Critical internet resources

IGF 2025 opens in Norway with focus on inclusive digital governance

Norway will host the 20th annual Internet Governance Forum (IGF) from 23 to 27 June 2025 in a hybrid format, with the main venue set at Nova Spektrum in Lillestrøm, just outside Oslo.

This milestone event marks two decades of the UN-backed forum that brings together diverse stakeholders to discuss how the internet should be governed for the benefit of all.

The overarching theme, Building Governance Together, strongly emphasises inclusivity, democratic values, and sustainable digital cooperation.

With participation expected from governments, the private sector, civil society, academia, and international organisations, IGF 2025 will continue to promote multistakeholder dialogue on critical topics, including digital trust, cybersecurity, AI, and internet access.

A key feature will be the IGF Village, where companies and organisations will showcase technologies and products aligned with global internet development and governance.

Norway’s Minister of Digitalisation and Public Governance, Karianne Oldernes Tung, underlined the significance of this gathering in light of current geopolitical tensions and the forthcoming WSIS+20 review later in 2025.

Reaffirming Norway’s support for the renewal of the IGF mandate at the UN General Assembly, Minister Tung called for unity and collaborative action to uphold an open, secure, and inclusive internet. The forum aims to assess progress and help shape the next era of digital policy.

Track all key moments from the Internet Governance Forum 2025 on our dedicated IGF page.

Denmark moves to replace Microsoft software as part of digital sovereignty strategy

Prior to the Danish government’s formal decision, the cities of Copenhagen and Aarhus had already announced plans to reduce reliance on Microsoft software and cloud services. The national government has now followed suit.

Caroline Stage, Denmark’s Minister of Digitalisation, confirmed that the government will begin transitioning from Microsoft Office to the open-source alternative, LibreOffice. The decision aligns with broader European Union efforts to enhance digital sovereignty—a concept referring to the ability of states to maintain control over their digital infrastructure, data, and technologies.

EU member states have increasingly prioritised digital sovereignty in response to a range of concerns, including security, economic resilience, regulatory control, and the geopolitical implications of dependency on non-European technology providers.

Among the considerations are questions about data governance, operational autonomy, and the risks associated with potential service disruptions in times of political tension. For example, reports following US sanctions against the International Criminal Court (ICC) suggest that Microsoft temporarily restricted access to email services for the ICC’s Chief Prosecutor, Karim Khan, highlighting the potential vulnerabilities linked to foreign service providers.

Denmark’s move is part of a wider trend within the EU aimed at diversifying digital service providers and strengthening domestic or European alternatives. LibreOffice is developed by The Document Foundation (TDF), an independent, non-profit organisation based in Germany.

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RIPE NCC and Czech regulator partner to strengthen internet coordination

The RIPE NCC and the Czech Telecommunication Office (CTU) have signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen cooperation in internet coordination and share technical expertise within the Czech Republic. The partnership focuses on training internet operators, collaborating on network measurements, and managing internet number resources.

It is part of a broader initiative by RIPE NCC to establish similar agreements with national regulators in countries like Georgia and Saudi Arabia, reflecting their commitment to closer regional cooperation. The Czech Republic is strategically positioned in European internet infrastructure, hosting several major data centres and internet exchange points (IXPs).

By facilitating collaboration between public and private sectors, the MoU aims to ensure that internet policies are developed with broad input and expertise. The CTU benefits from access to valuable data and technical knowledge that support national digital policy objectives.

Additionally, in a region where geopolitical tensions may affect internet infrastructure, this agreement promotes transparency and cooperation that help stabilise internet operations and build stakeholder trust. Overall, the RIPE NCC continues to evolve as a key technical partner in digital policy discussions across Europe and beyond.

The agreement highlights the need for close cooperation between technical bodies and regulators as digital infrastructure grows more complex, emphasising multistakeholder governance to improve stability and efficiency in Central and Eastern Europe.

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OQC outlines bold 50,000 qubit quantum computing vision

Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC) has revealed plans to develop a 50,000 qubit fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2034, using its proprietary ‘Dimon’ superconducting transmon technology.

Achieving such scale would require millions of physical qubits but promises to outperform global rivals, including Google and IBM, with real-world applications ranging from cyber threat detection to drug discovery.

The roadmap includes a significant push to reduce error rates and optimise chip materials, with recent breakthroughs enabling error detection at the hardware level. OQC claims it achieves a 99.8% gate fidelity in just 25 nanoseconds and a tenfold improvement in qubit efficiency compared to competitors.

Interim CEO Gerald Mullally said the roadmap marks a turning point, calling on finance and national security organisations to prepare for a quantum-driven future.

Now seeking $100 million in Series B funding, the firm plans to install its first quantum system in New York, later this year.

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How AI could quietly sabotage critical software

When Google’s Jules AI agent added a new feature to a live codebase in under ten minutes, it initially seemed like a breakthrough. But the same capabilities that allow AI tools to scan, modify, and deploy code rapidly also introduce new, troubling possibilities—particularly in the hands of malicious actors.

Experts are now voicing concern over the risks posed by hostile agents deploying AI tools with coding capabilities. If weaponised by rogue states or cybercriminals, the tools could be used to quietly embed harmful code into public or private repositories, potentially affecting millions of lines of critical software.

Even a single unnoticed line among hundreds of thousands could trigger back doors, logic bombs, or data leaks. The risk lies in how AI can slip past human vigilance.

From modifying update mechanisms to exfiltrating sensitive data or weakening cryptographic routines, the threat is both technical and psychological.

Developers must catch every mistake; an AI only needs to succeed once. As such tools become more advanced and publicly available, the conversation around safeguards, oversight, and secure-by-design principles is becoming urgent.

