Capacity development

Innovation and inclusion drive IGF talks on Global Digital Compact

The discussion at the Internet Governance Forum 2024 in Riyadh on implementing the Global Digital Compact (GDC) delved into the challenges and opportunities surrounding digital transformation, emphasising the need for inclusive and locally grounded strategies. Speakers from UN agencies, governments, and civil society stressed the importance of addressing the worldwide multifaceted digital divides.

An audience member underscored this point, urging attention not only to infrastructural gaps but also to divides in policy, gender, age, and rural-urban access: ‘We’re not just talking about digital divides; we must look at the digital policy divides, digital gender divides, digital rural and urban divides, and digital age divides.’

The discussion also highlighted the need for local action to make global initiatives effective. Olaf Kolkman of the Internet Society captured this sentiment, stating, ‘Think global with the GDC, but really, the action has to be local.’ That approach was echoed by other panellists, who called for integrating GDC implementation with established frameworks such as the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).

Cynthia Lesufi from South Africa’s Mission to the UN emphasised aligning the GDC with WSIS+20 to streamline efforts, while Henriette from the Alliance for Progressive Communications advocated for leveraging the review process to assess progress and set future directions.

Capacity development and governance of emerging technologies also emerged as central themes. Robert Opp, Chief Digital Officer of UNDP, stressed the importance of skills development and creating frameworks for technologies like AI and data governance.

Isabel De Sola from the Office of the Tech Envoy added that promoting content diversity in digital spaces is crucial. As noted by Cynthia Lesufi, public-private partnerships are essential to achieving these goals, particularly in bridging the digital divides in the Global South.

Why does it matter?

Despite the progress, significant challenges remain, such as reaching marginalised communities, balancing global initiatives with local needs, and measuring the success of digital transformation. However, the discussion concluded on a hopeful note, emphasising the need to combine global coherence with grassroots efforts. As Kolkman put it, the path forward is ensuring that ‘global frameworks translate into meaningful local action.’

All transcripts from the Internet Governance Forum sessions can be found on dig.watch.

Global connectivity takes centre stage at the IGF 2024 in Riyadh

The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 2024 day first in Riyadh opened with one of the key sessions titled ‘Global Access, Global Progress: Managing the Challenges of Global Digital Adoption’, bringing together prominent panellists from government, private sectors, and civil society to address one of the world’s most pressing issues—bridging the digital divide. Moderated by Timea Suto, Global Digital Policy Lead at the International Chamber of Commerce, the session explored the need for universal internet connectivity, its life-changing impact, and the challenges of ensuring meaningful participation in the digital age.

Gbenga Sesan, Executive Director at Paradigm Initiative, highlighted the transformative power of connectivity with inspiring stories. ‘Connectivity is not just a privilege; it can mean life or death,’ he emphasised, sharing the success of individuals in underserved communities who leveraged digital access to escape poverty and access vital healthcare. Thelma Quaye of Smart Africa echoed his sentiment, stressing that affordability remains a significant barrier, particularly in Africa, where only 40% are connected despite wide mobile coverage. ‘Governments must invest in infrastructure to reach the last mile,’ she urged, citing the need for public-private partnerships and relevant content that empowers users economically.

The discussion expanded to community-driven solutions, with Sally Wentworth, President of the Internet Society, showcasing the successes of locally managed networks. She highlighted a project in Tanzania that trained thousands in digital skills, demonstrating the potential of bottom-up connectivity.

Japan’s Vice Minister, Dr Takuo Imagawa, shared Japan’s achievements in near-universal broadband coverage, pointing to combining government subsidies and competitive policies as a scalable model. Emerging technologies like AI were discussed as necessary tools to reduce the digital divide, but speakers cautioned that they must remain inclusive and address societal needs.

On the economic front, Shivnath Thukral, VP for Public Policy at Meta India, highlighted open-source AI technologies as solutions for education, agriculture, and linguistic inclusion. ‘AI can bridge both the connectivity and knowledge gaps, delivering localised, affordable solutions at scale,’ he said. Meanwhile, Tami Bhaumik of Roblox underscored the importance of digital literacy and safety, particularly for young users. ‘Technology is powerful, but education is key to ensuring people use it responsibly,’ she noted, advocating for collaboration between governments, tech companies, and educators.

Why does it matter?

The panellists expressed clearly that global digital adoption requires cooperation across sectors, inclusive policymaking, and a focus on empowering local communities. As stakeholders debated solutions, one message emerged clearly: connectivity alone is not enough. For the digital world to deliver real progress, investments in skills, affordability, and digital literacy must go hand-in-hand with technological innovation. That’s why IGF remains a vital platform to unite diverse perspectives and drive actionable solutions to bridge the digital divide.

All transcripts from the Internet Governance Forum sessions can be found on dig.watch.

