Towards 2030 and Beyond: Accelerating the SDGs through Access to Evidence on What Works

Towards 2030 and Beyond: Accelerating the SDGs through Access to Evidence on What Works

Session at a Glance

Summary

This discussion focused on accelerating progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through improved access to evidence and international collaboration. The event brought together representatives from governments, the UN, academia, and civil society to explore how evidence synthesis and new technologies like AI can support SDG achievement.

Speakers highlighted the urgent need to make better use of existing evidence to inform policymaking and accelerate SDG progress. They emphasized that while vast amounts of research exist, much of it remains underutilized or inaccessible to decision-makers. To address this, the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition was formed to unite UN agencies, governments, and other partners in synthesizing and disseminating actionable evidence on SDG implementation.

Major funding commitments were announced by the UK government and Wellcome Trust to support “living” evidence syntheses that are continuously updated using AI and other technologies. Speakers stressed the importance of making these efforts globally inclusive, ensuring evidence is accessible and relevant for decision-makers worldwide, especially in developing countries.

The discussion highlighted the transformative potential of AI and other digital technologies in accelerating evidence synthesis and use, while also cautioning that responsible innovation is crucial to avoid exacerbating inequalities. Speakers called for increased international collaboration and harmonization of evidence efforts globally.

Youth representatives emphasized the importance of including diverse voices, especially young people, in evidence production and decision-making processes. Overall, the event showcased a shared commitment to leveraging evidence more effectively to drive SDG progress through 2030 and beyond.

Keypoints

Major discussion points:

– The importance of evidence synthesis and making research findings more accessible to policymakers to accelerate progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

– Announcements of major funding commitments from the UK government and Wellcome Trust to support AI-driven evidence synthesis efforts

– The need for international collaboration and harmonized global efforts to make evidence more timely, relevant and equitable

– The role of artificial intelligence in transforming evidence synthesis, while ensuring responsible and ethical use

– Ensuring evidence reaches all countries and populations, including youth and vulnerable groups

Overall purpose:

The discussion aimed to highlight the critical role of evidence in accelerating progress on the SDGs and to announce new initiatives and funding to improve the synthesis and accessibility of evidence for policymakers globally.

Tone:

The tone was largely optimistic and forward-looking, with speakers expressing excitement about the potential for new technologies and collaborations to transform evidence use. There was also a sense of urgency given the short timeframe to achieve the SDGs by 2030. The tone became more reflective and aspirational when youth representatives spoke near the end, emphasizing the importance of including future generations in decision-making.

Speakers

Moderator/Facilitator:

– Andrea Cook – Executive Director of the UN Sustainable Development Group Systemwide Evaluation Office

Speakers:

– Bob Rae – President of the UN Economic and Social Council and Canada’s permanent representative to the UN

– Simplex Chitiola Banda – Malawi’s Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs

– Emran Mian – Director General for Digital Technologies and Telecoms at the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology

– Lord Patrick Vallance (via video) – UK Minister of State for Science, Research, and Innovation

– Isabelle Mercier – Director of the Independent Evaluation Office at UNDP and Co-Chair of the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition

– John Lavis – Co-Lead of the Global Commission on Evidence to Address Societal Challenges

– John-Arne Røttingen – Chief Executive Officer of the Wellcome Trust

– Ana Jiménez de la Hoz – Ambassador from Spain

– Martin Kimani – Executive Director of NYU’s Center on International Cooperation and Kenya’s former permanent representative to the UN

– Justine Germo Nzweundji – Member of the chairing committee of INGSA in Africa

– Karla Soares-Weiser – Editor-in-Chief of Cochrane

– Will Moy – Chief Executive Officer of the Campbell Collaboration

– Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni – Master of Public Administration student at Columbia University

– Reuben Pohl – Medical student at Oxford University and Yale

– Kerry Albright – Principal Advisor and Deputy Director at the UNICEF Evaluation Office and Co-Chair of the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition

The speakers represent a diverse range of expertise including diplomacy, finance, science and technology policy, evidence synthesis, international development, healthcare, and youth perspectives.

Full session report

Accelerating Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals through Evidence Synthesis and International Collaboration

A high-level discussion brought together representatives from governments, the UN, academia, and civil society to explore how evidence synthesis and new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) can support achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The event, moderated by Andrea Cook, the first Executive Director of the UN Sustainable Development Group Systemwide Evaluation Office, focused on improving access to evidence and fostering international collaboration to accelerate SDG progress.

Key Themes and Agreements

1. Importance of Evidence Synthesis for SDG Progress

There was strong consensus among speakers on the critical role of evidence synthesis in driving SDG achievement. Andrea Cook, Simplex Chitiola Banda, Bob Rae, Isabelle Mercier, and John-Arne Røttingen all emphasised how synthesising research findings can help identify effective interventions and policies. Banda noted that evidence synthesis can illuminate what works and what doesn’t, while Rae stressed the importance of international collaboration in these efforts.

However, speakers also highlighted significant challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking. Mercier pointed out that evidence is often scattered and underutilised, while Martin Kimani noted that policymakers face time constraints in accessing relevant information. Justine Germo Nzweundji raised the issue of language and cultural barriers affecting evidence accessibility, and Karla Soares-Weiser emphasised the need for evidence synthesis to be timely and relevant.

2. Role of Technology and AI in Enhancing Evidence Synthesis

Lord Patrick Vallance and John-Arne Røttingen discussed the potential of AI and technology to improve evidence synthesis capabilities. However, Bob Rae cautioned about existing inequalities in access to digital technologies and AI, highlighting the need to ensure that technological advancements benefit all countries and populations.

3. Major Initiatives and Investments

Several significant announcements were made during the discussion:

– Formation of the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition to unite UN agencies, governments, and other partners in synthesising and disseminating actionable evidence on SDG implementation (Isabelle Mercier). Specific synthesis reports include:

• Completed report on SDG 17 Partnership Pillar

• Ongoing synthesis on the Peace Pillar (SDG 16.1 and 16.4)

• Upcoming synthesis on the People Pillar (SDGs 1-5)

• Plans for synthesis on the Planet Pillar (SDGs 6, 12-15)

– UK government investment of £11.5 million in AI-driven evidence synthesis (Lord Vallance), with three main aims:

• Creating an AI-based approach for analyzing evidence

• Developing AI-supported evidence synthesis products

• Improving accessibility and dissemination of synthesized evidence

– Wellcome Trust commitment of £45 million over five years to support “living” evidence syntheses that are continuously updated using AI and other technologies (John-Arne Røttingen)

– Ongoing support from Cochrane and the Campbell Collaboration for global evidence synthesis efforts (Karla Soares-Weiser, Will Moy). Cochrane’s new scientific strategy focuses on SDG-related areas: maternal, newborn, and child health; infectious disease; climate health; and multiple chronic conditions.

– Spain’s efforts to champion localisation of SDGs and evidence use (Ana Jiménez de la Hoz)

4. Youth Involvement and Diverse Perspectives

Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni and Reuben Pohl, representing youth perspectives, emphasised the importance of involving young people in decision-making processes and ensuring that evidence serves those most affected by policies, particularly future generations. Pohl highlighted the potential of citizen science initiatives to bridge communities and researchers, while both speakers stressed the need for diversity in evidence production and sharing.

5. Strengthening the Science-Policy Interface

Justine Germo Nzweundji highlighted the role of INGSA (International Network for Governmental Science Advice) in strengthening the science-policy interface, emphasizing its importance in bridging the gap between evidence producers and policymakers.

Areas of Partial Agreement and Unresolved Issues

While there were no significant disagreements among speakers, some nuanced perspectives emerged:

– Bob Rae and Lord Vallance both acknowledged the importance of AI and technology in evidence synthesis, but Rae emphasised existing inequalities in access to these technologies, while Vallance focused more on their potential benefits.

– The discussion revealed unresolved questions about ensuring equitable access to AI and digital technologies across all countries, effectively integrating local context and knowledge into global evidence synthesis, and balancing the speed of AI-driven synthesis with the need for rigorous and ethical evidence production.

Thought-Provoking Comments and Future Directions

Several speakers made particularly impactful statements that shaped the discussion:

– John Lavis painted a vivid picture of the potential for comprehensive, easily accessible evidence on education interventions, demonstrating how synthesised evidence could be made actionable for decision-makers.

– Karla Soares-Weiser thoughtfully addressed both the opportunities and challenges presented by AI in evidence synthesis, emphasising the need for proper regulation, ethical use, and collaboration.

– Bob Rae powerfully framed the SDGs as fundamental human needs and highlighted the urgency of leveraging new technologies to address global inequalities.

– John-Arne Røttingen’s announcement of significant funding from the Wellcome Trust demonstrated concrete commitment to the ideas being discussed and shifted the conversation towards practical implementation.

These comments collectively moved the discussion from theoretical concepts to practical action, while maintaining focus on the ultimate goal of improving human lives through better use of evidence in pursuit of the SDGs.

Conclusion and Next Steps

The discussion showcased a shared commitment to leveraging evidence more effectively to drive SDG progress through 2030 and beyond. Key action items include the development of synthesis reports on various SDG topics by the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition, special meetings on AI and evidence use for SDGs called by the ECOSOC President, and ongoing support for global evidence synthesis efforts from organisations like Cochrane and the Campbell Collaboration.

Moving forward, stakeholders will need to address challenges such as ensuring equitable access to AI and digital technologies, integrating local context into global evidence synthesis, and sustainably funding and coordinating global evidence synthesis efforts beyond initial investments. The discussion highlighted the need for continued dialogue and diverse approaches to effectively harness evidence and technology in service of the SDGs.

The event concluded with an announcement by Kerry Albright about a closing reception at the UK Consulate for pre-registered attendees, providing an opportunity for further networking and discussion.

Session Transcript

Andrea Cook: Thank you. So good afternoon, everyone. His Excellency Honourable Simplex Chitiola Banda, Her Excellency Minister Zainab Chukan, His Excellency Ambassador Bob Rae, Director General Emran Mian, distinguished guests, esteemed colleagues, and passionate advocates for a better world. Good afternoon. I am Andrea Cook, appointed by the Secretary General one year ago as the first Executive Director of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group Systemwide Evaluation Office. On behalf of the organizing team from Malawi, the United Kingdom, INGSA, and the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition, I warmly welcome you all to this crucial event towards 2030 and beyond, accelerating the SDGs through access to evidence on what works. We are honored today to have such a distinguished group of leaders and experts gathered here and such a full and engaged room. It’s so exciting. So we’re here to explore the transformative power of science, digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and international collaboration to bridge the gap and bring evidence to the fore at global, regional, national, and local level to help drive us forwards to accelerate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. A special thanks to our esteemed ministers, Honourable Simplex Chitra Labanda from Malawi and Lord Patrick Vallance from the United Kingdom, and His Excellency Ambassador Bob Rae, the President of the Economic and Social Council, for their leadership and commitment and for their invaluable contributions to this crucial dialogue. I especially thank the distinguished presenters and panelists from Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Germany, India, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom, who bring their commitment and the perspective of different and diverse organizations to our deliberations. This event aligns seamlessly with the spirit and the vision of the greatly anticipated impact for the future, emphasizing the critical role of knowledge and the science policy interface in looking at how to improve the access of policymakers and decision makers to better evidence to accelerate the achievement of the global goals. Today we will delve into the groundbreaking work of the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition, which is a testament to the power of partnership and collaboration. We will also hear from two major research funders and from the UK Research and Innovation and the Wellcome Trust about significant new funding commitments that will be used to bring together all the existing evidence on what works, including previously untapped evaluative evidence to make it more useful for decision makers across the world to help achieve the SDGs. This initiative is an incredible demonstration of the Secretary General’s vision of how artificial intelligence and science can boost the SDGs for all countries, and also his recognition of the immense value of partnerships between UN agencies, national governments, philanthropies and academia that go beyond mere financing to encompass technical resources and expertise. Today presents a significant opportunity to forge new collaborations across science, evidence and policy communities. As Soren Kierkegaard wisely said, life can only be… understood backwards but it must be lived forwards. As we look towards 2030 and beyond we have the potential to seize and share knowledge and insight rooted in more credible and reliable evidence to shape a better future in a more sustainable and equitable world. Up with that it’s now my honor to introduce Bob Ray the president of the UN Economic and Social Council and Canada’s permanent representative to the United Nations to open our side event. Ambassador Rae’s distinguished career spans law, public policy and diplomacy making him uniquely positioned to highlight the critical role of evidence in addressing global challenges. Over to you, thank you.

Bob Rae: Thank you very much Andrea it’s a great pleasure to be here and to be in such a illustrious company. I suspect that Soren Kierkegaard has not been quoted in this place since since Dag Hammarskjöld was the Secretary General and if anybody was any doubt about how serious this conversation is we have Kierkegaard looking over us to tell us what we’re doing right or wrong. It really is a pleasure to be here. When I was invited to do this many of my staff said why do you why do you want to do this one I mean not no offense but I get asked I get asked to do so many of these things now nothing to do with me it’s just to do with my title and I said because this happens to be one of the most important questions that we’re facing in the world today and that is that we know what needs to be done and we know how it can be done but gathering this information and this evidence and marshalling it and putting it into battle is really the challenge that we face. We go to a bewildering number of meetings during these action days and I one of my first ones this morning I think this is my eighth meeting was a really interesting discussion not that this isn’t going to be an interesting discussion but I was at a really interesting discussion between among the SDG advocates and my prime minister was there so I had to be at that one and the most I thought the most interesting presentation was by the president of Microsoft, because he pointed out that the invention of electricity took place 150 years ago. The first power plant was built in Manhattan well before the end of the 19th century. We still have hundreds of millions of people living in the world, particularly in the continent of Africa, who do not have access to electricity. So if you think of artificial intelligence, and my offhand view about artificial intelligence is better than no intelligence at all, but when you think about artificial intelligence, it requires enormous investments in hardware and in software in order to be able to have the impact that it has. There will be central places where this is done, and we’re at the same risk that we were at with the discovery of electricity, and that is that those who have the money and the financing to put it at the center of their economic activity will explode in terms of their ability to advance and take advantage of it, and those who do not have this access will be at risk of falling even further behind than they are today. And so we’re at a real inflection point in the life of the world. We have a new technology that’s coming available. We have a challenge before us with respect to the sustainable development goals, which, as I call them, are really just the common sense of humankind. What do we need to be able to do in order to live decent lives? That’s what the sustainable development goals are, nothing more and nothing less. But if we do not marshal all these resources, we will be even worse off, frankly, than we are today in terms of the fundamental challenge, which is not that we don’t have prosperity among us. We do. Not that we don’t have exciting technological discussion going on. We all do. The problem is we don’t have available to everyone, and many people are being left badly behind. So we are at an inflection point because I do think that this next round of technological innovation will either have the capacity to accelerate all of us or will have the ability to accelerate some of us and leave others even further behind than they are now. I had the honour when I first came here to co-chair the co-facilitation of the Doha Declaration, which is the declaration of the least developed countries in the world. At that time, we discovered, found and said and told other members of the UN that less than 15 per cent of LDCs had access to the technical and financial resources required to implement advanced digital technologies, extending their participation severely in global digital markets. Global investments in AI are projected to reach $500 billion by 2024. That’s a lot, $500 billion, when you consider that the global economy is $100 trillion. That’s a significant amount of money. Most of these investments were concentrated in high-income countries. So those in the least developed countries and even in middle-income countries have been left behind. We know that in some SIDs, less than 20% of the workforce had basic digital literacy. About 19% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa, prominently LDCs and LLDCs, about 200 million people, live outside of mobile broadband coverage without any access at all. And globally, women are 19% less likely than men to use the internet. And less than 25% of LDCs have comprehensive policies addressing digital inclusion for women and marginalized groups. The central challenge that we face is twofold. One is how do we mobilize our institutions to respond to this crisis? But the second one is how do we mobilize public opinion in all of our countries to care about whether this will or will not be done? At the same meeting this morning, as the Secretary General said, if we leave things on their own and don’t intervene successfully to change the pattern of development and to change the pace of development and the focus of development, inequality will only get worse. This is not some speculative comment. This is a reality. But the other half of the challenge that we face is that we will – things are going to get worse unless we’re able to combat the powerful sources of disinformation, misogyny, patriarchy, prejudice, hate, which are permeating our social media. yes permeating our politics and we have to respond to it with a very vigorous commitment not only to our values but to science and to information and to facts to not leave behind the heritage that we have accumulated that we know that all of these things are right and all that that it goes against it is actually wrong and the truth is a real thing not a made-up thing it’s a real thing people speak today of my truth and your truth no I mean David Hume would be rolling over in his grave some things are true and other things are not true and we have to keep on encountering this as the president this year of ECOSOC I have the chance to call a couple of special meetings and I’m going to be calling a special meeting on AI it’s not going to focus on AI governance it’s going to focus on this question access to the to the investments that are going to be required in every corner of the globe in order to ensure that we do not get swamped by another wave of inequality second the STI forum will be an opportunity for innovators and thinkers to come together on how to address inequalities and access to technologies and proposed solutions and we’re also going to be using the high-level political forum to get to get on to this question of how we can make sure that the science-based information that’s present is built into and baked into our policies and baked into what agencies and what the UN system itself does so I’m delighted to be here I’m delighted to be able to hear what people have to say and I’m delighted to be able to participate in these discussions I want to assure you that we we are going to be taking this cause up because we really I really do think that it’s a critical issue for the UN system as a whole but more importantly than just the UN system it’s more important for humankind for all of all of us it’s important for us to recognize this is a point at which choices have to be made decisions have to be made and for heaven’s sake let’s base those decisions on evidence on facts on knowledge on information and yes on truth thank you very much

Andrea Cook: Thank you, Ambassador Rae, for your insightful opening remarks and throwing down the challenge. We really appreciate your leadership in highlighting the priorities of yourself and the Economic and Social Council and to set the scene for the critical issues that relate to this important discussion today. From the perspective of the Republic of Malawi, from the front lines of policy implementation, we welcome His Excellency the Honourable Simplex Tjotiola Banda, Malawi’s Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs. His expertise in international trade and development economics highlights the crucial link between evidence and effective policymaking. Thank you. Over to you, Minister Banda.

Simplex Chitiola Banda: Thank you very much and good afternoon to all. As alluded to by the coordinator, I’m Simplex Chitiola Banda, Malawi’s Finance Minister. Your Excellencies, distinct delegates, partners and audience members, we’ve just heard from the previous speaker about the importance of decision makers having access to timely and reliable evidence. And we’ll hear more, I hope so, about how research and innovation can drive national growth, development and well-being, and how artificial intelligence, AI, can help speed up our important work. With a mere six years to go until 2030, it is imperative to speed up our work in all these areas to accelerate progress towards the SDGs. We need to employ the newest technology advances to fast-track our work wherever possible. We need to make better use of evidence for more effective policymaking and ensure that this evidence is available. to everybody. This requires, as alluded to by us all, to connect and work together more closely. Only through substantial international collaboration, by sharing the lessons we learn on our journey to solve our most pressing challenges, can we ensure that our efforts have the most impact and for the benefit of everybody. Malawi strongly believes in the transformative power of evidence, technology and cooperation. These, ladies and gentlemen, are vital to achieve the Malawi 2063 and ensure sustainable economic growth and development. We have worked closely with the United Nations system on our vision, which sets out a clear path to realizing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We are committed to achieving the aspirations of the Malawi 2063 and the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development. We are convinced that the joining forces with stakeholders from all sectors will be able to get back on track and accelerate progress towards the global goals in these crucial years until 2030. Ladies and gentlemen, Malawi is proud to demonstrate its commitment to the 2030 Agenda, evidence-based policymaking and meaningful international cooperation and partnership on many occasions. Just last year, we proudly co-sponsored the UN General Assembly Resolution on Strengthening Voluntary National Reviews through country-led evaluation, which encourages all member states to use the evidence from evaluations to their decision-making to achieve their global goals. This commitment is why Malawi has been a strong advocate for the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition and a member of the Steering Committee since its inception. One year ago, together with Panama and our coalition partners, we proudly sponsored an event at SDG Summit to launch the first evidence synthesis on SDG 17 Partnership Pillar. This report provided concrete evidence of how strong international collaboration, fair trade and meaningful partnerships can characterize growth and progress for the benefit of everybody. One year later, Malawi has again the pleasure of co-sponsoring an important event with the UK Government, the United Nations and International Network for Governmental Science Advice. But today, we come together as part of an even bigger and stronger coalition. Through our combined efforts, we are pleased to welcome new influential and committed partners, including global leaders in the realm of evidence, technology and innovation. I am, therefore, very much looking forward to hearing about their vision from our distinguished speakers today, your excellencies, distinguished representatives, partners, and colleagues. I hope this session will persuade and inspire you, persuade you of the key role that cutting-edge technology, accessible evidence, and meaningful collaboration can play in addressing the complex challenges we face today. I, therefore, urge you to become part of this global initiative, making available what you have learned from your efforts to achieve global goals. I advocate for the better use of evidence for policymaking and engage with partners from different sectors and disciplines. Together, we will find the new solutions needed to create a more just, equitable, and prosperous future. Thank you for your attention.

Andrea Cook: Thank you, Minister Banda, for sharing Malawi’s invaluable perspective on the importance of international collaboration and evidence-based policymaking for achievement of the SDGs. We’re privileged to move to the United Kingdom, our main other sponsoring partner, and we’re privileged to have a video message by His Excellency Lord Patrick Vallance, the United Kingdom Minister of State for Science, Research, and Innovation. With a background as both clinical academic and a leader in pharmaceutical research and development, Lord Vallance will share the UK government’s perspective on the transformative power of international scientific collaboration and evidence synthesis. We request Emran Mian, the Director General for Digital Technologies and Telecoms at the Department for Science. innovation and technology in the United Kingdom, to represent Lord Patrick Vallance, who unfortunately couldn’t be here with us in person today. And he’s very disappointed not to be here. Over to you.

Emran Mian: Thank you very much. And yes, he sends his apologies, though I think we will briefly hear from him on a video. So look, I’ve been sitting here feeling rather lazy because unlike my colleague next to me, I haven’t been to eight events today. I’ve done a mere four. But I think already from four events today, it’s feeling to me that there’s a consistent theme running through this summit, about the way in which research and innovation is going to underline our progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. And it’s that theme I just want to talk a little bit about. The UK role in this, as well as being really happy to co-sponsor this event with Malawi, is expressed partly through our international science partnerships, which is over 300 million pounds of funding that we use to put research and innovation at the heart of our international relationships. We have also been collaborating with Canada and a set of African civil society organizations and universities to begin to create an AI for development program. And the aim of this is to create safe, inclusive, and responsible AI ecosystems in Africa. Through the UK Economic and Social Research Council, we’ve also been supporting the production of a new global evidence report, published just last week, which sets out a blueprint for better international collaboration on synthesizing and using evidence. And this, I feel, is a really important point, that as well as governments helping to support the production of science, we need to help to support the synthesizing of the evidence that science provides. And this is something that I think often we under-invest in collectively. And as a consequence, scientific… remains the preserve of those who create it doesn’t sufficiently get to policymakers and when it does get to policymakers perhaps disproportionately gets to policymakers in only in certain countries and not globally. There are exceptions to this. I think we’ve got a lot to learn from health sciences where a lot of this synthesis work already happens. The work of the the Cochrane organization, those collaborations I think are a real lodestar here in terms of how you can do this work. Inspired by that work last year the UK government and the Gates Foundation launched the Juno Evidence Alliance. This is the world’s first evidence synthesis network for agriculture and food systems and as people in this room know as climate change increasingly affects vulnerable farmers and rural communities these synthesis methods become all the more important to help policymakers to prioritize and apply research findings to drive the action that is needed. In fact Juno’s most recent report found that there was a 60% growth in research publications in agri-food overall but very low levels of research targeting the poorest, hungriest and most climate vulnerable countries. So the power of evidence synthesis is not only to show what evidence we have but also to show what evidence we don’t have and what are the gaps that we need to work together to fill. AI is also a tool by which we can do more to fill those gaps and I’m going to hand over to the video of Lord Velens to talk about what we want to do next in that space.

Lord Vallance: Hello and my apologies that I’ve not been able to join you in person today because this is a really exciting moment for the use of evidence synthesis for global food. Today it’s my pleasure to announce that the UK government in strategic partnership with the UN will be making an initial investment of £11.5 million in a new program to catalyze a step change in AI-driven evidence synthesis. This opportunity has been launched by UK Research and Innovation, led by the Economic and Social Research Council. Our vision is to transform government leaders’ access to accurate, up-to-date and accessible summaries of the existing evidence base in key policy areas. Specifically, we have three aims. The first, to work with the best developers to create a powerful, AI-based approach for analysing and interpreting the latest evidence. Second, to create a comprehensive suite of AI-supported evidence synthesis products centred on topics of international interest and, of course, importance. This includes evidence and gap maps that allow decision makers to visualise the quantity and quality of relative evidence, and living evidence reviews that provide up-to-date evidence synthesis that meets the needs of national decision makers and doesn’t become outdated. And the third, we want to improve the accessibility, presentation and dissemination of synthesised evidence, with a focus on collaborating with decision makers and undertaking user testing to ensure products are designed and distributed in formats primed for policymaking. And that’s really important, that primed for policymaking. Partnership and global coordination sit at the heart of our plans. We want to build on, not duplicate, existing efforts. It is why we have partnered with the UN-led SDG Synthesis Coalition, which I understand you’ll hear much more about today. The effort we fund will also need to collaborate with existing evidence infrastructure to achieve collective impact. That includes investments made by many of the organisations in this room, like the Wellcome Trust, who you will hear from, who have shown really significant leadership in this space. I hope that together we can achieve real progress in accelerating access to evidence on what works, and indeed on what doesn’t. doesn’t in achieving the SDGs.

Andrea Cook: Thank you Director-General Mian for representing Lord Vallance and for highlighting the United Kingdom Government’s commitment to advancing evidence-based solutions through international collaboration and AI-driven innovation. With that, once again, we extend our sincere thanks to our distinguished speakers from Canada, the United Kingdom and Malawi for their valuable contributions. Now let’s transition to the next segment of our programme and please join me in welcoming Isabelle Mercier, John Lavis and John Arnaud Rottingham. As we continue to explore the crucial role of evidence in accelerating progress towards the SDGs, our esteemed speakers will share unique perspectives and insights. Firstly, we have Isabel Mercier, the Director of the Independent Evaluation Office at UNDP and Co-Chair of the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition. Isabelle will provide an overview of the Coalition’s ambitious objectives and the impactful work it has accomplished to date. Then after Isabel, we will hear from John Lavis, the Co-Lead of the Global Commission on Evidence to Address Societal Challenges. John will outline the exciting opportunities ahead for the Coalition and how it can align with the collective vision of the Global Evidence Commission to accelerate progress. And then finally, we will hear from John-Arne Røttingen, the Chief Executive Officer of the Wellcome Trust, who will share the Wellcome Trust’s perspectives on critical needs for global collaboration and provide insights into their future priorities in this area. And in this connection, we’ll be very excited to hear about the commitments that are being made and announced today from the Wellcome Trust to support this vital work. So over to you, first of all, Isabel. Thank you.

