Capacity development Archives | Page 66 of 341

AI drives faster modernisation of legacy COBOL systems

Critical to finance, airlines, and government, COBOL handles about 95% of US ATM transactions. Despite its ubiquity, the pool of developers able to read and maintain COBOL is shrinking as seasoned engineers retire and universities offer limited instruction.

Institutional knowledge is now embedded in decades-old code, and documentation often lags.

Modernising COBOL differs from typical software updates. It requires untangling intricate dependencies and reverse-engineering business logic that has evolved over decades.

Traditional modernisation efforts involved large teams of consultants over the years, resulting in high costs and lengthy timelines. AI tools are changing that paradigm by automating the most labour-intensive tasks.

AI-driven solutions like Claude Code map code dependencies, trace execution paths, document workflows, and identify risks. They provide teams with actionable insights for prioritisation, risk management, and refactoring, dramatically shortening modernisation timelines from years to months.

Human experts remain essential to reviewing AI recommendations, ensuring regulatory compliance, and making strategic decisions about which components to modernise first.

Implementation follows an incremental approach. AI translates COBOL logic into modern languages, creates integration scaffolding, and supports side-by-side operation with legacy components.

Continuous validation at each step reduces risk, allowing teams to build confidence as complex parts of the system are modernised. AI automation combined with expert oversight makes large-scale COBOL modernisation feasible.

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NVIDIA drives a new era of industrial AI cybersecurity

AI-driven defences are moving deeper into operational technology as NVIDIA leads a shift toward embedded cybersecurity across critical infrastructure.

The company is partnering with firms such as Akamai Technologies, Forescout, Palo Alto Networks, Siemens and Xage Security to protect energy, manufacturing and transport systems that increasingly operate through cloud-linked environments.

Modernisation has expanded capabilities across these sectors, yet it has widened the gap between evolving threats and ageing industrial defences.

Zero-trust adoption in operational environments is gaining momentum as Forescout and NVIDIA develop real-time verification models tailored to legacy devices and safety-critical processes.

Security workloads run on NVIDIA BlueField hardware to keep protection isolated from industrial systems and avoid any interference with essential operations. That approach enables more precise control over lateral movement across networks without disrupting performance.

Industrial automation is also adapting through Siemens and Palo Alto Networks, which are moving security enforcement closer to workloads at the edge. AI-enabled inspection via BlueField enhances visibility in highly time-sensitive environments, improving reliability and uptime.

Akamai and Xage are extending similar models to energy infrastructure and large-scale operational networks, embedding segmentation and identity-based controls where resilience is most critical.

A coordinated architecture is now emerging in which edge-generated operational data feeds central AI analysis, while enforcement remains local to maintain continuity.

The result is a security model designed to meet the pressures of cyber-physical systems, enabling operators to detect threats faster, reinforce operational stability and protect infrastructure that supports global AI expansion.

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OCC approval moves Crypto.com closer to US trust bank

Crypto.com has secured conditional approval from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to move ahead with plans to launch a federally regulated national trust bank in the United States.

Approval marks a notable step in the firm’s regulatory roadmap. It also signals continued alignment with US supervisory expectations as the digital asset sector seeks deeper integration with traditional financial infrastructure.

Plans focus on establishing Foris Dax National Trust Bank. The entity is designed to provide a consolidated suite of services, including digital asset custody, staking across multiple blockchain ecosystems such as Cronos, and trade settlement.

Full approval would place the entity under direct federal oversight, positioning it to serve institutional clients that require qualified custodians operating within a clear regulatory perimeter.

Leadership described the decision as recognition of its compliance and risk management framework. Executives said the structure would offer institutions a single regulated gateway to digital asset infrastructure and strengthen market confidence.

Existing operations at Crypto.com Custody Trust Company in New Hampshire will continue without interruption. Final authorisation will determine the timeline for launching the national trust bank and expanding federally supervised US services.