Apple to replace Broadcom chips with in-house designs for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

Apple plans to introduce its own chips for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi in devices starting in 2025, phasing out components currently supplied by Broadcom. The custom chip, code-named Proxima, has been in development for years and will debut in iPhones and smart home devices. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company will handle production.

The shift aligns with Apple‘s broader strategy to reduce reliance on third-party suppliers. Alongside Proxima, Apple is also developing cellular modem chips to replace Qualcomm components, with plans to integrate both systems in the future.

In parallel, Apple is working on a server chip, internally called Baltra, to support AI processing. This move highlights the company’s efforts to reduce dependence on Nvidia‘s costly processors, which remain in high demand for AI applications.

IGF 2024 panel tackles global digital identity challenges

The 19th Internet Governance Forum (IGF 2024) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, brought together a distinguished panel to address global challenges and opportunities in developing trusted digital identity systems. Moderated by Shivani Thapa, the session featured insights from Bandar Al-Mashari, Emma Theofelus, Siim Sikkut, Sangbo Kim, Kurt Lindqvist, and other notable speakers.

The discussion focused on building frameworks for trusted digital identities, emphasising their role as critical infrastructure for digital transformation. Bandar Al-Mashari, Saudi Arabia’s Assistant Minister of Interior for Technology Affairs, highlighted the Kingdom’s innovative efforts, while Namibia’s Minister of Information, Emma Theofelus, stressed the importance of inclusivity and addressing regional needs.

The panellists examined the balance between enhanced security and privacy protection. Siim Sikkut, Managing Partner of Digital Nations, underscored the value of independent oversight and core principles to maintain trust. Emerging technologies like blockchain, biometrics, and artificial intelligence were recognised for their potential impact, though caution was urged against uncritical adoption.

Barriers to international cooperation, including the digital divide, infrastructure gaps, and the complexity of global systems, were addressed. Sangbo Kim of the World Bank shared insights on fostering collaboration across regions, while Kurt Lindqvist, CEO of ICANN, highlighted the need for a shared vision in navigating differing national priorities.

Speakers advocated for a phased approach to implementation, allowing countries to progress at their own pace while drawing lessons from successful initiatives, such as those in international travel and telecommunications. The call for collaboration was echoed by Prince Bandar bin Abdullah Al-Mishari, who emphasised Saudi Arabia’s commitment to advancing global solutions.

The discussion concluded on an optimistic note. Fatma, briefly mentioned as a participant, contributed to a shared vision of digital identity as a tool for accelerating inclusion and fostering global trust. The panellists agreed that a unified approach, guided by innovation and respect for privacy, is vital to building secure and effective digital identity systems worldwide.

All transcripts from the Internet Governance Forum sessions can be found on dig.watch.

Starlink and Qatar’s Ministry of Labor to strengthen workforce development

Starlink and Qatar’s Ministry of Labor have partnered to empower the Qatari workforce, aligning with Qatar’s National Vision 2030 to build a skilled and sustainable labour market. Through this collaboration, Starlink is launching four key initiatives: Bright STARS, a six-month customer care training program; Stellar Stars, a 12-month employment opportunity; Future Stars, an internship program addressing 2025 recruitment needs; and ALL Stars, a diversity and inclusion initiative for Qatari individuals with additional needs.

These programs aim to enhance employability, provide hands-on training, and foster career growth for Qatari nationals and children of Qatari mothers. Additionally, Starlink will collaborate with KAWADER and ISTAMAR programs to ensure job opportunities are widely accessible, supporting the Ministry of Labor’s mission to create inclusive and structured career pathways.

Starlink and Qatar’s Ministry of Labor are committed to advancing nationalisation and strengthening Qatar’s workforce. That partnership reflects Starlink’s dedication to corporate responsibility, aligning its goals with Qatar’s economic vision.

By providing valuable opportunities for local talent, Starlink fulfils regulatory requirements and contributes to innovation, organisational stability, and the long-term development of a competitive and resilient workforce.

Bosch to receive $225 million for US semiconductor expansion

The US Commerce Department announced a preliminary deal to provide German auto supplier Bosch with up to $225 million in subsidies to produce silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductors in California. The funding supports Bosch’s $1.9 billion transformation of its Roseville facility, with an additional $350 million in proposed government loans. This effort draws from the $52.7 billion fund established in 2022 to bolster US semiconductor production and research.

Bosch plans to begin manufacturing SiC chips, critical for electric vehicles, telecommunications, and defence, by 2026. These chips, known for their energy efficiency, play a vital role in improving electric vehicle performance and charging capabilities. The Commerce Department estimates the project could represent over 40% of US-based SiC manufacturing capacity once fully operational.

The investment aligns with Bosch’s strategy following its 2023 acquisition of TSI Semiconductors and highlights the growing importance of domestic chip production after pandemic-related supply chain disruptions. Representative Doris Matsui, who helped craft the semiconductor funding law, praised the move as a step toward advancing clean energy technologies and electric vehicle development in the US.