Isabelle Mercier: Thank you, Andrea. Excellencies, colleagues, friends, good afternoon. It’s a real pleasure for me to be here today. and to address such a distinguished group. I’m going to share with you the story of the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition, how it came to be, the work we’re doing, and the transformative impact we believe it can have on the global efforts to achieve these sustainable development goals. The coalition was formed in 2022 during a time we all remember when COVID-19 pandemic forced a temporary halt in primary research across international development evaluation. In that pause, my community of evaluators found an opportunity for reflection. We realized there was an untapped wealth of insights buried in underused research. Research lost in the noise, scattered across platforms, and forgotten in databases. This wasn’t irrelevant research, it was valuable, but it was overlooked. So we’ve made something that looked impossible happen. We’ve united 45 UN agencies, plus governments, academic institutions, synthesis networks, multilateral banks, and private sector partners around a vision to turn this fragmented and underused information into structured, accessible, and actionable insights that can accelerate progress towards the SDGs and answer critical questions. What works, for whom, and where? And let me tell you, this collaboration is transforming how we approach the challenge of achieving the SDGs. What sets the coalition apart is not just the concept of an evidence ecosystem. This idea isn’t new. What’s new is the intensity, ambition, and scale at which we’re building it. We’re creating a global evidence framework for the SDGs, an enduring commitment also to work together to address the challenges of different systems and accountabilities. Two major factors have made this possible. Advancements in technology and artificial intelligence, and more importantly, people. People who are breaking silos and collaborating even when the incentives say otherwise. The members of the coalition don’t just generate evidence. They champion it, ensuring that this evidence is used to take decisions that are made in their countries, in their regions, in their cities. The goal is to ensure that quality evidence is not only noticed, but used to inform the decisions that shape our future. We know that you, our leaders, face complex, urgent challenges, and that you need the best evidence to make informed choices. The coalition is here to respond to that need. Our coalition knows who to talk to and how to promote a dialogue, which is a unique strength within the UN system. In the past year, we’ve pooled resources, we’ve standardized methodologies, and we’ve intensified our commitment to driving the use of synthesis through every accessible channel. And we’ve managed to build a very dynamic space where academic knowledge meets real world policy needs, where evidence from UN process evaluations and impact evaluations by academics are synthesized and discussed with government officials, bringing the best insights to the global stage. After our first report on SDG 17, I’m excited to share that the coalition is now developing its first synthesis under the Peace Pillar. The synthesis, which consolidates evidence from impact evaluations and UN assessments, will deliver valuable insights and strategies for reducing homicides and conflict-related deaths with a specific focus on SDG target 16.1, reducing all forms of violence, and 16.4, curbing illicit financial and arms flows. The synthesis report, which will be made available in November 2024, will show which interventions are most effective and, importantly, why they succeeded. This will help accelerate progress toward these targets. Thomas Duhoup, I don’t know where he is. I think he’s in this room somewhere. The synthesis team leader from the American Institutes for Research is present in the audience. He’s working on this. Please feel free. I hope you don’t mind I’m saying this, Thomas. Feel free to approach him with any questions you have. In the meantime, I encourage you to explore our protocol and interim brief, which are available on our website. are available on the SDG Synthesis Coalition website and offer a detailed update on the evidence gathered so far. We’ve also developed two interactive visual evidence map that showcase the breadth of evaluative evidence on these topics. And I think there’s a QR code, and I think if you click on it, it’ll bring you to that. As for the other reports, I’m pleased to share that we’ll soon begin working on a synthesis of people pillar encompassing SDGs one through five, which will examine the implementation and effectiveness of social protection interventions aimed at reaching those most in need. We’re also currently completing a scoping consultation process to identify key thematic priorities for future living syntheses under all pillars, including the planet pillar, which covers SDGs six and 12 through 15, which is crucial due to the interconnectedness of ecosystems, human health, and global stability with all other SDGs. These reports are going to deliver valuable messages. At the same time, we’ve also learned that one-off syntheses like these will unlikely be enough. Decision-making is ongoing, and new evidence is constantly emerging. So what excites me even more is something that my friend here, John Lavis, will talk about in just a minute, and which is the coalition’s vision of a global bank of living syntheses. Powered by technology and AI, the coalition will continually update and refine insights, offering a well-structured, high-quality resource to decision-makers at all levels. So I hope you’re as excited and thrilled about this work as I am. Together, I believe we can be the change-makers, the bridge-builders, and advocates for a future where no one’s left behind. So now, with your permission, Andrea, I’ll turn the floor over to John. Thank you.

John Lavis: That was super. Thanks very much, Isabel. Distinguished guests and colleagues, I’m absolutely thrilled to be here today, and I want to start by applauding the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition. As somebody who’s labored for 30 years to try to get evidence into the hands of decision-makers, to have 45 UN agencies, independent. evaluation offices stand up and say, we want to foreground evaluations and evidence synthesis in our work. We want to make sure they’re used and we want to work with countries to support their use is really a game changer. And we’re really grateful to see that leadership coming from the UN. For the last three and a half years, I’ve co-led something called the Global Evidence Commission. And we felt that during COVID with evidence, so many things went well, but so many things went poorly. And we desperately needed to learn the lessons from that experience going forward so we can better deal with things during normal times and be prepared to pivot during crises. And we wanted to talk about how we had radical improvements, radically more timely, radically more relevant, radically more affordable, living evidence synthesis, syntheses that are continuously updated. Most recently, we led a consensus building process, brought together the evidence leaders from across the globe, the majority of whom are in the global south, to agree on six features of the future that we think are absolutely essential if we’re going to use evidence to power change and to accelerate progress with the SDGs. If we pull up the slide, I’m going to show you those six features. We call them Show Me the Evidence. And regrettably, that is also the title of a book about the Obama administration’s use of evidence. So we are buried way, way down in a Google search. The feature most relevant today is harmonized efforts globally that make it easier to learn from others around the world. And this, again, we really think is a path-breaking opportunity. But what exactly does it mean to do this? How do we harmonize efforts globally? Well, one piece of it is the platform at the base of this simple structure. That’s the infrastructure. We need to work with users across the UN system, with policymakers in member states, with civil society groups to understand their questions. We need to build capacity to produce these living evidence syntheses and shift their production and leadership for their development to the global south. We need platforms for data sharing and reusing. During COVID, we often had hundreds of rapid reviews on the exact same topic. Over and over again, people extracted data from studies, did risk-bias assessments, no sharing. That has to stop. We also need responsible innovation in tools and methods. One of the hallmarks of the evidence synthesis community is doing things systematically and transparently. And as AI can be used safely and responsibly in workflows, this will be incorporated. But we don’t want to introduce it prematurely when it runs the risk of increasing discrimination or causing other problems. That’s the infrastructure. And you’ll soon be hearing from Jan-Arne about a breathtaking investment in that infrastructure that will power this work around the globe across all sectors. Then we have funders coming forward, and you’ve heard about UKRI coming forward with with a bold investment in living evidence syntheses about accelerating progress towards the SDGs. We anticipate that in future, welcome in its three solution areas of climate and health, mental health and infectious disease will also be commissioning living evidence syntheses. But we have in Stee and Westlake, the chief executive of ESRC and Jan-Arne Rottingen, who you’ll hear from shortly, a desire to bring many other funders to the table so we can eventually cover all of the big questions over time related to the SDGs. We also need people investing in ways of serving up these actionable insights for different sectors, for different types of decision makers, for different geographies. We are on the cusp of having every impact study in the world about education with all the data extracted, with all the risk of bias assessments done. And once that’s done, it can be served up in many different ways. It can be served up by best buys. It can be served up by broad approach like peer tutoring. It can be served up by branded programs. So if politicians are being lobbied, they can look to see what the evidence is. So really exciting. This is the total vision. Today you’ll hear about two investments, and we hope to see many more coming forward, all of which will help to accelerate progress towards the SDGs. But the magic happens when that global system is working well and we have people on the ground in every country who can pull together the many forms of needed evidence when political windows of opportunity open. I have a colleague, Laura Boera, in Brazil, colleague Rona Majumbi was in Uganda, now in Malawi, a colleague Kerry in Canada. They all run rapid evidence support shops for their respective governments. People can call them up and say in two business days, I need all the best evidence systematically pulled together on this topic. In five business days, I need all the evidence on this topic. They have to pull together many forms of local evidence. What this will allow them to do is learn from other countries around the world and introduce those actionable insights from other settings. And this is now going to be so much more efficient for them. If I give you just one example, in the last 15 months, my colleague Kerry in Canada has had nine requests related to climate. Because of the generosity of a team in Berlin who makes available all of the data for their living evidence syntheses, she could pull down the relevant studies, contextualize it to the Canadian context, and deliver it in that highly contextualized form on the exact question that was asked. This should become the new normal. It should not be a one-off opportunity. So that’s what we’re talking about. The Global SDG Synthesis Coalition hopes that a year out, we have living evidence syntheses on the highest priority SDG questions of our time. Three years out, we’re answering most of the big questions. Six years out, we’ve got the entire spectrum covered, and we’re ready for 2030 and beyond. So thank you to the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition for its leadership. Thank you to these two visionary funders for setting us on a bold path. I am really excited about the future, and I hope you’ll join me in making that future a reality. Thank you.

John-Arne Røttingen: Thank you, John. Excellencies, colleagues, it’s great to follow. And we are here really to focus on how to make progress on some of the most pressing challenges we face in the world, as we have heard from many of the speakers. And easy access to up-to-date scientific evidence is vital for global progress. But as we have heard, the process of synthesising that information to deliver rigorous up-to-date summaries of the state of our knowledge is slow and labour-intensive. That bottleneck is holding back development. This is in a context, and we have heard about it from Malawi, we have short time to 2030 and to deliver on our SDG commitments, and we are not on track. As the scientific journal Nature actually put earlier this week in an editorial, and we heard from Isabelle as well, there’s part of the problem is that tens of thousands of research papers and evaluations are gathering dust in institutional vaults. Not physical anymore, but digital. But still… that they are not used, and rather than being available to inform policy and practice around the world. Just an example, infectious disease interventions in, around the Zika outbreak in South America in 2015 was a big challenge. A systematic review begun in May 2016 and identified and synthesized more than 700 papers on the topic, but by the time the review came out in January 2017, a further 1,400 papers had been published and had not been integrated in that review, so it meant it was outdated at the day of publication. We also saw during the COVID-19 pandemic, as John just mentioned, that yes, there were a lot of important efforts around the world in synthesizing research evidence, but they were duplicative. There were some great efforts in doing it together, but most countries did it alone. And did it the same, so that is both inefficient and it’s costly. So Wellcome Trust, in collaboration with the UN, we really hope to improve these systems for better timeliness and resource use with a new evidence synthesis infrastructure collaborative. So today I am announcing that Wellcome’s intention is to provide around 45 million pounds, around $60 million over the coming five years to boost what we can call living evidence synthesis. And several inputs will emerge through this process. However, more of this funding will be sought out through Funding Extremes, which John had just described by the others. Our funding will address three priorities. First, user engagement and capacity building, both of which will be supported through existing knowledge brokers who have trusted relationships with policy makers and the stakeholders in their respective countries. Second, platforms for data sharing and reuse, can reuse these data many times over and be much more efficient. And third, responsible innovation in tools and methods, which will include supporting the use of AI tools in work. flows, where it can be done safely, transparently, and responsibly, and crucially, without worsening discrimination or perpetuating inequities. So a community of different organizations already undertake these living evidence synthesis. We heard about the coalition, but there’s little support for shared foundational work so that we can be more effective together. Partnership and global coordination sit at the heart of our plans. We want to build on, definitely not duplicate, existing efforts. So we warmly welcome Lord Patrick Wallen’s announcement just now on funding from the UK government. We want to work with UK Economic and Social Research Council to bring together other research funders in a more joined-up approach to supporting this important work internationally. These are global public goods. It doesn’t make sense if we cannot really collectively invest. So we are just two funders now today around the table. Others are funding other parts of this ecosystem, but we need to do it more joined up. We will work closely with all actors in the area of living evidence, such as the Cochrane and Campbell collaborations, and collaborate with the UN Global Synthesis Coalition. So this system-wide investment from our end will complement existing and future investments we already do on specific areas, like, as John said, climate and health, mental health, and infectious diseases. And we hope other funders will take other priority areas within health, but indeed across all of the SDGs. It’s crucial that evidence professionals can spend less time on the laborious elements of conducting reviews, and more on understanding problems, engaging with policymakers. We know that that’s the major gap in really bringing evidence to decisions and implementation. And then to create products that will be genuinely useful to drive change in that local context. Because putting the best and timely evidence in the hands of decision-makers who need it is how science can best help us solve the urgent challenges. to be faced. So thank you.

Andrea Cook: So thank you Isabelle, John and John-Arne for your insightful and inspiring presentations on what may be possible and some of the resources that can come together to help to deliver that. It’s truly inspiring. I hope everyone else is as inspired as I am sitting around this table today. So now we’re going to delve deeper into the perspectives of key stakeholders in this endeavor and first of all we will turn to Ambassador Ana Jiménez de la Hoz from Spain who is going to explain how this work is of interest to Spain to share insights on why and also Spain’s involvement in the global SDG synthesis coalition as a founder and how that connects with the the vision for global SDG achievement. Over to you Ana. Thank you.

Ana Jimenez: Thank you very much Andrea for for giving me the floor and for the invitation to this important meeting and also to the previous speakers for all the wisdom and all the experiences they have shared so far. So from my side as you mentioned I’m going to share the importance that this issue has for Spain and some of the implications that we see it can have for some of the streams of where we are involved in. First of all for us evaluation is not like an add-on. It’s really the backbone for the successful implementation of Agenda 2030. It’s only by having evidence by having an evaluation of what’s working what is not working that we can really make progress. So we take this issue very seriously nationally and also in the context of the UN system. Here in the previous presentations, of course, we are very impressed by the work that the Synthesis Coalition is doing. We think it’s a very good living example of what we member states want to see coming out of the United Nations. In this context is the United Nations development system coming together with these 40-plus entities, working, producing this evidence that we need to make decisions. And we think that the example of this collaboration can also be an inspiration maybe for other parts of the UN system to come together in other processes and to work and produce very concrete results. We think that it’s a great opportunity, the Synthesis Coalition, to see what’s working, what is not working, and how to escalate what is working. Because at the end of the day, the achievement of the SDGs is such a colossal undertaking that we also need to think very big when we find that there’s evidence that works, how we can make it widely shared and how we can make scaling up for the whole of the world. Also another issue that is very important for us in the context of the Synthesis Coalition is the information that can be given to decision makers, and that’s something that other speakers have also shared. And for us, there is a very, very direct connection between this work and what we member states, what we decision makers have to do to make progress in the achievement of Agenda 2030. We think that the Synthesis Coalition is a great example about synergies within the UN system, and there’s much more potential to build on these synergies and to do much more. Another issue that we are particularly interested in, in the implementation of the SDGs is localization. Any other success of the 2030 Agenda is going to be a local success. We can think very big, very widely, very globally, but at the end of the day, it’s only when the SDGs start making a difference in people’s lives that things will change. And in this respect, Spain has been a champion of localization. We host the Secretariat of the Local 2030 Coalition in Spain, and this is an issue in which we are investing a great deal of both financial and political capital. So in this very positive context, we also think there is room for reflection and improvement. And one of these reflections actually touches upon your own office, your own mandate, and how the Synthesis Coalition and the system-wide evaluation office can work better together. Is it possible to find areas of complementarity, synergies, taking into account the different mandates and the different work, the different scope of work? We also think that the coalition, the Synthesis Coalition conclusions and recommendations can play a very important role for the executive boards of the agencies, funds, and programs. We want to find more connection between the work that is being done by the Synthesis Coalition and the discussions that we have as member states when we meet in the executive boards, and we make recommendations to the UN system. So there has to be a very fluid, fluid two-way conversation, so we make sure that your findings, your recommendations, then find the way through us in the recommendation that we make for the UN system. And we also think that this exercise can also elicit a lot of partnership and collaboration. operations, which maybe are not there yet, but can open up the road for that. So that would be sort of in a nutshell some of the issues that I would like to put for discussion. And I thank you again very much for the opportunity of taking part of the conversation.

Andrea Cook: Thank you, Ambassador Jiménez de La hoz, and for grounding your comments in the actual experience that we’ve been living the past two years within the coalition. It’s very helpful. I will now move on to our next speaker. We’re very honored to have Ambassador Martin Kimani join us as the Executive Director of NYU’s Center on International Cooperation and Kenya’s former permanent representative to the United Nations. Ambassador Kimani brings a wealth of experience in diplomacy and conflict resolution, and a passion for evidence. Ambassador Kimani, we look forward to hearing your insights on how international institutions and academia can better contribute to the topic for our discussions today. Over to you today, over to you.

Martin Kimani: Thank you very much, Andrea, and good afternoon. I don’t have much time, otherwise I’d give you lots of stories about how being in government means events move faster than your knowledge. And so you act before you think it all the way through. And you act usually on the basis of who you trust. And so the evidence to the people who are trusted is very important. At CRAC, we have the conviction that SDG 16 is going to be key to accelerating the fulfillment of the SDGs by 2030. And so we… do a lot of work to generate evidence on what works in SDG 16 and how can we get what works in the hands of coalitions of action that bring together officials, civil society, UN organizations and try and bring that evidence to the policy process. We do that through the building of an inequality solutions portal which is a live resource of about a hundred policies from 36 countries that cover issues from social protection to housing reform, just transitions, etc. We have a justice action coalition that we are a part of and are an important driver of which is a multi-stakeholder alliance of countries and organizations working to achieve measurable progress in justice outcomes. And just earlier today we were at the New York launch of the halving global violence task force report which brings, which analyzes a role of interpersonal violence, the impact of interpersonal violence and what evidence there is of how to cut it in half. And this is work that is being done by coalitions on the ground. We heard from the mayor of a Colombian city who had used evidence to reduce violence in the community to a 17-year low. We also work through a gender equality network for small arms control which works to reduce the impact of arms, small arms in engendered violence. The reason I bring these up other than to advertise our work is that the evidence is needed in such complex and varying ways. And so it’s very important for us to have the evidence produced by think tanks, produced by synthesis, produced by the different efforts that are going on within the world of technology, but align groups that are oriented towards action because ultimately the evidence must be brought to the ground. And so these coalitions generate trust, they generate solidarity, and they generate the momentum, the political and policy momentum. I’ll finish here with something that Bob and Anna here know, which is even before we get to the successful implementation of the SDGs by 2030, delegations here are drowning in paper and ability for experts to get synthesized evidence just from the vast trove of reports and resolutions and statements that are made here at the UN is critically important because only a few missions, actually no mission is not drowning in the process, but there’s so many missions that have very few experts, there are missions that have just less than five people working in them, and it’s going to be very crucial to bring the kind of, this coalition on evidence synthesis, I would highly recommend that you bring your attention to the United Nations. And by equalizing delegations here at the UN, they’ll be better able to engage in the debates on SDGs, and I think that will go some ways to supporting their governments. Congratulations to the launch of this exciting, exciting tool and thank you very much for inviting me to the meeting. Thank you.

Andrea Cook: Thank you, Martin. I’ll now move to the other member of our organizing team for this event, which is the International Network of Government Science Advice, and we’re now going to hear from Dr. Justine Germo-Unswunji. I hope I said that well. Justine is a plant biotechnologist and science policy expert, and she’s going to share INGSA’s perspective on strengthening the science policy interface. Over to you, Justine. Thank you.

Justine Germo Nzweundji: Thank you, Andrea. I’m very happy to be part of this important panel. I’m a member of the chairing committee of INGSA in Africa. INGSA is the International Network for Governmental Science Advice. It’s an organization gathering about 6,000 members around the world at the interface of science and policy. Those members are from about more than 100 countries. So INGSA works with individuals and organizations or institutions in terms of reinforce their capacity on science advice and also enhance evidence-informed policymaking. So my personal experience, I’ve been active through INGSA since the creation of the African chapter, and it has been a very exciting experience. On the other hand, also we have now artificial intelligence, which is the topic. INGSA community is also excited to use artificial intelligent tools in terms of gathering information, more information, wider information, timely information. And INGSA and partners are really looking forward to see how they can use artificial intelligence evidence synthesis tools in their work every day. I would just want to point out a few points. The first is the question framing, when we talk about science advice. We should be able to have input from different perspective. If not, we will be responding to the wrong question. So, this need then to be done in an inclusive way with a lot of collaboration. Another point that I want to point out is the evidence synthesis. Need to choose the right evidence. Inclusion and the diverse perspective also is important. But what I will mention here is we can take that vision in terms of field of research, in terms of language. Because some evidence can be available from one language and not for another languages, yes. In terms also of origin of evidence, where does it come from? Is it enough available, yeah. And the third point that I want to mention is the context of implementation. I heard during the presentation of the coalition the context of implementation. So, how will evidence will be carried out in a specific area? What was successful at the global level will it be implemented in another area? What training and resources needs to be part of the policy prescribing so that the global solution are relevant and also manageable in a local context under a specific condition. So, we talk about the culture, the linguistic, the economic, also the infrastructure. So, those three element, I think with the new coalition inside is ready to work closely to have better results in their work. And then specific because when we talk about science policy, When we talk about science advice or advocacy, there are two main elements which is really important. Those elements are evidence gathering, evidence synthesis. So with the tools that the coalition is presenting today, I think INSA is really ready to work together to have the better solution in their work. Thank you so much.

Andrea Cook: Thank you, Justine. And thanks for Ana, Martin, and Justine for really starting to ground this in the practical realities of what this needs to respond to. I’m now going to turn to Dr. Karla Soares-Weiser, the Editor-in-Chief of Cochrane, and Will Moy, the Chief Executive Officer of the Campbell Collaboration, who will give their perspectives from the producers of this work. Just please be mindful of time. We have four more speakers, including the two of you to go. So just keep it nice and short. Thank you. Over to you, Karla.

Karla Soares-Weiser: Thank you. Excellencies, distinguished guests, and colleagues. Today, I speak as part of a global effort to transform how we produce and use evidence. Campbell, Cochrane, and JBI, along with many others, are committed to make evidence centers more timely, relevant, and equitable. We fully support the principles of Show Me the Evidence, particularly the harmonizing global efforts to ensure equity and balance. As AI reshapes the landscape, we are excited to harness its potential while ensuring proper regulation and ethical use. One thing is clear. None of us can achieve this alone. Global challenges are complex, and if we are to contribute to the sustainable development goals, we must work together. Cochrane’s new scientific strategy focuses on key SDGs related to maternal, newborn, and child health, infectious disease, climate health, and multiple chronic conditions. We are committed to produce evidence in an inclusive way so that those most affected by health challenges can lead, contribute, and participate fully in decision making. Our goal is simple, to make evidence timely, relevant, and accessible to all. This shared commitment united us here today. And we are deeply grateful to the Malawian UK government, ESRC, welcome, the Global SDG Coalition, and a special thanks to John Laves from the Global Evidence Commission for bringing us at this moment. Thanks to your leadership, we now have a real opportunity to make a difference together. Thank you.

Andrea Cook: Will.

Will Moy: I, of course, agree with everything Carla says, and she speaks, I think, for the whole global evidence synthesis production community. Billions of people could be better off if we only used the evidence we already have and the research budgets we already have more effectively, and that’s what evidence synthesis should do. Everybody who makes decisions about the hardest problems in the world should have access to everything the world needs, knows, to solve those problems in one convenient place, whether they are sitting in a government building like this, or whether they are a teacher, a clinician, or a law enforcement officer, anywhere in the world. That’s the promise that has been made possible by these visionary investments today, and we are extremely grateful to the funders who have made those choices, and to everybody who has brought us to this stage. As somebody who only joined the Campbell Collaboration a year ago, I recognize that decades of work have gone into proving this possibility and bringing us to this point, and the years ahead are now very exciting and hard-earned by many people. I am just delighted to stand shoulder-to-shoulder with my colleagues at Cochrane, with JBI, and so many other people in the synthesis community to deliver this, and we recognize the moral responsibility on us all to make the transformative changes we can make. over the next few years thanks to this investment and the opportunity these two leading funders have created for other funders to step in and get extraordinary value for money and ultimately achieve comprehensive evidence synthesis across the entire set of the Sustainable Development Goals. Thank you all very much.

Andrea Cook: So thank you Will and Karla. We now have a slight change of tack because we’re now turning to the bridge between these seasoned experts, ministers, policy leaders and we’re going to turn now to hear from the generation that will inherit the world which the SDGs will deliver, hopefully a better and more equitable world. So we’re now going to turn to two youth reporters. Firstly Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni from India who is a Master of Public Administration at Columbia University and Reuben Pohl, a medical student at Oxford University and at Yale from Germany and we look forward to hearing their insights on leveraging evidence for effective decision-making and achievement SDGs and really bringing in their hopes as young people working at the beginning of their career to help drive forward a better future for us all. Krishna.

Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni: Thank you Andrea and it’s not easy to speak after these many distinguished speakers. From my childhood and from yours we have seen poverty, we have seen hunger and now we are speaking about climate change. All these challenges persist despite having countless well-crafted policies and significant efforts in drafting and implementing greater policies. This often leaves me wondering, what’s missing? The answer lies in evidence and access to the evidence. Without solid evidence, we can’t determine what works well, what doesn’t work, which policies truly create change and which doesn’t. Thanks to technological advancements, we now have access to vast amounts of data. Emerging technologies like AI are helping us in harnessing this data to generate evidence. If we use it effectively and responsibly, we can unlock untapped potential to drive better policies. As we celebrate the progress made in utilizing evidence and also the investment supporting this, we must keep in mind, a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. To truly leave no one behind, we must ensure the power of evidence reaches all, regardless of its nation’s size, capacity or resources. It is often the most vulnerable populations, the youth and the small territories that face the most pressing challenges. Overlooking them puts the entire system at risk. Policy failures doesn’t have boundaries, as COVID has shown us. This calls for, and I reiterate what all the distinguished speakers have stressed, the need for international cooperation. And who is the most important in all of this? The youth. They are the immediate future, the ones most impacted by today’s policies. Even the Pact for Future calls for the increased investment in youth and their meaningful participation in the decision making. Thank you.

Reuben Pohl: Good afternoon, and thank you very much to the esteemed panel from whom we’ve heard today, and thank you to the organizers for bringing this incredible event together. When discussing the Pact of the Future, Antonio Guterres emphasized the need for youth to be involved in the decision making process. directly. To achieve this, we need to broaden the decision-making process to involve anyone affected regardless of age, background, or power within the existing systems. Throughout the talks today, we have heard about new initiatives to make evidence-based decision-making more accessible and inclusive, to rely more on evidence, and to get better at knowing which evidence is reliable, and finally, to harness AI responsibly to learn more from the data that we collect. Several developments have already contributed to advancing these goals and to make the local experience more familiar. Citizen science initiatives are forming bonds between communities and researchers. Community outreach and accountability programs ensure that the knowledge we develop serves those who are affected by it most. As we develop new tools and methodologies, it will be critical to share these broadly. On an international level, we need to ensure that everyone has access to our shared knowledge, but we also need to learn to listen more deeply. We need to make our knowledge base broader by diversifying who produces evidence, who shares evidence, and which systems we consider trustworthy. If we want our efforts to serve the whole world, then those efforts should originate from and be supported by the whole world. Fueled by advances in digital technologies, organizations represented here today have already made significant strides toward that direction. As we develop new technologies, we have ever more potential to break down the remaining barriers. With AI, this trend will become even more apparent, and it is on us to harness it responsibly and to create the future that we hope for. Thank you very much.

Andrea Cook: So thank you to Krishna and to Reuben. So now I’m very pleased to hand over to Kerry Albright, the Principal Advisor and Deputy Director at the UNICEF Evaluation Office and Co-Chair of the Global STG Synthesis Coalition, who will bring us to a close. Over to you, Kerry.

Kerry Albright: Thank you, Andrea. Your Excellencies, distinguished delegates, dear partners and audience members. My job today is relatively simple, I think. It’s just to give votes of thanks to everybody who was involved in organizing this event. So it’s my great pleasure to be able to draw the Summit of the Future Action Day side event to a conclusion today. I hope that when you leave today’s event, you’ll leave as I am doing, feeling really excited and stimulated about what you’ve heard. What you’ve heard in this room is both a collective commitment, but also a sense of responsibility to really do something radically different together, not in isolation, to accelerate delivery of the STGs, based both on insights from vastly underutilized sources of evidence, but also very practical actions and next steps. It’s time to capitalize upon that momentum and to really seize this unique moment, I think, for transformational change. Events like this don’t come together overnight. I’d like to acknowledge the hard work of senior officials and other colleagues from the organizing partners, including the Malawi mission to the UN, the UK mission to the UN, UK Research and Innovation, UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, the International Network for Government and Health Science Advice, the UN STG system-wide evaluation office, and the many, many UN agencies, member states, and civil society partners making up the Global STG Synthesis Coalition. On behalf of all of the organizing partners, I’d also like to thank all of our distinguished speakers for your time today. We’ve heard really groundbreaking and transformational announcements and statements of support from many people here, the governments of Canada, Malawi, United Kingdom, and Spain, as well as from the Wellcome Trust. We’ve heard from important civil society partners and leading thinkers in the evidence synthesis and science policy. So, thank you here to colleagues from the Global Commission on Evidence to Address Societal Challenges, New York University, Cochrane, Campbell Collaboration. Many thanks for your trust and for your collaborative mindsets and helping us really to think through how we shape a bigger, better, collective vision to accelerate use of evidence to drive forward delivery of the STGs. We’ve also heard from our two fantastic youth reporters, Krishna and Ruben. The Summit of the Future, as both of them said, really rightly places an emphasis on the voices and opinions of future leaders, and this will be at the heart of our conversations in coming days. The STGs lays out a blueprint for a better world for future generations, as Andrea said, and we all need to take that responsibility, nothing about us without us, listen to colleagues around the room, future generations very seriously. And finally, of course, I’d like to thank all of you. I mean, it’s such a packed room, far more than we’d anticipated here today, especially in the light of such a rich and stimulating program and choice of events. Please do join us, help us in delivering a more sustainable, equitable, and peaceful world that is transformed by multiple forms of evidence and multiple voices. Finally, practically, I’d like to invite those of you who pre-registered for the reception event at the UK Consulate to make your way over there now. Officials from the organizing team will be very happy to show you the way. For other attendees, thank you very much once again for your support, and I believe the closing ceremony, we’re not too far over, for the Summit of the Future Action Days is now taking place in the Yirkasak Council Chamber upstairs, should you like to attend. Thank you again, and the session is formally adjourned.

