Sustainable development Archives | Digital Watch Observatory

Cambridge researchers test AI-designed vaccine in human trial

Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed an experimental vaccine using AI, marking what they describe as the first human test of a vaccine component designed entirely by AI. The experimental approach aims to provide broad protection against entire families of viruses, including coronaviruses with pandemic potential.

The AI system analysed genetic data from multiple coronaviruses and designed a ‘super-antigen’ intended to help the immune system recognise and respond to a broad range of viral variants, including those that may emerge through future mutations. An initial trial involving 39 volunteers focused primarily on safety, while a larger follow-up study is planned to evaluate immune responses and effectiveness in greater detail.

Researchers say the approach could help vaccine development keep pace with rapidly evolving threats, including influenza, emerging COVID-19 variants and viruses with the potential to spread from animals to humans. The team is also exploring similar AI-designed vaccines for influenza, bird flu, and Ebola-like viral haemorrhagic fevers, where current protection options remain limited.

Researchers describe the findings as an early but significant step towards using AI to accelerate vaccine design and strengthen preparedness for future disease outbreaks. The study highlights growing expectations that AI may become a central tool in global pandemic prevention strategies.

Why does it matter?

Traditional vaccine development often focuses on responding to specific pathogens after they emerge. By contrast, AI-assisted design could help researchers develop vaccines that provide protection against entire families of viruses before outbreaks occur.

If successful, the approach could shorten development timelines, improve preparedness for future pandemics and support efforts to address rapidly evolving infectious diseases. The research also highlights the growing role of AI in scientific discovery and biomedical innovation.

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UN warns of AI’s growing environmental footprint

As AI continues to reshape economies, industries and daily life, a new report from the United Nations University (UNU) highlights the environmental challenges associated with its rapid adoption. While discussions often focus on greenhouse gas emissions linked to AI systems, researchers argue that the technology’s impact on water resources, land use and electronic waste deserves equal attention.

According to the report, data centres supporting AI applications could consume up to 945 terawatt-hours of electricity annually by 2030. Beyond electricity demand, AI-related water consumption could reach levels equivalent to the annual household needs of 1.3 billion people, while the land footprint associated with AI infrastructure may exceed 14,500 square kilometres.

Researchers note that environmental pressures vary significantly depending on the technologies and energy sources used to power AI systems.

The UN report also finds that routine AI use, rather than model training alone, accounts for a significant share of resource consumption. Everyday activities such as generating images, videos and text require substantial computing power, with image generation demanding significantly more energy than basic text-based tasks. Growing adoption may further increase total resource consumption despite improvements in efficiency.

Researchers note that the environmental costs of AI infrastructure are often concentrated in specific regions, while the benefits of AI are distributed more broadly across the global economy. Expanding data centres, rising electricity demand, increasing water consumption and growing volumes of electronic waste could place additional pressure on communities and countries already facing resource constraints.

The report calls for responsible AI development supported by greater transparency, sustainable infrastructure planning, international cooperation and governance measures aimed at keeping technological progress within environmental limits.

Why does it matter?

Debates about AI sustainability often focus on carbon emissions, but the report argues that water consumption, land use and electronic waste are becoming equally important considerations as AI infrastructure expands. These impacts could become increasingly significant as governments and companies invest in larger data centres and more powerful AI systems.

The findings also highlight the need for environmental considerations to be integrated into AI governance and infrastructure planning. As AI adoption accelerates worldwide, policymakers face growing pressure to balance technological innovation with sustainability and resource management goals.

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Canada launches AI for All national strategy to accelerate adoption and digital sovereignty

Canada has launched AI for All, a new national AI strategy aimed at accelerating AI adoption, strengthening digital sovereignty, and positioning the country as a leading AI economy.

Announced by Prime Minister Mark Carney, the strategy combines proposed legislation, investments, and programmes intended to ensure AI is adopted responsibly and benefits businesses, workers, students, and communities across Canada.

