The rise of quantum computing is sparking fresh concerns over the long-term security of Bitcoin. Unlike classical systems, quantum machines could eventually break the cryptography protecting digital assets.
Experts warn that Shor’s algorithm, once run on a sufficiently powerful quantum computer, could recover private keys from public ones in hours, leaving exposed funds vulnerable. Analysts see the mid-to-late 2030s as the key period for cryptographically relevant breakthroughs.
ChatGPT-5’s probability model indicates less than a 5% chance of Bitcoin being cracked before 2030, but risk rises to 45–60% between 2035 and 2039, and nearly certainty by 2050. Sudden progress in large-scale, fault-tolerant qubits or government directives could accelerate the timeline.
Mitigation strategies include avoiding key reuse, auditing exposed addresses, and gradually shifting to post-quantum or hybrid cryptographic solutions. Experts suggest that critical migrations should be completed by the mid-2030s to secure the Bitcoin network against future quantum threats.
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The selection means Google will work with DARPA’s technical experts, who will be independent validators for its quantum computing roadmap. The evaluation aims to provide rigorous third-party benchmarking, a critical capability for the broader quantum industry.
DARPA’s QBI is not only about validation. It aims to compare different quantum technologies, superconducting qubits, photonic systems, trapped ions and other modalities under shared metrics.
Google’s involvement underscores its ongoing mission to build quantum infrastructure capable of addressing problems such as new medicine design, energy innovation and machine-learning optimisation.
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The European Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen, delivered her 2025 State of the Union address to the European Parliament in Strasbourg. The speech set out priorities for the coming year and was framed by growing geopolitical tensions and the push for a more self-reliant Europe.
Von der Leyen highlighted that global dynamics have shifted.
‘Battlelines for a new world order based on power are being drawn right now, ’ she said.
In this context, Europe must take a more assertive role in defending its own security and advancing the technologies that will underpin its economic future. The President characterised this moment as a turning point for European independence.
Digital policy appeared less prominently than expected in the address. Von der Leyen often referred to ‘technology sovereignty’ to encompass not only digital technologies, but also other types of technologies necessary for the green transition and to achieve energetic autonomy. In spite of that, some specific references to digital policy are worth highlighting.
Europe’s right to regulate. Von der Leyen defended Europe’s right to set its own standards and regulations. The assertion came right after her defence of the US-EU trade deal, making it a direct response to the mounting pressure and tariff threats from the US President Donald Trump’s administration.
Regulatory simplification. A specific regulatory package (omnibus) on digital was promised, under inspiration from the Draghi report on EU competitiveness.
Investment in digital technology. Startups in key areas, such as quantum and AI, could receive particular attention, in order to enhance the availability of European capital and strengthen European sovereignty in these areas. According to her, the Commission ‘will partner with private investors on a multi-billion euro Scaleup Europe Fund’. No concrete figures were provided, however.
Artificial intelligence as key to European independence. In order to support this sector, von der Leyen highlighted the importance of some initiatives, such as the Cloud and AI Development Act, and the European AI Gigafactories. She praised the commitment of CEOs from some leading European companies to invest in digital in the recently launched AI and Tech Declaration.
Mainstreaming information integrity. According to von der Leyen, Europe’s democracy is under attack, with the rise of information manipulation and disinformation. She proposed to create a new European Centre for Democratic Resilience, which will bring together all the expertise and capacity across member states and neighbouring countries. A new Media Resilience Programme aimed at supporting independent journalism and media literacy was also announced.
Limits to the use of social media by young people. The President of the Commission raised concerns about the impact of social media on children’s mental health and safety. She committed to convening a panel of experts to consider restrictions for social media access, referencing efforts that have been put in place in Australia.
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Quantum computers could become more efficient with a new quantum router that directs data more quickly within machines. Researchers at Stanford have built the component, which could eventually form the backbone of quantum random access memory (QRAM).
The router utilises superconducting qubits, controlled by electromagnetic pulses, to transmit information to quantum addresses. Unlike classical routers, it can encode addresses in superposition, allowing data to be stored in two places simultaneously.
In tests with three qubits, the router achieved a fidelity of around 95%. If integrated into QRAM, it could unlock new algorithms by placing information into quantum states where locations remain indeterminate.
Experts say the advance could benefit areas such as quantum machine learning and database searches. It may also support future ideas, such as quantum IP addresses, although more reliable designs with larger qubit counts are still required.
The Stanford team acknowledges the device needs refinement to reduce errors. But with further development, the quantum router could be a vital step toward practical QRAM and more powerful quantum computing applications.
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Stablecoins have become central to the digital economy, with billions in daily transactions and stronger regulatory backing under the GENIUS Act. Yet experts warn that advances in quantum computing could undermine their very foundations.
Elliptic curve and RSA cryptography, widely used in stablecoin systems, are expected to be breakable once ‘Q-Day’ arrives. Quantum-equipped attackers could instantly derive private keys from public addresses, exposing entire networks to theft.