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Anthropic uncovers large-scale AI model theft operations

Three AI laboratories have been found conducting large-scale illicit campaigns to extract capabilities from Anthropic’s Claude AI, the company revealed.

DeepSeek, Moonshot, and MiniMax used around 24,000 fraudulent accounts to generate more than 16 million interactions, violating terms of service and regional access restrictions. The technique, called distillation, trains a weaker model on outputs from a stronger one, speeding AI development.

Distilled models obtained in this manner often lack critical safeguards, creating serious national security concerns. Without protections, these capabilities could be integrated into military, intelligence, surveillance, or cyber operations, potentially by authoritarian governments.

The attacks also undermine export controls designed to preserve the competitive edge of US AI technology and could give a misleading impression of foreign labs’ independent AI progress.

Each lab followed coordinated playbooks using proxy networks and large-scale automated prompts to target specific capabilities such as agentic reasoning, coding, and tool use.

Anthropic attributed the campaigns using request metadata, infrastructure indicators, and corroborating observations from industry partners. The investigation detailed how distillation attacks operate from data generation to model launch.

In response, Anthropic has strengthened detection systems, implemented stricter access controls, shared intelligence with other labs and authorities, and introduced countermeasures to reduce the effectiveness of illicit distillation.

The company emphasises that addressing these attacks will require coordinated action across the AI industry, cloud providers, and policymakers to protect frontier AI capabilities.

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AI data centre surge pushes electricity demand in the UK to new heights

The UK faces rising pressure on its electricity system as about 140 new data centre projects could demand more power than the country’s current peak consumption, according to Ofgem.

The regulator said developers are seeking about 50 gigawatts of capacity, a level driven by rapid growth in AI and far beyond earlier forecasts.

Connection requests have surged since late 2024, placing strain on a grid already struggling to support vital renewable projects that are key to national climate targets.

Work needed to connect expanding data centre capacity could delay schemes considered essential for decarbonisation and economic growth, instead of supporting the transition at the required pace.

The growing electricity footprint of AI infrastructure also threatens the aim of creating a virtually carbon-free power system by 2030, particularly as high costs and slow grid integration continue to hinder progress.

A proposed data centre in Lincolnshire has already raised concerns by projecting emissions greater than those of several international airports combined.

Ofgem now warns that speculative grid applications are blocking more viable projects, including those tied to government AI growth zones.

The regulator is considering more stringent financial requirements and new fees for access to grid connections, arguing that developers may need to build their own routes to the network rather than rely entirely on existing infrastructure.

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Medical AI risks in Turkey highlight data bias and privacy challenges

Ankara is seeing growing debate over the risks and benefits of medical AI as experts warn that poorly governed systems could threaten patient safety.

Associate professor Agah Tugrul Korucu said AI offers meaningful potential for healthcare only when supported by rigorous ethical rules and strong oversight instead of rapid deployment without proper safeguards.

Korucu explained that data bias remains one of the most significant dangers because AI models learn directly from the information they receive. Underrepresented age groups, regions or social classes can distort outcomes and create systematic errors.

Turkey’s national health database e-Nabiz provides a strategic advantage, yet raw information cannot generate value unless it is processed correctly and supported by clear standards, quality controls and reliable terminology.

He added that inconsistent hospital records, labelling errors and privacy vulnerabilities can mislead AI systems and pose legal challenges. Strict anonymisation and secure analysis environments are needed to prevent harmful breaches.

Medical AI works best as a second eye in fields such as radiology and pathology, where systems can reduce workloads by flagging suspicious areas instead of leaving clinicians to assess every scan alone.

Korucu said physicians must remain final decision makers because automation bias could push patients towards unnecessary risks.

He expects genomic data combined with AI to transform personalised medicine over the coming decade, allowing faster diagnoses and accurate medication choices for rare conditions.

Priority development areas for Turkey include triage tools, intensive care early warning systems and chronic disease management. He noted that the long-term model will be the AI-assisted physician rather than a fully automated clinician.

