Economic Archives | Page 475 of 710 | Digital Watch Observatory

Tether partners with Guinea to boost blockchain adoption

Tether has signed an agreement with the government of Guinea to support economic growth and digital transformation through blockchain and peer-to-peer technology. The memorandum of understanding focuses on education, innovation, and sustainable technology, with Tether aiming to promote blockchain adoption in both public and private sectors. The partnership may also involve the City of Science and Innovation in Guinea.

Paolo Ardoino, CEO of Tether, stated that the initiative reflects the company’s commitment to helping nations build strong digital economies. He emphasised that blockchain solutions could play a key role in Guinea’s technological development, paving the way for economic progress.

Tether has been actively expanding its global presence through similar partnerships. It recently relocated its headquarters to El Salvador, the first country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender, and has also collaborated with governments and organisations in Switzerland, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and Georgia. Additionally, the company has launched educational programmes in several countries to encourage broader blockchain adoption.

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Vietnam opens door for Starlink to launch satellite service

Viet nam is set to adopt new regulations allowing Elon Musk’s Starlink to offer satellite internet services in the country, granting it full control over its local subsidiary. This decision follows prolonged negotiations between Vietnam and SpaceX and marks a shift in Vietnam’s policy towards foreign investment in satellite internet services. The move is seen as a diplomatic gesture towards SpaceX, which could help alleviate tensions amid concerns over potential tariffs from US President Donald Trump.

The new rules, set to be approved by Vietnam’s parliament, will allow foreign companies with low-orbit satellite networks to operate under a pilot scheme until 2030. SpaceX’s efforts to enter Vietnam had previously been stalled in late 2023 due to a ban on foreign control, a requirement for Musk’s involvement. The new regulations are part of broader efforts by the Vietnamese government to remove obstacles in technological and scientific activities.

With plans for a $1.5 billion investment in Vietnam, SpaceX has been expanding its supplier network in the country. If Starlink attracts significant local subscribers, it could help reduce the growing trade surplus Vietnam has with the US, which reached a record $123.5 billion last year. As US tariffs continue to threaten Vietnam’s export-driven economy, the government is also seeking ways to balance trade by increasing imports from the US, including agricultural products.

The shift in Vietnam’s stance reflects a desire to play a more flexible role in international trade relations, especially as tensions between the US and its trade partners escalate under Trump’s administration. The outcome of this policy change could have significant implications for both Starlink’s expansion and Vietnam’s relationship with the US.

For more information on these topics, visit diplomacy.edu.

EU regulator proposes new rules for crypto staff competence

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has proposed new guidelines to ensure crypto asset service providers meet strict competence and knowledge standards under the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA). The regulator is seeking public feedback on the requirements, which aim to improve investor protection and strengthen trust in crypto markets.

Under the proposal, staff at crypto firms must demonstrate a clear understanding of blockchain technology, market operations, pricing mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks. The guidelines also recommend minimum qualifications, previous experience, and continuous professional development to ensure staff remain well-informed. Companies would be required to review staff competence annually, supervise unqualified employees, and keep detailed records of training and qualifications.

The consultation remains open until 22 April, with final guidelines expected in the third quarter of the year. Meanwhile, major crypto exchanges such as OKX, Crypto.com, and Bybit are working towards compliance with MiCA regulations to secure their operations in Europe.

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OpenAI weighs governance changes to block takeover

OpenAI is considering granting special voting rights to its non-profit board as part of new governance measures aimed at protecting the power of its directors amid a potential takeover bid from Elon Musk. The company’s CEO Sam Altman and board members are reportedly evaluating the move as OpenAI transitions to a for-profit structure. This would allow the non-profit board to retain control over key decisions, potentially blocking hostile takeovers, including Musk’s recent $97.4 billion acquisition offer.

The proposal comes after Musk’s consortium attempted to acquire OpenAI, with the company rejecting the offer, stating that it is not for sale and dismissing future bids. Musk’s bid appears to be driven by concerns over OpenAI’s shift toward profitability, as the company seeks to secure more funding to remain competitive in the AI sector. The special voting rights would give the non-profit board the ability to overrule major investors such as Microsoft and SoftBank, ensuring that OpenAI’s leadership retains influence over key decisions.

This move reflects OpenAI’s efforts to maintain control over its future direction while fending off external pressures from investors and potential acquirers. No final decision has been made yet, but the proposal is seen as a key strategy to safeguard the company’s independence as it navigates the evolving AI landscape.