A

Andrea Cook

Speech speed

115 words per minute

Speech length

1703 words

Speech time

882 seconds

Evidence synthesis is crucial for accelerating SDG progress

Explanation

Andrea Cook emphasizes the importance of evidence synthesis in driving progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). She suggests that synthesizing evidence can help bridge gaps and bring evidence to the forefront at various levels of decision-making.

Evidence

Cook mentions the need to explore the transformative power of science, digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and international collaboration to accelerate the achievement of the SDGs.

Major Discussion Point

The importance of evidence synthesis for achieving the SDGs

Agreed with

Simplex Chitiola Banda

Bob Rae

Isabelle Mercier

John-Arne Røttingen

Agreed on

Evidence synthesis is crucial for accelerating SDG progress

J

John-Arne Røttingen

Speech speed

156 words per minute

Speech length

805 words

Speech time

309 seconds

Lack of access to evidence is holding back development

Explanation

John-Arne Røttingen argues that the difficulty in accessing up-to-date scientific evidence is impeding global progress. He points out that the process of synthesizing information to deliver rigorous summaries of current knowledge is slow and labor-intensive, creating a bottleneck in development.

Evidence

Røttingen cites the example of the Zika outbreak in 2015, where a systematic review begun in May 2016 was outdated by the time it was published in January 2017 due to the rapid publication of new research papers.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

Agreed with

Lord Vallance

Bob Rae

Agreed on

The role of technology and AI in enhancing evidence synthesis

S

Simplex Chitiola Banda

Speech speed

107 words per minute

Speech length

632 words

Speech time

352 seconds

Evidence synthesis can help identify what works and what doesn’t

Explanation

Simplex Chitiola Banda emphasizes the importance of evidence synthesis in determining effective policies and practices. He suggests that synthesizing evidence can help policymakers understand which interventions are successful and which are not, leading to more informed decision-making.

Evidence

Banda mentions Malawi’s commitment to evidence-based policymaking and their involvement in the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition as examples of their dedication to this approach.

Major Discussion Point

The importance of evidence synthesis for achieving the SDGs

Agreed with

Andrea Cook

Bob Rae

Isabelle Mercier

John-Arne Røttingen

Agreed on

Evidence synthesis is crucial for accelerating SDG progress

L

Lord Vallance

Speech speed

118 words per minute

Speech length

359 words

Speech time

182 seconds

AI and technology can enhance evidence synthesis capabilities

Explanation

Lord Vallance highlights the potential of artificial intelligence and technology to improve evidence synthesis. He suggests that these tools can help analyze and interpret the latest evidence more efficiently and effectively.

Evidence

Lord Vallance announces the UK government’s investment of £11.5 million in a new program to catalyze AI-driven evidence synthesis, aiming to create comprehensive suites of AI-supported evidence synthesis products.

Major Discussion Point

Initiatives and investments to improve evidence synthesis and use

Agreed with

Bob Rae

John-Arne Røttingen

Agreed on

The role of technology and AI in enhancing evidence synthesis

B

Bob Rae

Speech speed

149 words per minute

Speech length

1401 words

Speech time

562 seconds

International collaboration is key for effective evidence synthesis

Explanation

Bob Rae emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in gathering and synthesizing evidence. He argues that collaboration is essential to address global challenges and ensure that evidence-based solutions are accessible to all countries.

Evidence

Rae mentions his role in co-chairing the co-facilitation of the Doha Declaration and highlights the disparities in access to technical and financial resources between developed and developing countries.

Major Discussion Point

The importance of evidence synthesis for achieving the SDGs

Agreed with

Andrea Cook

Simplex Chitiola Banda

Isabelle Mercier

John-Arne Røttingen

Agreed on

Evidence synthesis is crucial for accelerating SDG progress

Inequalities exist in access to digital technologies and AI

Explanation

Bob Rae points out the significant disparities in access to digital technologies and AI between developed and developing countries. He argues that this inequality could lead to further gaps in development and progress towards the SDGs.

Evidence

Rae cites statistics showing that less than 15% of LDCs have access to advanced digital technologies, and about 19% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa lives outside of mobile broadband coverage.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

Agreed with

Lord Vallance

John-Arne Røttingen

Agreed on

The role of technology and AI in enhancing evidence synthesis

I

Isabelle Mercier

Speech speed

154 words per minute

Speech length

941 words

Speech time

366 seconds

Evidence is often scattered and underutilized

Explanation

Isabelle Mercier highlights the problem of valuable research being overlooked or underused. She argues that there is a wealth of insights buried in scattered and forgotten research that could be valuable for achieving the SDGs.

Evidence

Mercier mentions the formation of the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition, which unites 45 UN agencies and other partners to turn fragmented information into structured, accessible, and actionable insights.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

Agreed with

Andrea Cook

Simplex Chitiola Banda

Bob Rae

John-Arne Røttingen

Agreed on

Evidence synthesis is crucial for accelerating SDG progress

M

Martin Kimani

Speech speed

127 words per minute

Speech length

591 words

Speech time

278 seconds

Policymakers face time constraints in accessing evidence

Explanation

Martin Kimani highlights the challenge policymakers face in accessing and using evidence due to time constraints. He argues that events often move faster than knowledge acquisition, leading to actions based on trust rather than comprehensive evidence.

Evidence

Kimani mentions the work of the Center on International Cooperation in generating evidence on SDG 16 and bringing it to policy processes through coalitions of action.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

Agreed with

John-Arne Røttingen

Justine Germo Nzweundji

Karla Soares-Weiser

Will Moy

Agreed on

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

J

Justine Germo Nzweundji

Speech speed

128 words per minute

Speech length

486 words

Speech time

227 seconds

Language and cultural barriers affect evidence accessibility

Explanation

Justine Germo Nzweundji points out that language and cultural differences can create barriers to accessing and using evidence. She argues that evidence synthesis needs to consider diverse perspectives and sources to be truly inclusive and effective.

Evidence

Nzweundji mentions the importance of considering evidence from different languages and origins to ensure a comprehensive synthesis.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

Agreed with

John-Arne Røttingen

Martin Kimani

Karla Soares-Weiser

Will Moy

Agreed on

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

K

Karla Soares-Weiser

Speech speed

111 words per minute

Speech length

233 words

Speech time

125 seconds

Evidence synthesis needs to be timely and relevant

Explanation

Karla Soares-Weiser emphasizes the need for evidence synthesis to be timely and relevant to decision-makers. She argues that evidence centers should focus on making their work more accessible and applicable to real-world policy needs.

Evidence

Soares-Weiser mentions Cochrane’s new scientific strategy focusing on key SDGs related to maternal, newborn, and child health, infectious disease, climate health, and multiple chronic conditions.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

Agreed with

John-Arne Røttingen

Martin Kimani

Justine Germo Nzweundji

Will Moy

Agreed on

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

W

Will Moy

Speech speed

160 words per minute

Speech length

279 words

Speech time

104 seconds

Evidence synthesis needs to be timely and relevant

Explanation

Will Moy emphasizes the importance of making evidence synthesis timely and relevant for decision-makers. He argues that everyone making decisions about complex global problems should have easy access to synthesized evidence from around the world.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

Agreed with

John-Arne Røttingen

Martin Kimani

Justine Germo Nzweundji

Karla Soares-Weiser

Agreed on

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

A

Ana Jiménez de la Hoz

Speech speed

0 words per minute

Speech length

0 words

Speech time

1 seconds

Spain championing localization of SDGs and evidence use

Explanation

Ana Jiménez de la Hoz highlights Spain’s commitment to localizing the SDGs and promoting evidence-based policymaking. She emphasizes the importance of making SDG implementation relevant at the local level and using evidence to inform decision-making.

Evidence

Jiménez de la Hoz mentions that Spain hosts the Secretariat of the Local 2030 Coalition and is investing both financial and political capital in localization efforts.

Major Discussion Point

Initiatives and investments to improve evidence synthesis and use

K

Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni

Speech speed

142 words per minute

Speech length

288 words

Speech time

121 seconds

Youth should be involved in decision-making processes

Explanation

Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni argues for the importance of involving youth in decision-making processes related to the SDGs. He emphasizes that young people are the immediate future and are most impacted by today’s policies.

Evidence

Pandalaneni references the Pact for Future, which calls for increased investment in youth and their meaningful participation in decision-making.

Major Discussion Point

The role of youth and future generations in evidence-based policymaking

Youth are the immediate future and most impacted by today’s policies

Explanation

Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni emphasizes that young people are the ones who will be most affected by current policy decisions. He argues that their involvement in decision-making processes is crucial for addressing future challenges effectively.

Major Discussion Point

The role of youth and future generations in evidence-based policymaking

R

Reuben Pohl

Speech speed

129 words per minute

Speech length

320 words

Speech time

148 seconds

Citizen science initiatives can bridge communities and researchers

Explanation

Reuben Pohl highlights the potential of citizen science initiatives to create connections between communities and researchers. He argues that these initiatives can help make local experiences more familiar and relevant in the research process.

Major Discussion Point

The role of youth and future generations in evidence-based policymaking

Evidence needs to serve those most affected by policies

Explanation

Reuben Pohl emphasizes the importance of ensuring that evidence and knowledge serve those who are most affected by policies. He argues for the need to make the decision-making process more inclusive and responsive to diverse perspectives.

Evidence

Pohl mentions community outreach and accountability programs as examples of efforts to ensure that knowledge serves those most affected by it.

Major Discussion Point

The role of youth and future generations in evidence-based policymaking

Diversity in evidence production and sharing is crucial

Explanation

Reuben Pohl argues for the importance of diversity in the production and sharing of evidence. He emphasizes the need to broaden the knowledge base by including diverse voices and perspectives in the evidence synthesis process.

Major Discussion Point

The role of youth and future generations in evidence-based policymaking

Agreements

Agreement Points

Evidence synthesis is crucial for accelerating SDG progress

Speakers

Andrea Cook

Simplex Chitiola Banda

Bob Rae

Isabelle Mercier

John-Arne Røttingen

Arguments

Evidence synthesis is crucial for accelerating SDG progress

Evidence synthesis can help identify what works and what doesn’t

International collaboration is key for effective evidence synthesis

Evidence is often scattered and underutilized

Lack of access to evidence is holding back development

Summary

Multiple speakers emphasized the importance of evidence synthesis in driving progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by identifying effective interventions and policies.

Challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking

Speakers

John-Arne Røttingen

Martin Kimani

Justine Germo Nzweundji

Karla Soares-Weiser

Will Moy

Arguments

Lack of access to evidence is holding back development

Policymakers face time constraints in accessing evidence

Language and cultural barriers affect evidence accessibility

Evidence synthesis needs to be timely and relevant

Summary

Several speakers highlighted various challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking, including time constraints, language barriers, and the need for timely and relevant synthesis.

The role of technology and AI in enhancing evidence synthesis

Speakers

Lord Vallance

Bob Rae

John-Arne Røttingen

Arguments

AI and technology can enhance evidence synthesis capabilities

Inequalities exist in access to digital technologies and AI

Lack of access to evidence is holding back development

Summary

Speakers discussed the potential of AI and technology to improve evidence synthesis while also acknowledging the inequalities in access to these technologies.

Similar Viewpoints

Both speakers emphasized the importance of involving youth in decision-making processes and ensuring that evidence serves those most affected by policies, particularly future generations.

Speakers

Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni

Reuben Pohl

Arguments

Youth should be involved in decision-making processes

Youth are the immediate future and most impacted by today’s policies

Evidence needs to serve those most affected by policies

Diversity in evidence production and sharing is crucial

Unexpected Consensus

Localization of SDGs and evidence use

Speakers

Ana Jiménez de la Hoz

Reuben Pohl

Arguments

Spain championing localization of SDGs and evidence use

Citizen science initiatives can bridge communities and researchers

Explanation

Despite representing different perspectives (government and youth), both speakers emphasized the importance of localizing SDG implementation and involving communities in the research and evidence-gathering process.

Overall Assessment

Summary

The main areas of agreement included the importance of evidence synthesis for SDG progress, challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking, the role of technology and AI in enhancing evidence synthesis, and the need for inclusive and diverse approaches to evidence production and use.

Consensus level

There was a high level of consensus among speakers on the importance of evidence synthesis and the need for improved access to evidence. This consensus suggests a strong foundation for collaborative efforts to enhance evidence-based policymaking for SDG achievement. However, there were also nuanced perspectives on implementation challenges and the role of different stakeholders, indicating the need for continued dialogue and diverse approaches to address these issues.

Disagreements

Overall Assessment

Summary

There were no significant disagreements among the speakers. The discussion was largely characterized by agreement on the importance of evidence synthesis, the need for international collaboration, and the potential of AI and technology in advancing SDG progress.

Disagreement level

The level of disagreement among the speakers was minimal. This high level of agreement implies a strong consensus on the importance of evidence-based decision-making and the need for improved access to synthesized evidence for achieving the SDGs. However, it also suggests that the discussion may have lacked diverse perspectives or critical challenges to the proposed approaches.

Partial Agreements

Partial Agreements

Both speakers agree on the importance of AI and technology in evidence synthesis, but Bob Rae emphasizes the existing inequalities in access to these technologies, while Lord Vallance focuses on their potential benefits without addressing the access issue.

Speakers

Bob Rae

Lord Vallance

Arguments

Inequalities exist in access to digital technologies and AI

AI and technology can enhance evidence synthesis capabilities

Similar Viewpoints

Both speakers emphasized the importance of involving youth in decision-making processes and ensuring that evidence serves those most affected by policies, particularly future generations.

Speakers

Krishna Kishore Pandalaneni

Reuben Pohl

Arguments

Youth should be involved in decision-making processes

Youth are the immediate future and most impacted by today’s policies

Evidence needs to serve those most affected by policies

Diversity in evidence production and sharing is crucial

Takeaways

Key Takeaways

Evidence synthesis is crucial for accelerating progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

There are significant challenges in accessing and using evidence for policymaking, including scattered information, time constraints, and inequalities in access to technology

Major initiatives and investments are being launched to improve evidence synthesis and use, including the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition and significant funding from the UK government and Wellcome Trust

Youth involvement and diverse perspectives are essential for effective evidence-based policymaking and SDG achievement

Resolutions and Action Items

UK government to invest £11.5 million in AI-driven evidence synthesis

Wellcome Trust to commit £45 million to living evidence synthesis over 5 years

Global SDG Synthesis Coalition to develop synthesis reports on various SDG topics, including peace and social protection

ECOSOC President to call special meetings on AI and evidence use for SDGs

Cochrane and Campbell Collaboration to support global evidence synthesis efforts

Unresolved Issues

How to ensure equitable access to AI and digital technologies across all countries

How to effectively integrate local context and knowledge into global evidence synthesis

How to balance the speed of AI-driven synthesis with the need for rigorous and ethical evidence production

How to sustainably fund and coordinate global evidence synthesis efforts beyond initial investments

Suggested Compromises

Balancing global evidence synthesis with localization of SDGs and evidence use

Combining AI-driven methods with human expertise and ethical considerations in evidence synthesis

Integrating multiple forms of evidence and voices, including youth perspectives, in policymaking processes

Thought Provoking Comments

We are on the cusp of having every impact study in the world about education with all the data extracted, with all the risk of bias assessments done. And once that’s done, it can be served up in many different ways. It can be served up by best buys. It can be served up by broad approach like peer tutoring. It can be served up by branded programs. So if politicians are being lobbied, they can look to see what the evidence is.

Speaker

John Lavis

Reason

This comment provides a concrete vision for how synthesized evidence could be made accessible and actionable for decision-makers in unprecedented ways.

Impact

It shifted the conversation from abstract concepts to tangible possibilities, inspiring excitement about the potential real-world applications of the evidence synthesis work being discussed.

As AI reshapes the landscape, we are excited to harness its potential while ensuring proper regulation and ethical use. One thing is clear. None of us can achieve this alone. Global challenges are complex, and if we are to contribute to the sustainable development goals, we must work together.

Speaker

Karla Soares-Weiser

Reason

This comment thoughtfully addresses both the opportunities and challenges presented by AI in evidence synthesis, while emphasizing the need for collaboration.

Impact

It helped frame AI as a tool to be carefully leveraged rather than an automatic solution, and reinforced the importance of partnership across organizations and sectors.

We are at a real inflection point in the life of the world. We have a new technology that’s coming available. We have a challenge before us with respect to the sustainable development goals, which, as I call them, are really just the common sense of humankind. What do we need to be able to do in order to live decent lives? That’s what the sustainable development goals are, nothing more and nothing less. But if we do not marshal all these resources, we will be even worse off, frankly, than we are today in terms of the fundamental challenge, which is not that we don’t have prosperity among us. We do. Not that we don’t have exciting technological discussion going on. We all do. The problem is we don’t have available to everyone, and many people are being left badly behind.

Speaker

Bob Rae

Reason

This comment powerfully frames the SDGs as fundamental human needs and highlights the urgency of leveraging new technologies to address global inequalities.

Impact

It set a tone of moral imperative for the discussion, emphasizing that the work being discussed is not just about efficiency but about fundamental human wellbeing and equity.

Today I am announcing that Wellcome’s intention is to provide around 45 million pounds, around $60 million over the coming five years to boost what we can call living evidence synthesis.

Speaker

John-Arne Røttingen

Reason

This announcement of significant funding demonstrates concrete commitment to the ideas being discussed.

Impact

It shifted the conversation from theoretical possibilities to practical implementation, giving weight and momentum to the initiatives being proposed.

Overall Assessment

These key comments shaped the discussion by grounding abstract concepts in concrete possibilities, emphasizing the moral imperative of the work, highlighting the need for careful and collaborative approaches to new technologies, and demonstrating tangible commitment through funding announcements. They collectively moved the conversation from theoretical discussion to practical action, while maintaining a focus on the ultimate goal of improving human lives through better use of evidence in pursuit of the SDGs.

Follow-up Questions

How can we ensure equitable access to AI and digital technologies across all countries, particularly in least developed countries?

Speaker

Bob Rae

Explanation

This is crucial to prevent widening inequality gaps as AI advances

How can we combat disinformation and misuse of social media that hinders progress on SDGs?

Speaker

Bob Rae

Explanation

Addressing this is essential for building public support for SDG efforts

How can the Synthesis Coalition and UN system-wide evaluation office work better together?

Speaker

Ana Jiménez de la Hoz

Explanation

Finding synergies between these efforts could improve overall effectiveness

How can the Synthesis Coalition’s work be better integrated into UN executive board discussions?

Speaker

Ana Jiménez de la Hoz

Explanation

This could help ensure findings inform UN system recommendations

How can evidence synthesis tools be applied to help UN delegations better process the large volume of reports and resolutions?

Speaker

Martin Kimani

Explanation

This could help smaller delegations engage more effectively in SDG debates

How can we ensure evidence synthesis includes diverse perspectives in terms of research fields, languages, and origins?

Speaker

Justine Germo Nzweundji

Explanation

This is important for creating truly comprehensive and inclusive evidence

How can we ensure global evidence and solutions are relevant and implementable in local contexts?

Speaker

Justine Germo Nzweundji

Explanation

This is crucial for effective implementation of SDG efforts globally

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed.

A Digital Future for All (afternoon sessions)

A Digital Future for All (afternoon sessions)

Session at a Glance

Summary

This discussion focused on the Global Digital Compact (GDC) and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in shaping a digital future that benefits humanity. The event brought together leaders from government, technology, civil society, and international organizations to explore how to harness digital technologies and AI for sustainable development while addressing potential risks.

Key themes included the importance of inclusivity, bridging the digital divide, and ensuring AI governance is rooted in human rights. Speakers emphasized the need for multi-stakeholder cooperation and global governance frameworks to guide AI development. The United Nations was highlighted as uniquely positioned to facilitate this process due to its global reach and legitimacy.

Participants discussed both the transformative potential of AI to accelerate progress on sustainable development goals and the need to mitigate risks like bias, privacy concerns, and potential misuse. The importance of building capacity, especially in developing countries, was stressed to prevent an “AI divide” from emerging.

Recommendations from the UN’s High-Level Advisory Body on AI were presented, including proposals for a global AI capacity network, an international scientific panel on AI, and mechanisms to foster inclusive AI development. Speakers noted the urgency of action, given AI’s rapid advancement.

The discussion concluded on an optimistic note, with participants expressing hope that early engagement on AI governance could help steer the technology towards benefiting humanity. However, they emphasized sustained effort and cooperation would be needed to realize this vision of an inclusive, sustainable digital future for all.

Keypoints

Major discussion points:

– The importance of developing AI and digital technologies in an inclusive, ethical way that benefits all of humanity

– The need for global cooperation and governance frameworks for AI, with the UN playing a key role

– Bridging the digital divide and ensuring developing countries can participate in and benefit from AI advancements

– Balancing the opportunities of AI with potential risks and challenges

– Implementing the Global Digital Compact and moving from principles to concrete actions

Overall purpose/goal:

The discussion aimed to highlight the transformative potential of AI and digital technologies while emphasizing the need for responsible development and governance to ensure these technologies benefit all of humanity. It sought to build momentum for global cooperation on AI governance through initiatives like the Global Digital Compact.

Tone:

The overall tone was optimistic and forward-looking, with speakers emphasizing the positive potential of AI while acknowledging challenges. There was a sense of urgency about the need to act quickly to shape AI’s development. The tone became more action-oriented towards the end, focusing on next steps and implementation.

Speakers

Moderators/Facilitators:

– Redi Thlabi – Journalist and TV Host Al Jazeera English

– Tumi Makgabo – In Africa World Wide Media

Speakers:

– Ian Bremmer – Political Scientist, President of Eurasia Group and GZERO Media

– Ebba Busch – Minister for Energy, Business and Industry and Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden

– Sundar Pichai – CEO, Google and Alphabet

– Felix Mutati – Minister of Technology and Science, Zambia

– Margrethe Vestager – Executive Vice President of the European Union

– Rebeca Grynspan – Secretary-General, United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

– Omar Al Olama – Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy and Remote Work in the United Arab Emirates

– Josephine Teo – Minister for Digital Development and Information, Singapore

– Nnenna Nwakanma – Digital Policy, Advocacy and Cooperation Strategist

– Carme Artigas – Former Secretary of State for Digitalisation and AI of Spain and Co-Chair of the Secretary-General’s High-level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence

– James Manyika – Senior VP, Google-Alphabet and Co-Chair of the Secretary-General’s High-level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence

– Vilas Dhar – President and Trustee, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation

– Jian Wang – CTO and Founder, Alibaba Cloud

– Volker Türk, High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)

– Alondra Nelson – Harold F. Linder Professor, Institute for Advanced Study

– Mokgweetsi Masisi – President of Botswana

– Amandeep Singh Gill – UN Secretary-General’s Envoy on Technology

– Achim Steiner – Administrator of UNDP

– Doreen Bogdan-Martin – Secretary-General of the ITU

The speakers represent a diverse range of expertise including government leadership, technology industry executives, civil society representatives, academics, and leaders of international organizations. Their areas of focus include artificial intelligence, digital development, human rights, sustainable development, and global governance.

Full session report

The Global Digital Compact and AI Governance: Shaping a Digital Future for All

This high-level discussion brought together diverse leaders from government, technology, civil society, and international organizations to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in shaping an inclusive digital future. The conversation centered on the Global Digital Compact (GDC) and the need for responsible AI development and governance to benefit all of humanity.

Key Themes and Agreements

1. The Global Digital Compact as a Foundation for AI Governance

There was broad consensus on the importance of the Global Digital Compact as a starting point for global AI governance. Speakers like Carme Artigas and Omar Al Olama emphasized the unique position of the United Nations to lead this effort. James Manyika stressed the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, which was echoed by other participants. Volker Turk noted that the GDC builds on existing human rights frameworks, stating, “The Global Digital Compact is firmly anchored in human rights.”

2. AI’s Potential for Sustainable Development

Speakers agreed on AI’s transformative potential to accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals. Felix Mutati highlighted AI’s ability to transform lives in rural areas, saying, “AI has the potential to leapfrog development.” However, many stressed the need to bridge the digital divide to prevent an AI divide, emphasizing the importance of building AI capacity in developing countries.

3. Balancing Innovation and Risk Mitigation

There was general agreement on the need for a balanced approach to AI governance that promotes innovation while mitigating risks. Margrethe Vestager emphasized the importance of enforceable AI regulation, while Carme Artigas highlighted the need to balance innovation and risk mitigation.

4. Human Rights and Community Engagement

Speakers like Volker Turk and Alondra Nelson emphasized the importance of grounding AI governance and development in existing human rights frameworks. Vilas Dhar highlighted the importance of community engagement in AI development, challenging the typical narrative of top-down control in governance.

5. Scientific Research and Understanding of AI

Multiple speakers, including James Manyika, Dr. Wang Jian, and Alondra Nelson, stressed the importance of scientific research to better understand AI systems and their impacts. Manyika proposed “a real-time scientific panel on AI developments,” while Nelson drew parallels to rapid scientific developments during the COVID-19 pandemic.

6. Role of the Private Sector

James Manyika and others discussed the crucial role of the private sector in AI governance. Manyika emphasized the need for collaboration, stating, “We need everybody at the table – governments, civil society, academia, and the private sector.”

7. Capacity Building and Infrastructure

Many speakers emphasized the importance of capacity building and infrastructure development for AI in developing countries. Nnenna Nwakanma’s statement, “Connect the schools. Connect the young people. Connect my children,” refocused the conversation on practical, human-centered outcomes of digital development.

Key Recommendations and Action Items

1. Recommendations from the UN High-Level Advisory Body on AI, as discussed by Ian Bremmer and panelists, including:

– Establishing a global fund for AI for sustainable development

– Creating an international scientific panel on AI

– Developing a global AI capacity-building program

2. Proposal to make an online platform available for public input on the Global Digital Compact after its adoption

3. Emphasis on building AI capacity and infrastructure in developing countries to prevent an AI divide

4. Focus on sustainable and ethical AI development practices, as highlighted by Alondra Nelson

5. Plan to potentially adopt the Global Digital Compact at the upcoming Summit of the Future

Thought-Provoking Insights

1. Vilas Dhar reframed governance as a collaborative process involving multiple stakeholders, not just governments and tech companies.

2. Mokgweetsi Masisi highlighted the interconnection between digital divides, global inequality, and gender disparities.

3. Alondra Nelson acknowledged the limitations of current knowledge about AI systems, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and understanding.

Unresolved Issues and Future Directions

Despite the productive discussion, several issues remain to be addressed:

1. Specific mechanisms for enforcing AI governance globally

2. Details on implementation of the proposed global fund on AI

3. How to effectively balance AI development with sustainability and climate concerns

4. Concrete steps to ensure AI benefits reach marginalized communities

In conclusion, the discussion demonstrated a high level of consensus on fundamental principles and goals for AI governance, providing a strong foundation for global cooperation. The conversation evolved from high-level policy talk to considering concrete actions and their impacts on diverse communities, particularly in the Global South. The Global Digital Compact emerges as a crucial starting point for global AI governance, with emphasis on multi-stakeholder involvement, scientific research, capacity building, and human rights-centered approaches. As Amandeep Singh Gill noted, “The Global Digital Compact is our chance to shape our digital future.” The stage is set for continued dialogue and action on shaping an inclusive, sustainable digital future for all.