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Thailand advances satellite rules

The Thai National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) has recently proposed a draft regulation titled ‘Criteria for Authorisation to Use Frequency Bands for Land, Aeronautical, and Maritime Earth Stations in FSS Services’. The regulation specifically targets the operation of Earth Stations in Motion (ESIMs), which include land-based stations on vehicles, aeronautical stations on aircraft, and maritime stations on ships and offshore platforms.

It defines dedicated frequency bands for both geostationary (GSO) and non-geostationary (NGSO) satellites, aligning closely with international best practices and recommendations from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The primary objective of this draft is to streamline the process for using specific radio frequencies by removing the need for individual frequency allocation for each ESIM deployment.

That approach aims to simplify and accelerate the rollout of high-speed satellite internet services for mobile users across various sectors, thus promoting innovation and economic development by facilitating faster and broader adoption of advanced satellite communications. Overall, the NBTC’s initiative underscores the critical importance for regulators worldwide to continually update their spectrum management frameworks.

Why does it matter?

In a rapidly evolving technological landscape, outdated or rigid regulations can obstruct innovation and economic growth. Effective spectrum management must strike a balance between preventing harmful interference and supporting the deployment of cutting-edge communication technologies like satellite-based internet services.

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Chad aims to strengthen digital independence through regional connectivity reforms

Chadian authorities have unveiled a set of strategic policies aimed at strengthening the country’s digital infrastructure and reducing its dependence on Cameroon for international internet connectivity. Central to these reforms is the establishment of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) in major cities to enhance local traffic handling and reduce latency.

Additionally, the government plans to create redundant international links with neighbouring countries such as Libya, Algeria, and Nigeria. These policies are designed to diversify connectivity routes, bolster digital resilience, and support Chad’s long-term goal of achieving greater digital sovereignty.

These initiatives come in response to persistent vulnerabilities in the country’s current connectivity framework. Chad, being landlocked, lacks direct access to submarine cables and relies heavily on a single route through Cameroon.

The dependence has led to frequent service disruptions, including a major 24-hour outage in October and a recent suspension of connectivity due to unpaid dues. The country also faces challenges such as uneven fibre optic coverage, high access costs, and limited interconnection between networks, all of which have negatively impacted the quality and reliability of internet services.

By pursuing these reforms, Chadian authorities aim not only to stabilise and modernise the national digital infrastructure but also to integrate more effectively into regional projects like the Trans-Saharan Optical Fibre Backbone, which includes Algeria and Nigeria.

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Buterin proposes RISC-V to improve Ethereum’s speed

Vitalik Buterin has suggested replacing Ethereum’s Virtual Machine (EVM) with RISC-V to simplify the network and improve its performance. In a 3 May blog post, he stated that Ethereum could become as simple as Bitcoin within five years.

RISC-V is an open-source instruction set that would allow Ethereum to run faster. By cutting out extra translation steps, it could make operations up to 100 times quicker. Unlike the EVM, RISC-V would allow applications to work directly on the execution layer.

Buterin also believes the switch to RISC-V would reduce infrastructure costs and minimise risks, like bugs and security breaches. However, the change could break backwards compatibility and require retraining developers.

Despite these challenges, some experts are optimistic. Thad Pinakiewicz from Galaxy Research says Ethereum’s success lies in its foundational technology, not just its price.

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Fibocom’s AI mobile hotspot promises faster, smarter connectivity

Fibocom has launched its new 5G AI Mobile Hotspot Solution, combining next-generation 5G connectivity with advanced AI-driven voice interaction.

The intelligent mobile hotspot, powered by Fibocom’s customised AI app, supports multilingual voice control, real-time document retrieval, and an AI translation engine covering more than 20 languages with up to 95% accuracy, making it an ideal tool for international communication and travel.

The solution is built on Qualcomm’s QCM4490 platform, featuring an 8-core 4nm CPU with speeds up to 2.4GHz. It supports dual SIM standby, USB 3.1, Ethernet, and boasts 15W fast and reverse charging capabilities.

Fully compliant with 3GPP Release 16, the device achieves downlink speeds up to 2.33Gbps on Sub-6GHz bands and supports Android and Linux operating systems, external cameras, and 1080P displays for broad application use.

Significantly, the mobile hotspot integrates Qualcomm’s next-generation Wi-Fi 7 chipset, offering concurrent dual-band modes and speeds up to BE5800.

Ralph Zhao, Vice President of Fibocom’s MC Product Management Department, said the launch transforms mobile hotspots into intelligent companions, driving forward the integration of 5G, AI, and edge computing technologies.

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India seeks tech parity and trade concessions in US pact talks

India is preparing to urge the United States to ease export controls and grant it access to critical technologies under the proposed bilateral trade agreement. India is aiming for treatment similar to that received by key US allies such as Australia, the UK, and Japan.

Sectors including telecom equipment, biotechnology, AI, pharmaceuticals, quantum computing, and semiconductors are expected to be part of India’s demands, sources said.

Alongside tech access, India plans to request duty concessions for its labour-intensive industries. Key sectors like textiles, gems and jewellery, leather goods, garments, plastics, chemicals, shrimp, oil seeds, grapes, and bananas are high on India’s agenda for reduced tariffs.

These sectors are seen as vital to boosting India’s exports and supporting its domestic workforce. The United States, in return, is seeking tariff reductions for its exports of industrial goods, electric vehicles, wines, petrochemical products, dairy items, and agricultural produce such as apples and tree nuts.

Both sides are aiming to strike a mutually beneficial deal, although balancing these competing priorities could present a major challenge in the negotiations.

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