Lawmakers in Virginia are preparing fresh efforts to regulate AI as concerns grow over its influence on minors and vulnerable users.
Legislators will return in January with a set of proposals focused on limiting the capabilities of chatbots, curbing deepfakes and restricting automated ticket-buying systems. The push follows a series of failed attempts last year to define high-risk AI systems and expand protections for consumers.
Delegate Michelle Maldonado aims to introduce measures that restrict what conversational agents can say in therapeutic interactions instead of allowing them to mimic emotional support.
Her plans follow the well-publicised case of a sixteen-year-old who discussed suicidal thoughts with a chatbot before taking his own life. She argues that young people rely heavily on these tools and need stronger safeguards that recognise dangerous language and redirect users towards human help.
Maldonado will also revive a previous bill on high-risk AI, refining it to address particular sectors rather than broad categories.
Delegate Cliff Hayes is preparing legislation to require labels for synthetic media and to block AI systems from buying event tickets in bulk instead of letting automated tools distort prices.
Hayes already secured a law preventing predictions from AI tools from being the sole basis for criminal justice decisions. He warns that the technology has advanced too quickly for policy to remain passive and urges a balance between innovation and protection.
Proposals that come as the state continues to evaluate its regulatory environment under an executive order issued by Governor Glenn Youngkin.
The order directs AI systems to scan the state code for unnecessary or conflicting rules, encouraging streamlined governance instead of strict statutory frameworks. Observers argue that human oversight remains essential as legislators search for common ground on how far to extend regulatory control.
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Yesterday, Australia entered a new phase of its online safety framework after the introduction of the Social Media Minimum Age policy.
eSafety has established a new Parent Advisory Group to support families as the country transitions to enhanced safeguards for young people. The group held its first meeting, with the Commissioner underlining the need for practical and accessible guidance for carers.
The initiative brings together twelve organisations representing a broad cross-section of communities in Australia, including First Nations families, culturally diverse groups, parents of children with disability and households in regional areas.
Their role is to help eSafety refine its approach, so parents can navigate social platforms with greater confidence, rather than feeling unsupported during rapid regulatory change.
A group that will advise on parent engagement, offer evidence-informed insights and test updated resources such as the redeveloped Online Safety Parent Guide.
Their advice will aim to ensure materials remain relevant, inclusive and able to reach priority communities that often miss out on official communications.
Members will serve voluntarily until June 2026 and will work with eSafety to improve distribution networks and strengthen the national conversation on digital literacy. Their collective expertise is expected to shape guidance that reflects real family experiences instead of abstract policy expectations.
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The Swiss Federal Council has approved significant updates to the Ordinance on the International Automatic Exchange of Information in Tax Matters. The new rules are set to take effect across Switzerland on 1 January 2026, assuming no referendum intervenes.
The revisions expand Switzerland’s international exchange of financial account information, updating the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) and introducing the new Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF).
Crypto service providers in Switzerland will now have reporting, due diligence, and registration obligations under the AEOI Ordinance, although these provisions will not apply until at least 2027.
The updated Ordinance also extends CRS rules to Swiss associations and foundations while excluding certain accounts if specific conditions are met. Transitional measures aim to facilitate the implementation of the amended CRS and CARF by affected parties more smoothly.
Deliberations on partner states for Switzerland’s crypto data exchange have been paused by the National Council’s Economic Affairs and Taxation Committee. The CARF will become law in Switzerland in 2026, but full implementation is delayed, keeping crypto-asset rules inactive for the first year.
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A new UCLA Health study finds that AI-powered scribe tools can reduce physicians’ documentation time and may improve work satisfaction. Conducted across 14 specialities and 72,000 patient visits, the trial tested Microsoft DAX and Nabla in real-world clinical settings.
Physicians using Nabla reduced the time spent writing each note by almost 10% compared with usual care, saving around 41 seconds per note. Both AI tools modestly improved burnout, cognitive workload, and work exhaustion, but physician oversight remains essential.