The strategy targets an additional C$200 billion in economic growth, 250,000 new AI-related jobs over the next five years, and an increase in AI adoption from just over 12% today to 60% by 2034. The government also plans to provide up to 90,000 AI-related jobs and work placement opportunities for young Canadians.

The strategy is built around three principles: building trust, creating opportunities, and reinforcing Canadian sovereignty. To build trust, the government plans to modernise digital legislation, strengthen protections for personal information, address harms such as deepfakes and surveillance pricing, introduce an online safety regime, and expand the capabilities of the Canadian AI Safety Institute.

To create opportunities, the government will establish a National AI Literacy Initiative, provide access to trusted AI agents for post-secondary students, help small and medium-sized businesses adopt AI, support worker training, and launch an AI Missions Program with a flagship health mission focused on diagnostics, patient care, and system efficiency.

To reinforce sovereignty, Canada plans to build domestic AI foundations, including compute, cloud, connectivity, data, and talent. Measures include a world-leading public AI supercomputer, investments in sovereign compute and cloud infrastructure, better access to growth capital for Canadian AI companies, strategic public procurement, and expanded support for AI talent.

The government said the strategy is intended to ensure more AI value is created in Canada while strengthening privacy, data protection, public services, productivity, and economic security.

Why does it matter?

Canada’s AI for All strategy links AI adoption directly to economic growth, workforce development, public trust, and technological sovereignty. The strategy reflects a wider shift among governments: AI policy is no longer focused only on research excellence, but also on compute infrastructure, cloud sovereignty, data governance, safety institutions, business adoption, public procurement, and skills. Its success will depend on whether Canada can turn ambitious targets into measurable adoption across businesses, public services, and workers.

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European Commission unveils roadmap for AI and digitalisation in energy

The European Commission has published a Strategic Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in the Energy Sector, outlining how digital technologies could support a more resilient, competitive and secure European energy system.

The roadmap outlines how digital tools and AI could help consumers and businesses reduce energy costs through greater efficiency, smarter energy consumption and improved management of electricity demand. It also highlights the role of digital technologies in supporting the integration of renewable energy into electricity grids.

The Commission has structured the roadmap around three main priorities. These priorities include integrating data centres into energy systems in a sustainable manner, accelerating the deployment of digital and AI-enabled technologies such as smart meters and intelligent grid solutions, and establishing a framework for secure cross-border energy data sharing.

The Commission said the plan will also focus on cybersecurity, AI trust, digital skills and international cooperation. As part of the next phase, the Commission plans to support industry cooperation initiatives and launch the AI.grids community, which will focus on developing AI models for energy network management across the EU.

Why does it matter?

The energy sector is becoming increasingly dependent on digital technologies to manage growing electricity demand, integrate renewable energy sources and maintain grid stability. AI and advanced data analytics could help improve efficiency, reduce costs and support more flexible energy systems.

At the same time, greater digitalisation introduces new challenges related to cybersecurity, data governance and infrastructure resilience. The roadmap signals the EU’s intention to ensure that digital transformation in the energy sector supports both sustainability goals and long-term energy security.

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MIT develops ChartNet dataset to improve AI chart understanding

MIT researchers have developed a new dataset, ChartNet, to improve how vision-language models interpret charts and other graphical data.

The dataset is designed to help AI systems better combine visual, numerical, and linguistic information, a task that remains difficult even for advanced models. MIT said chart understanding is important for applications such as business trend analysis, financial reporting, and scientific figure interpretation.

ChartNet contains more than one million synthetic chart images, each paired with supporting code, numerical tables, textual descriptions, and question-and-answer pairs. The dataset was created through an automated pipeline that generates and augments chart examples, supported by quality checks to ensure that the code is executable and the resulting charts are accurate and clean.

The researchers developed ChartNet to address a key limitation in current AI systems: the lack of large, high-quality training data for robust chart interpretation. Many existing datasets rely on limited chart images collected from the internet and lack the supporting information needed for models to understand the underlying data.