Keppel and Sovico plan undersea cables to link Vietnam and Singapore, sources say

Singaporean asset manager Keppel and Vietnam’s Sovico Group are in discussions to develop undersea fibre-optic cables aimed at boosting Southeast Asia’s data centre industry. The potential $150 million project would directly link Vietnam with Singapore, a critical regional hub for data infrastructure. However, talks remain fluid, with Keppel reportedly favouring a larger consortium-led project extending from Singapore to Japan, while Sovico supports a direct connection.

The discussions highlight Southeast Asia’s growing demand for AI services and internet capacity, with Vietnam planning 10 new submarine cables by 2030. These cables are also a focal point in the ongoing US-China tech rivalry, with the United States lobbying against the involvement of Chinese contractors, citing security concerns. US officials have reportedly briefed Sovico and other stakeholders on the risks of working with China’s HMN Technologies.

Vietnam, with a rapidly growing digital economy and a population nearing 100 million, currently relies on five undersea cable branches for global connectivity. Expanding its cable infrastructure is seen as key to establishing itself as a regional data hub, despite challenges like power shortages and stringent data regulations. Keppel and Sovico’s efforts, along with other planned projects, signal significant investment in the region’s digital future.

Russia aims for AI leadership by 2030

Russia has the potential to improve its global AI standing by 2030, bolstered by local talent and the development of its own generative AI models, according to Alexander Vedyakhin, the first deputy CEO of Sberbank. Speaking at the bank’s AI Journey conference, Vedyakhin highlighted the resilience of Russian developers in navigating Western sanctions, which aimed to limit the country’s computing resources. He emphasised the importance of fostering experimentation to maintain progress in AI.

Although Russia currently trails the US and China in AI innovation by six to nine months, Vedyakhin is optimistic about closing the gap. Instead of building massive data centres, Russia is focusing on smart AI models tailored to its market, similar to Meta’s Llama. These efforts, he said, will ensure technological sovereignty, especially as generative AI gains global importance. For example, Russian language models address local cultural contexts better than English-trained systems, avoiding misunderstandings like misinterpreting cultural dishes.

President Vladimir Putin also underscored the strategic significance of AI, announcing plans to collaborate with BRICS countries to challenge US dominance. Vedyakhin added that while Europe and China face setbacks due to overregulation, Russia’s supportive regulatory environment could be a competitive advantage. Encouraging investment in AI startups and allowing for innovation without severe penalties for mistakes are key to advancing the sector.

Despite a broader decline in venture capital investment in Russia, funding for AI startups continues to grow, hinting at a more diversified market. Vedyakhin also suggested that decentralised autonomous organizations (DAOs), powered by blockchain, could address labour shortages, paving the way for Russia to strengthen its AI ecosystem in the years ahead.

Nvidia expands in China amid challenges

Nvidia has added around 200 employees in China this year, boosting its research capabilities and focusing on autonomous driving technologies, Bloomberg News reports. The company now employs nearly 600 people in Beijing, with a recently opened office in the Zhongguancun tech hub, according to sources familiar with the matter.

Despite its expansion, Nvidia faces headwinds in China, including an ongoing investigation into alleged violations of the country’s anti-monopoly laws. This probe is widely interpreted as a response to US restrictions on China’s chip sector. Nvidia declined to comment on the situation.

China contributed about 17% of Nvidia’s revenue in the year ending January, down from 26% two years earlier. Globally, Nvidia employs around 29,600 people across 36 countries, as detailed in its February 2024 filing.

SwagBot aims to prevent soil degradation

A revolutionary AI-powered robot named SwagBot is changing the face of cattle farming. Developed by researchers at the University of Sydney, it offers an innovative way to manage livestock while tackling environmental challenges like soil degradation. SwagBot, first launched in 2016, has evolved from a basic herding machine to a sophisticated tool equipped with sensors, AI, and machine learning.

The autonomous robot can assess pasture health, type, and density while monitoring livestock well-being. By guiding cattle to the most nutritious grazing areas, SwagBot reduces the risk of overgrazing and ensures optimal pasture use. Salah Sukkarieh, a University of Sydney professor, highlighted its ability to manage cattle movement fluidly without relying on traditional fences.

Australia’s vast cattle farms, home to about 30 million animals, often face dry conditions and poor-quality pastures. SwagBot offers a game-changing solution by feeding real-time data to farmers, enabling more efficient grazing decisions. Part-time farmer Erin O’Neill noted the robot’s potential to support pregnant cattle by identifying the best-quality pastures for their needs.

SwagBot is still in development but represents a significant step towards integrating robotics in agriculture. As farms increasingly adopt such technologies, they aim to boost productivity, reduce environmental impact, and address challenges in hiring workers for remote locations.