The trial highlighted several limitations, including occasional inaccuracies in AI-generated notes and a single instance of mild patient safety concern. Physicians found the tools easy to use and noted an improvement in patient engagement, with most patients being receptive.
The findings provide timely evidence as healthcare systems increasingly adopt AI scribes. Researchers emphasise that rigorous evaluation is necessary to ensure patient safety and effectiveness, and that further long-term studies across multiple institutions are recommended.
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HP plans to cut between 4,000 and 6,000 jobs worldwide by fiscal 2028 as it restructures operations and expands its use of AI across product development and support services.
CEO Enrique Lores said the cuts will hit development, operations and support teams, with the plan aiming to save $1 billion over three years. The company already shed up to 2,000 roles in February under an earlier restructuring plan.
AI-enabled PCs now make up over 30% of HP’s shipments in Q4 ending 31 October, driving strong demand. However, analysts at Morgan Stanley warned that rising memory chip prices fuelled by AI data centre expansion could increase costs for consumer electronics makers.
Lores noted that HP expects the impact to be felt from the second half of fiscal 2026, though existing inventory should cover the first half.
HP projected fiscal 2026 adjusted earnings of $2.90–$3.20 per share, below expectations, with first-quarter profits also falling short of forecasts. Fourth-quarter revenue reached $14.64 billion, slightly ahead of forecasts.
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Growing numbers of online users are turning to AI chatbots to verify suspicious images, yet many tools are failing to detect fakes they created themselves. AFP found several cases in Asia where AI systems labelled fabricated photos as authentic, including a viral image of former Philippine lawmaker Elizaldy Co.
The failures highlight a lack of genuine visual analysis in current models. Many models are primarily trained on language patterns, resulting to inconsistent decisions even when dealing with images generated by the same generative systems.
Investigations also uncovered similar misidentifications during unrest in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, where AI models wrongly validated synthetic protest images. A Columbia University review reinforced the trend, with seven leading systems unable to verify any of the ten authentic news photos.
Specialists argue that AI may assist professional fact-checkers but cannot replace them. They emphasise that human verification remains essential as AI-generated content becomes increasingly lifelike and continues to circulate widely across social media platforms.
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A legal case is underway involving OpenAI and the family of a teenager who had extensive interactions with ChatGPT before his death.
OpenAI has filed a response in court that refers to its terms of use and provides additional material for review. The filing also states that more complete records were submitted under seal so the court can assess the situation in full.
The family’s complaint includes concerns about the model’s behaviour and the company’s choices, while OpenAI’s filing outlines its view of the events and the safeguards it has in place. Both sides present different interpretations of the same interactions, which the court will evaluate.
OpenAI has also released a public statement describing its general approach to sensitive cases and the ongoing development of safety features intended to guide users towards appropriate support.
The case has drawn interest because it relates to broader questions about safety measures within conversational AI systems.
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Two teenagers in Australia have taken the federal government to the High Court in an effort to stop the country’s under-16 social media ban, which is due to begin on 10 December. The case was filed by the Digital Freedom Project with two 15-year-olds, Noah Jones and Macy Neyland, listed as plaintiffs. The group says the law strips young people of their implied constitutional right to political communication.
The ban will lead to the deactivation of more than one million accounts held by users under 16 across platforms such as YouTube, TikTok, Snapchat, Twitch, Facebook and Instagram. The Digital Freedom Project argues that removing young people from these platforms blocks them from engaging in public debate. Neyland said the rules silence teens who want to share their views on issues that affect them.
The Digital Freedom Project’s president, John Ruddick, is a Libertarian Party politician in New South Wales. After the lawsuit became public, Communications Minister Anika Wells told Parliament the government would not shift its position in the face of legal threats. She said the government’s priority is supporting parents rather than platform operators.
The law, passed in November 2024, is supported by most Australians according to polling. The government says research links heavy social media use among young teens to bullying, misinformation and harmful body-image content.
Companies that fail to comply with the ban risk penalties of up to A$49.5 million. Lawmakers and tech firms abroad are watching how the rollout unfolds, as Australia’s approach is among the toughest efforts globally to restrict minors’ access to social platforms.