MIT researchers used ChartNet to train several open-source vision-language models, including IBM’s Granite Vision series. The dataset improved model accuracy across chart reconstruction, chart data extraction, chart summarisation, and chart question answering.

In MIT’s testing, smaller open-source models trained with ChartNet consistently outperformed much larger commercial models on several chart-interpretation tasks. The researchers said the dataset could help smaller organisations use AI for analytical work without relying only on large proprietary systems.

Why does it matter?

ChartNet shows how better training data can improve AI performance in specialised analytical tasks. If smaller open-source models can interpret charts more accurately after training on high-quality datasets, organisations with limited budgets may gain access to stronger AI tools for business analytics, research, financial reporting, and scientific communication. The work also highlights a broader point in AI development: model capability depends not only on size, but also on the quality and structure of training data.

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Quantum research opens new paths for energy and computing

Researchers at the University of California, Riverside, have advanced understanding of how quantum wave functions behave in ultra-thin layered materials, a development that could eventually improve solar energy technologies and support future quantum computing systems.

The findings show that electric fields can be used to control the position and behaviour of quantum wave functions in materials only a few atoms thick. Experiments showed that wave functions can shift between layers or exist in multiple layers simultaneously through quantum superposition, affecting a material’s optical properties.

The researchers also drew parallels with natural systems such as photosynthesis, where quantum processes are believed to support highly efficient energy transfer. By studying similar mechanisms in engineered materials, scientists hope to improve control over energy conversion and transport, particularly in solar technologies where energy losses remain a major challenge.

Researchers are also exploring whether vibrations can be used to control quantum states, potentially enabling new types of ‘quantum vibronic switches’. The findings could have applications beyond energy systems, including quantum computing, sensing and photonic technologies.

Why does it matter?

The research highlights progress towards actively controlling quantum behaviour in engineered materials, an important step in the development of practical quantum technologies. Such control could enable more efficient energy systems and improve the performance of future quantum devices.

The findings also illustrate how insights from natural processes such as photosynthesis can inform the design of next-generation materials for computing, sensing and renewable energy applications.

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European Investment Bank backs Allegro for AI expansion

The European Investment Bank has agreed to provide Polish e-commerce platform Allegro with a PLN 1 billion loan to support research, development, and AI initiatives.

The financing marks the largest private-sector research and development programme backed by the EIB in Poland and is intended to support Europe’s digital competitiveness and digital sovereignty.

The funding will cover nearly 40% of Allegro’s planned expenditure on research, development, and innovation in the coming years. The company plans to expand its use of AI, improve customer services, develop next-generation delivery systems, and strengthen its digital marketplace.

The investment forms part of the EIB Group’s TechEU initiative, which aims to support investment in strategic technologies, including AI, clean technology, and quantum computing. Allegro said the financing will support work by software engineers, data scientists, and AI specialists, while helping the company develop new algorithms, models, and system architectures.

Allegro is one of Europe’s largest homegrown online marketplaces and controls about a third of the Polish market. It is also expanding in Czechia, Slovakia, and Hungary, giving small and medium-sized enterprises access to new customers across the region.

The EIB said planned investments in several technical centres in Poland would also support social and territorial cohesion in the EU.

Why does it matter?

The loan shows how EU-backed financing is being used to support AI adoption and digital innovation in European platform companies. For the EIB, the Allegro deal fits into a wider push to strengthen Europe’s digital and industrial competitiveness through investment in strategic technologies. For Central and Eastern Europe, it also supports regional digital infrastructure, technical skills, and marketplace innovation.

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UNESCO highlights ethical AI integration in South Asian higher education

AI is transforming higher education systems across South Asia, creating opportunities to improve teaching, learning, research, and institutional management, while also exposing challenges around policy readiness, educator capacity, digital infrastructure, and equitable access.

