Competition regulation Archives | Digital Watch Observatory

EU Market Integration Package prompts feedback from Circle

Circle has submitted feedback to the European Commission on its proposed Market Integration Package, aiming to strengthen capital markets integration and supervision across the EU.

The response praises digital finance reforms while recommending refinements to support institutional adoption and liquidity growth. Key recommendations include reforming the DLT Pilot Regime with adaptive thresholds, a clear path to permanent legislation, and accelerated updates.

Circle also calls for broader use of MiCA-compliant e-money tokens (EMTs) in securities settlement, ensuring alignment with the CSD Regulation and considering non-EU-issued stablecoins for cross-border interoperability.

The company urges careful calibration of centralised supervision under the European Securities and Markets Authority, focusing on systemic crypto firms and reducing administrative complexity for smaller providers.

Legal certainty regarding the use of EMTs as collateral is also highlighted, enabling the EU markets to remain competitive globally.

Circle emphasises the potential of clear and proportionate regulation to bridge traditional finance with on-chain infrastructure. The company positions regulated stablecoins like USDC and EURC as key tools for modernising Europe’s capital markets and unlocking new efficiency and liquidity.

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AI investment reshapes euro area markets and financial systems

Philip R. Lane, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, highlighted in his speech at the ECB-SAFE-RCEA International Conference on the Climate-Macro-Finance Interface (3CMFI) that € area firms with high AI intensity have experienced stronger revenue growth, operating margins, and earnings per share.

The advantage narrows when financial institutions are excluded, and internal funding remains essential, as well-capitalised firms are more likely to adopt AI while smaller firms face investment barriers.

European venture capital and private credit are growing but remain far below US levels, limiting start-up scaling and prompting some to relocate abroad.

Banks are embracing AI extensively, particularly for fraud detection, marketing, chatbots, and credit scoring. Proprietary tools are mostly developed in-house, while specialised external providers support cybersecurity and regulatory reporting.

AI boosts operational efficiency, risk assessment, and credit pricing, yet concentration in a few frontier firms and rising reliance on market-based finance introduce potential financial risks.

Lane noted that monetary policy implications are uncertain, as AI may enhance productivity and incomes differently depending on whether it is labour- or capital-augmenting.

High capital expenditure and increased energy demand during AI adoption could add inflationary pressure, while global concentration of AI activity in the US and China may limit domestic investment, influencing the € area’s natural rate of interest.

The European Central Bank is systematically integrating AI into its analytical and operational environment. Machine-learning tools support forecasting, scenario analysis, and extraction of signals from alternative data, while workflow automation and agentic AI enhance efficiency and reduce manual workload.

The ECB’s digitalisation programme aims to scale AI across business processes, ensuring technology complements expert judgement while maintaining reliability, traceability, and accountability.

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Licence revocations hit unregistered crypto firms in Canada

Canada has increased crypto oversight, revoking registrations for nearly three dozen firms due to compliance failures. The move follows investigative reporting that uncovered widespread irregularities in the sector.

The Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada removed 23 companies in one week, adding to previous actions against about a dozen other crypto firms.

Officials described the shift as part of a broader effort to address risks tied to virtual currencies, including fraud and money laundering.

Findings from the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists’ investigation highlighted clusters of crypto businesses operating without proper registration, particularly in Toronto.

Many of these services reportedly focused on converting digital assets into cash, raising concerns about gaps in oversight and compliance with anti-money laundering rules.

Authorities also flagged suspicious transaction patterns, including activity linked to wallets allegedly associated with Iran-backed groups. While regulators have promised further action, analysts warn that delayed enforcement and structural weaknesses may continue to expose the system to illicit financial flows.

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Tokenised assets set to transform European capital markets

Piero Cipollone, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at an event on ‘Building Europe’s integrated digital asset ecosystem: from vision to implementation,’ highlighted Europe’s progress in tokenised financial markets.

Since 2021, European issuers have placed nearly €4 billion in DLT-based fixed-income instruments, including the first digital sovereign debt by EU Member States. Eurosystem trials in 2024 processed €1.6 billion in transactions, showing strong demand for central bank money settlement in digital markets.

Tokenisation enables the full lifecycle of transactions on distributed ledgers, often automated through smart contracts.

Fragmentation across DLT platforms and the absence of a widely accepted on-chain settlement asset are holding back market expansion. Private assets, including stablecoins, carry volatility and credit risks, making a central bank money anchor crucial.

The Pontes platform, launching in Q3 2026, is expected to provide secure settlement across DLT platforms and TARGET services, supporting features like smart contracts and 24/7 operation.

The Appia roadmap outlines a longer-term vision for an integrated European tokenised ecosystem by 2028, covering technical standards, interoperability, collateral management, and cross-border connectivity.

Collaboration between the public and private sectors is critical. Feedback from 64 industry participants shaped Pontes, while Appia engages stakeholders to establish standards and ensure interoperability.

Harmonised legal frameworks are equally important to reduce post-trade fragmentation and support seamless asset transfers across EU Member States. Without coordinated laws, tokenised markets risk inefficiency despite advanced technology.

Europe is building momentum but faces intense global competition. Secure settlement, stakeholder collaboration, and legal harmonisation could make the EU a leader in digital finance with a single tokenised market.

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US releases national AI policy framework

The Trump Administration unveiled a national AI framework to boost competitiveness, security, and benefits for Americans. The plan seeks to ensure that AI innovation supports all citizens while maintaining public trust in the technology.

Six key objectives form the foundation of the policy. These include protecting children online, empowering parents with tools to manage digital safety, strengthening communities and small businesses, respecting intellectual property, defending free speech, and fostering innovation.

