies but are increasingly questioning how AI will affect jobs, careers and society. He argued that graduates are sending a clear message that AI should support human capabilities instead of determining the role of people in the workforce.

The article draws on historical examples of technological disruption, including photography, computing and automation, arguing that new technologies have often transformed work rather than eliminated human creativity and ambition.

Smith acknowledged concerns about entry-level employment, workforce restructuring and economic uncertainty, while suggesting that AI adoption is likely to unfold over decades rather than over a short period.

Microsoft argues that individuals should focus on combining expertise in their chosen fields with AI literacy. The company also emphasises the importance of uniquely human skills such as creativity, curiosity, communication, compassion and judgement.

For organisations, Smith recommends using AI to strengthen institutional knowledge and productivity while retaining control over proprietary data, intellectual property and strategic decision-making.

Why does it matter?

The debate over AI’s impact on employment has become one of the central questions in technology policy and economic planning. While some forecasts focus on job displacement, others argue that AI will primarily transform how work is performed, creating demand for new skills and roles while reshaping existing occupations.

Smith’s comments offer insight into how a leading AI developer views the long-term transition. His emphasis on augmentation, workforce adaptation and human agency reflects a broader industry narrative that AI should enhance rather than replace human capabilities, while highlighting the growing importance of digital skills, lifelong learning and public participation in decisions about AI deployment.

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