Session Transcript

Redi Thlabi: I think the applause was loudest this side. You’re very generous. Thank you. Good afternoon. Honored delegates, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Redi Thlabi. I’m a broadcast journalist, a moderator, an MC from Johannesburg, South Africa, delighted to be a visitor in the United States. I noticed that when the lunch break was announced, many of you did not leave. That tells me that you were in this room this morning when the answer to why we are here was provided. In the morning, we saw the real impact of digital tools, of artificial intelligence enabling human flourishing. Who can forget Adit, a young lady who grew up in a refugee camp, but she was able to access learning. She was able to connect with other young people from other parts of the world because she had the technology to do so. Who can forget how we witnessed the ability to get mobility after an acute injury. The mobility that you and I take for granted, but when you lose it, you need technology, you need innovation to help you be a part of the global community. You were in this room when we saw how technological tools can be enabled to respond to the planetary crisis that we are all facing today. That’s what happened this morning. So what are we doing this afternoon? We are here to ensure that those case studies that we heard about in the morning are not just the exception, but they become the norm. We are here to renew our commitments, to find solutions to the crises that we face, to ensure that we create a global digital architecture, a compact that is human-centered, that is secure, that is efficient, that is accessible to all. Because if we don’t do this, we create other frontiers of inequality. I come from Africa, I’m a part of the Global South, and we see very much how often we feel as if the world is advancing without us, even though we have the expertise, the agency, the tools, the willingness. But without the investment, without being invited into the table as we find these digital solutions, then this inequality will deepen. And so we convene today at a very hopeful moment. In a few hours, the Global Digital Compact may just become a reality. You will hear a lot about it. It has several themes that resonate. It’s about collaboration, creating policy, bringing all the stakeholders together to ensure that the case studies that we heard about in the morning become a global norm so that we all become citizens of a world where technology and AI are accessible, they are free, they are secure, and they are rooted, they are rooted in human flourishing. That’s what today is all about. But to situate us in the moment, let’s watch this very short video about the Global Digital Compact just to get a sense of the process and how it unfolded.

Official Video: GDC has been a very optimistic and constructive process during the past 18 months with broad participation from multi-stakeholders. And with GDC, we see that every country and every member state of the United Nations will have better possibilities of implementing the SDG agenda. Co-facilitators of the Global Digital Compact are so excited that we’ve come to this moment where we can actually indulge the Global Digital Compact. We as co-facilitators have engaged with yourselves. over many many hours. Over hundreds, thousands of delegates have put in their work and now it’s time to really look at this document and adopt it. And so we’re very excited that we’ve really come to this point and welcome you to this event. Thank you very much. The Global Digital Compact provides an opportunity to close the digital divide. It also provides an opportunity for Africa to engage as well as civil society organizations to engage way better at the United Nations level. The Global Digital Compact should be implemented through a multi-stakeholder process so that everyone, everywhere, can thrive in the age of AI. Governments must protect and support the people who build and govern digital public goods, like Wikipedia, which is run by volunteers who share knowledge in over 300 languages. Thank you very much for this outstanding opportunity to share with all of you how private and public collaboration can help achieve the goals of the Global Digital Compact. We at TIGO, we build broadband networks across all the communities we operate in. We call them digital highways because they provide the highways that bring our communities to the digital economy and it takes the work of everyone involved, public, private sector, everyone, so that those digital highways get built for the betterment of our communities are for the inclusion of everyone in them into the digital economy of the 21st century. Let’s make it happen together. I’m delighted to welcome the Global Digital Compact and to see that children’s rights are at the heart of this declaration. Children’s charities across the world have collaborated closely with co-facilitators and the UN Tech Envoy for two years to shape this important compact. We welcome that it now underscores a unified commitment for children’s rights and safety. I hope all will live by its words and will move from words to action. States have made bold commitments. They must now translate them into concrete actions. Equally, tech companies must not be exempt and be held accountable for the services they deliver to children. The Global Digital Compact has been a crucial platform for diverse stakeholders like me to come together and shape the future of a digital world that benefits everyone. It has fostered a sense of shared responsibility and ownership. I believe that the GDC we contributed will play a vital role in shaping a digital world.

Redi Thlabi: Thank you very much. Thank you. You will have an opportunity to make your inputs to ensure that the Global Digital Compact becomes a reality. Once it’s been adopted by world leaders, the online platform will be available tomorrow and you can share your inputs. Ladies and gentlemen, please help me welcome the Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden, Ebba Busch.

Ebba Busch: Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, ladies and gentlemen. I was suggesting earlier here when we were waiting for things to start, soon someone has to get up on stage and start singing. I’m not gonna sing here today but we’re going to talk about the digital era that we have just entered fully on now. And we’re living in an era where digital and emerging technologies, where they’re really reshaping almost every single aspect of our lives. our lives. The digital transformation presents us with unprecedented opportunities to really accelerate our work towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. To fulfil those opportunities, we need to cooperate across all levels, and certainly, of course, including the UN. Sweden has, together with Zambia, had the honour of facilitating the negotiations on the Global Digital Compact that we are soon going to adopt. The Compact outlines our collective commitment to a digital future that is inclusive, that is open, that is sustainable, fair, safe and secure. And it seeks to close those digital divides and accelerate progress across the Sustainable Development Goals. Sweden is my home country, and Sweden is also home to some of the most innovative companies in the world that are enabling and driving the global digital transition forward. To truly harness this power of digital technology for a better and more sustainable future, we need an approach that involves all stakeholders. It is only by bringing together the excellent researchers, innovative companies, efficient authorities and multilateral organisations that we can create a well-functioning innovation system that works for everyone. Artificial intelligence, AI, plays a central role in this context. It has the potential to revolutionise how we work, learn and connect with one another. Yet, we must also acknowledge the challenges and risks that come with it. Of course, like so many of the new emerging technologies, AI can be used for both good and for harm. This is why it is crucial that we work together to establish common norms and governance structures that guide the use of AI in such a way that it truly, truly benefits humanity. And at the same time, limit its proliferation into areas of use that may threaten our common security, development, and future. We need a global conversation to build a shared understanding of both the opportunities and the challenges of AI. And in this regards, I really like to emphasize the Compact’s initiative to launch a global dialogue on AI governance, which engages governments and stakeholders in developing standards that prioritizes human rights, that prioritizes safety and sustainability. Increased investment will be crucial to scale up AI capacity, building for sustainable development. Taking into account the recommendations of the High-Level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence, the GDC encourages the establishment of a global fund on AI that is complementary to relevant UN funding mechanisms. Additionally, an international scientific panel on AI could offer valuable guidance on the global community on AI development. Sweden has long championed an open, free, and secure internet. And we believe that digital technology should be used to strengthen human rights. We have a responsibility to turn our vision of a digital future future into concrete actions that make a real difference. This means we must collaborate across borders and sectors, and we must all take responsibility to ensure that the digital transformation benefits everyone. Sweden is committed to continuing its leadership in this global process, and we look forward to working with all of you to unlock the potential of digitalization and to ensure that we build a future where digital technology truly serves all of humanity. And with that, I’d like to end with somewhat of a more personal reflection and personal note as a citizen of the world, as a mother of two. My two children back home in Sweden, they’re named Elise and Birger, they’re seven and nine years old. I was this much pregnant when I got elected party leader for my party for 10 years ago. And I’m happy and I’m proud to be able to say to them, because they are now, I mean, they are the generation that are growing up not knowing what life was like before internet, you know? Can you imagine? And I’m proud to be able to say to them that we are now truly taking their rights in the digitalized era seriously, because I’ve said so many times that a childhood in freedom requires safety online. And thank you. And it really is so. We’ve said it so many times, but you can’t say it enough times. Children’s rights are human rights. Women’s rights are human rights. And we are now bringing human rights and the sustainable developmental goals online, finally. Thank you.

Redi Thlabi: Deputy Prime Minister, thank you for your energy and inspiring case studies that you shared. Without much ado, let us hear another keynote this afternoon from the CEO of Google, Sundar Pichai.

Sundar Pichai: Mr. Secretary General, President of the General Assembly, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, it’s a privilege to join you today. I am energized by the Summit’s focus on the future. We have a once-in-a-generation opportunity to unlock human potential for everyone, everywhere. I believe that technology is a foundational enabler of progress. Just as the Internet and mobile devices expanded opportunities for people around the world, now AI is poised to accelerate progress at unprecedented scale. I’m here today to make the case for three things. Why I believe AI is so transformative. How it can be applied to benefit humanity and make progress on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. And where we can drive deeper partnerships to ensure that the technology benefits everyone. But first, let me share why this is so important to me personally and to Google as a company. Growing up in Chennai, India with my family, the arrival of each new technology improved our lives in meaningful ways. Our first rotary phone saved us hours of travel to the hospital to get test results. Our first refrigerator gave us more time to spend as a family rather than rushing to cook ingredients before they spoil. The technology that changed my life the most was the computer. I didn’t have much access to one growing up. When I came to graduate school in the U.S., there were labs full of machines I could use anytime I wanted. It was mind-blowing. Access to computing inspired me to pursue a career where I could bring technology to more people. And that path led me to Google 20 years ago. I was excited by its mission to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. That mission has had incredible impact. Google Search democratized information access, opened up opportunities in education and entrepreneurship. Platforms like Chrome and Android helped bring 1 billion people online. Today, 15 of our products serve more than half a billion people and businesses each, and 6 of them each serve more than 2 billion. There is no cost to use them, and most of our users are in the developing world. Today we are working on the most transformative technology yet, AI. We’ve been investing in AI research, tools, and infrastructure for two decades because it’s the most profound way we can deliver on our mission and improve people’s lives. I want to talk today about four of the biggest opportunities we see, many of which align with the SDGs. One is helping people access the world’s knowledge in their own language. Using AI, in just the last year we have added 110 new languages to Google Translate, spoken by half a billion people around the world. That brings our total to 246 languages, and we are working towards 1,000 of the world’s most spoken languages. A second area is accelerating scientific discovery to benefit humanity. Our AlphaFold breakthrough is solving big challenges in predicting some of the building blocks of life, including proteins. and DNA. We have opened up AlphaFold to the scientific community free of charge and it has been accessed by more than 2 million researchers from over 190 countries. 30% are in the developing world. For example, over 25,000 researchers just in Brazil. Globally, AlphaFold is being used in research that could help make crops more resistant to disease, discover new drugs in areas like malaria vaccines and cancer treatments and much more. A third opportunity is helping people in the path of climate-related disaster, building on the UN’s initiative, Early Warnings for All. Our Flood Hub system provides early warnings up to seven days in advance, helping protect over 460 million people in over 80 countries. And for millions in the path of wildfires, our boundary tracking systems are already in 22 countries on Google Maps. We also just announced FireSat technology, which will use satellites to detect and track early-stage wildfires, with imagery updated every 20 minutes globally so firefighters can respond. AI gives a boost in accuracy, speed and scale. Fourth, we see the opportunity for AI to meaningfully contribute to economic progress. It’s already enabling entrepreneurs and small businesses, empowering governments to provide public services, and boosting productivity across sectors. Some studies show that AI could boost global labor productivity by 1.4 percentage points and increase global GDP by 7% within the next decade. For example, AI is helping improve operations and logistics in emerging markets, where connectivity, infrastructure and traffic congestion are big challenges. Freight startup Gary Logistics in Ethiopia is using AI to help move goods to market faster and bring more work opportunities to freelance drivers. These are just very early examples, and there are so many others across education, health, and sustainability. As technology improves, so will the benefits. As with any emerging technology, AI will have limitations, be it issues with accuracy, factuality, and bias, as well as the risks of misapplication and misuse, like the creation of deep fakes. It also presents new complexities. For example, the impact on the future of work. For all these reasons, we believe that AI must be developed, deployed, and used responsibly from the start. We are guided by our AI principles, which we published back in 2018. And we work with others across the industry, academia, the UN, and governments in efforts like the Frontier Model Forum, the OECD, and the G7 Hiroshima process. But I want to talk about another risk that I worry about. I think about where I grew up and how fortunate I was to have access to technology, even if it came slowly. Not everyone had that experience. And while good progress has been made by UN institutions like the ITU, gaps persist today in the form of a well-known digital divide. With AI, we have the chance to be inclusive from the start and to ensure that the digital divide doesn’t become an AI divide. This is a challenge that needs to be met by the private sector and public sector working together. We can focus on three key areas. First is digital infrastructure. Google has made big investments globally in subsea and terrestrial fiber optic cables. One connects Africa with Europe. And two others will be the first intercontinental fiber optic routes. that connect Asia-Pacific and South America, and Australia and Africa. These fiber optic routes stitch together our network of 40 cloud regions around the world that provide digital services to governments, entrepreneurs, SMBs, and companies across all sectors. In addition to compute access, we also open up our technology to others. We did this with Android, and now our Gemma AI models are open to developers and researchers, and we’ll continue to invest here. A second area is about investing in people. That starts with making sure people have the skills they need to seize new opportunities. Our Grow with Google program has already trained 100 million people around the world in digital skills. And today, I’m proud to announce our Global AI Opportunity Fund. This will invest $120 million to make AI education and training available in communities around the world. We are providing this in local languages, in partnerships with nonprofits and NGOs. We are also helping to support entrepreneurs for the AI revolution. In Brazil, we worked with thousands of women entrepreneurs to use Google AI to grow their businesses. In Asia, where fewer than 6% of startups are founded by women, we are providing many with mentorship, capital, and training. The third area is one where we especially need the help of member countries and leaders in this room, creating an enabling policy environment, one that addresses both the risks and worries around new technologies, and also encourages the kind of applications that improve lives at scale. This requires a few things. Government policymaking that supports investments in infrastructure, people. and innovation that benefits humanity. Country development strategies and frameworks like the Global Digital Compact that prioritize the adoption of AI solutions. And smart product regulation that mitigates harms and resists national protectionist impulses that could widen an AI divide and limit AI’s benefits. We are excited to be your partner and to work with you to make sure bold innovations are deployed responsibly so that AI is truly helpful for everyone. The opportunities are too great, the challenge is too urgent, and this technology too transformational to do anything less. Thank you.

Redi Thlabi: Thank you very much to the CEO of Google, Sundar Pichai, for that very holistic picture of the potential, the risks, and the opportunities. Thank you. Now let’s get to the conversation. Let’s put some meat to it, as we say in my language at home. Let’s just give some meaning to the Global Digital Compact. How do we position ourselves to move from aspiration to action and to take us through that very important conversation? Here is a sister, a moderator, and an international broadcaster, my homegirl, Tumi Makgabo.

Tumi Makgabo: Thank you. All right, we got there in the end. Good afternoon, everybody. Reedy, thank you so very much for that introduction. I feel like we flew a long way to get together in New York, but it’s always a pleasure to be in. in this incredible, exciting, stimulating city. But more importantly, I think it’s really incredible to have the opportunity to be in a room where people are thinking about what tomorrow’s going to look like. How do we create a tomorrow that works for everybody who’s involved in tomorrow? Well, you’ve heard a little bit about the GDC, and in this following conversation, we’re going to try to unpack how do we take the idea, how do we take the thought, how do we take the intent of what the GDC is trying to create and make it real, give it life, breathe it into existence. It isn’t easy, it certainly will be a challenge, but I think it’s a challenge not only that we’re up for, but it’s a challenge that is important to ensure that the society and the world looks exactly the way we hope and intend. Now, ordinarily, I could safely stand up here all by myself, but I don’t think that’s going to be the most exciting thing for you to watch. So please assist me in giving a very, very, very warm welcome to the following. Felix Mutati, who is the Minister of Technology and Science in Zambia. Margrethe Vestager, who is Executive Vice President of the European Union. Rebeca Grynspan, who is the Secretary General of UNCTAD. Omar Al Olama, the Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy, and Remote Work Applications in the UAE. Josephine Teo, who is the Minister for Digital Development and Information in Singapore. And last, but most certainly not least, Nnenna Nwakanama, Civil Society Representative. To all of you, thank you so very much for joining us today. And it really is genuinely and truly an honor to have each of you joining me today. And I’m looking forward to having this conversation. I’m going to take a seat next to you. But not too close. I get a little bit nervous because I don’t know what they might do to me if I ask them a question they don’t like. The reason we really gathered here, and let’s talk for a moment about the digital compact. It’s about principles, it’s about commitments, it’s about inclusivity, not just in terms of who negotiated it, but in terms of who it’s supposed to apply to. The intention is to, and I’m going to read this so I don’t get it wrong, to support the achievement of an inclusive, open, sustainable, fair, safe, and secure digital future for all. Ambitious. In addition, there’s something that’s really important that the GDC does, and that is it recognizes the pervasive and existing digital divides, and we know, we can see what the impact of those divides are and have been in the past. And really, it responds to the need for more inclusive digital governance. So we all have an understanding of what it should do, what it shouldn’t do, and how do we deal. So the ambition is there. It’s in paper, in various iterations. How do we make that happen? Perhaps Mr. Minister, if I can begin with you. Developing countries in particular, Reedy mentioned it earlier, and I think the lived reality of most people who exist in the developing world will be able to tell you about some of the challenges that we face whenever we experience digital divides. I mean, the CEO of Google just gave us a perfect example in his remarks. How do you think the GDC will help in particular developing countries, but perhaps you can use your country as an example, to bridge that divide? It’s on. Let’s try again.

Felix Mutati: Thank you. Many thanks for having me. I’ll just tell you a short story in terms of bridging the digital divide, in terms of inclusivity, from a Zambian perspective. A young man called James in the rural part of Zambia, a farmer, farming using traditional methods because he was not included or connected, had a chance to secure a mobile phone, had a chance to get connected to internet. Using those tools, he transformed his farming methods because he had access to weather forecast, he had access to market prices, he had access to information. And our interpretation is that the Global Digital Compact is about a shared vision. Transforming life for that little boy in the rural part of Zambia. That is our simple understanding and that is why we’re here, changing lives.

Tumi Makgabo: Now there’s a particular balance that is always required because we see that sometimes when we change and transform lives, sometimes it can happen really rapidly, sometimes it takes a little bit longer. If I can come to the UAE as an example, what is the thinking about bridging and bringing together that process of rapid adoption of AI, along with making sure that it is a safe environment for all who are going to be involved in digital technology and how it changes their lives?

Omar Al Olama: Thank you very much. I’m very happy to be here and to be very honest, I think the UAE is a good example of what happens when you create a trajectory for digital development that is on steroids, as they say. we’ve experienced it. So we went from not having paved roads, not having university graduates, being a country that was maybe part of the underdeveloped world 50 years ago to being today one of the most advanced countries in the world. That advancement created a lot of opportunities, it made the UAE be able to explore frontiers like artificial intelligence, and I think it also shows that there is no excuse for us not to be able to do that for more countries. We need to move from, and I don’t mean to plagiarize President Obama here, but from yes we can to yes we will. We need to really definitely try to actually implement that vision that we have on digital development and take forward the recommendations that the panel is making towards the global south.

Tumi Makgabo: We need to also have the conversation about inclusivity. The reason we can have a conversation around developed versus developing countries is because growth has not been equitable. There are some parts of the world that have grown and done well economically, et cetera, and those that have clearly been left behind. If we can then talk for a moment, Secretary General, about how do we make sure that this compact is not just a document that is full of ambition, but it actually means that we see a manifestation of that inclusivity of growth when it comes to the digital era.

Rebeca Grynspan: Thank you. Thank you very much, and thank you for that question. First of all, let me say that we all know that we are lagging in the SDGs, yes? That only 70% of the SDGs are enrolled to be accomplished by 2030. So we have to start by thinking that we cannot have linear solutions because we need non-linear ones, pathways, to really get to the 2030 objectives. And I think that the digital revolution in AI can provide those. non-linear path towards DSDG. So it’s a great opportunity because obviously, you know, the digital technologies are transforming life in an exponential way. So that can be really a very important tool. But my second point, going to you, is that when you are in a society where things are changing so rapidly, we have to remember always that not everything changes at the same speed. So it creates tensions. It creates asymmetries. It creates imbalances that we need to deal with. So it’s not enough access. You need really a deliberate digital development strategy because you have to connect. You have to bring the stakeholders. But you have to do a lot of things. You have to create an ecosystem that is, you know, really will bring everybody to the speed, to the level that is necessary. But you start from a very uneven play field, yes? Not everybody is today in the same line to start this career. So you have to make an extra effort. And part of this extra effort is, first of all, for people, it’s not only access, but it’s affordability and quality of their access to the digital technologies. But it’s also not to relegate the developing countries to be users. We want to be producers. We want to bring the digital revolution, not only for our consumption, but we want to really use it for our diversification, for going up the ladder. in terms of the value chains in the world, to add more value, to create better employment, and to bring digital into the productive structure will really require an extra effort from the international community and also from governments to make it, as I said, a deliberate development strategy.

Tumi Makgabo: One thing that also is going to require deliberate efforts is the question of human rights. Margrethe, if I can come to you on that. How do you make sure that there is a respect and a consideration for human rights while at the same time one wants to promote fair competition and keep in mind that we’re coming from such different points of departure, there’s a lot of balancing. How is the EU thinking about that?

Margrethe Vestager: First and foremost, I think the Global Digital Compact is an amazing achievement. It is as if we have a new chance. We have it. There are so many things where we have not succeeded, and I think the Digital Compact shows that we can agree that we’re really going to engage in correcting the mistakes and show much increased effort because if we live up to what is in the Compact, well, then a lot of the things that are haunting us will be a thing of the past, and for us, we want to partner with as many countries as possible, and the fact that human rights are completely core of the Global Digital Compact makes our conversation shorter, focused because we know that we agree on the fundamentals when we digitalize. So, partnerships will be so much easier, and these are really important for us. And I think it also illustrates that there is a commitment to create trust in technology. Because that doesn’t come automatic. Technology can be terribly misused, both for crime and fraud, but also for surveillance and undermining democracy. And here we can focus on the use of technology. I think the example, the story was excellent. It’s such a good illustration of the agency that people get. Because I think that is the underlining ambition here. That all the things that we were not successful with, with trust, with focusing on the use cases and giving people agency, enabling them, then this digital compact will be, you know, a road to a future that is very different from all the bad scenarios that we actually do have ahead of us.

Tumi Makgabo: There is no question, I think, for anybody that this presents a particular opportunity. One through the GDC, but generally through technology and how we can better harness that to achieve all of these things that we wanted to do. The world of work, however, we all recognize is going to look quite different in five years’ time, let alone a decade or two down the road. In Singapore’s case, how are you ensuring that there is better preparedness for a more digitized work in the context of work? And how can we learn from what Singapore has done so that we’re not always having to go back to the beginning in order to ensure we’re better prepared for a world of work that looks so different?

Josephine Teo: Well, thank you very much for this opportunity to participate in this great conversation. My comments will build on what Margaret and the Secretary-General have said. And that is to recognize the fact that unevenness exists even for the workforce. And what it means… is that there will be some parts of the workforce that are closer to the technology frontier because their employers are already using technologies in innovative ways in their companies. And so that creates an environment for them to pick up the right skills to become even more proficient in the jobs and the requirements of the future. But there will be many other members of the workforce who, for example, may be employed by small and medium enterprises who tend to lag in terms of the technology adoption. Then there are also people who are marginalised. Sometimes it is because they have special needs. It could be because they have a disability. We have to be very creative in thinking about how all of the past barriers that put impediments in the path of these individuals to succeed. The way in which we are doing this is to enable every single one of the workers to acquire the skills to be relevant for the future. Part of it involves working with employers because they create the momentum and they create the strongest incentives. But we also need active labour market policies in the form of support for individual learning, putting resources in the hands of individual workers so that they don’t only depend on their employers to provide the training opportunities. Then in order to support this ecosystem, you need also to build up the training infrastructure so that there is a good ecosystem of training providers who not only can deliver training competently, but whose content meet the needs of the market. All of these have to come together and the more we can share with each other how these can be achieved in each of our contexts, I think the better we are going to be. So we are very grateful to the UN for putting together the GDC to create the opportunities for us to do exactly that.

Tumi Makgabo: Thank you very much, Minister Teo. Minister Al-Olama, I believe that we have to bid you farewell, so thank you very much for joining us. Do you want to, is there one more comment and thought that you want to leave us with before you go?

Omar Al Olama: I think the Global Digital Compact is a great starting point for the action to follow. The UAE, we believe that there’s a lot that needs to be done but we all need to work together on it. This technology is very pervasive, it crosses borders, and there needs to be cooperation. So we’re definitely part of this roadmap that the UN is putting forward and we’re definitely going to be a big supporter for it.

Tumi Makgabo: That’s terrific to hear. Thank you for joining us and we look forward to seeing you do that. If you can please just give him a thank you. Thank you. And no, I wasn’t waiting for him to leave, I just have to get closer to the panellists, so don’t think I’m being, I promise I’m not being weird. Nnenna, if I can come to you, from a civil society perspective. You know, the reality is that there sometimes can be a disconnect between what happens on the ground and what happens higher up between policy makers and those of us who have really good intentions. It doesn’t always manifest in the way that we hope. What does the implementation question and what does the monitoring question of the GDC look like in a civil society context from your point of view?

Nnenna Nwakanama: Sankofa, I’ll come back to that word. Fabrizio Hochschild is from Chile. Ninten Desai is from India. Lynn Sentamu is Canadian. Marcus Comer. is from Switzerland, Yanis Karklins from Lithuania, Dee Williams in St. Lucia, Adama Samaseko in Mali, and the journalist Brenda Zulu from Zambia. I’ve met these people over my 25 years of engagement in digital cooperation within the UN. These are people from all walks of life. And my first statement here today is sankofa, looking back from where we’re coming from so we know where we’re going to. The GDC is nothing revolutionary. The success is in the process, and that process is multi-stakeholder. I do believe that as we keep shaking hands between multilateralism and multi-stakeholderism, we can do much. Not just here in New York. I don’t need a visa to be able to implement GDC. I want to be at home and have the same principle of multi-stakeholderism play out in everything at national level.

Tumi Makgabo: I think we understand why you’ve been in this process for so long. We kind of get it. Thank you for that. Minister Mutati, if I can then come back to you. We can look at the broader picture, and I think the GDC is no doubt inspiring. Those who believe it or not, I did actually read it, and I think it is really inspiring, and I think it really is ambitious, and I think it genuinely is asking us to address some of the most fundamental and pressing issues that help us address the human rights challenges we face on the planet. planet. How, though, do we begin to implement that? From a Zambia perspective, what is the translation of that, from paper to reality, actually look like and involve?

Felix Mutati: Thank you very much. One of the pillars of the Global Digital Compact is strategic partnerships. And strategic partnership from a Zambia perspective, I’ll give you two examples. This year, Zambia has got challenges around climate change. Our economy, in terms of GDP, is going down. And we have difficulties and other problems. But earlier on, we had a strategic partnership to look at how we can collaborate among ourselves as Africans. And one of the countries in Africa, we went and lifted a tax innovation, collection innovation, which we started using this year. Now, the consequences of that partnership has been that, whereas the economy is going down, the tax revenue is going up. And for us, we think that is what is called strategic partnership, which is part of the Global Compact. It gives actual results. And this is actually happening. Second example, because of limited resource, to try to extend connectivity of our people, government on one side. Working with the private sector and other partners, providing the necessary incentives, they were able to plant significant infrastructure, digital infrastructure, which has enabled Internet to move from in the 50s to almost 70 percent. That is what we call strategic partnership. So Zambia, in a sense, was already implementing the global digital compact and the key pillar of partnership, and the results are there for us to see. Thank you.

Tumi Makgabo: That’s a really interesting example that you use, because it sounds to me like a lot of this has to do with ensuring that the solutions are specific to what your needs are, no doubt. But when we look more broadly, the challenge for a lot of developing countries is that they have to prioritize where they allocate those resources. So it’s easier for us to sit and say, well, you know, we have to think about ESG, or we have to think about greening, or we have to think about this safety and that health. But the resources that are required to do all of those things are quite limited. What do you think needs to happen to allow developing countries to better strike that balance, and how potentially can the GDC be supportive of that process? We know that within the document itself, it’s quite specific about a need for that to happen. But again, the reality versus what’s on paper.