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Multiple London councils are responding to a cyberattack that has disrupted shared IT systems and raised concerns about data exposure. Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster councils detected the incident on Monday and alerted the Information Commissioner’s Office as investigations began.
The councils say they are working with specialist incident teams and the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) to protect systems and keep key services running. Several platforms have been affected, and staff have been redeployed to support residents through monitored phone lines and email channels.
Hammersmith and Fulham, which shares IT services with the affected councils, has also reported disruption. Local leaders say it is too early to confirm who was responsible or whether personal data has been compromised. Overnight mitigation work has been carried out as monitoring continues.
Security researchers describe indications of a serious intrusion involving lateral movement across shared infrastructure. They warn that attackers may escalate to data theft or encryption, given the sensitivity of the information held by local authorities.
National security agencies and police are assessing the incident’s potential impact. Analysts say the attack highlights long-standing risks facing councils that manage extensive services on limited budgets and with inconsistent cyber safeguards.
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The internet has become part of almost everything we do. It helps us work, stay in touch with friends and family, buy things, plan trips, and handle tasks that would have felt impossible until recently. Most people cannot imagine getting through the day without it.
But there is a hidden cost to all this convenience. Most of the time, online services run smoothly, with countless systems working together in the background. But every now and then, though, a key cog slips out of place.
When that happens, the effects can spread fast, taking down apps, websites, and even entire industries within minutes. These moments remind us how much we rely on digital services, and how quickly everything can unravel when something goes wrong. It raises an uncomfortable question. Is digital dependence worth the convenience, or are we building a house of cards that could collapse, pulling us back into reality?
Warning shots of the dot-com Era and the infancy of Cloud services
In its early years, the internet saw several major malfunctions that disrupted key online services. Incidents like the Morris worm in 1988, which crashed about 10 percent of all internet-connected systems, and the 1996 AOL outage that left six million users offline, revealed how unprepared the early infrastructure was for growing digital demand.
A decade later, the weaknesses were still clear. In 2007, Skype, then with over 270 million users, went down for nearly two days after a surge in logins triggered by a Windows update overwhelmed its network. Since video calls were still in their early days, the impact was not as severe, and most users simply waited it out, postponing chats with friends and family until the issue was fixed.
As the dot-com era faded and the 2010s began, the shift to cloud computing introduced a new kind of fragility. When Amazon’s EC2 and EBS systems in the US-East region went down in 2011, the outage took down services like Reddit, Quora, and IMDb for days, exposing how quickly failures in shared infrastructure can cascade.
A year later, GoDaddy’s DNS failure took millions of websites offline, while large-scale Gmail disruptions affected users around the world, early signs that the cloud’s growing influence came with increasingly high stakes.
By the mid-2010s, it was clear that the internet had evolved from a patchwork of standalone services to a heavily interconnected ecosystem. When cloud or DNS providers stumbled, their failures rippled simultaneously across countless platforms. The move to centralised infrastructure made development faster and more accessible, but it also marked the beginning of an era where a single glitch could shake the entire web.
Centralised infrastructure and the age of cascading failures
The late 2000s and early 2010s saw a rapid rise in internet use, with nearly 2 billion people worldwide online. As access grew, more businesses moved into the digital space, offering e-commerce, social platforms, and new forms of online entertainment to a quickly expanding audience.
With so much activity shifting online, the foundation beneath these services became increasingly important, and increasingly centralised, setting the stage for outages that could ripple far beyond a single website or app.
The next major hit came in 2016, when a massive DDoS attack crippled major websites across the USA and Europe. Platforms like Netflix, Reddit, Twitter, and CNN were suddenly unreachable, not because they were directly targeted, but because Dyn, a major DNS provider, had been overwhelmed.
The attack used the Mirai botnet malware to hijack hundreds of thousands of insecure IoT devices and flood Dyn’s servers with traffic. It was one of the clearest demonstrations yet that knocking out a single infrastructure provider could take down major parts of the internet in one stroke.