The framework also prioritises workforce development to prepare Americans for AI-driven job opportunities.

Federal uniformity is considered critical to the plan’s success. The Administration warns that a patchwork of state regulations could stifle innovation and reduce the United States’ ability to lead globally.

Congress is encouraged to collaborate closely to implement the framework nationwide.

The Administration emphasises that the United States must lead the AI race, ensuring the benefits of AI reach all Americans while addressing challenges such as privacy, security, and equitable access to opportunities.

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EU lawmakers call for faster enforcement of digital competition rules

Members of the European Parliament are calling for more rapid progress in implementing the bloc’s digital competition framework, with particular focus on the Digital Markets Act.

In a recent resolution, lawmakers urged the European Commission to ensure timely and effective enforcement of the rules designed to regulate large online platforms. The legislation aims to address concerns around market dominance and promote fair competition across the digital economy.

The discussions reflect ongoing concerns that delays in enforcement could undermine the framework’s effectiveness, particularly as major technology companies continue to expand their influence. Platforms such as Google, Apple and Meta are among those expected to comply with the new obligations.

At the same time, policymakers are balancing regulatory oversight with the need to maintain innovation and competitiveness. The debate forms part of a broader effort in the EU to strengthen digital governance and reinforce the region’s position in global technology markets.

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EU scrutiny intensifies over Broadcom VMware licensing dispute

Broadcom is facing increased regulatory pressure in the EU following a formal antitrust complaint concerning changes to VMware licensing practices.

The complaint highlights growing tensions between large technology providers and European cloud infrastructure firms.

The filing, submitted by Cloud Infrastructure Services Providers in Europe, raises concerns that revised licensing models could significantly alter market dynamics.

European providers argue that the changes may limit flexibility, increase costs, and affect their ability to compete effectively in the cloud services sector.

At the centre of the dispute lies the broader issue of market concentration and control over critical digital infrastructure.

Industry stakeholders suggest that restrictive licensing conditions could reshape access to essential virtualisation technologies, which underpin a wide range of cloud and enterprise services across the EU.

Regulatory attention is expected to focus on whether such practices align with the EU competition rules, particularly regarding fair access and market neutrality.

The case emerges at a time when European policymakers are intensifying oversight of dominant technology firms and seeking to strengthen digital sovereignty across strategic sectors.

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EU advances AI simplification effort ahead of further negotiations

A committee within the European Parliament has approved a proposal to simplify aspects of AI regulation, marking a step forward in efforts to refine the implementation of the AI Act.

An initiative that seeks to adjust certain requirements to support clearer compliance, particularly for industry stakeholders.

The proposal focuses on technical and procedural elements linked to how AI rules are applied in practice.

Lawmakers aim to ensure that regulatory obligations remain proportionate while maintaining existing safeguards. Part of the discussion includes how specific categories of AI systems should be addressed within the broader framework.

Some elements of the proposal may require further discussion in upcoming negotiations with the Council of the European Union. Areas under consideration include the treatment of sensitive AI applications and the balance between regulatory clarity and enforcement effectiveness.

The development reflects ongoing efforts within the EU to refine its approach to AI governance. As discussions continue, policymakers are expected to assess how adjustments can support innovation while maintaining consistency with existing legal principles.

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Meta’s metaverse collapses as Horizon Worlds shuts down on Quest

Meta will shut down Horizon Worlds on its Quest headsets, ending its flagship virtual reality (VR) platform and marking a clear retreat from its metaverse ambitions. The app will be removed from the Quest store on 31 March and discontinued in VR by 15 June, continuing only as a mobile service.

Horizon Worlds, launched in 2021, was central to Meta’s rebranding from Facebook and its vision of a fully immersive virtual environment. Despite billions in investment and high-profile partnerships, the platform failed to attract a large user base and struggled with design limitations and weak engagement.

Reality Labs, the division behind the metaverse push, has accumulated nearly $80 billion in losses since 2020, including more than $6 billion in a single quarter. Recent layoffs affecting around 10 percent of the VR workforce, along with the shutdown of related projects, underscore a broader pullback.

Competition and shifting priorities have accelerated the decline. Rival platforms such as VRChat maintained stronger communities, while Meta increasingly redirected resources toward AI and hardware, including its Ray-Ban smart glasses.

Although Meta says it remains committed to VR, the closure of Horizon Worlds signals a strategic reset. The company is repositioning its future around AI-driven products, marking a decisive shift away from its earlier metaverse vision.

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Google responds to UK digital market rules and CMA proposals

Debate over proposed UK digital market rules is intensifying, with Google outlining its position and emphasising the need to balance competition with user experience and platform integrity. The company said it supports the objectives of the Competition and Markets Authority but warned that some proposals could introduce risks for users.

G o ogle argued that maintaining fair and relevant search results remains a priority, stating that its ranking systems are designed to prioritise quality rather than favour its own services. It cautioned that certain third-party proposals could expose its systems to manipulation, potentially weakening protections against spam and reducing the pace of product improvements.

The company also addressed user choice on Android devices, noting that existing options already allow users to select preferred services. It suggested that adding frequent mandatory choice screens could disrupt user experience, proposing instead a permanent settings-based option to change defaults without repeated prompts.

Regarding publisher relations, Google highlighted efforts to increase control over how content is used, particularly with generative AI features such as AI Overviews. It said new tools are being developed to allow publishers to opt out of specific AI functionalities while maintaining visibility in search results.

Google said it would continue engaging with UK regulators to shape rules that support users, publishers, and businesses, while ensuring that innovation and service quality are not compromised.

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