Rebeca Grynspan: Yeah, it’s such a good question, because, you know, precisely today we were talking about the necessary changes in international financial architecture, really to support development. We were talking about restructuring the debt, because debt doesn’t allow many of these countries, to really have the strategies and the investments that need to be done. I gave today the number that 3.3 billion people live in countries that are paying more in service and debt than on health or education. So if you have that problem, how are you going really to have the investments that you need for making this happen? And the other part of this, I’m sorry to say, obviously, is the responsibility to think about the long-term. I always say we usually forget that the short and the long-term start at the same time. There is no long-term that is a succession of short-termism, yes? You don’t get there by short-term thinking. You need long-term thinking. But many of the systems don’t allow, don’t have the structures, don’t have the institutions like, for example, Singapore has, to really have this long-term view for a policy to stay and to persevere for the objectives. So let me just end saying, you need national responsibility, and the minister has talked about that. You need a government that really thinks about this, that does the right thing, that invests in education, that invests in the people that Nina was talking about, that brings society in an inclusive way with a voice to really harness development, but you need the international community. And that’s why the global digital compact is so important, as we have said. Because you need a framework. And the other thing, and I’m sorry to say this because we are talking about optimism, but this is a very concentrated market, yes? need to spread the opportunities because really concentration is very high. So you need international standards and international norms to really make these technologies to stay within the good and not to go to the bad, like Margrethe was saying.

Tumi Makgabo: So it’s interesting that you’re promoting the global view, which is crucial. We’ve heard from the minister the national view, but there’s that space in between, which is the regional question. Now we’ve seen what the EU has been doing. We understand the EU’s ambition generally to be a leader in many spaces, and this is not unique in that question. What can the world, or what should we be learning about broader cooperation and implementation of such policies when we look at what the EU is trying to do within its space of influence from a policy perspective? Because one size doesn’t fit all, so there needs to be some maneuverability in that regard, but there also needs to be an overview that allows everybody to understand what the rules of engagement are.

Margrethe Vestager: I think that is very well put. And the thing is that there is an asymmetry here, because the individual human being can take the most of the possibilities, but the individual cannot do away with the harm that technology can bring. That is not possible. So there is a societal, regional, global answer here to address things that are systemic in a systemic matter. And this is what we are trying to do. So we have passed legislation, the Digital Markets Act, to keep the market open so that people have choice, and so that the businesses who provide choice, that they are interested for investors. Because, if you depend on a gatekeeper to get to the market, why invest in you? We have the Digital Services Act making sure that digital services are safe to use. That they would not cause you mental health problems or undermine democracy or the integrity of our elections. And that what is legitimately decided in our democracy is also treated as such when online. We have privacy legislation and our AI Act is coming into force. All of that to create a systemic response to the things that people cannot influence themselves individually. And when you have a systemic response, and we enforce in full, because otherwise it’s worth nothing. Enforcement is everything. When we do that, then each and every one of us, alone and together, can grasp the opportunities. And that’s the important thing here, because otherwise nothing will happen. So I think one should be really careful to try to decentralize, to say, you go, you go figure out. No, no. We need that systemic response. We think that legislation is needed, because we see the harm that can be done. And I think that global digital compact is essential, especially when it comes to AI. Because AI is not just any new digital algorithm. It is so much more powerful when it comes to human agency. And that is why the use cases, the trust that we as societies will be responsible, is absolutely key for all these wonderful things that we’re talking about.

Tumi Makgabo: That brings me nicely. Okay, you want to… They keep wanting to clap for you and I keep interrupting them. So I think every now and again, I must remember to give you a chance to clap properly. That brings me nicely to the question of public-private partnerships. So, when we are looking at this process, everybody has to play their part. We need to make sure that the rules of engagement not only exist, but that they are followed and that they are implemented, and that there is consequence for transgression, right? Because it doesn’t help, and we know about, broadly speaking, the challenges of international law when it comes to the implementation and enforcement of consequence. What role, however, do you see, maybe you can give us an example in Singapore, where this public-private partnership can better foster the implementation and the oversight of what this GDC process may look like?

Josephine Teo: Well, since Margaret was talking about AI, that could be where the example arises. I think being a general-purpose technology, we all want to benefit from its transformative potential. And yet, at the level of public services, very often the expertise does not yet exist. And that’s where I think the private sector can be brought into the picture and encouraged to enable policymakers, as well as individuals, teams, organisations that make the rules to understand how this technology is implemented. And that’s exactly how we have done it in Singapore. We encouraged and we invited the private sector to contribute to the development of use cases, as well as our understanding of the guardrails that need to be put in place. But I would go one step further. I would say that the private sector can do a lot more in terms of helping to build capacity. And the capacity is so important because, particularly from the point of view of small states, on the one hand we see the opportunities, on the other hand we are told of the risks. The question is, will we… we’d be left behind as small states. Now, in this process of figuring out what to do, I think we were really appreciative that at the UN level, there was an advisory board at the high level that was constituted in a very inclusive way. And this has given us the motivation to contribute to this process by asking our own chief AI officer to be involved, and then subsequently inviting the whole high-level advisory board to meet in Singapore so that they can also engage with the forum of small states that was meeting there. Now, the result of a process like this is that we now have the ability to say, adopting the principles articulated in the GDC, how to help ourselves as nations, but equally importantly, how we can help each other. And in that regard, I’m very pleased to note that this process created an opportunity for another country that we admire greatly, which is Rwanda, to say, how about the both of us come together to create an AI playbook for small states? So that is something that we have done. And I hope that this will help all of us.

Tumi Makgabo: I just love my panel because everything they say, everybody wants to clap for them.

Margrethe Vestager: Can I add something? Because I would encourage everybody to look at the AI apprentice model that is implemented in Singapore, because that allows businesses to get to use AI while people in all walks of life can learn about how to do that. And you get experts who are embedded in the local community. So this idea of AI apprenticeships, I think the Singaporean model is really, really inspiring.

Tumi Makgabo: Thank you very much.

Josephine Teo: We’re happy to share more.

Tumi Makgabo: They’re happy to share. So everybody come, let’s share. Okay, Nnenna, if I can come to you because believe it or not, we’ve got like four minutes left. What measures do you think specifically we need to be mindful of? And I’m going to limit you in the sense that I’m going to ask you for two of the most important measures we need to make sure are in place to protect human rights as we embark on this journey.

Nnenna Nwakanama: Two measures, capacity to implement. It is okay to come to New York. It is okay to read European papers and all of that, but America and Europe do not make the world. I’m African. I’m Nigerian. I live in Cote d’Ivoire. I’m part of this world and I want that to be down here. So capacity to implement across the whole world, whether it be government, because I have spoken about multi-stakeholder, but multi-stakeholder capacity is needed, financial, human and technological. That is one. We need to balance that. The other one is connecting people. I see people talking about AI. I see, I’ve lived in the days of great technology, emerging technology, and all of the big grammar technology, but please, can we get people connected to me? And please, can we not disconnect the people who are already connected? Because some of you are here and then you go home and you disrupt internet connectivity. We have to talk about shutdown. In the GDC itself, that part has, they’ve been knowing at it. I don’t know what it’s going to be like tomorrow morning. Anyway, let me now, excellences, ladies and gentlemen, friends here and friends who are watching me online, boys and girls, cats and dogs, emojis and avatars, I myself, on behalf of my own self, I would like to endorse the GDC.

Tumi Makgabo: because I want my time back from all this clapping. Like really, I’ve lost like loads of time from the applause. Okay, we’ve literally got two and a half minutes, so I’m gonna do a rapid fire round. I’m going to ask you for two specific things that when we leave this stage and we leave this room, as individuals, we need to consider implementing. We’re not talking broad policy strokes here, we’re talking about things that you think we can do when we leave. Nnenna, you’ve given us a clue, but can you give us two different ones, and I’m gonna start with you and work my way across. We’ve got two minutes.

Nnenna Nwakanama: Connect the schools. Connect the young people. Connect my children. Thank you.

Tumi Makgabo: Okay, okay, okay, thank you. Thank you. Minister Teo.

Josephine Teo: We want to move beyond learning about digital to thriving with digital. And to do that, we can move alone, and we can go very fast that way, or we can go together, and I believe that will go even further.

Tumi Makgabo: Thank you. Even further. Secretary General, you.

Rebeca Grynspan: Embrace not only the global digital compact, talk to your governments for implementing, for supporting, but embrace the path for the future, because there are many things that we have to do for this to be possible. And in the path of the future, we have a lot that can help people to get connected.

Tumi Makgabo: Vice-President Vestager.

Margrethe Vestager: Obviously, first things first, connectivity is everything. If you’re not connected, well, what then? But as we connect, please make sure that we do not sacrifice our children. Their independence, their agency, that they do not get dependent, that they do not get sucked in, in social media that will not serve them well. We have a huge challenge in making. sure that our children, they’re not only safe, but developed, and that they can use digital for their own good and for the good of their community.

Tumi Makgabo: Minister?

Felix Mutati: Thank you. One of the biggest challenges, the skills and literacy, particularly in the rural part of our country, things we take for granted. Let us handhold our people. And let us show them how to press the numbers on the mobile phone. Thank you.

Tumi Makgabo: I don’t know if you can tell, but I thoroughly enjoyed that conversation. And it is because we had such a wonderful panel of speakers with us this afternoon. Can you please give them the appropriate round of applause? I can’t hear it. Thank you so very much. Thank you. And thank you. Thank you very much.

Redi Thlabi: OK, I see your panel doesn’t want to leave the stage to me. OK. Thank you. Thank you so very much to Dumi Mahabo for expertly leading that important conversation. We’re going to watch a very short video speaking to the themes of today about the futures that are possible for us and the kind of decisions we need to make. Let’s just watch this short video, and then I’ll introduce you to the next panel.

Official Video: One humanity, two futures. In one, we embrace AI’s potential for a world of inclusion and equity. In another, AI tools became the catalyst for division and exclusion. The choice between these paths did not lie in circuits, but in human hands. In October 2023, amid heated debates on artificial intelligence and its potential, there was excitement about the future, but also anxiety over its risks and uncertainties. The UN Secretary-General gathered 39 top AI experts to confront this challenge. The uniquely diverse group consulted intensively around the world and engaged with thousands of experts. This uniquely diverse group aligned on guiding principles to propose concrete actions for governing AI for humanity by building common scientific understanding on AI, its opportunities and its risks, by fostering common ground for effective AI policies and standards anchored in human rights, by sharing common benefits through building capacity, mobilizing resources and tackling data dilemmas, to close AI divides, and to support this global action, an AI office at the United Nations, for an equitable and inclusive future with AI. Let’s build this future together.

Redi Thlabi: Thank you very much. And I think the theme of that video links so well with the comments that came from the first panel. We all acknowledge we come from different worlds, but we are one humanity. So how do we create these digital tools, AI for humanity, make it serve humanity, make it accessible for all of humanity? I’m really looking forward. to this next panel discussion, which speaks exactly to that, AI for Humanity. And to moderate this panel discussion is Ian Bremmer, president of Eurasia Group. Ian?

Ian Bremmer: Thank you so much, and also thanks to me, who just crushed it for the last 45 minutes, absolutely, right? So now you’re stuck with me, and obviously I’m honored to be here at the Summit of the Future. We’re going to talk about artificial intelligence. I’m honored to be one of the 39 members of the high-level advisory panel on AI, and you’re going to meet a number of my peers on the panel today. It was back in 2017 that the Secretary General, António Guterres, I remember first told me that he thought that his two most important legacies in global governance would be on combating climate change and responding to the positive implications of disruptive technologies. You have seen the UN engage and lead the work on climate over the past many years, but today is a day we get to talk about and even celebrate a little some efforts in global governance on artificial intelligence. This past Thursday, I think you’ve seen it, we have released our final report, Governing AI for Humanity. It’s right here. It’s the first truly global approach to governance of artificial intelligence, and we’re going to talk today about some of the recommendations, why governance including nations from the global south is so important, and some practical reasons why this roadmap is needed. to ensure progress and greater equity, given the challenges that we face in our digital and physical future. So, with that, let me please introduce our distinguished panelists. Experts and leaders from many sectors required for a multi-stakeholder approach, five of us together on the UN High-Level Advisory Body, and two interlopers who are here anyway. As I mentioned, first of all, our co-chairs. We have Carme Artigas, who is co-chair of the body, along with James Manyka, senior vice president at Google Alphabet. We’ve got Vilas Dhar, also an HLAB member. He’s president of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation. Dr. Wang Jian is chief technology officer at Alibaba. Volker Turk, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. And Alondra Nelson, also an HLAB member, is a professor at the Institute of Advanced Study. I welcome all of you. Please. So, let’s get right to it. Carme, the first question I want to ask, and I’m going to start with our two co-chairs, shockingly, bracketing this whole thing, is why the United Nations, right? There have been a lot of efforts at governance of AI. There’s been a lot of money going into AI. The UN doesn’t have a lot of money, doesn’t have a lot of power, right? But here we are. So, why? I mean, obviously, part of it is because it makes us sit uncomfortably close, and that facilitates cooperation. But leaving that aside, why was it critical for the United Nations to take this on?

Carme Artigas: Yes, so this was the first question we had to answer ourselves in the body. You were independent people, and we came to the conclusion that the UN is uniquely positioned to this effort, because it’s the only global organization that has the mandate, the reach, and the legitimacy to seat all nations and all stakeholders in the table. And it has the historical, I would say, success that has done it in the past, I mean, governing international topics such as climate change or on earth control. And because AI is such a pervasive and horizontal technology, and it’s absolutely cross borders, there is no single nation or region that can solve by itself the potential harm biases, discrimination, and lack of inclusiveness. And of course there are other frameworks that are very, very valuable, but they are limited. They usually leave behind many nations, especially on the global south. So we do not pretend that UN is the right place to regulate AI at a global level. We think it’s the right place to encourage collaboration, to foster inclusive business, and ensure that AI is developed, keeping the human rights in mind.

Ian Bremmer: Now, you’re a European, and the Europeans are known for having governance, even multi-stakeholder governance as a superpower. I mean, Lord knows it’s not building AI companies, right? So given that, how do you, former minister in this field, you know, how did you engage with what can the UN do, and what should the EU really be doing?

Carme Artigas: I would say that people sometimes mix ethics, regulation, and governance. There are three different things. Ethics is how do we should, how should we all behave well, companies, governments. Governance is how do we put in mechanisms, instruments, that ensure that everybody’s behaving ethically. And regulation is one of these mechanisms, and we have done it in Europe, the first international regulation, and nobody can argue against me that regulation is not against innovation. That’s another topic, but I am open to discuss it to anyone. I think regulation builds trust, because it orders a market and gives trust. confidence to the market, the consumers, and the citizens. But there are not only a way to govern through regulation. We can govern through transparency, through oversight, through involving everybody. So governance is beyond regulation itself. It’s one mechanism. We should find also the market incentives so that companies and governments behave ethically.

Ian Bremmer: Just a quick one, because I’m responding to that. Did you say, I mean, when the group first came together, you know, 39 members from all these different countries, different walks of life, that actually coming to agreement on common principles seemed to be one of the easiest things for our group to do? That was quick. Am I right about that?

Carme Artigas: Yeah, of course.

Ian Bremmer: Anyone else want to take that on? James?

James Manyika: No, you’re fundamentally right. I mean, one of the things that was extraordinary when we began our work was how quickly we got to agree on things like, this must be based on fundamental human rights. We all agreed. This must be based on international law. We all agreed. This must benefit everybody. We all agreed. I think the hard work was, how do we all come together to think through how we actually do and achieve those things? But I think getting to the principles was relatively quite straightforward. I’m looking at Alondra here, who was a big, you know, force in getting us to many of the right places we got to, especially on issues around fundamental human rights based on the extraordinary work that she had been doing for many, many years.

Ian Bremmer: Alondra, do you want to jump in?

Alondra Nelson: Yeah, I would just say, you know, to your question of why, why is that the UN provides us with a quite incredible foundation? I mean, the UN Charter, our international accords around human rights are quite powerful kind of cornerstones for thinking about this. And so we had a place to go. And I think, you know, the challenge that we face with technology is particularly powerful and fast moving ones like AI is things are moving around and where do we anchor ourselves? And I think the why of the UN is in part that the world’s countries had agreed. have agreed upon already these fundamental kind of true North values. The challenge becomes what does that mean in a digital world? What does that mean in an AI world in which, you know, society is being kind of re-transformed and reconfigured? But I think those fundamental things are true and that’s been a really core of our work on the committee.

Ian Bremmer: And I want our audience to appreciate this. I mean, getting the Singaporeans to champion rule of law is not exactly shocking, but I mean, we’re talking about the Americans, the Russians, the Chinese, the Europeans, the global South. I mean, all participants here, this was not the hard challenge in this group. Vilas?

Vilas Dhar: I think that’s right. I mean, Ian, I want to start from a fundamental observation. We too often equate governance with control. And it’s part of a conversation that’s much bigger. I think we have followed a narrative that technology companies innovate and governments regulate and somehow in that the rest of us go along. But that’s not the point of governance, right? Governance is to set a shared vision for humanity, is to think about all of the resources we can bring to bear to make shared decisions that put agency with communities, that allow voices to participate and to come forward. When we think about the work of the body, I think this underpins the idea. What we got from the Secretary General was a mandate to think beyond, beyond the forms and functions of the moment, to think about a world where a digital future actually works for all of us. It starts from the fundamental pieces that James and Alondra spoke to. But it requires us to also envision new functions and new forms for a future that’s grounded in the idea of governance for, by, and of the people. And I think AI gives us such an amazing aperture to go back to really fundamental questions about what participatory mechanics should look like.

Ian Bremmer: I’m glad you brought that up because when, you know, so much of the conversation on AI out there is about risks, existential risks, disinformation, all of that. This group, not in any way unconcerned with those risks. but fundamentally thinking about how to use AI for humanity. I mean, climate change in a sense is a much more difficult conversation because there’s so much zero-sumness. There’s so much, you know, like reparations need to be paid because you’ve done this to us. This has been an overwhelmingly positive sum, non-zero-sum conversation. James?

James Manyika: Yeah, it has been, but it also has highlighted something else, including beyond the UN itself, is how important this is for it to be a multi-stakeholder endeavor. That was fundamentally important. Let me tell you why I think that was fundamentally important. If you think about what’s at the heart of this technology, this conversation, and what we hope for it, you point to three things, I think. One are the extraordinary opportunities, the possibility to address so much of our challenges with the SDGs, climate change, there’s so much that we could potentially do that’s transformational, number one. There are complexities and risks. There are so many of them. We have to think about all the kinds of issues that we know could happen and go wrong with this technology. And then third, the idea that this has to benefit and include everybody. If you think about each of those three things, there’s no other way to get that done other than through a multi-stakeholder effort. The opportunities, companies are pursuing those, researchers are pursuing those, NGOs are pursuing those, governments are pursuing those. The risks and complexities, same thing. Governments are thinking about those, agencies are thinking about those, researchers are, civil society is. Get to the inclusion and the opportunities. How do you go after opportunities, especially in countries and places and communities where those are not commercial opportunities? You have to include everybody. So as you think about each of the three things that are at the heart of this, it has to be a multi-stakeholder effort. And that’s why I’ll say one final thing. It’s why I was so thrilled that our body actually represented that multi-stakeholder effort. take hold of you. We had researchers, we had academics, we had activists, we had civil society, we had everybody involved. We debated a lot, argued a lot, and we worked pretty well together, I think.

Ian Bremmer: And I would say that it wasn’t obvious during the conversations who necessarily was wearing each of those hats, because the body was collective, pretty global. But I’m going to ask you, because you do wear one of those hats in real life, when we talk about governance, and Vilas just talked about the way we should think about governance, what are the responsibilities that the core private sector corporations, and even some of them state-owned enterprises are linked, should have when we think about governance of AI?

James Manyika: Well, we have several. First of all, keep in mind that much of the research, fundamental research that’s advanced in this field, is led in the private sector, a lot of the research labs are in the private sector. So that places an incredible responsibility, one which is to make sure we’re developing this technology responsibly, we’re thinking about all the beneficial uses of it, not just the commercial uses of it, we have to think about all of that, and we also have a responsibility to engage with governments and others, who are not only going to govern these technologies, but also think about, because keep in mind that this technology, three things happen to it, it’s developed, it’s deployed, and it’s used. That whole chain involves lots of other actors, so we have a responsibility as a private sector to work with each and every one of those, hear their concerns, and see and work together to think about how we deploy and use this technology responsibly. We have an enormous responsibility. Part of it, I’ll say one last thing, we have a responsibility to be transparent, and to help build trust. If this technology is going to have the impact that we think it’s going to have, the public has to trust it, the public has to feel that we and everybody else who’s developing, deploying, and using it, is held accountable. So we have a profound responsibility.

Ian Bremmer: And an interesting point there here is a technology that frankly a lot of people in the global south are more excited about and trust more than a lot of people in the advanced world also an opportunity. Right a fundamental opportunity thing about governments, but Alondra you wanted to come in and then I’m turning to Dr. Wang

Alondra Nelson: I just I think one of the things that we were grappling with is that it’s a fundamental different moment for different moment for multilateralism Right because of exactly what James said not only because you have if we think about something about multilateral action around nuclear Right, those are often owned by states or utilities. And so you have a whole different ecosystem these are technologies that are often coming out of the private sector almost exclusively or a lot of the R&D is coming out of the private sector and then as James suggested you have this sort of series of Stakeholders along the sort of lifecycle of them and that’s a whole so part of what we were grappling with was not just you know How do you govern a dynamic iterative technology? But how do you do it in a way that also is at the same time trying to reimagine what multilateralism looks like when you have when you have to have a Multistakeholder system in a way that you did not when we were trying to think about how do we do nuclear nonproliferation? it’s a completely different set of Actors with different kinds of different sets of power and different kinds of asymmetry than we’ve had to deal with before.

Ian Bremmer: I mean there are US China arms control agreements on AI that will be required But but that’s not what we’re talking about right here. Now. Dr. Wang you you are a scientist and indeed when when you started out There weren’t that many with PhDs in your field in your company. You’re also in the private sector I’m wondering how you are navigating how you think about those tensions and how those tensions are changing as AI is Moving so much faster is becoming so much more transformative as we’re talking about what governance Multistakeholder governance should look like.

Jian Wang: Yeah, I think there’s a different way to look at it. The first thing, you know think about in the UN level Actually, I feel pretty good because you know of the good structure. Like we have the United Nations, we have UNESCO, we have the ITU, these are part of the global organization. And ITU could be a very critical role in terms of technology development. And UNESCO, dealing with the science, dealing with the education and the culture, I think for any new challenge, particularly from new technology, you have to work with a different party and solve the problem from different perspective. You really cannot just solve the problem just by, you know, involve the government. You have to involve the different level of things. That’s one thing. But the scientists, I think, is very important. Get scientists, get individual involved to solve this problem. So for me, the governing is not just, you know, the responsibility of the organization, of government. It’s actually responsible to every people. Just like in the last couple of years, I’m working with the scientists in UK and the scientists in the United States, working together on the geoscience problem. And the more interesting, you know, eventually, actually not eventually, later this year, we bring this new technology to Africa. So individual could make a great deal to help solve this problem. So for me, just like the conversation today, and technology is not just creating a problem. The technology is bringing the people together, even though today is a different way to bring people together. But eventually, you know, different people love this technology. They will work together and solve the challenge. So I’m pretty confident, you know, any problem, you know, created by the human could be solved by a human being.

Ian Bremmer: So this is the most inclusive, proactive conversation I’ve seen on big governance issues, frankly, in the UN in a long time. I’m gonna now shift to implementation and to someone who’s been tasked with some of the most challenging problems in the world on that. front, Volker, none of us envy your position. As you think about AI and how AI can be used, can be implemented by governments, by non-state actors to allow impunity or to facilitate transformation and effective governance, where do you think it’s going right now and what do you think needs to be implemented as a result of these recommendations?

Volker Turk: Well, first of all, congratulations that you got the report out. I think it’s a minor miracle that you have been able to do it and really congratulations to you. When you mentioned mandate, no, you mentioned legitimacy, reach and mandate. I would add normative framework and you have mentioned it. It’s about human rights. We do not have to reinvent the wheel. We have an existing framework that is dynamic, that evolves, that deals with also the future issues and human rights is at the core of it. Because if you are not aware of the impact that anything that happens in this world on freedoms, on fundamental freedoms or on individual rights, if that is not analysed, it’s going to be a problem. And the advantage is it’s a universal framework. So it’s not about global south, global north, west versus someone else. It is universal and that is still agreed at this point in time by everyone. We had a big event on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights last year. There was no detractor from that, no spoiler. So we have that framework. It’s intergenerational. It’s not just about now, it’s also about the past because in some instances you have to deal with the grievances. of the past, but it is primarily also about the future, so it has this intergenerational dimension and it brings us back to human agency and to human dignity, which is whenever anything happens in this world, including on the digital, on the AI front, you will have to take into account. And it is multi-stakeholder. A human rights framework is by nature multi-stakeholder. We cannot do anything on the human rights front if you didn’t, if it wasn’t nourished by social movements, by civil society, by the private sector, and by member states. And actually, so we have a role model when we look at the implementation of how we can bring this to bear on the norms that states themselves have accepted, that the private sector through the business and human rights guiding principles have accepted, and how we can actually go into the granular detail that is needed in order to analyze how we are going to work.

Ian Bremmer: James wants to come in, but a quick follow-up for you first, which is people outside this room, people in this room know this. People outside this room don’t necessarily appreciate that 194 countries around the world agree on a lot of things. They agree on fundamental human rights, even if they don’t implement them. They agree, but they know what they are. They agree on sustainable development goals and where one would want humanity to go, even if right now most of them are not on track to being fulfilled. And hopefully, they agree on a global digital compact and how one deploys artificial intelligence to help ensure that we can actually get some of this better. So when you think about that, if you had a crystal ball, right now, do you believe over the next two, three years that AI is potentially on track to help actually implement, execute more of the things that we agree on but aren’t doing?

Volker Turk: Look, we are obviously at a very difficult geopolitical moment, no doubt about that. But we hopefully will have the global digital compact and the pact for the future. It’s a good beginning. beginning, it’s not enough, it will require a lot of dedicated attention to it, it will require continued multi-stakeholder conversations, it will require a governance framework that becomes more and more effective. Of course we are divided, polarised, we are not at the best place when it comes at the societal level to bring coherence to things, but this is precisely where whatever we can hang on to that works, including the report that you brought out, it actually shows that it is possible and we need to grab on to that and run with it.

Ian Bremmer: James?

James Manyika: Well you know, as you know well Ian, a couple of things that were on our minds when we were doing the work, one is the need to move and act very quickly, for at least two reasons that were centred in our work, the SDGs, the world’s behind, we’re all behind if you recall, we centred the need to contribute to accelerate the SDGs, the ITU has just done some phenomenal work that highlights that of something like the 169 goals in the SDGs, something like 134 of them could benefit and be accelerated using AI, we have to move. The second thing that was on our minds was the issues around capacity, and this is where especially the Global South comes to mind, because I grew up in the Global South, unless we’re able to give people access to this technology, both to participate and benefit from it, the risk of the digital divide becoming the AI divide is too huge, so we have to act, we have to act, that’s why one of our recommendations is around either the capacity fund or capacity network, we have to bring together a multi-stakeholder group that moves quickly to bring capacity and access to especially the Global South.

Ian Bremmer: I mean climate change, we didn’t really have decades, but the reality was you kind of could kick the can for a while and just let other people pay for it, the kids. You don’t have that time on this issue, which is why I don’t think I’m not surprised that everything happened in a year because, I mean, you need light speed to make that work. Carme, you want to come in and then Vilas.

Carme Artigas: Yes, exactly. I think these recommendations are only as good as our capacity to implement them as soon as possible. So as you have mentioned, and no of these recommendations are built on vacuum. We’re building on existing frameworks that already work, like human rights, but also the excellent work that UN agencies are already doing in their own domains. And that they will keep on doing that, and probably they will have much more burden of work around all these topics on AI. But we need additional instruments because there is still a global governance deficit. And because this is so horizontal, it requires so much coordination. So this is why we did not recommend, as the first thing, an international agency. Because that takes a long time, it’s a big institution, and we will see if that comes.

Ian Bremmer: And the governments, they were not ready to approve that. If you’d announced it, it wouldn’t have happened.

Carme Artigas: I don’t know, but we are proposing things that are actionable, and that we believe that in less than 18 months’ time can be ready for work. Because that’s what we need. And I think that governance is far from an innovator, it’s a catalyzer, and it’s an enabler. And I think that’s what we should be focused on.

Ian Bremmer: An agenda setter?