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Germany’s Central Bank chief rejects Bitcoin as a reserve asset

Germany’s central bank chief, Joachim Nagel, has reinforced his scepticism towards Bitcoin, dismissing it as unsuitable for central bank reserves. Speaking at an event hosted by the London School of Economics, Nagel argued that Bitcoin is not a genuine currency but rather an asset class lacking liquidity and security. He also criticised the pro-crypto stance of former US President Donald Trump, particularly proposals to establish a strategic Bitcoin reserve. Comparing Bitcoin to the Dutch Tulip Mania of the 17th century, he warned of its speculative nature and volatility.

In contrast, Nagel is a strong advocate for the digital euro, highlighting its potential to strengthen Europe’s financial sovereignty. He cautioned that reliance on private sector payment solutions, particularly from US firms, could expose Europe to geopolitical risks. While the long-term effects of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) on interest rates remain uncertain, he emphasised their importance in ensuring a resilient financial system.

Meanwhile, the US is shifting its regulatory approach to cryptocurrency. Under Acting SEC Chair Mark Uyeda, new policies have allowed banks to re-enter the crypto custody sector. The SEC recently replaced its restrictive guidance, paving the way for regulated financial institutions to hold digital assets. As these developments unfold, Bitcoin is currently trading at $96,318, marking a slight decline over the past week.

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Taiwanese companies eye expansion in Texas

Taiwanese electronics companies are preparing to increase investments in Texas, with major announcements expected in May, coinciding with President Donald Trump’s first 100 days in office. Richard Lee, head of the Taiwan Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers’ Association, revealed that several large Taiwanese companies, particularly those in the AI server industry, are looking to expand their operations in Texas. This follows proactive efforts by Texas’ Republican-led government to attract Taiwanese investment.

The move comes as Trump has criticised Taiwan for its semiconductor business and threatened tariffs on trade partners with significant trade deficits, potentially targeting Taiwan. Last week, Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te pledged to invest more in the US, adding to the momentum. Companies like Foxconn, Compal, and Inventec, which already have operations in Texas, are expected to announce further expansions, particularly to accommodate the growing demand for AI-related technologies.

Foxconn, which manufactures products for major tech companies like Apple and Nvidia, has already made a $33 million investment in land and factory buildings in Texas. With the demand for AI servers rising, Taiwanese manufacturers are eyeing Texas as a strategic location to meet the growing market needs. However, neither Foxconn nor Compal has yet provided specific details on their plans.

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Elon Musk’s xAI unveils Grok-3, taking on AI giants

Elon Musk’s AI startup, xAI, has unveiled its latest AI model, Grok-3, which the billionaire claims is the most advanced chatbot technology. In a live-streamed presentation, Musk and his engineers demonstrated how Grok-3 outperforms competitors, including OpenAI’s GPT-4o and Google’s Gemini, across math, science, and coding benchmarks. With over ten times the computational power of its predecessor, Grok-3 completed pre-training in early January and is now continuously evolving, Musk said, promising visible improvements within just 24 hours.

A key innovation introduced with Grok-3 is DeepSearch, an advanced reasoning chatbot designed to enhance search capabilities by providing transparent explanations of how it processes queries. The feature allows users to engage in research, brainstorming, and data analysis more deeply and clearly. The model is being rolled out immediately to X’s Premium+ subscribers, with an upcoming SuperGrok subscription planned for mobile and web platforms.

The launch marks another escalation in the rivalry between Musk’s xAI and OpenAI, the company he co-founded but later distanced himself from. Musk has been openly critical of OpenAI’s shift toward a for-profit model and recently filed lawsuits against the organisation, accusing it of betraying its founding principles. His bid to acquire OpenAI’s nonprofit arm for $97.4 billion was rejected last week, with OpenAI’s CEO, Sam Altman, dismissing the offer as an attempt to hinder the company’s progress.

Why does it matter?

The AI sector is experiencing an unprecedented investment boom, with xAI reportedly seeking to raise $10 billion in new funding, potentially pushing its valuation to $75 billion. Meanwhile, OpenAI is in talks to raise as much as $40 billion, which could boost its valuation to an astonishing $300 billion. These soaring numbers highlight the capital-intensive nature of AI development, with global tech giants and investment groups pouring billions into the race to dominate AI.

