Capacity development

Kazakhstan climbs global AI readiness ranking

Kazakhstan has risen to 60th place out of 195 countries in the 2025 Government AI Readiness Index, marking a 16-place improvement and highlighting a year of accelerated institutional and policy development.

The ranking, compiled by Oxford Insights, measures governments’ ability to adopt and manage AI across public administration, the economy, and social systems.

At a regional level, Kazakhstan now leads Central Asia in AI readiness. A strong performance in the Public Sector Adoption pillar, with a score of 73.59, reflects the widespread use of digital services, e-government platforms, and a shift toward data-led public service delivery.

The country’s advanced digital infrastructure, high internet penetration, and mature electronic government ecosystem provide a solid foundation for scaling AI nationwide.

Political and governance initiatives have further strengthened Kazakhstan’s position. In 2025, the government enacted its first comprehensive AI law, which covers ethics, safety, and digital innovation.

At the same time, the Ministry of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry was restructured into a dedicated Ministry of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development, signalling the government’s commitment to making AI a central policy priority.

Kazakhstan’s progress demonstrates how a focused policy, infrastructure, and institutional approach can enhance AI readiness, enabling the responsible and effective integration of AI across public and economic sectors.

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Japan to boost spending on semiconductors and AI

Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry is set to significantly increase funding for advanced semiconductors and AI in the coming fiscal year.

Spending on chips and AI is expected to nearly quadruple to ¥1.23 trillion ($7.9 billion), accounting for the majority of the ministry’s ¥3.07 trillion budget, a 50% increase from last year. The budget, approved by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s Cabinet, will be debated in parliament early next year.

The funding boost reflects Japan’s push to strengthen its position in frontier technologies amid global competition with the US and China. The government will fund most of the additional support through regular budgets, ensuring more stable backing for semiconductor and AI development.

Key initiatives include ¥150 billion for chip venture Rapidus and ¥387.3 billion for domestic foundation AI models, data infrastructure, and ‘physical AI’ for robotics and machinery control.

The budget also allocates ¥5 billion for critical minerals and ¥122 billion for decarbonisation, including next-generation nuclear power. Special bonds worth ¥1.78 trillion will also support Japanese investment in the US, reinforcing the trade agreement between the two countries.

The increase in funding demonstrates Japan’s strategic focus on achieving technological self-sufficiency and enhancing global competitiveness in emerging industries, thereby ensuring long-term support for innovation and critical infrastructure.

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MIT-IBM researchers improve large language models with PaTH Attention

Researchers at MIT and the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab have introduced a new attention mechanism designed to enhance the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in tracking state and reasoning across long texts.

Unlike traditional positional encoding methods, the PaTH Attention system adapts to the content of words, enabling models to follow complex sequences more effectively.

PaTH Attention models sequences through data-dependent transformations, allowing LLMs to track how meaning changes between words instead of relying solely on relative distance.

The approach improves performance on long-context reasoning, multi-step recall, and language modelling benchmarks, all while remaining computationally efficient and compatible with GPUs.

Tests demonstrated consistent gains in perplexity and content-awareness compared with conventional methods. The team combined PaTH Attention with FoX to down-weight less relevant information, improving reasoning and long-sequence understanding.

According to senior author Yoon Kim, these advances represent the next step in developing general-purpose building blocks for AI, combining expressivity, scalability, and efficiency for broader applications in structured domains such as biology.

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Agentic AI, digital twins, and intelligent wearables reshape security operations in 2026

Operational success in security technology is increasingly being judged through measurable performance rather than early-stage novelty.

As 2026 approaches, Agentic AI, digital twins and intelligent wearables are moving from research concepts into everyday operational roles, reshaping how security functions are designed and delivered.

Agentic AI is no longer limited to demonstrations. Instead of simple automation, autonomous agents now analyse video feeds, access data and sensor logs to investigate incidents and propose mitigation steps for human approval.

Adoption is accelerating worldwide, particularly in Singapore, where most business leaders already view Agentic AI as essential for maintaining competitiveness. The technology is becoming embedded in workflows rather than used as an experimental add-on.

Digital twins are also reaching maturity. Instead of being static models, they now mirror complex environments such as ports, airports and high-rise estates, allowing organisations to simulate emergencies, plan resource deployment, and optimise systems in real time.

Wearables and AR tools are undergoing a similar shift, acting as intelligent companions that interpret the environment and provide timely guidance, rather than operating as passive recording devices.

The direction of travel is clear. Security work is becoming more predictive, interconnected and immersive.

Organisations most likely to benefit are those that prioritise integration, simulation and augmentation, while measuring outcomes through KPIs such as response speed, false-positive reduction and decision confidence instead of chasing technological novelty.

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Drones and AI take over Christmas tree farms

Across Christmas tree farms, drones and AI are beginning to replace manual counting and field inspections.

Growers in Denmark and North Carolina are now mapping plantations using AI-driven image analysis instead of relying on workers walking the fields for days.

Systems can recognise and measure each tree, give it a digital ID and track health and growth over time, helping farmers plan harvests and sales more accurately.