Carme Artigas: Of course. But I think having this conversation, and these conversations, was not the public opinion one year ago. And I think we are starting a conversation now that I hope is followed beyond the Global Digital Compact, and the companies and the governments and all the institutions will support our recommendation.

Ian Bremmer: I mean, this is the sneaky thing about the UN, right? Which is that, you know, you actually put it together, you imagine it, you start actually having conversations that other people aren’t having, and they will, default, become what people are talking about.

Vilas Dhar: Here’s the power in it, Ian. I think you’re exactly right. There is a way to talk about this that is the law of big numbers. That AI is the story of billions of dollars of investment, millions of lines of code. The foundation models that have the most parameters. And you can almost turn it into a math problem. There were a number of experts on the body with me that were computer scientists. I think we probably would all say, I hated doing math homework as a kid. I certainly don’t want to do it now. It’s not the solution. Instead, what I think about is all of these things we are talking about aren’t really about put all the ingredients together, put them in a stew pot and get an answer. It’s think about the fact that almost all of this comes down to the experience of people on the ground. My brothers and sisters, my cousins, my uncles, my aunts in countries across the planet. And what we put forward in the report is a mechanism to think about real intervention that intersects with people where they are. We don’t think about capacity building as finding a few critical enablers and saying let’s invest in compute. Or let’s just make sure there are data sources. Instead, we think about a holistic network that says let’s actually look with communities at what their needs are and think about a mechanism by which we say there is massive resources across the system. There is those contextual pieces of a normative framework. There is that mandate and that integrity. But it doesn’t happen because any entity, the UN or otherwise, says we are now going to come in and build AI for the public good. Happens because we work with communities to say what do you need to build and want to build? The second recommendation in the report that’s relevant is this idea of a global fund. The idea that we actually need capital resources that sit apart from and outside of our political mechanisms that hold instead a moral responsibility to say we need to take the resources necessary for communities to define their digital agency and make sure that they have the economic resources that let them use that money in the way they need to to build what they do. Now, we haven’t defined the specific form of that fund for a very specific reason. This is something that needs to happen through a participatory mechanism. That through the global digital compact and the implementation that comes, we need to take rights, we need to take frameworks, we need to take capital and turn it into something that actually advances progress.

Ian Bremmer: Alondra, as someone who does public policy for a living, what do you take out of this? If you were in charge of global implementation, what would you, how would you think, not about priority. advertising, but how would you think about your agenda? What would you want to make sure that people are taking away from the next steps?

Alondra Nelson: Well, first I would go to process, because that’s what wonks do. But would it be, just to double click on what Vilash said, I mean, part of this process was a lot of consultation with lots of people from civil society, with the impacted communities. So if we really want to steer and shape these good outcomes, we need to figure out how to do that in part by engaging communities. So any implementation, exactly to Vilash’s point, has to include communities that are impacted, that are going to be impacted, need to have a seat at this table in this conversation, whether or not they have PhDs in computer science or can do math. That’s critically important. I think the other piece is that we don’t know enough. So I would also associate myself with Dr. Jian, and that we don’t know the science. I mean, if we think back about the high watermark of the COVID-19 pandemic, and there were lots of preprints and lots of papers, and I think in that context, perhaps it was okay to say, you know, we’re going to figure out the science as we’re, you know, we’re going to build a plane while we’re flying it. We actually don’t know enough about these systems and tools and models. A lot of what we do know, a few people know, a lot of people don’t know. So I think one of the sort of outcomes of the report is really a commitment to implementing a kind of common understanding. And we’re seeing across the, you know, sort of international ecosystem, different ways for doing that. We proposed in the report, creating an international panel for understanding AI, for the science of AI, that would complement work on AI safety, that would complement some of the other sort of multilateral and regional things that are happening. But even these have to be done in a way that is communicating that information to not only nation states, but sees the public as an audience for how these tools work, what they can do, what their limitations are, and how we can use that information to steer them to the good outcomes that I think many of us hope and want, but are not inevitable and are not unique inherently characteristics of the technology.

Ian Bremmer: And I’d like to believe that this panel right now is actually leading by example specifically on that. That’s what we’re trying to do on this stage right now, right? Volker, you wanted to go and then James.

Volker Turk: Just to, because I think it’s a very important discussion, because if you look at the future and what startups want to do these days, they will want to do something for the for the good, common good, public good, whatever you call it. But you need to fill it then with content. That’s where the human rights side comes in, because you want to do something that is of benefit to humanity. And we often hear that actually from those who are involved in this. That’s important. But there is also the risk side and we cannot avoid talking about the risks. And because risks, we can also look at it from like traffic regulations. I mean you’re going to hit another car if you don’t respect the traffic regulations. And it’s a little bit the same when it comes to innovation, to all kinds of creative work.

Ian Bremmer: I want to give James and Dr. Wang a chance to come in and then we’re going to turn to risks. And I’m going to go to you first, by the way, but go ahead James.

James Manyika: I want to just underscore something that Dr. Nelson just described, which is there’s so much more research still to do in this field. I mean I, in my day job, I oversee the research teams that are researching and building these systems. And the field is moving so quickly, the advance is coming so fast. There’s still a lot more that we still need to learn. Some of that is surprising as being incredibly beneficial. We have all these breakthroughs and landmark breakthroughs in science and other places. But some of them are risks that we’re still researching. So I think the research frontier, that’s why one of the key pieces in our recommendation was this idea of a scientific panel that tries to keep it. But it’s got to be one that works very, very differently than what say the IPCC does. It has to be real-time. IPCC does what, a report every seven years? We can’t do that here. So that’s why the ongoing research both to understand the benefits benefits, the potential, as well as the risks, is so fundamentally important. That’s why many of us are involved in a lot of these AI safety institutes and research to really work on the frontier of the risks.

Ian Bremmer: Dr. Wang, you want to come in?

Jian Wang: Yeah, I think that back to this research challenge, I think it’s something to bring up, you know, at this time. Just thinking about every year, we have more than 5 million paper published, probably some number even bigger than 5 million, that’s a lot of paper. And just like climate change, it’s a very, very complex system, and it takes time for people to really understand. And come to the AI, it’s even more complex than the climate change, okay. So I would say that really needs something new and a framework to bring the whole science community together. Again, I want to emphasize that, and with a UN framework, and otherwise, there’s no single science committee can solve this problem.

Ian Bremmer: And is it fair to say in this field that right now, especially when we look at the two countries that are leading the way in AI, U.S. and China, that the scientific community is actually getting further apart?

Jian Wang: And most of the time, I won’t look at this field based on the countries, okay. So if you look at the people who really pioneered this area, they are from Europe, okay, from Canada. So it is not just country by country, and you have to look at how the science community actually works, okay. So for me, actually, the reason that people are thinking about U.S. and China is just because they have good AI infrastructure, helped people do the research, okay. So I think for the UN, we have to make sure they have the global shared AI infrastructure so everybody could contribute, and everybody could contribute. to solve the problem, okay. This is actually how big tech companies should do as well. You know, it’s not just for your company, but it’s really on a shared infrastructure, particular technology infrastructure, I would say.

Ian Bremmer: For the rest of the people, yeah. Oh, okay. Who was first? No, to focus first. So, only because I want to shift towards, again, we can have a very upbeat conversation about where we want to get, but as you said very eloquently, the geopolitical environment right now, the trajectory is not towards more integration, more global cooperation. It’s actually towards more conflict, and the political and economic models that we thought we could kind of take for granted are themselves under siege. So, when you look at the AI initiatives that are now being put together against that geopolitical conflict, that context, where do you see the biggest challenges?

Volker Turk: Well, it is obviously, once the genie is out of the bottle, how do you control the genie? And I think- Once all sorts of actors have that technology. For instance, and this is a phenomenon that is not just in one part of the world. I mean, we get a lot of it. We actually get a lot of requests for advisory services from member states and startup companies all around the world who want to do the right thing. So, they’re asking us, what type of risk models do we use? How do we regulate? How do we get a multi-stakeholder system in place? And it’s incredibly important that we are very fast in making sure that these advisory services can be provided. We have done it with the big tech companies. I mean, I brought you one of the documents that came out of this, which looks at taxonomy of risks from a human rights perspective, which wants to really complement the existing risk frameworks and really say you need to look at obligations. when it impinges on individual freedoms and rights. And that work is incredibly important. It’s not about ethics anymore, it is about obligations that we have towards people.

Ian Bremmer: All right, please.

Carme Artigas: I just wanted to comment on all the discussions about risk. I don’t know if we all remember that we’re talking about machine learning and deep learning, the conversations were about fairness. All of a sudden, when generative AI came to scene, we forgot about the conversation of fairness, we focused the focus on risks, in most of them existential risk or risk for frontier AI models, and sometimes that is preventing us to look at the existing risks that we already have in the present, more on the sides of fundamental rights. And it’s very interesting, and I recommend everybody having access to the document, and an agenda we have included, which is a risk analysis, a risk survey, involving many countries in the world, different stakeholders, and how interesting it is to see the difference on perception of risks of global north, global south, men and women. And we’re talking about risk because we are not informed that we need this scientific panel on the real facts, sometimes we tend to be dramatic or probably overreacting, and we forget to talk about opportunities. And if we see how risk is perceived in the global south is less perceived, people are more concerned about the opportunities they can miss.

Ian Bremmer: But they’re being left out.

Carme Artigas: Absolutely. So let’s talk also about opportunities, let’s have scientific panel inform us, not only on the risk, more transparency from the private companies, of course, but also on the great opportunities. And I can mention the huge acceleration we can expect on achieving the sustainable development goals, and also how can we allow for education and public health and universality. And I think that is the discussion that we still need to have.

Ian Bremmer: So the principle global risk here is that the lack of resources, the lack of urgency, means the digital divide becomes an AI divide, and we end up splitting apart much farther, right? And humanity doesn’t look like humanity very much in that environment. right?

James Manyika: No, it doesn’t. I mean, I was going to interject very, very quickly. If you remember in our work, one of the fascinating observations for me is when we’re talking about the risks, we often talked about misapplication and misuse. Several members in our body said, please add missed uses. If you remember that word, it’s actually in there. Missed opportunities. And that was mostly some of the members in the Global South thinking about the missed opportunities when this technology could actually transform their lives, circumstances. But all of that hinged on this ability, having the capacity to be able to participate. And we spent a lot of time thinking about the enabling infrastructure, the enablers to enable participation that range everything from very basic things that are in the digital compact like broadband connectivity, even electricity, right? In addition to access to models and compute. So I think this question of access and capacity is so fundamental to the inclusivity part of this conversation.

Ian Bremmer: So addressing the missed opportunity isn’t like, oh, we’re paying you because we’re doing something wrong. It’s because you’re actually creating market opportunities. I mean, it should be additive.

Alondra Nelson: Can I jump in here and just have a slight push back a little bit? I mean, I do think, so we did hear quite a lot from people in the global majority that they didn’t want to be left out. But there were also concerns about climate and sustainability, about the mining of critical minerals, about the extraction of labor that has to be done to train data. So I want to be very clear about what we’re hearing on the sort of landscape of inequality when you think about the entire AI stack and not just the sort of deployed tool or system.

Ian Bremmer: It feels like a race, right? I mean, on the one hand, you need these tools to address the challenges, but making the tools is also going to strain the challenges. Yeah? Please.

Vilas Dhar: I mean, we assume that inertia is the problem, right? We assume that inertia is inevitability, that the ways that we develop are the only ways can do it. Today, in this building, we are showing an AI model in a collaboration with Rafik Anadol, who I know is friends with many of us, a model that’s trained on 100 million pieces of data, sourced ethically with community consent from across the planet, trained on a model that uses only renewable power, that goes slow rather than fast, that generates incredible pieces of aesthetic beauty, and can also be used to build a predictive climate model that lets us test interventions. AI doesn’t have to be an attack against our climate sustainability. What we have to change instead is the why behind our reasons for moving so fast, for what the commercial purposes are that are often putting us in conflict against things like political rights, economic rights, climate issues, and more. There are other ways. Risks are not deterministic. We talk about risks so we can come up with better paths to better futures.

Ian Bremmer: Do you buy that? I mean, I’m asking… Thank you.

Alondra Nelson: I do. I do. I mean, I think that we are, you know, we talk quite a lot about a few organizations, but we have other organizations that are creating different models or trying to think about the sustainability issue. And I think we should be, if we’re really serious about advancing on the SDGs, we should need to be really serious about the sustainability issues and about, I think, a growing conversation that says we just need more energy, full stop, and, you know, whatever happens, you know, so be it. And so we, I think particularly in a place, in a conversation at the UN, we’ve got to figure out a way to hold all those things together and put them in balance, even understanding that it’s going to be very hard to do. And I think this is, that’s innovation, right? I mean, I think that we have had other moments where we said, you know, you’ve got to, you’ve mentioned seatbelts, seatbelts in the cars, we put guardrails on the road that allow you to sort of go where you want to go, steer a little bit faster. I mean, there are other kinds of historical moments in which we have had to make choices about how we want to advance things. And I would, you know, I think one of the challenges that we want to offer to the world, particularly to the scientific community, is how do you build these models more sustainably? How do you build data centers that are cooler, that use less water? I mean, it is a, like, it’s a, it is, these are the scientific challenges. engineering challenges of our time. And I think for many scientists, they’re incredibly exciting to think about as puzzles and how do we incentivize that?

Ian Bremmer: So we have only three minutes left. And I wanna use that for our two co-chairs, if you don’t mind. And I wanna ask both of you, take a step back. Is this a historic moment? In 10 years time, do we go back? Is there a COP process for artificial intelligence? Are we thinking differently about global AI? Are we applying our models in ways that are more inclusive, more integrative because of what is being done right now? Do you believe that? I wanna ask both of you, what it means for you. James.

James Manyika: I think this is a very important moment. One of the things that gives me enormous confidence is the fact that we’re still so early in the development of this technology. The fact that we’re having these debates, these discussions, this early in the development of a technology that still is in its early stages gives me a lot of hope. The fact that we’re able to at least agree on fundamental principles that should guide the development of this technology, that gives me enormous hope. The fact that we can actually have a multi-stakeholder conversation about this and come together to think about, so how do we do this? It goes back to what you said, Ian. The fact that we very quickly got to agree on basic principles and that much of the debate and hard work all had to do with how do we do it, that gives me hope. So I’m actually quite optimistic about all of this. I think, but it’s only incumbent on everybody here and all of us in the room to make sure we progress this with humanity’s best interests at the center of what we do with this technology.

Ian Bremmer: Carme, you get a minute.

Carme Artigas: I’m absolutely confident that here, in changing times, we have managed to develop AI for the good of humanity with more inclusiveness, with more opportunity to all, not only relying to the goodwill of organizations and governments, but we have. created really the governance instruments to make it happen and that we would look back to today of today and say, we were proposing the right thing, but most important, the nations were brave enough to adopt them.

Ian Bremmer: So before we close, I want to thank you to the panel, but I know everybody here would be a little remiss if we didn’t ask our friend Amandeep to stand up, our special envoy who made this process work. Tireless, tireless efforts, incredibly balanced decency, moral guidance and integrity and reflects everything that we are hoping for on this panel would not be happening if he wasn’t there. And I just want to thank you for everybody here. Thanks so much for joining us. We’re out of time and we’ll see you soon.

Redi Thlabi: Thank you so much, Ian, for this marvelous moderating of that panel and to your panelists as well. So much love, respect and affection, I see, but we’ve got to move along to the next segment of the program. Thank you all so very much. Thank you. I’ll introduce our next guest once we’ve all settled down to prepare for the next speaker as we wind down to the final segment of our convening this afternoon. I’d like us to settle down so we can give the president his moment and an opportunity to address us as we take the final steps to our event today. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, again, please help me in starting this joint closing. Help me welcome, a warm welcome, he’s travelled a long way to be here. Western Africa is a long way from here. His Excellency, I’m not going to call him up until we’ve all settled. I think it is appropriate. I think it is appropriate to demonstrate our own commitment, our own respect, and a word that Ian used earlier, decency, in describing Amandeep Singh Gill, UN Secretary General’s envoy on technology. So I’d like us to afford the same warmth and decency to our next speaker. It is a pleasure to welcome on stage his Excellency, the President of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi, for his closing comments.

Mokgweetsi Masisi: Mr. Secretary General, Excellencies, I wish to express my profound gratitude to the Secretary General of the United Nations, His Excellency Antonio Guterres, for the invitation to participate in the Action Days session ahead of the summit of the future that is scheduled for 22nd to the 23rd September 2024, particularly on the segment of the digital track. Recommendations go to all the speakers and presenters on the digital future for all for highlighting the significance of digital justice. Digital technology is pivotal in global transformation. The effects of its impact can either be positive or negative, depending on how we harness the opportunities and mitigate challenges. However, the scope of positive impact remains high if we can collectively work towards this end. It is critical to make a link between digital inclusion and digital cooperation to bridge the divide between nation-states and within nation-states. We need to recognize that the digital divide emanates from disparities between the developed and developing countries. Technology has the potential to advance the promotion and acceleration of closing the gap in opportunities between genders and, consequently, can lead to the attainment of gender parity goals. More importantly, digital space has the potential to advance the promotion of human rights, if unimpeded. Furthermore, issues of international peace and security leverage on the use of digital technologies to inform the world of the threats and challenges that need to be addressed. Botswana, therefore, commits to be part of the brigade that flags the criticality of the potential of digitalization and cautions of its threats. Thus, my Administration has prioritized digitalization as one of its priorities within its flagship strategy of the Reset and Reclaim Agenda. I assure you of the Republic of Botswana Government’s commitment to continue to be open and amplify our voice on issues of digitalization. It is also my fervent hope that the global aspirations outlined in the Global Digital Compact would close gaps, create inclusivity, and promote access. by once again extending my sincere appreciation to the Secretary-General and all other key stakeholders for a productive session as we all look towards the summit of the future tomorrow. Thank you.

Redi Thlabi: Thank you very much. And now, for the final segment of our closing, a pleasure to welcome Amdip Singh Jo, UN Secretary-General’s envoy in technology. If you could also join him on stage, please. We heard from you earlier this morning Achim Steiner, Administrator of UNDP. If you can also come with him at the same time, thank you. Thank you. Doreen Bogdan-Martin, Secretary-General of the ITU. If you could also kindly come on stage, please. I’ll pick on you first, Amandeep, to speak, okay? Thank you.

Amandeep Singh Gill: And thank you to all of you for being here with us at this moment, this very important moment. And I want to thank my partners in this endeavour, Doreen and Achim, and their teams for the incredible work that we’ve been able to do together. I have only three points to share with you as reflection from the day. First, the importance of connection. And as we heard in the video, it’s not about connecting the circuits, it’s about connecting the people. So it’s the connections across people, people from different geographies, different backgrounds, different sectors, different lived experiences. We can only get the digital future right. if we connect people. The other second point that I take away from the day is the importance of not retreating into silos. Everything is connected. We can’t deal with AI without dealing with data. We can’t deal with either without dealing with digital public infrastructure and connectivity and so on. So we need to take a holistic view. And the last point I want to share is the importance of humility. I think we need to listen more than we speak. All of us who are in the policy space need to be very, very humble about what their understanding of technology is, what its implications are. We need to work together. We need to constantly update ourselves and hang out with the right people so that we can bring their insights, their valuable insights, into our policy work and improve the quality of our policy responses. So thank you very much. It’s a very exciting moment. It’s a very sobering moment at the same time. There’s a lot of work ahead. But with you, we can get there. Thank you.

Redi Thlabi: Thank you so much. I think you can speak at the podium or on your microphone. It’s up to you.

Achim Steiner: I’ll just use the microphone. And thank you, I will not use the teleprompter because it’s really just two things that I want to say. One is a really big thank you. You and we and all of us in the UN today had a treat. We listened to presidents, to CEOs, to young entrepreneurs, to artists, to people who, together with science, engineering, technology, are able to walk again, at least, with the help of technology. We’ve had an extraordinary day. And I hope that what you can take away from this SDG Digital Day and also this prospect of AI that to all of us is still somewhat unknown, even though we know it is going to be central to our lives as we think into the future, is this age of possibility. There is so much in the world right now that makes… everyone feel like they live under a cloud and sometimes you lose perspective. I think today I hope you all got a sense of what an extraordinary age we live in and if we make the right choices what an extraordinary age it can be for the next generation and for everyone. In that spirit I want to thank Amandeep, I want to thank Doreen, our staff who’ve actually been working for weeks on all of this and everybody else who supported this day today by turning it into something that I hope the United Nations will always be known for. Even in the darkest days there is hope and it will be done and it will be led by people. Thank you so much.

Doreen Bogdan-Martin: Thank you, thank you Achim and thank you Amandeep and indeed it has been an extraordinary, extraordinary day. Sustainable, inclusive, responsible. Three concepts at the heart of our digital track during the summit of the future action days and I would like to add to that hope because nothing gives me more hope for our shared digital future than all of you. Our brilliant innovators, our partner to connect pledgers, our digital game changers, you showed us technology can be co-created with the people it’s built for involving them directly as decision makers in design. You showed us how to make digital work with the lived realities of people in developing countries and underserved and vulnerable populations. You showed us how emerging tech from augmented reality to AI can help boost our planet’s resilience while supporting climate action. You showed us how digital skill building can lead to decent work and economic prosperity. in the unlikeliest of places against all odds. You showed us what peace tech can do to rescue the SDGs. You even showed us how much it will take, literally, an investment to connect everyone everywhere by 2030 through the Connecting Humanity Action Blueprint mentioned by Saudi Arabia. And you showed us your commitment to do what it takes through new Partner to Connect pledges. And I thank you for those new pledges. Ladies and gentlemen, we are the SDG generation. A digital future full of hope, possibility, and ambition is in our hands. And I want to thank each and every one of you for giving us a glimpse today. You gave us a glimpse of what is possible. We may have come to the end of our first Digital Action Day, our second SDG Digital, but the action certainly does not stop here. It can’t. Because too much is at stake. Fired up by hope, let’s take everything that we’ve learned today, let’s go out there and let us build a more sustainable, inclusive, and responsible digital future for all. And let’s build it together. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, as we wrap up, and as Akeem already mentioned, I think it’s important to understand this really was a team effort here. And I also want to acknowledge all of the staff, and if I may, can I ask the staff to just stand up? Because this wouldn’t have happened without our amazing teams. I know it’s dark in the room. Thank you.

Redi Thlabi: Thank you very much. Now that’s leadership, because often we say we leave no one behind, but we forget the people who are doing the groundwork, who perhaps don’t have the opportunity to shine on the global stage. So I find that very inspirational indeed. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, let me thank you, all of you, for being here today. It’s been a long day. I’ve got nothing to add to all the challenging, inspiring messages that we’ve heard today as we journey together towards a digital future for all. For all. Now, the last thing I’m going to tell you is that that online forum or platform where you can make your inputs is going to be up tomorrow after world leaders have adopted the Global Digital Compact. Please speak honestly, share what you know, what you think, what you’ve experienced, and take the learnings from today as you make your input. We look forward to them. Thank you so very much for today. Goodbye.

C

Carme Artigas

Speech speed

172 words per minute

Speech length

963 words

Speech time

335 seconds

Unique UN position to lead global AI governance

Explanation

The UN is uniquely positioned to lead global AI governance due to its mandate, reach, and legitimacy. It can bring all nations and stakeholders to the table, building on its historical success in governing international issues.

Evidence

Examples of UN’s past success in governing climate change and arms control

Major Discussion Point

The importance and role of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Agreed with

Omar Al Olama

James Manyika

Tumi Makgabo

Volker Turk

Agreed on

Importance of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Balancing innovation and risk mitigation in AI governance

Explanation

AI governance should focus on both opportunities and risks, not just existential risks. There is a need to balance innovation with risk mitigation, considering the different perceptions of risks across global north and south.

Evidence

Risk analysis survey showing differences in risk perception between global north and south

Major Discussion Point

Governance and regulation of AI

Disagreed with

James Manyika

Disagreed on

Focus on risks vs opportunities in AI governance

O

Omar Al Olama

Speech speed

191 words per minute

Speech length

254 words

Speech time

79 seconds

GDC as starting point for future action on AI

Explanation

The Global Digital Compact is seen as a great starting point for future action on AI. It provides a framework for cooperation and action on AI governance.

Evidence

UAE’s commitment to be part of the roadmap put forward by the UN

Major Discussion Point

The importance and role of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Agreed with

Carme Artigas

James Manyika

Tumi Makgabo

Volker Turk

Agreed on

Importance of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

J

James Manyika

Speech speed

181 words per minute

Speech length

1479 words

Speech time

489 seconds

Need for multi-stakeholder approach in AI governance

Explanation

AI governance requires a multi-stakeholder approach due to the diverse nature of opportunities, risks, and inclusivity challenges. This approach involves companies, researchers, NGOs, governments, and civil society.

Evidence

Composition of the UN advisory body representing diverse stakeholders

Major Discussion Point

The importance and role of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Agreed with

Carme Artigas

Omar Al Olama

Tumi Makgabo

Volker Turk

Agreed on

Importance of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Need to bridge digital divide to prevent AI divide

Explanation

There is an urgent need to bridge the digital divide to prevent it from becoming an AI divide. This requires providing access to AI technology and building capacity, especially in the Global South.

Evidence

Recommendation for a capacity fund or network to bring AI access to the Global South

Major Discussion Point

Opportunities and challenges of AI for development

Agreed with

Tumi Makgabo

Sundar Pichai

Agreed on

Addressing the digital divide to prevent an AI divide

Role of private sector in responsible AI development

Explanation

The private sector has a significant responsibility in AI development, including conducting fundamental research, developing technology responsibly, and engaging with governments and other stakeholders. They also have a duty to be transparent and build public trust.

Evidence

Examples of private sector research labs leading AI development

Major Discussion Point

Governance and regulation of AI

Need for real-time scientific panel on AI developments

Explanation

There is a need for a scientific panel that can provide real-time insights on AI developments, both in terms of benefits and risks. This panel should work differently from existing models like the IPCC, given the rapid pace of AI advancements.

Evidence

Comparison with IPCC’s seven-year reporting cycle, which is too slow for AI

Major Discussion Point

Governance and regulation of AI

Addressing both risks and missed opportunities of AI

Explanation

AI governance should address not only the risks but also the missed opportunities, especially for the Global South. There is a need to focus on enabling infrastructure and capacity building to ensure inclusive participation in AI development and benefits.

Evidence

Inclusion of ‘missed uses’ in the advisory body’s risk discussions

Major Discussion Point

Ensuring AI benefits humanity

Agreed with

Sundar Pichai

Felix Mutati

Agreed on

AI’s potential to accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals

Disagreed with

Carme Artigas

Disagreed on

Focus on risks vs opportunities in AI governance

T

Tumi Makgabo

Speech speed

166 words per minute

Speech length

2102 words

Speech time

757 seconds

GDC addresses digital divides and inclusive governance

Explanation

The Global Digital Compact aims to address existing digital divides and promote more inclusive digital governance. It recognizes the need for a more equitable digital future.

Major Discussion Point

The importance and role of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Agreed with

James Manyika

Sundar Pichai

Agreed on

Addressing the digital divide to prevent an AI divide

V

Volker Turk

Speech speed

162 words per minute

Speech length

854 words

Speech time

315 seconds

GDC builds on existing human rights frameworks

Explanation

The Global Digital Compact builds on existing human rights frameworks, which provide a universal and dynamic foundation for addressing AI governance. This approach ensures that human rights considerations are central to AI development and deployment.

Evidence

Reference to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its continued relevance

Major Discussion Point

The importance and role of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Agreed with

Carme Artigas

Omar Al Olama

James Manyika

Tumi Makgabo

Agreed on

Importance of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Focusing on AI use cases that benefit humanity

Explanation

There is a need to focus on AI use cases that benefit humanity and contribute to the common good. This involves filling the concept of ‘public good’ with content that aligns with human rights principles.

Evidence

Mention of startups focusing on projects for the common good

Major Discussion Point

Ensuring AI benefits humanity

S

Sundar Pichai

Speech speed

136 words per minute

Speech length

1405 words

Speech time

618 seconds

AI can accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals

Explanation

AI has the potential to accelerate progress on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It can be applied to benefit humanity in various areas such as health, education, and climate action.

Evidence

Examples of AI applications in language translation, scientific discovery, and disaster prediction

Major Discussion Point

Opportunities and challenges of AI for development

Agreed with

James Manyika

Felix Mutati

Agreed on

AI’s potential to accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals

AI enables economic progress and entrepreneurship

Explanation

AI is enabling economic progress and entrepreneurship, especially in emerging markets. It can boost productivity across sectors and create new opportunities for businesses.