In 2017, another major outage occurred, with Amazon at the centre once again. On 28 February, the company’s Simple Storage Service (S3) went down for about 4 hours, disrupting access across a large part of the US-EAST-1 region. While investigating a slowdown in the billing system, an Amazon engineer accidentally entered a typo in a command, taking more servers offline than intended.
That small error was enough to knock out services like Slack, Quora, Coursera, Expedia and countless other websites that relied on S3 for storage or media delivery. The financial impact was substantial; S&P 500 companies alone were estimated to have lost roughly 150 million dollars during the outage.
Amazon quickly published a clear explanation and apology, but transparency could not undo the economic damage nor (yet another) sudden reminder that a single mistake in a centralised system could ripple across the entire web.
Outages in the roaring 2020s
The S3 incident made one thing clear. Outages were no longer just about a single platform going dark. As more services leaned on shared infrastructure, even small missteps could take down enormous parts of the internet. And this fragility did not stop at cloud storage.
Over the next few years, attention shifted to another layer of the online ecosystem: content delivery networks and edge providers that most people had never heard of but that nearly every website depended on.
The 2020s opened with one of the most memorable outages to date. On 4 October 2021, Facebook and its sister platforms, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Messenger, vanished from the internet for nearly 7 hours after a faulty BGP configuration effectively removed the company’s services from the global routing table.
Millions of users flocked to other platforms to vent their frustration, overwhelming Twitter, Telegram, Discord, and Signal’s servers and causing performance issues across the board. It was a rare moment when a single company’s outage sent measurable shockwaves across the entire social media ecosystem.
But what happens when outages hit industries far more essential than social media? In 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration was forced to delay more than 10,000 flights, the first nationwide grounding of air traffic since the aftermath of September 11.
A corrupted database file brought the agency’s Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM) system to a standstill, leaving pilots without critical safety updates and forcing the entire aviation network to pause. The incident sent airline stocks dipping and dealt another blow to public confidence, showing just how disruptive a single technical failure can be when it strikes at the heart of critical infrastructure.
Outages that defined 2025
The year 2025 saw an unprecedented wave of outages, with server overloads, software glitches and coding errors disrupting services across the globe. The Microsoft 365 suite outage in January, the Southwest Airlines and FAA synchronisation failure in April, and the Meta messaging blackout in July all stood out for their scale and impact.
But the most disruptive failures were still to come. In October, Amazon Web Services suffered a major outage in its US-East-1 region, knocking out everything from social apps to banking services and reminding the world that a fault in a single cloud region can ripple across thousands of platforms.
Just weeks later, the Cloudflare November outage became the defining digital breakdown of the year. A logic bug inside its bot management system triggered a cascading collapse that took down social networks, AI tools, gaming platforms, transit systems and countless everyday websites in minutes. It was the clearest sign yet that when core infrastructure falters, the impact is immediate, global and largely unavoidable.
And yet, we continue to place more weight on these shared foundations, trusting they will hold because they usually do. Every outage, whether caused by a typo, a corrupted file, or a misconfigured update, exposes how quickly things can fall apart when one key piece gives way.
Going forward, resilience needs to matter as much as innovation. That means reducing single points of failure, improving transparency, and designing systems that can fail without dragging everything down. The more clearly we see the fragility of the digital ecosystem, the better equipped we are to strengthen it.
Outages will keep happening, and no amount of engineering can promise perfect uptime. But acknowledging the cracks is the first step toward reinforcing what we’ve built — and making sure the next slipped cog does not bring the whole machine to a stop.
The smoke and mirrors of the digital infrastructure
The internet is far from destined to collapse, but resilience can no longer be an afterthought. Redundancy, decentralisation and smarter oversight need to be part of the discussion, not just for engineers, but for policymakers as well.
Outages do not just interrupt our routines. They reveal the systems we have quietly built our lives around. Each failure shows how deeply intertwined our digital world has become, and how fast everything can stop when a single piece gives way.
Will we learn enough from each one to build a digital ecosystem that can absorb the next shock instead of amplifying it? Only time will tell.
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