A regional policy dialogue held in Kathmandu on 20 May 2026, jointly organised by UNESCO Kathmandu, Tribhuvan University, the Asian Development Bank, and UNESCO-ICHEI, highlighted the need for coordinated strategies to guide AI integration in higher education.

Key priorities include strengthening policies and strategies for AI use, investing in teacher professional development, improving collaboration between universities and industry, and better understanding the implications of generative AI for higher education and technical and vocational education and training.

The discussions also focused on inclusion, particularly the gender divide in AI. UNESCO said one of the most significant forms of AI bias in South Asia affects girls and women, underscoring the need for their participation in AI-related education and workplaces to build an inclusive AI ecosystem.

The launch of the IIOE Nepal National Centre at Tribhuvan University reflects the growing need for sustained national capacity-building mechanisms to support higher education institutions in adapting to digital transformation.

The dialogue also reinforced the importance of evidence-based policymaking, following the release of the Report on Digital Transformation in Higher Education in South Asia. UNESCO said such knowledge can help governments and universities move beyond experimentation towards more coherent and future-oriented strategies for AI integration.

Why does it matter?

AI integration in higher education is becoming a structural policy issue, not only a classroom technology question. UNESCO’s regional dialogue points to the risk that unequal digital infrastructure, weak institutional capacity, limited AI literacy, and gender gaps could deepen existing inequalities if clear policies, ethical safeguards, and investment in educators do not guide AI adoption.

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EU consultation closes on AI energy measurement

The European Commission has moved forward with work on measuring the energy consumption and emissions of AI models and systems, as part of preparations for a possible AI energy measurement framework under the EU AI Act.

The targeted consultation forms part of a Commission-procured study on measuring and promoting energy-efficient and low-emission AI in the European Union. Responses will help refine the study, contribute to a measurement framework for the AI Act’s energy-related objectives and support the design of a potential AI energy and emissions label.

The process focuses on how to measure energy use across the AI lifecycle, including development and training, as well as operational use and inference. The Commission says a comprehensive picture of AI’s energy efficiency and carbon footprint requires data on computational resources, electricity consumption and hardware details.

Under Annex XI of the AI Act, providers of general-purpose AI models must document known or estimated energy consumption as part of their technical documentation obligations. The consultation, therefore, targets developers and deployers of general-purpose AI models and AI systems, as well as component and service suppliers.

Stakeholders were asked about the accessibility of data needed to assess AI energy consumption and emissions, as well as the suitability of different AI performance indicators. The Commission said the aim is to develop a robust and practical industry-informed framework for measuring AI energy consumption and efficiency.

The AI Office will publish a summary of the consultation results based on aggregated data, with respondents not directly quoted.

Why does it matter?

AI’s growing energy demand is becoming a regulatory and environmental policy concern, especially as general-purpose AI models require substantial computing resources for training and inference. A common EU framework for measuring AI energy use and emissions could make environmental impacts more visible, support future transparency obligations and help compare systems more consistently. A possible AI energy and emissions label would also push sustainability into AI governance alongside safety, transparency and accountability.

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World Bank highlights ‘Small AI’ for farmers and rural communities

According to Hindustan Times, World Bank President Ajay Banga highlighted the potential of ‘Small AI’ systems to support farmers and rural communities through locally deployed and lower-cost technologies.

Examples discussed included farmers in India using mobile phones to share images of diseased crops and receive agricultural advice remotely. Banga also referred to healthcare workers in Indonesia using basic internet connections to access local diagnostic support systems in remote areas.

At the summit, entrepreneur Saurav Mukherjee said AI adoption was expanding into sectors including agriculture and food production. Mukherjee said AI tools may support agricultural decision-making through analysis of seed quality and environmental conditions such as soil, weather, and water availability.

He also noted that wider internet connectivity and 5G access could support wider AI adoption in underserved regions. However, he cautioned that shortages of skilled workers could limit implementation capacity in some regions.

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