Evidence

Example of Gary Logistics in Ethiopia using AI to improve operations and create job opportunities

Major Discussion Point

Opportunities and challenges of AI for development

Agreed with

James Manyika

Tumi Makgabo

Agreed on

Addressing the digital divide to prevent an AI divide

J

Josephine Teo

Speech speed

141 words per minute

Speech length

795 words

Speech time

338 seconds

Importance of building AI capacity in developing countries

Explanation

There is a need to build AI capacity in developing countries to ensure they can participate in and benefit from AI advancements. This involves working with employers, providing individual learning support, and building training infrastructure.

Evidence

Singapore’s approach to enabling workers to acquire relevant skills for the future

Major Discussion Point

Opportunities and challenges of AI for development

F

Felix Mutati

Speech speed

98 words per minute

Speech length

411 words

Speech time

251 seconds

Potential of AI to transform lives in rural areas

Explanation

AI and digital technologies have the potential to transform lives in rural areas by providing access to information and services. This can lead to improved farming methods and economic opportunities.

Evidence

Example of a young farmer in rural Zambia using a mobile phone and internet to access weather forecasts and market prices

Major Discussion Point

Opportunities and challenges of AI for development

Agreed with

Sundar Pichai

James Manyika

Agreed on

AI’s potential to accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals

M

Margrethe Vestager

Speech speed

137 words per minute

Speech length

792 words

Speech time

345 seconds

Need for global cooperation on AI governance

Explanation

There is a need for global cooperation on AI governance to address challenges that individual countries cannot solve alone. The Global Digital Compact provides a framework for such cooperation.

Major Discussion Point

Governance and regulation of AI

Importance of enforceable AI regulation

Explanation

Enforceable AI regulation is crucial to create a systemic response to the challenges posed by AI. This includes legislation to keep markets open, ensure digital services are safe, and protect privacy.

Evidence

Examples of EU legislation like the Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act

Major Discussion Point

Governance and regulation of AI

A

Alondra Nelson

Speech speed

207 words per minute

Speech length

1177 words

Speech time

340 seconds

Centering human rights in AI development

Explanation

Human rights should be at the center of AI development and governance. This involves anchoring AI governance in fundamental human rights principles and international law.

Major Discussion Point

Ensuring AI benefits humanity

Need for sustainable and ethical AI development practices

Explanation

There is a need for more sustainable and ethical AI development practices. This includes addressing issues of climate sustainability, labor practices in data training, and the extraction of critical minerals.

Evidence

Mention of concerns about climate impact, labor exploitation, and resource extraction in AI development

Major Discussion Point

Ensuring AI benefits humanity

V

Vilas Dhar

Speech speed

217 words per minute

Speech length

859 words

Speech time

236 seconds

Importance of community engagement in AI development

Explanation

Community engagement is crucial in AI development to ensure that AI solutions meet the needs of the people they are intended to serve. This involves working with communities to understand their needs and involving them in decision-making processes.

Evidence

Proposal for a global fund to support community-defined digital agency

Major Discussion Point

Ensuring AI benefits humanity

Agreements

Agreement Points

Importance of the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Carme Artigas

Omar Al Olama

James Manyika

Tumi Makgabo

Volker Turk

Unique UN position to lead global AI governance

GDC as starting point for future action on AI

Need for multi-stakeholder approach in AI governance

GDC addresses digital divides and inclusive governance

GDC builds on existing human rights frameworks

Speakers agreed on the critical role of the Global Digital Compact in addressing AI governance, digital divides, and promoting inclusive development while building on existing frameworks.

Addressing the digital divide to prevent an AI divide

James Manyika

Tumi Makgabo

Sundar Pichai

Need to bridge digital divide to prevent AI divide

GDC addresses digital divides and inclusive governance

AI enables economic progress and entrepreneurship

Speakers emphasized the importance of bridging the digital divide to ensure equitable access to AI technologies and prevent further inequalities.

AI’s potential to accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals

Sundar Pichai

James Manyika

Felix Mutati

AI can accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals

Addressing both risks and missed opportunities of AI

Potential of AI to transform lives in rural areas

Speakers highlighted AI’s potential to contribute to sustainable development and improve lives, particularly in developing regions.

Similar Viewpoints

Both speakers emphasized the need for a balanced approach to AI governance that promotes innovation while mitigating risks through enforceable regulations.

Carme Artigas

Margrethe Vestager

Balancing innovation and risk mitigation in AI governance

Importance of enforceable AI regulation

Both speakers stressed the importance of grounding AI governance and development in existing human rights frameworks.

Volker Turk

Alondra Nelson

GDC builds on existing human rights frameworks

Centering human rights in AI development

Unexpected Consensus

Multi-stakeholder approach to AI governance

Carme Artigas

James Manyika

Vilas Dhar

Unique UN position to lead global AI governance

Need for multi-stakeholder approach in AI governance

Importance of community engagement in AI development

Despite representing different sectors (government, private sector, and civil society), these speakers unexpectedly agreed on the necessity of a multi-stakeholder approach to AI governance, emphasizing the importance of inclusive participation from various sectors and communities.

Overall Assessment

Summary

The main areas of agreement included the importance of the Global Digital Compact, the need to address digital divides, AI’s potential for sustainable development, the necessity of human rights-based approaches, and the importance of multi-stakeholder governance.

Consensus level

There was a high level of consensus among speakers on fundamental principles and goals for AI governance. This consensus suggests a strong foundation for global cooperation on AI development and regulation, which could facilitate more rapid progress in implementing the Global Digital Compact and related initiatives. However, the specific mechanisms for implementation and balancing various interests may still require further negotiation and refinement.

Disagreements

Disagreement Points

Focus on risks vs opportunities in AI governance

Carme Artigas

James Manyika

Balancing innovation and risk mitigation in AI governance

Addressing both risks and missed opportunities of AI

While both speakers acknowledge the need to address risks, Carme Artigas emphasizes the importance of not overlooking opportunities, especially for the global south, while James Manyika stresses the need to address both risks and missed opportunities equally.

Overall Assessment

Summary

The main areas of disagreement revolve around the balance between focusing on risks versus opportunities in AI governance, and the specific approaches to ensuring sustainable and ethical AI development.

Disagreement level

The level of disagreement among the speakers is relatively low. Most speakers agree on the fundamental principles and goals of AI governance, with differences mainly in emphasis and specific implementation strategies. This suggests a generally unified vision for the Global Digital Compact, which bodes well for its potential implementation and effectiveness.

Partial Agreements

Partial Agreements

Both speakers agree on the need for ongoing research and monitoring of AI developments, but James Manyika focuses on the speed and real-time nature of the panel, while Alondra Nelson emphasizes the importance of sustainability and ethical considerations in AI development.

James Manyika

Alondra Nelson

Need for real-time scientific panel on AI developments

Need for sustainable and ethical AI development practices

Both speakers recognize the potential of AI for development, but while Sundar Pichai focuses on the positive impacts, Alondra Nelson emphasizes the need to address sustainability and ethical concerns in AI development.

Sundar Pichai

Alondra Nelson

AI can accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals

Need for sustainable and ethical AI development practices

Similar Viewpoints

Both speakers emphasized the need for a balanced approach to AI governance that promotes innovation while mitigating risks through enforceable regulations.

Carme Artigas

Margrethe Vestager

Balancing innovation and risk mitigation in AI governance

Importance of enforceable AI regulation

Both speakers stressed the importance of grounding AI governance and development in existing human rights frameworks.

Volker Turk

Alondra Nelson

GDC builds on existing human rights frameworks

Centering human rights in AI development

Takeaways

Key Takeaways

The Global Digital Compact (GDC) is seen as a crucial starting point for global AI governance and cooperation

AI has significant potential to accelerate progress on Sustainable Development Goals and enable economic development

There is a need for inclusive, multi-stakeholder governance of AI that involves developing countries

Balancing innovation with risk mitigation is key in AI governance and regulation

Centering human rights and community engagement in AI development is essential

Building AI capacity and infrastructure in developing countries is critical to prevent an AI divide

Resolutions and Action Items

Launch of a Global AI Opportunity Fund by Google to invest $120 million in AI education and training globally

Proposal to establish a global fund on AI for sustainable development

Recommendation to create an international scientific panel on AI

Plan to make an online platform available for public input on the Global Digital Compact after its adoption

Unresolved Issues

Specific mechanisms for enforcing AI governance globally

Details on implementation of the proposed global fund on AI

How to effectively balance AI development with sustainability and climate concerns

Concrete steps to ensure AI benefits reach marginalized communities

Suggested Compromises

Using existing UN frameworks and agencies to implement AI governance rather than creating new institutions immediately

Focusing on both risks and opportunities of AI to address concerns of developed and developing nations

Balancing regulation with market incentives to encourage ethical AI development by companies

Thought Provoking Comments

We too often equate governance with control. And it’s part of a conversation that’s much bigger. I think we have followed a narrative that technology companies innovate and governments regulate and somehow in that the rest of us go along. But that’s not the point of governance, right? Governance is to set a shared vision for humanity, is to think about all of the resources we can bring to bear to make shared decisions that put agency with communities, that allow voices to participate and to come forward.

Speaker

Vilas Dhar

Reason

This comment reframes the concept of governance in a more inclusive and participatory way, challenging the typical narrative of top-down control.

Impact

It shifted the conversation towards considering governance as a collaborative process involving multiple stakeholders, not just governments and tech companies. This perspective was echoed by other panelists throughout the discussion.

We don’t think about capacity building as finding a few critical enablers and saying let’s invest in compute. Or let’s just make sure there are data sources. Instead, we think about a holistic network that says let’s actually look with communities at what their needs are and think about a mechanism by which we say there is massive resources across the system.

Speaker

Vilas Dhar

Reason

This comment provides a nuanced view of capacity building, emphasizing the importance of community needs and holistic approaches.

Impact

It deepened the discussion on implementation strategies, moving beyond technical solutions to consider social and community contexts.

We need to recognize that the digital divide emanates from disparities between the developed and developing countries. Technology has the potential to advance the promotion and acceleration of closing the gap in opportunities between genders and, consequently, can lead to the attainment of gender parity goals.

Speaker

Mokgweetsi Masisi

Reason

This comment highlights the interconnection between digital divides, global inequality, and gender disparities.

Impact

It broadened the scope of the discussion to include considerations of global equity and gender equality in digital development.

We don’t know enough. So I would also associate myself with Dr. Jian, and that we don’t know the science. I mean, if we think back about the high watermark of the COVID-19 pandemic, and there were lots of preprints and lots of papers, and I think in that context, perhaps it was okay to say, you know, we’re going to figure out the science as we’re, you know, we’re going to build a plane while we’re flying it. We actually don’t know enough about these systems and tools and models.

Speaker

Alondra Nelson

Reason

This comment acknowledges the limitations of current knowledge about AI systems and draws a parallel to the rapid scientific developments during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact

It introduced a note of caution and humility into the discussion, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and scientific understanding alongside policy development.

Connect the schools. Connect the young people. Connect my children.

Speaker

Nnenna Nwakanma

Reason

This simple yet powerful statement cuts through complex policy discussions to highlight a fundamental priority.

Impact

It refocused the conversation on the practical, human-centered outcomes of digital development, particularly for young people and education.

Overall Assessment

These key comments shaped the discussion by broadening its scope beyond technical and policy considerations to include community needs, global equity, scientific understanding, and practical human outcomes. They challenged conventional narratives about governance and implementation, emphasizing the importance of inclusive, participatory approaches and acknowledging the complexities and unknowns in the field of AI. The discussion evolved from high-level policy talk to considering concrete actions and their impacts on diverse communities, particularly in the Global South.

Follow-up Questions

How can we ensure AI benefits are distributed equitably and the digital divide does not become an AI divide?

Speaker

James Manyika

Explanation

This is critical to ensure AI does not exacerbate existing inequalities between developed and developing countries.

How can we build AI models and data centers more sustainably to address climate and environmental concerns?

Speaker

Alondra Nelson

Explanation

This is important to ensure AI development does not conflict with climate goals and sustainability efforts.

How can we create a real-time scientific panel to study and report on AI developments and impacts?

Speaker

James Manyika

Explanation

A rapid, ongoing research effort is needed to keep up with the fast pace of AI advancement and inform governance efforts.

How can we implement capacity building and create a global fund to support AI development in the Global South?

Speaker

James Manyika and Vilas Dhar

Explanation

This is crucial to enable developing countries to participate in and benefit from AI advancements.

How can we better involve impacted communities in shaping AI governance and development?

Speaker

Alondra Nelson

Explanation

Ensuring diverse voices are included is essential for creating AI systems that work for all of humanity.

How can we create a shared global AI infrastructure to enable more inclusive research and development?

Speaker

Jian Wang

Explanation

This could help democratize AI development and reduce concentration of power in a few countries or companies.

How can we balance discussions of AI risks with equal focus on opportunities, especially for the Global South?

Speaker

Carme Artigas

Explanation

A balanced approach is needed to fully realize AI’s potential while mitigating risks.

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed.

Intel moves photonics business to Data Centre division

As restructuring unfolds, Intel is making significant changes to its photonics business by moving its Integrated Photonics Solutions (IPS) into the Data Centre and Artificial Intelligence division (DCAI). The main goal is to better align its R&D efforts with core business priorities. This shift follows recent advancements in integrated photonics technology, including the first fully integrated optical compute interconnect (OCI) chipset, representing a major leap in high-bandwidth interconnect for AI and high-performance computing.

Intel’s Integrated Photonics Solutions (IPS) division specialises in light generation and optical signal modulation, which are key to addressing signal loss in high-density transistors. By utilising optical signals rather than electrical ones, silicon photonics technology facilitates faster data transmission and increased bandwidth. Since its 2016 launch, Intel’s silicon photonics platform has delivered millions of photonic integrated circuits and on-chip lasers, with widespread adoption among major cloud service providers.

Integrating IPS with DCAI underscores Intel’s dedication to advancing silicon photonics, a field also being quickly developed by rivals such as AMD and TSMC.

BlackDice and Bin Omran join forces to boost Qatar’s cybersecurity

BlackDice and Bin Omran Trading and Telecommunication have launched a strategic partnership to enhance Qatar’s cybersecurity infrastructure significantly. Combining their expertise will deliver state-of-the-art cybersecurity solutions, with BlackDice leveraging its AI-powered security and data intelligence to safeguard critical infrastructure and sensitive information.

Additionally, their collaboration will focus on strengthening the cybersecurity capabilities of major telecom operators in the region, thereby boosting network resilience and protecting extensive personal and financial data. Consequently, this comprehensive approach supports DA2030’s goal of creating a secure and resilient digital environment essential for Qatar’s economic diversification and social development.

By addressing the evolving needs of the digital landscape in Qatar, BlackDice and Bin Omran Trading and Telecommunication contribute to the nation’s ambition of becoming a global leader in technology and connectivity and ensuring robust protection against emerging cyber threats.

Saturday Opening Ceremony: Summit of the Future Action Days

Saturday Opening Ceremony: Summit of the Future Action Days

Session at a Glance

Summary

This discussion focused on the Declaration on Future Generations, a key component of the upcoming Summit of the Future at the United Nations. The opening ceremony featured speeches from UN Secretary-General António Guterres and other leaders, emphasizing the importance of inclusive multilateralism and addressing global challenges like climate change, inequality, and conflict. A panel of experts then explored the potential impact of the Declaration and ways to implement its goals.

Key themes included the need to consider long-term consequences of current decisions, incorporate diverse perspectives (especially from youth and indigenous communities), and reform global financial and governance systems to better serve future generations. Panelists highlighted specific actions governments could take, such as focusing on competitive economic sectors, bridging local and global concerns, and fostering social connections across generations.

The discussion underscored the interconnectedness of past, present, and future in addressing global issues. Participants stressed the importance of civil society pressure on governments and the need for wealthier nations to support climate adaptation in vulnerable countries. The conversation also touched on innovative approaches, such as using legal systems to advance intergenerational equity and rethinking economic models to benefit future Africans.

Overall, the discussion emphasized the transformative potential of the Declaration on Future Generations, while acknowledging the challenges in translating its principles into concrete action. Participants called for continued engagement from diverse stakeholders to ensure the Declaration leads to meaningful change in global governance and decision-making.

Keypoints

Major discussion points:

– The Declaration on Future Generations and its potential to transform global decision-making to consider long-term impacts

– The need for concrete actions and implementation to give life to the declaration’s principles

– The importance of including diverse voices, especially from youth, indigenous communities, and developing countries

– Economic opportunities and challenges in building a sustainable future, particularly for Africa

– The role of civil society in pressuring governments and driving change

Overall purpose:

The discussion aimed to build momentum and gather diverse perspectives on how to effectively implement the Declaration on Future Generations, which will be adopted at the upcoming Summit of the Future. Speakers explored ways to translate the declaration’s principles into meaningful action across sectors and regions.

Tone:

The tone was largely optimistic and forward-looking, with speakers expressing hope about the potential for positive change. However, there were also notes of urgency and concern about the scale of challenges facing future generations. The tone became more action-oriented as speakers discussed specific steps needed to realize the declaration’s goals.

Speakers

Speakers:

– Folly Bah Thibault – Journalist and global champion for Education Cannot Wait, served as host/moderator

– António Guterres – UN Secretary-General

– Matthew Dominick – NASA astronaut

– Jeanette Epps – NASA astronaut

– Astronauts from China Space Station (unnamed)

– Carole Osero-Ageng’o – Co-chair of UN Civil Society Conference

– Oli Henman – Co-chair of Coordination Mechanism of Major Groups and other stakeholders

– Saumya Aggarwal – Co-founder of Youth for Peace International

– Andrew Holness – Prime Minister of Jamaica

– Evelyn Wever-Croes – Prime Minister of Aruba

Panel discussion participants:

– Thomas Hale (Moderator) – Professor of global public policy at University of Oxford

– Hina Jilani – Lawyer, human rights defender, member of the Elders

– Abdullahi Alim – CEO of Africa Future Fund

– Paolo Baca – Deputy Director of De Justicia

Areas of expertise:

– Folly Bah Thibault: Journalism, education advocacy

– António Guterres: International diplomacy, UN leadership

– Astronauts: Space exploration, international cooperation

– Carole Osero-Ageng’o & Oli Henman: Civil society engagement, stakeholder coordination

– Saumya Aggarwal: Youth advocacy, peacebuilding

– Andrew Holness & Evelyn Wever-Croes: Government leadership, international relations

– Thomas Hale: Global public policy, long-term governance challenges

– Hina Jilani: Human rights law, civil society advocacy

– Abdullahi Alim: African economic development, future-oriented investment

– Paolo Baca: Indigenous rights, environmental law

Full session report

Expanded Summary of Discussion on the Declaration on Future Generations

Introduction

This discussion focused on the Declaration on Future Generations, a key component of the upcoming Summit of the Future at the United Nations. The event featured an opening ceremony with speeches from UN Secretary-General António Guterres and other leaders, followed by a panel discussion moderated by Thomas Hale, exploring the potential impact of the Declaration and ways to implement its goals.

Opening Ceremony

UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized the need for intergenerational solidarity and responsibility in addressing global challenges. He called for more inclusive multilateralism, greater representation of developing countries, and reforms to international financial institutions.

Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica, stressed the importance of embedding futures thinking in decision-making processes. He outlined key components of the Declaration, including its purpose to safeguard the interests of future generations and promote long-term thinking in governance.

Evelyn Wever-Croes, Prime Minister of Aruba, further elaborated on the Declaration’s aims to ensure that present actions do not compromise the well-being of future generations.

Panel Discussion

1. Youth Perspective – Saumya Aggarwal, Youth for Peace International

Aggarwal advocated for meaningful youth participation in policymaking and investing in youth-led solutions. She presented specific recommendations from the Youth Action Day, including:

– Establishing a UN Youth Office

– Creating a UN Special Envoy for Future Generations

– Implementing a Global Citizens’ Assembly

2. Indigenous and Global South Perspective – Paolo Baca, Deputy Director of De Justicia

Baca offered insights on time from Andean indigenous cultures, challenging Western assumptions about intergenerational relationships. He discussed a Colombian court case granting rights to future generations, highlighting its outcomes and implementation challenges.

3. African Perspective – Abdullahi Alim, CEO of Africa Future Fund

Alim provided context on demographic shifts in Africa, noting that “One billion Africans will be born in the next generation alone.” He outlined the Africa Future Fund’s goals, including:

– Restructuring debt measurement and management for African countries

– Focusing on competitive economic sectors to drive growth

– Leveraging Africa’s demographic dividend for sustainable development

4. Human Rights and Civil Society – Hina Jilani, Lawyer and Human Rights Defender

Jilani emphasized the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable communities and the need to compensate developing countries. She stressed the importance of:

– Civil society pressure on governments to drive change

– Developing plans for socially connected communities

– Strengthening UN human rights mechanisms

She also referenced an intergenerational call to action issued by the Elders.

5. Civil Society Engagement – Carole Osero-Ageng’o, Co-chair of UN Civil Society Conference

Osero-Ageng’o stressed the importance of intergenerational dialogue and collaboration in addressing global challenges.

6. UN System Reform – Oli Henman, Co-chair of Major Groups Coordination Mechanism

Henman emphasized the need to strengthen UN human rights mechanisms and reform global governance structures to better serve future generations.

Key Themes and Outcomes

1. Intergenerational Solidarity and Long-term Thinking

2. Inclusive Multilateralism and Diverse Perspectives

3. Global Challenges and Opportunities, particularly climate change and demographic shifts

4. Reforming Global Financial and Governance Systems

5. Role of Civil Society and Community Building

Concrete Actions Proposed

– Appointing a UN Special Envoy for Future Generations

– Establishing a UN Youth Office

– Implementing a Global Citizens’ Assembly

– Developing plans for socially connected communities

– Restructuring debt measurement for African countries

– Providing compensation and resources to developing countries facing climate impacts

Conclusion and Next Steps

The discussion concluded with a sense of optimism about the potential for positive change, tempered by an acknowledgment of the urgent challenges facing future generations. An upcoming forum was announced to check on progress in implementing the Declaration. The Summit of the Future Action Days was mentioned as a platform for continued engagement and action.

A visual scribe created a summary of the session, capturing key points and themes graphically.

As the event concluded, it was clear that while the Declaration on Future Generations offers transformative potential, translating its principles into concrete action will require ongoing effort, collaboration, and innovative thinking across sectors and regions.

Session Transcript

Folly Bah Thibault: summit of the future action days. Yes! I love the energy already. Loving the energy. My name is Folly Bah Thibault, a journalist and global champion for Education Cannot Wait, the United Nations Education Fund for Emergencies and Protected Crises. I’m thrilled to be your host this morning as we gather here in New York to reimagine how we can all work together to address the opportunities and challenges of our time. Now on day one of the action days Friday, we saw what meaningful youth engagement looks like in practice in shaping our common future. We heard from youth leaders about the importance of cross-generational collaboration to create lasting solutions on crucial issues like climate change, gender equity, and women and girls empowerment. We’ll hear more about their recommendations from the youth rapporteur who will be joining us on stage in just a few moments. In today’s sessions, we are bringing together a broad and diverse set of global leaders and actors from all across sectors. They’ll share their ideas and experiences on how to advance on critical themes including digital and technology, peace and security, and sustainable development and financing. In addition to those themes, we’ll have a dedicated focus throughout the day on future generations. Throughout this opening ceremony, ladies and gentlemen, we’ll also have a visual scribe working in the background to create a visual summary of this session so you won’t miss anything at the end of the day. But first, to open this exciting day, it’s my pleasure and honor to welcome the United Nations Secretary-General, His Excellency António Guterres.

António Guterres: Excellencies, dear friends, all protocol observed. Welcome to the summit of the Future Action Days, which kicked off yesterday with a youth-led afternoon. A day full of ideas, energy, hope and expectation, and a perfect reminder of why we are here. Today promises to be just as dynamic. Looking out, I see world leaders, I see mayors and legislators, I see civil society, the private sector, academics, artists, activists and young people. You come from every corner of the world, every generation and every walk of life. Friends, this is what effective, inclusive, networked multilateralism must look like. Four years ago, we began the process that brings us here today. And because we saw a world in trouble, torn apart by conflict and inequalities, threatened by climate chaos and unregulated technologies, with the Sustainable Development Goals in peril, with many countries now mirrored in disastrous debt and the cost of living crisis. We saw our multilateral institutions ailing, unable to respond to contemporary challenges, let alone those of tomorrow. We saw faith in multilateral solutions eroding. And we saw trust in each other dissipating just when we needed it most. So we began a journey to reform, to renew the international system, so that it meets the moment and is fit for the future. We need multilateralism that is more inclusive, more effective and more networked, with stronger links between international institutions and with the people. That means greater representation in developing countries, and it means a stronger voice for all of you and what you represent. This ambition was rooted in some clear truth. The world belongs to us all. People want a say in the decisions that affect them. And while governments have primary responsibility that we do not deny, we will not solve today’s global problems without contributions from all of society, from civil society and young people, delivering change, promoting accountability, demanding better standing up for truth and justice, and using new technologies to organize for a better world. From business and finance, critical to combating the climate crisis and shaping our digital future for the benefit of all. From scientists, innovators and academics, pushing the boundaries of our knowledge and developing solutions to the great challenges that we face, from hunger and disease to online aid. Dear friends, over the past four years, the people in this room and your colleagues around the world participated in the most consultative process ever undertaken by the United Nations. We have seen a total of 1.5 million people, from every one of our member states, involved in discussions and consultations everywhere. Hundreds of civil society groups in putting into the Pact for the Future the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations and thousands of written contributions. Together, you have pushed for vision ambition and I thank you for that. We have now three milestone texts that are on the table which must open the door to changes our world in a way that it desperately needs. The pact for the future must lay the ground for reform. Reform of the outdated United Nations Security Council to make it more effective but also more representative of what the world is today. Reform of our international financial institutions so that they supercharge resources for sustainable development and for climate action. Reforms of the rules governing outer space currently a chaotic free-for-all and reform how we respond to complex global shocks and work together on peace and security. On the other hand the Global Digital Compact must be a blueprint for closing digital divides and the first universal agreement on artificial intelligence laying the foundations for a global platform centered at the UN that can bring all actors together. The Declaration on Future Generations must commit leaders to take tomorrow into account as they make decisions today and gender equality and human rights must weave through every aspect of those texts reflecting the fact that they are fundamental to every area of life. Excellences, friends, the issues at the heart of these texts justice, rights, peace and equality have animated my work for decades driving me forward. I know the same is true for many of you. I will not give up. and I know that you won’t either. The adoption of these texts will not be the end of the journey. It will simply be a new beginning. Our next task is to breathe life into these texts, to put words into action, and to use them to set humanity on a better course. Your continued engagement, commitment and pressure will be vital. That work starts with these Action Days. We look forward to hearing your ideas and solutions on what these new frameworks mean for you and how, together, you can help to make them a reality. A renewed multilateralism will not be built in a day or by governments alone. It will be fuelled and carried forward by all of you and the groups that you represent. We have fought for ambition. Now, let’s fight for action together. On behalf of the United Nations, thank you for joining us in this vital task.

Folly Bah Thibault: Thank you. Now, our next speakers exemplify the essence of international collaboration. There are currently multiple astronauts in space, and we have the privilege to hear from some of them. The crews on board the International Space Station and the Tianyong Space Station orbiting above us are quite literally showing us that global teamwork knows no bounds. Cosmonauts of the Russian Federation on the ISS are currently changing shifts, as you’ll appreciate their safety is of paramount importance. Ladies and gentlemen, let’s now take a giant leap, well, a virtual one at least, into space with this message from astronauts on the International Space Station and the Tianyong Space Station. Take a look.

Matthew Dominick: Greetings from the International Space Station. I’m NASA astronaut Matthew Dominick with my crewmate, Jeanette Epps. International cooperation and collaboration in space are just as critical to our work aboard this international research lab as it is back on Earth.

Jeanette Epps: On the ISS, we do research in microgravity that is not possible on Earth. From our unique vantage point in space, we can better understand our changing planet. NASA’s Earth Science Mission, many implemented with our partnerships around the world, are helping decision makers improve life on Earth, safeguard our future, and help us discover and innovate for the benefit of all.