The technology is proving particularly valuable in large or difficult terrain. Some plantations in North Carolina sit on steep slopes where machinery and people face higher risks, so farmers are turning to laser-scanning drones and heavy-duty robotic mowers instead of traditional equipment.

Experts say the move saves time, improves safety and reduces labour needs, while accuracy rates can reach as high as 98 percent.

Adoption still depends on cost, aviation rules and staff training, so smaller farms may struggle to keep pace. Yet interest continues to rise as equipment becomes cheaper and growers grow more comfortable with digital tools.

Many industry specialists now see AI-enabled drones as everyday agricultural equipment rather than experimental gadgets.

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AI disruption risk seen as lower for India’s white-collar jobs

India faces a lower risk of AI-driven disruption to white-collar jobs than Western economies, IT Secretary S Krishnan said. A smaller share of cognitive roles and strong STEM employment reduce near-term impact.

Rather than replacing workers, artificial intelligence is expected to create jobs through sector-specific applications. Development and deployment of these systems will require many trained professionals.

Human oversight will remain essential as issues such as AI hallucinations limit full automation of cognitive tasks. Productivity gains are expected to support, rather than eliminate, knowledge-based work.

India is positioning itself as a global contributor to applied artificial intelligence solutions. Indigenous AI models under development are expected to support jobs, innovation and long-term economic growth.

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Groq partners with Nvidia to expand inference technology

Groq has signed a non-exclusive licensing agreement with Nvidia to share its inference technology, aiming to make high-performance, cost-efficient AI processing more widely accessible.

Groq’s founder, Jonathan Ross, president Sunny Madra, and other team members will join Nvidia to help develop and scale the licensed technology. Despite the collaboration, Groq will remain an independent company, with Simon Edwards taking over as Chief Executive Officer.

Operations of GroqCloud will continue without interruption, ensuring ongoing services for existing customers. The agreement highlights a growing trend of partnerships in the AI sector, combining innovation with broader access to advanced processing capabilities.

The partnership could speed up AI inference adoption, offering companies more scalable and cost-effective options for deploying AI workloads. Analysts suggest such collaborations are likely to drive competition and innovation in the rapidly evolving AI hardware and software market.

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Santa Tracker services add new features on Christmas Eve

AI-powered tools are adding new features to long-running Santa Tracker services used by families on Christmas Eve. Platforms run by NORAD and Google allow users to follow Father Christmas’s journey through their Santa Tracker tools, which also introduce interactive and personalised digital experiences.

NORAD’s Santa Tracker, first launched in 1955, now features games, videos, music, and stories in addition to its live tracking map. This year, the service introduced AI-powered features that generate elf-style avatars, create toy ideas, and produce personalised holiday stories for families.

The Santa Tracker presents Santa’s journey on a 3D globe built using open-source mapping technology and satellite imagery. Users can also watch short videos on Santa Cam, featuring Santa travelling to destinations around the world.

Google’s rendition offers similar features, including a live map, estimated arrival times, and interactive activities available throughout December. Santa’s Village includes games, animations, and beginner-friendly coding activities designed for children.

Google Assistant introduces a voice-based experience to its service, enabling users to ask about Santa’s location or receive updates from the North Pole. Both platforms aim to blend tradition with digital tools to create a seamless and engaging holiday experience.

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AI tools help researchers explore how memory forms in the brain

Researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts are using AI and advanced visualisation tools to study how memories are formed in the human brain. Their work focuses on understanding how experiences produce lasting biological changes linked to long-term memory.

The project is led by Andre Fenton of New York University and Abhishek Kumar of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Using NVIDIA RTX GPUs and HP Z workstations, the team analyses large-scale brain imaging data with custom AI tools and the syGlass virtual reality platform.

Researchers centred on the hippocampus, a brain structure central to memory. Scientists are examining specific protein markers in neurons to reveal how memories are encoded, even though these markers represent only a small fraction of the brain’s overall protein landscape.

High-resolution 3D imaging previously created a major data bottleneck. AI-supported workflows now allow researchers to capture, inspect, and store terabytes of volumetric data, enabling more detailed analysis of brain cell structure and function.

Researchers say understanding memory at a molecular level could support earlier insights into neurological and psychiatric conditions. The tools are also being used for education, allowing students to explore brain data interactively while contributing to ongoing research.

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EU crypto tax reporting rules take effect in January

The European Union’s new tax-reporting directive for crypto assets, known as DAC8, takes effect on 1 January. The rules require crypto-asset service providers, including exchanges and brokers, to report detailed user and transaction data to national tax authorities.

DAC8 aims to close gaps in crypto tax reporting, giving authorities visibility over holdings and transfers similar to that of bank accounts and securities. Data collected under the directive will be shared across EU member states, enabling a more coordinated approach to enforcement.

Crypto firms have until 1 July to ensure full compliance, including implementing reporting systems, customer due diligence procedures, and internal controls. After that deadline, non-compliance may result in penalties under national law.

For users, DAC8 strengthens enforcement powers. Authorities can act on tax avoidance or evasion with support from counterparts in other EU countries, including seizing or embargoing crypto assets held abroad.

The directive operates alongside the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation, which focuses on licensing, customer protection, and market conduct, while DAC8 ensures the tax trail is monitored.

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