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University of Bristol opens free online course on AI

The University of Bristol has launched a free online course called AI Fundamentals, designed to increase public understanding of AI. Many people use AI regularly but feel unsure about how to engage with it effectively, creating a gap that the course aims to address.

AI Fundamentals explores the technology’s complexities, societal impact, and environmental implications. The curriculum emphasises critical thinking about AI, its risks, and its potential, making it relevant for both enthusiasts and the curious general public.

The course runs entirely online over four weeks, requiring about 3 hours of self-paced work per week. No coding or advanced mathematics is needed, allowing learners from all backgrounds to participate and explore AI in a digestible format.

Led by Professors Genevieve Liveley and Seth Bullock, the course draws on expertise across fields including computer science, law, medicine, humanities, and neuroscience. Supported by a £50,000 alum donation and UKRI funding, it is now open for enrolment via FutureLearn.

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Ashford Port Health Authority rolls out AI-powered compliance checks at UK border control

The Ashford Port Health Authority, operated by Ashford Borough Council at the Sevington Border Control Post in Kent, has deployed an AI-enabled system to support import compliance checks.

This technology uses Intelligent Document Processing to automatically extract, structure and evaluate import documentation for agricultural products and other regulated goods, reducing the need for manual review in early screening stages.

Officials describe the system as the first of its kind in the UK to fully automate initial documentary compliance checks for imported goods, including products of animal origin (POAO), high-risk food not of animal origin (HRFNAO) and other regulated consignments.

By mimicking the workflows of human officers, it helps improve productivity, consistency and speed of border controls while allowing staff to focus on frontline services.

The rollout also allows Ashford Borough Council to freeze official control charges for the 2026/27 financial year, as automation gains offset cost pressures. The council emphasises that the AI system augments rather than replaces expert oversight, strengthening compliance without sacrificing professional judgement.

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Majority of college students use or must use AI in classwork, but institutions lag in AI education

Research from Honorlock indicates a substantial shift in how students engage with generative AI in higher education: more than 56% of surveyed US college–enrolled students report being required to use AI tools in coursework, and 63% use AI for at least some assignments.

The most common uses include grammar and editing support (59%) and text generation (57%), with students also using AI to brainstorm ideas and clarify concepts.

Despite widespread AI use, there remains a significant gap in formal AI education: only 31% of students are aware of AI-focused courses at their institutions, and fewer than 20% have taken them.

Students themselves often learn AI skills independently rather than through a structured curriculum, potentially leaving them unprepared for workplaces where AI fluency is expected.

The survey also highlights academic integrity risks: more than one-third of students admitted to using AI assistance on quizzes or exams, underlining the need for clear AI use policies, responsible-use training and ethical frameworks within higher education.

Researchers and advocates argue that colleges should integrate AI literacy, including ethics, governance, real-world applications and responsible use, into coursework to better equip graduates for AI-enabled careers.

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Claude Code Security by Anthropic aims to detect and patch complex vulnerabilities

Anthropic has introduced Claude Code Security, an AI-powered service that scans software codebases for vulnerabilities and recommends targeted fixes. Built into Claude Code, the capability is rolling out in a limited research preview for Enterprise and Team customers.

The tool analyses code beyond traditional rule-based scanners, examining data flows and component interactions to identify complex, high-severity vulnerabilities. Findings undergo multi-stage verification, receive severity and confidence ratings, and are presented in a dashboard for human review.

Anthropic said the system re-examines its own results to reduce false positives before surfacing them to analysts. Teams can prioritise remediation based on severity ratings and iterate on suggested patches within familiar development workflows.

Claude Code Security builds on more than a year of cybersecurity research. Using Claude Opus 4.6, Anthropic reported discovering more than 500 long-undetected bugs in open-source projects through testing and external partnerships.

The company said AI will increasingly be used to scan global codebases, warning that attackers and defenders alike are adopting advanced models. Open-source maintainers can apply for expedited access as Anthropic expands the preview.

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