The immutability of blockchains makes upgrading cryptographic schemes especially challenging. Dormant wallets and legacy addresses may prove vulnerable, putting billions of dollars at risk if issuers fail to take action promptly.
Researchers highlight lattice-based and hash-based algorithms as viable ‘quantum-safe’ alternatives. Stablecoins built with crypto-agility, enabling seamless upgrades, will better adapt to new standards and avoid disruptive forks.
Regulators are also moving. NIST is finalising post-quantum cryptographic standards, and new rules will likely be established before 2030. Stablecoins that embed resilience today may set the global benchmark for digital trust in the quantum age.
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The United States, Japan, and South Korea held two Trilateral Quantum Cooperation meetings this week in Seoul and Tokyo. Officials and experts from government and industry gathered to discuss securing quantum ecosystems against cyber, physical, and intellectual property threats.
The US State Department stressed that joint efforts will ensure breakthroughs in quantum computing benefit citizens while safeguarding innovation. Officials said cooperation is essential as quantum technologies could reshape industries, global power balances, and economic prosperity.
The President of South Korea, Lee Jae Myung, described the partnership as entering a ‘golden era’, noting that Seoul, Washington, and Tokyo must work together both to address North Korea and to drive technological progress.
The talks come as Paul Dabbar, the former CEO of Bohr Quantum Technology, begins his role as US Deputy Secretary of Commerce. Dabbar brings experience in deploying emerging quantum network technologies to the new trilateral framework.
North Korea has also signalled interest in quantum computing for economic development. Analysts note that quantum’s lower energy demand compared to supercomputers could appeal to a country plagued by chronic power shortages.
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For decades, quantum mechanics has powered tools like semiconductors, GPS and fibre optics, a foundation often described as Quantum 1.0. The UN has declared 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology to mark its impact.
Researchers are now advancing Quantum 2.0, which manipulates atoms, ions and photons to exploit superposition and entanglement. Emerging tools include quantum encryption systems, distributed atomic clocks to secure networks against GPS failures, and sensing devices with unprecedented precision.
Experts warn that disruptions to satellite navigation could cost billions, but quantum clocks may keep economies and critical infrastructure synchronised. With quantum computing and AI developing in parallel, future breakthroughs could transform medicine, energy, and security.
Achieving this vision will require global collaboration across governments, academia and industry to scale up technologies, ensure supply chain resilience and secure international standards.
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Quantum computers may soon grow more powerful through 3D printing, with researchers building miniaturised ion traps to improve scalability and performance.
Ion traps, which confine ions and control their quantum states, play a central role in ion-based qubits. Researchers at UC Berkeley created 3D-printed traps just a few hundred microns wide, which captured ions up to ten times more efficiently than conventional versions.
The new traps also reduced waiting times, allowing ions to be usable more quickly once the system is activated. Hartmut Häffner, who led the study, said the approach could enable scaling to far larger numbers of qubits while boosting speed.
3D printing offers flexibility not possible with chip-style manufacturing, allowing for more complex shapes and designs. Team members say they are already working on new iterations, with future versions expected to integrate optical components such as miniaturised lasers.
Experts argue that this method could address the challenges of low yield, high costs, and poor reproducibility in current ion-trap manufacturing, paving the way for scalable quantum computing and applications in other fields, including mass spectrometry.
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A new partnership between the federal government and New Mexico’s state and local businesses aims to establish the state as a leader in quantum computing.
The initiative will see the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) working alongside local researchers and companies to develop and commercialise next-generation technology. A total of up to $120 million could be invested in the project over four years.
New Mexico’s selection for the project is due to its long history of innovation, its two national defence labs, and a high concentration of leading scientists in the field.
The goal is to harness the ‘brainpower’ of the state to build computers that can solve currently impossible problems, such as developing materials that resist corrosion or finding cures for diseases. One of the project’s aims is to test the technology and differentiate between genuine breakthroughs and mere hype.
Roadrunner Venture Studios will be assisting in developing new quantum computing businesses within the state. A successful venture would bring economic gains and jobs and position New Mexico to lead the nation in solving some of its most pressing challenges.
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IBM has announced plans to develop next-generation computing architectures by integrating quantum computers with high-performance computing, a concept it calls quantum-centric supercomputing.
The company is working with AMD to build scalable, open-source platforms that combine IBM’s quantum expertise with AMD’s strength in HPC and AI accelerators. The aim is to move beyond the limits of traditional computing and explore solutions to problems that classical systems cannot address alone.
Quantum computing uses qubits governed by quantum mechanics, offering a far richer computational space than binary bits. In a hybrid model, quantum machines could simulate atoms and molecules, while supercomputers powered by CPUs, GPUs, and AI manage large-scale data analysis.
Arvind Krishna, IBM’s CEO, said the approach represents a new way of simulating the natural world. AMD’s Lisa Su described high-performance computing as foundational to tackling global challenges, noting the partnership could accelerate discovery and innovation.
An initial demonstration is planned for later this year, showing IBM quantum computers working with AMD technologies. Both companies say open-source ecosystems like Qiskit will be crucial to building new algorithms and advancing fault-tolerant quantum systems.
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