However, new challenges are emerging. Last month, Chinese AI firm DeepSeek introduced R1, an open-source model that matched or surpassed leading American AI systems on key industry benchmarks. The company claims it developed R1 at a fraction of the cost incurred by its US counterparts, suggesting that the dominance of firms like OpenAI and xAI could face disruption from more cost-efficient alternatives shortly.

Indian music industry joins lawsuit against OpenAI

Several of India’s leading Bollywood music labels, including T-Series, Saregama, and Sony, seek to join a lawsuit against OpenAI in New Delhi. They are concerned that the company’s AI models may have used their sound recordings without permission, potentially violating copyright laws. The legal action follows a previous lawsuit filed by Indian news agency ANI, which accused OpenAI’s ChatGPT of using content without authorisation to train its models. The music labels argue that this issue has significant implications for the global music industry.

The music companies, which represent major Indian and international music acts, claim that OpenAI’s AI systems could extract lyrics, compositions, and sound recordings from the internet without consent. T-Series, known for releasing thousands of songs annually, and Saregama, which holds a vast catalogue of iconic Indian music, are leading the charge. The Indian Music Industry (IMI), which also represents global labels like Sony Music and Warner Music, is pushing for the case to be heard in court, as the outcome could impact the future use of copyrighted content in AI training.

OpenAI, backed by Microsoft, argues that it adheres to fair-use principles by using publicly available data to build its AI models. However, the company is facing increasing legal pressure from multiple sectors worldwide, including recent lawsuits in Germany, where GEMA accused OpenAI of unlicensed use of song lyrics. OpenAI has opposed the Indian lawsuit, claiming that Indian courts do not have jurisdiction over the matter, given the company’s US base.

The next court hearing, which could shape the future of AI and copyright law in India, is scheduled for 21 February. This legal battle is gaining attention, particularly as OpenAI’s chief, Sam Altman, recently visited India to discuss the country’s plans for developing low-cost AI technology.

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CEX.IO launches spot trading for UK customers

CEX.IO has expanded its services in the United Kingdom, launching spot trading for UK-based customers. The move provides local users with access to over 100 cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, top altcoins, and popular meme coins such as Dogecoin and PEPE. The new feature brings UK customers in line with CEX.IO’s offerings for European Union users.

The addition of spot trading aims to improve liquidity in the UK market, allowing traders to execute transactions without significantly impacting prices. This will lead to a more cost-effective and healthier trading environment, according to Rich Evans, managing director of CEX.IO in the UK.

The launch follows the exchange’s reentry into the UK market in September 2024 after a brief exit due to regulatory pressures. CEX.IO had paused its operations in October 2023 while complying with new regulations set by UK authorities. The introduction of spot trading further demonstrates CEX.IO’s commitment to adhering to the Financial Conduct Authority’s anti-money laundering standards.

The expansion of services in the UK comes as exchanges across Europe work to meet evolving regulatory requirements, such as the Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation, which allows providers to offer services across EU jurisdictions once approved.

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Study warns of AI’s role in fueling bank runs

A new study from the UK has raised concerns about the risks of bank runs fueled by AI-generated fake news spread on social media. The research, published by Say No to Disinfo and Fenimore Harper, highlights how generative AI can create false stories or memes suggesting that bank deposits are at risk, leading to panic withdrawals. The study found that a significant portion of UK bank customers would consider moving their money after seeing such disinformation, especially with the speed at which funds can be transferred through online banking.

The issue is gaining traction globally, with regulators and banks worried about the growing role of AI in spreading malicious content. Following the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank in 2023, which saw $42 billion in withdrawals within a day, financial institutions are increasingly focused on detecting disinformation that could trigger similar crises. The study estimates that a small investment in social media ads promoting fake content could cause millions in deposit withdrawals.

The report calls for banks to enhance their monitoring systems, integrating social media tracking with withdrawal monitoring to better identify when disinformation is impacting customer behaviour. Revolut, a UK fintech, has already implemented real-time monitoring for emerging threats, urging financial institutions to be prepared for potential risks. While banks remain optimistic about AI’s potential, the financial stability challenges it poses are still a growing concern for regulators.

As financial institutions work to mitigate AI-related risks, the broader industry is also grappling with how to balance the benefits of AI with the threats it may pose. UK Finance, the industry body, emphasised that banks are making efforts to manage these risks, while regulators continue to monitor the situation closely.

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