Matthew Dominick: As you gather this week for the UN General Assembly, we encourage all nations to help assure peaceful, safe, and sustainable space exploration for the benefit of humankind.

China Space Station: We greet everyone from China’s space station. The peaceful use of outer space is a common goal for humanity. In a summit of the future, countries will jointly explore important issues such as multilateralism and international cooperation in the field of space under the framework of the UN, which will have significant impact on global governance of outer space. We feel honored to participate in it. China has always adhered to the peaceful use of outer space. The China Space Station, a landmark project of China’s space industry, officially entered a new stage of application and development in 2023 after two years of on-orbit assembly and construction. The China Space Station belongs not only to China but also to the world. As early as 2019, the Chinese Government opened the utilization resources of China’s Space Station to other countries to ensure that more countries could participate in manned space technology and application research, which was a strong support to the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. We are willing to continue to conduct space exchange and cooperation with other countries and actually promote building a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of outer space based on equality, mutual benefit, peaceful use, and inclusive development. We wish the UN Summit of the Future a complete success. Thank you.

Folly Bah Thibault: Isn’t that just amazing? Amazing. Thank you to the incredible astronauts on board the ISS and the Tiangong Space Station for that out-of-this-world message, as you saw. Only at the UN can you see such great things, right? Their vantage point reminds us that while we may be separated by vast distances, our shared challenges and aspirations unite us all. So thank you once again to the astronauts. Now let’s bring our focus back on Earth. us and turn our attention to two remarkable leaders who are driving positive change within our communities. They have both been instrumental in organizing and facilitating consultations with civil society in the lead-up to the summit of the Future Action Days. First, we are going to hear from Ms. Carole Osero-Ageng’o, who was one of the co-chairs of the UN Civil Society Conference that took place in May in Nairobi. Please give a warm welcome to Carole.

Carole Osero-Ageng’o: Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, as we reflect on the 69th Civil Society Conference, the first in the Global South, and which was in support of the Summit of the Future, three points stand out – connection, convening, and collaboration in an intersectional and intergenerational world, before, during, and after the conference. Excellencies, the nine-week collaboration in planning the conference was a collaborative endeavor, a collaborative endeavor showing the strength and the diversity of civil society and the broad issues of interests of civil society, which we learned we must bring together at all possible junctures, because we do not engage with these issues, one to the exclusion of another. My co-chair, Nudhara Yusuf, and I, in framing the objectives of inclusion, impact, and innovation, asked ourselves, how do we drive impact? How do we catalyze change? Excellencies, in the run-up to the conference, unprecedented rains and resultant floods in Nairobi did not spare the United Nations campus where we were to hold the conference. but it united civil society in support of the victims of the floods in Nairobi, showing the spirit of collaboration and partnership that sits at the foundation of civil society. The outcome package of the conference is now available on the conference website, detailing two days of workshops and impact coalition engagements. The impact coalitions covered broad issues ranging from development, financing for development, AI governance, future generations. The impact coalitions bring together civil society, academia, think tanks, member states and other stakeholders for action-oriented inputs into the summit. The civil society continues to lean into the diversity that defines us, even as we seek to build common ground and move ahead to advance the ambitions of the millions of people around the world who benefit from our actions. We do not always agree, and that is fine. That is diversity. The coming days will see civil society input tap into the existing stakeholder collaboration platforms that work together to put the conference, including the major groups and other stakeholders, coalition for the UN. We need GNEC and Congo to engage in the key reform issues contained in the pact. We, however, seek and will continue to seek greater opportunity for civil society in the UN processes. Excellencies, it is also time to reframe the narrative on aging from a challenge to an opportunity, and we saw this in the intergenerational activities yesterday. Prospective aging of the youth of today calls for envisioning of young people here today as older people of the future, a future consisting also of other young people. The prospect shifts the definition of who is old as life expectancy increases to recognize the many older adults today who are engaged and productive and bring valuable contributions to society. We must recognize and protect their fundamental rights, but we can also harness the knowledge, experience, and innovation of this growing population segment as a resource for future generations. And we are also interconnected and interdependent in our families, communities, and societies, and globally, so we need to seek solutions that work for all of us. I thank you very much.

Folly Bah Thibault: Carole, thank you very much for your remarks. Thank you for your contributions to this summit of the future. Thank you. Next, we’ll hear from Mr. Oli Henman, who’s one of the co-chairs of the Coordination Mechanism of Major Groups and other stakeholders. Oli, welcome to the stage.

Oli Henman: Thank you very much. Excellencies, Secretary-General, ladies and gentlemen, colleagues, and friends. It’s a great honor to speak here today as we face the future together. My name is Oli Henman, and together with Rashima Quatra, I’m one of the co-chairs of the Major Groups and other Stakeholders Coordination Mechanism. This mechanism has been working together since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and is recognized under mandate by the General Assembly. Its 21 constituencies are thematic and regional in nature, and these constituencies represent millions of diverse people from around the world. We have engaged over many months in dialogue with the co-facilitators of the key documents of the Summit for the Future, And we are grateful for this regular engagement, including at the Nairobi CSO Conference. Over these Action Days, we are witnessing the energy and dynamism of civil society, the collaboration with a wide range of partners, and fresh ideas from so many diverse groups. We are glad to be here together during the Action Days, but our voice must also be heard at the Summit itself. We cannot be excluded from the opportunity to shape our common future and insist on meaningful inclusion in all UN processes. In terms of the pact for the future and what comes next, we have some key insights based on our shared positions, and I am glad that many other colleagues are here to share their views over these days as well. Firstly, the pact must demonstrate the UN’s values to champion a democratic and rights-based multilateral system, ensuring meaningful participation of all stakeholders. We appreciate the mention of ECOSOC-accredited NGOs and also the specific call for meaningful inclusion of relevant stakeholders. However, we are concerned at attempts to create additional barriers for accreditation. And while we called for greater collaboration with civil society, unfortunately we do not see that in the revised text. We welcome the continued dialogue with Member States, and we commit to engage with a wide range of delegations going forward to ensure a strong exchange of ideas. Secondly, on human rights, we are very glad to see a recommitment to shared principles on the universality of rights. Everyone’s rights must be guaranteed. While in recent years we have witnessed populism and inflammatory language from some political leaders which has led to an us-and-them culture, erosion of rights, and the rollback of hard-fought equalities, massive violations in situations of conflict. In order to guarantee these rights, the UN’s own structures for protection and enhancement of rights must be strengthened. We call for accelerating support for the human rights pillar of the UN and forging clearer links at the country level with resident coordinator teams. Thirdly, we are pleased to see renewed commitment for financing to deliver real change. It is essential that adequate financing is agreed to deliver the SDGs. And in particular, we are glad to see the reference to targeting programs to support those who are being left behind. We believe the pact provides one step along the way, and note that crucial discussions for financing will be taking place next year at the Financing for Development Forum. Fourthly, it is essential that this pact sets out a renewed vision that is built on equity, fairness and trust. We must step back from the brink of catastrophic wars and conflict, and instead direct our energy and resources to a reinvestment in social protection. We therefore look forward to the World Social Summit in 2025 as a key moment to reset priorities and ensure recommitment to people-centered development, accessible and affordable public services and social protection for all. Finally, the pact’s recognition of the need to protect wildlife and ecosystems is a positive step, but we must accelerate efforts to restore biodiversity for the health of our planet and future generations. Climate change imperils us all. We are therefore glad to see the commitment to accelerating action on climate change and scaling up finance for adaptation and prevention of loss and damage. However, these commitments are not compatible with new fossil fuel exploration, and we therefore urge all governments to halt any new oil, gas or coal exploration. The future is in all of our hands. We have it in our collective power to reshape the world for our children and their children. It is essential that we do not go home empty-handed. When I go back home and see my young boys and hear the optimism in their voices, I want to be able to say that yes, the world is listening and change is coming. We cannot contemplate failure. Thank you.

Folly Bah Thibault: Thank you very much, Ali, for that powerful message. The future is in all of our hands. Ali also talked about the energy in civil society, and I want to hear the energy in this room now. for a better future for all of us. Is there energy? Are we energized? Yes? Are we gonna do it all together? Yes. Thank you very much, Oli, for bringing us the civil society view there. We’re grateful for your contributions. Now, as I mentioned earlier, day one of the Summit of the Future Action Day brought together young people from all over the world to discuss how we can all work together for a better future. And here now to reflect on yesterday’s Youth-Led Action Day is Ms. Saumya Aggarwal, co-founder of the Youth for Peace International, which is an organization dedicated to fostering peace and understanding among youth globally. Saumya, the floor is yours.

Saumya Aggarwal: Excellencies, distinguished guests, and fellow youth. Collectively, the world is significantly behind on the achievements set out in the Sustainable Development Goals and many other global frameworks. Today, young people make over one-third of the world’s population, and youth are creating innovative and sustainable solutions to the problem we are currently facing. However, young people around the world are losing or have lost trust in our governance systems, and we must collectively decide to change our approach and reshape the path forward. We are so excited to start the Summit of the Future with the Youth Action Days. It’s the first time in history that we have dedicated a youth day, and multi-stakeholders have shown genuine interest to learn and listen to us. Young people have been rigorously preparing for the Summit of the Future, and it was refreshing to see that the processes were co-designed and coordinated between UN agencies, youth constituencies, youth-led and youth-focused organizations. Let’s see where we are, because these spaces are only meaningful. when we commit to make a shift and learn. Yesterday was nothing less than inspiring. Youth voices were very loud and clear that they are watching the leaders and the upcoming summit should not be just another international conference. Yesterday, young people alongside policy makers and civil society discussed key recommendations to ensure the implementation of the Pact for the future and beyond. Let me share with you key takeaways that have been highlighted by the young people clustered under the three themes of today’s Action Day. First, on inclusivity for peaceful futures, we need to collaborate with the national coalitions to advance the UNHCR 2250 on youth peace and security commitments and support the efforts of young people and youth-led organizations in the implementation. Allocate flexible, accessible, and sustainable financial support for adolescent-led, youth-led, youth-focused organizations and networks, including for humanitarian action. Strengthen partnerships and dialogue between the youth-led organizations, policy makers, and humanitarian and development actors to ensure youth-driven solutions are recognized, scaled, and sustainable. Address the prevalence of climate and eco-anxiety among youth, which is contributing to a global mental health crisis. Usually we have seen that mental health support is neglected. Recommit to peace, youth protection, and human rights as youth are urging an emergent and permanent ceasefire in all conflict zones. For a digital future, explore potential strategies to mitigate growing digital risk and leverage digital opportunities to build an inclusive, safe, and meaningful digital futures for all. We also need to advocate for youth inclusion in digital and AI policymaking spaces, discuss current and future implications of emerging digital technologies with the focus on the consequences for young people, and explore mechanisms that protect the youth from digital harm. And finally, if we want to ensure sustainable futures, we have to take immediate actions to mitigate security risks and threats to building a peaceful world and sustainable societies. Establish national youth consultative bodies like youth advisory councils to ensure that young people and adolescents inform foreign and national policies. Young people must be part of policymaking and decision-making processes and governance systems at various levels. Raise recognition and legitimization of youth efforts in traditional governance structures and facilitate a culture for meaningful youth participation. Young people also brought recommendations on gender yesterday, such as the need to revitalize the Commission on the Status of Women and the Commission on Population and Development in partnership with civil society and youth. Under the intergenerational equity and solidarity, youth and partners demand to create an intergenerational dialogue platform as well as to leverage science, data, statistics, and strategic foresight to ensure long-term thinking and planning in their governance structures. These are clear examples that young people need to be included across discussions, negotiations, and policies, because all matters are youth matters. He acknowledged that his generation prioritized profit in systems that ultimately failed us. This must be corrected. Our generation needs to be included in decision-making spaces and be meaningfully engaged in shaping those processes. The change needs to happen now and youth lead for a better future. Thank you everyone. Have a great day.

Folly Bah Thibault: Thank you, Saumya, for so eloquently summarizing your discussions and capturing the energy that we all felt yesterday on day one of the Summit of the Future Action Days. So this now concludes our first opening segment and we’ll now zero in on one of the summit’s major targeted outcomes and that is the Declaration on Future Generations, which will be a vital step forward in ensuring that the rights and interests of future generations are at the heart of global decision-making. To discuss this, I’m delighted to welcome to the stage His Excellency Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica, to join us. Thank you.

Andrew Holness: Secretary General of the United Nations, His Excellency António Guterres, Excellencies and distinguished delegates, representatives of the United Nations, civil society, youth, major groups and other stakeholders, it is a distinct honor to join you this morning in building momentum towards the Summit of the Future. and to formally commence the discussions on future generations. Allow me to congratulate and commend all of you for your tremendous efforts over these past few years to ensure the success of the Summit. Jamaica is proud to have co-facilitated the intergovernmental process for the Declaration on Future Generations, and I take this opportunity to express my appreciation to our co-facilitator, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, for their excellent collaboration during this challenging process. I would also like to thank the Secretary General and his team for the support provided to our respective teams during the negotiations and consultations. The inclusivity of the Summit of the future and its preceding action days, as well as the proprietary processes leading up to this very critical moment, is truly symbolic of the approach that is required to preserve a robust and effective multilateral system with the United Nations at its core. It is clear that member states and the UN system cannot chart this path alone. We must leverage the knowledge, expertise and vigor of civil society, youth, academia, the private sector and other stakeholders to deliver a better future for this planet and for all its people. The Declaration on Future Generations has certainly benefited from this. coming together of great minds, and reflects the diverse perspectives and challenges across the world that must be taken into account as we lay the foundation for the next century and beyond. Indeed, with the adoption of this Declaration at the Summit tomorrow, we will be able to celebrate a universal realization that, even as we address the challenges of today, we have an obligation to protect the interests of future generations and ensure that they will inherit a planet in which they can thrive. We must now translate that enthusiasm into action by giving life to the Declaration. We are grateful that, during the consultations, all stakeholders recognized that it was important to not only manifest lofty intent to take account of the needs of future generations, but to agree to fundamental guiding principles, make far-reaching commitments, and prescribe concrete actions to propel us to achieve this end. Having completed the negotiations, it is now our responsibility to ensure effective implementation of the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, and the Declaration on Future Generations. For governments like mine, this effort will require a whole-of-society collaboration as we seek to embed futures thinking. in all our decision-making processes across national and local government. The role of civil society, academia, and the private sector in this endeavour will be critical in developing solutions, as well as building and maintaining momentum towards implementation. In Jamaica, my government has already begun to invest in anticipatory planning and future-proofing, recognising first and foremost that a solid macroeconomic foundation is the most basic requirement. We have lowered our debt-to-GDP ratio, increased our foreign exchange reserves, reduced our unemployment rate, and achieved single-digit inflation as well as financial sector stability. This has allowed us to increase investment in sustainable and smart infrastructure, building for the future while taking account of changing demographic trends. We are, however, well aware of the capacity limitations of developing states to deal with the multidimensional challenges we currently face. Climate change, debt sustainability, economic stability, access to financing for development, global shocks, among others. Technology and knowledge transfer must therefore be facilitated, including through mutually agreed arrangements. The international financial institutions must be reformed to provide the necessary access to financing as the means of implementation. The multilateral system, with the UN at its core, must be equipped to provide opportunities for developing and sharing best practices. In this regard, a follow-up mechanism will also be important, so that implementation of commitments we make over the next few days can be appropriately measured and monitored. Excellencies, with the adoption of the Pact and its annexes, we have charted a path and made the first bold steps. Let us now move forward with hope and determination to ensure that our collective legacy will be a peaceful, healthy and prosperous planet for all our peoples and a sustainable future for the generations to come. I thank you.

Folly Bah Thibault: Thank you.

Evelyn Wever-Croes: Mr. President, Excellencies, distinguished guests, I’m delighted to be here with you all today on this inspiring occasion to take part in the discussion and to listen to your valuable insights. The Kingdom of the Netherlands is proud to have co-facilitated the intergovernmental process for a declaration on future generations alongside Jamaica. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the Most Honorable Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica, for his unwavering commitment and collaboration throughout this process. The declaration represents a significant milestone, and it will be annexed to the Pact for the Future during the Summit of the Future, an event that provides a rare, once-in-a-generation opportunity to create lasting change. This summit is our chance to set things right, not only for the people of today, young and old, but for the generations yet to come. Our decisions and our actions sent ripple effects across time, shaping the future. By making thoughtful and responsible choices now, we ensure a positive intergenerational impact benefiting those who will inherit this world. The declaration has the potential to mark a pivotal moment in our multilateral efforts to address global crisis and to establish a robust framework for long-term sustainable development. By embracing strategic foresight and carefully considering the long-term effects of our decisions, we can pave the way for a more equitable and sustainable world for future generations. It is essential that we demonstrate intergenerational solidarity. Challenges such as inequality and discrimination, climate change, food insecurity, the digital divide and ongoing conflicts are human-made. They demand collective solutions. It is our collective responsibility to champion impactful and long-lasting solutions. Governments, policymakers and all stakeholders must work together to turn legal and policy decisions into a unified, intergenerational agenda that safeguards the interests of future generations. The Declaration promises to bring about a major shift in how we think, making sure that caring for future generations and sharing responsibility across generations are priorities in our decisions. This is especially important when it comes to climate change. Like many countries around the world, my country, Aruba, and indeed our entire kingdom, which spans two continents, is facing the consequences of global warming. Rising sea levels and more extreme weather events clearly show us how what we do or don’t do affects everyone, now and in the future. The devastating hurricanes and floods in our Caribbean region are a stark reminder of this reality. Yet, history teaches us that forward-thinking decisions can protect future generations. By learning from past mistakes and taking decisive action today, we will secure long-term benefits for ourselves and for those to come after us. And this is why I look to the future with what I call realistic optimism. But there is a catch. We need to act now, and we must act collectively. Civil society partners, research institutions, the private sector, and so many others gathered here today all have an essential role to play. By supporting governments, policymakers, and international organizations like the United Nations, we can steer decisions towards this common goal, a thriving legacy for future generations. Today is the International Day of Peace, which was designated by the General Assembly as a time of nonviolence and ceasefire. Unfortunately, today is not a day without conflict, as the violence in the Middle East, Sudan, and Ukraine shows. While solving these conflicts is beyond what we can expect to achieve today, that doesn’t mean we should stop working towards a better future. And that is why I’m honored to be here today with you. Your Excellencies, distinguished guests, I would like to extend my sincere thank you to the Secretary General of the United Nations for his forward-thinking vision in prioritizing future generations and entrusting us with the responsibility of advancing the Declaration. His leadership has helped make the concept of future generations more tangible. Additionally, I want to express my gratitude to all the stakeholders here today, civil society, academia, the private sector, and impact coalitions, for your active participation over the past two years. Your dedication has been critical in shaping this process. With the Declaration on Future Generations, we must thrive. good ancestors, to leave behind a world that offers a better quality of life for those who follow. I look forward to continuing this journey together, shaping a more inclusive and just future. Thank you.

Folly Bah Thibault: Thank you very much Madam Prime Minister and thank you as well to the Prime Minister of Jamaica for your efforts in ensuring the interests of future generations remains at the top of the global agenda. We’re getting things set up now for our panel discussion. We’ll be joined by a panel of experts working on the topic of future generations, moderated by Thomas Hale, who is a professor of global public policy in the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford. His work, Thomas’s work, has focused on precisely the issue of how we safeguard our future and address the subject of what he terms long problems. Professor Hale will be joined by three distinguished panelists. Our first panelist is Hina Jilani, a pioneering lawyer and human rights defender and a member of the Elders, an esteemed group of global leaders. Ms. Jelani will be joined by Abdullahi Alim, the CEO of the Africa Future Fund, which is a new financing mechanism to advance the rights and prosperity of future Africans. And to round out our panel, we have Paolo Baca, the Deputy Director of De Justicia. Dr. Baca’s work blends academic scholarship with public engagement and his extensive fieldwork has fostered collaborations with indigenous organizations. worldwide. So we’re honored to have these experts join us at the General Assembly today to provide their diverse perspectives on the Declaration of Future Generations. And I will turn it over now to Professor Hale and his panelists.

Thomas Hale: Thank you very much, Foley, for this kind introduction. Ladies and gentlemen, tomorrow, every member state of the United Nations will adopt a Declaration on Future Generations, thanks to the hard work of many people in this room and a few late hours last night. This is a potentially transformative document. But as we’ve just heard from these speakers, the potential of any document to transform our world depends entirely on what happens next, what action follows from the text. And we have a fantastic panel today to talk about the work they’re doing to advance the goals and the objectives that the Declaration speaks to. And I’m going to be asking them, what is the transformative potential of this document, and how do we unlock it? And those are important questions because we are facing a world, this document is arriving in a world that is fraught. We face war, we face debt, we face a climate crisis, we face the lingering effects of a global pandemic, we face many immediate challenges. And so why now? Why in September 2024 are we talking about future generations? And a document answers that critical question in two ways. First, it recognizes the fundamental connection between the immediate, urgent challenges we face and the long-term trends and drivers from which they grow. It understands that things like climate change, poverty, underdevelopment, lack of health, lack of justice are fundamental risk factors that create crises. And as we all saw in our own lives just a few years ago, when a crisis gets out of control, we can’t react our way out of it. We can’t respond only. We need to anticipate and act in advance, and that’s a fundamental shift consistent with the goals of the United Nations to advance sustainable development. Second, the document, and I think this is really striking and important, it recognizes a fundamental consensus across cultures, across religions, across philosophies, across value systems that we all have an interest and indeed a responsibility to think about the future, to think about leaving a better world for those that come after us. And in a world where consensus is sorely lacking, isn’t it helpful, isn’t it powerful to think about the powerful consensus that exists there? Now of course these kind of lofty words fall flat. They ring hollow without action to follow up. And so we’re going to hear from a panel thinking about what that action looks like. But of course we see already trends happening around the world that are driving forward action to support future generations. Just this week, the European Union appointed a commissioner with responsibility for intergenerational fairness. This month, the South Korean Constitutional Court ordered the government to enhance its climate targets to better serve future generations. This is actually happening on the ground everywhere. And so the real question for this declaration is how it can catalyze more such changes going forward. Abdullahi, I’d like to start with you. You’re the CEO of the Africa Future Fund, working to support leaders and transformative businesses. to solve the continent’s greatest challenges. You’ve also worked at the International Chamber of Commerce, so you know what the private sector thinks. And you’ve just done a survey of a number of private sector leaders across Africa, asking them, what do you think about future generations? What did they say?

Abdullahi Alim: So yes, my name is Abdullahi Alim, and I’m currently leading an outfit called the Africa Future Fund. I’m no longer with the International Chamber of Commerce, so just a quick mention to the technical team. One billion Africans will be born in the next generation alone, and I think by the close of this century, you can expect about three to four billion total more Africans to be born. When you think of the mega cities of the future, it’ll be cities like Lagos, cities like Dar es Salaam, cities like Mogadishu, where I was born. And for some context, Mogadishu alone, by the end of this century, will be more populous than the entire country of Spain. Just to give you some scope of where the world and where the trajectory of population growth is growing. So from my perspective, when I think future generations, to make it as specific as possible, from my vantage point, I’m talking about future Africans. If this rapid growth in population that we’re expecting over the next few decades isn’t also met with commensurate increases in industrialization, in living standards, of course, without clocking past ecological boundaries, then we will have yet another wasted generation. And it’s from this place that we created the Africa Future Fund. We’re trying to take big bets on our communities. We’re trying to channel big investments to seismically change the geopolitical economic might of the continent over the next few decades. What does that look like? It looks, for example, like backing a local African initiative that is studying, that is, most importantly, IP-ing active compounds that are found in plant life that are indigenous to the Congolese basin. These kind of active compounds will be critical to the modern genomic revolution and to some of the anti-cancer treatment. statements of the future. It’s about backing, for example, fellowships that bring together young Africans at the forefront of combating advanced disinformation warfare. There’s one particular form, if anybody’s interested in like the future of disinformation called adversarial AI, we wrote a piece for them, about them rather, for foreign policy. And so some of the foremost thinkers on this topic are actually from the continent. So unlike what you normally see where it’s European, US or advanced Asian economies leading the world on thought and sort of exporting it to sub-Saharan Africa, we want to get to a stage where we’re leading and setting the standard for global resilience in this case. And you know, to be also honest, it’s also about backing young progressive political voices on the continent, training them on what the future looks like so that they’re able to really rise to the occasion when they assume positions of influence, positions of power. As Thomas alluded to, we ran a massive consultation across the continent to figure out what does the future look like, what’s the significance of it to your work if you are, for example, the head of a sovereign wealth fund, if you are a former head of state, if you are a young entrepreneur, three main priorities that made it very, very practical for us. It’s about restructuring the way debt is measured on the continent. Unlike anywhere else in the world, the majority of the debt in Africa is actually owned by the private sector. And it’s four times more expensive to borrow debt on the continent than anywhere else in the world. Number one, reforming debt. The second one is around really advancing export-oriented industrial policy. It makes no sense that, for example, Cote d’Ivoire, the largest producer of cashew nuts, makes a very limited gain in the global supply chain relative to countries like Vietnam, relative to countries like India. And the third one is really about taking more potential out from our SMEs. And we have this concept known as search funds, which we’re also championing. Three key ideas that came when we spoke to CEOs, when we spoke to government leaders, young entrepreneurs, and I’ll go into a bit more detail.

Thomas Hale: Fantastic, thank you so much for highlighting the opportunity that thinking about the future can highlight. We often think about the risks and how we manage them, but actually we need to have a real laser focus on the opportunity side as well. Pablo, I’ll come to you next if I may. You work for Davis TCO, which is a fantastic group of researchers and advocates working across a range of issues. But many people here will have heard about a famous case that you won in which a group of youth and children successfully sued the government in Colombia’s highest court for action to prevent deforestation in the Amazon because of the impacts that that would have on climate change and the climate future generations will inherit. So how do you think about this question, future generations, in your own work, and is there more potential to unlock that kind of transformation going forward?

Paolo Baca: Thank you, Tom. I will start on the issue how future generations’ perspective have changed my mind, and later on I will talk about the justicious case. I have been working with indigenous peoples for over two decades, and I have learned from Andean communities from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru that the issue on future generations have to be tackled from a temporality perspective. For Andean indigenous peoples, the time is not linear or chronological. It happens in Western cultures. For them, for example, the future is behind us, and the past is in front, and that is women carry on their kids, their children, on the back, because children are the future. And the past is in front because in front they find the wisdom of the elders. And the wisdom of the elders are the meanings that can drive the present of our daily lives. So in indigenous cosmologies, the future is not something that will come. It’s something that is linked with past and present, and it changes everything. Because for them, there is no separation between nature and culture. They think and they belong to the mountains, they belong to the lakes, and their ancestors belong to those sources of the land. And it changes the perspective about human rights and international law, for example. And using this kind of framework, the justicia sued the Colombian state because deforestation was increasing in the Amazon region. And we use the concept of future generations in order to stop deforestation. And the Supreme Court ordered an intergenerational pact to stop deforestation in the Amazon region. Nevertheless, after six years of this important ruling, the implementation, in a way, has been a failure, at least in terms of this intergenerational pact. On the one hand, because it is necessary to build a mechanism to drive inter-jurisdictional models between the Colombian states and the indigenous Amazonian peoples. And it has been difficult, so we need to work together to put forward the voice of indigenous peoples in their own terms to understand how future generation pacts should work. And on the other hand, the armed conflict, it is still an issue in Colombia. And unfortunately, the conflict is still going on in the Amazon region, and it has put some difficulties to implement the pact and to stop deforestation. So unfortunately, deforestation is increasing and we don’t have the intergenerational pact.

Thomas Hale: I think it’s a really important example for us to think about, a really innovative case of using law to take indigenous thinking into the heart of modern governance, and then the challenge, the ongoing challenge, of trying to deliver that requiring a deeper transformation of governance systems. So like for many of the things we’re thinking about around future generations, a step forward, but then many more steps to come and a long-term perspective needed to drive the fundamental transformation. Ms. Jelani, can I turn next to you? You are a pioneering lawyer. You founded the first all-woman law firm in Pakistan. You’ve represented the UN as a special representative for human rights defenders. You’re working currently with the elders. You’ve seen these issues change over time, but you’ve also been at the forefront of that change. And yesterday, you and the other elders issued an intergenerational call to action. So how does the future generations declaration, which we’re coming to tomorrow influence the work that you’re doing?

Hina Jilani: Thank you, Thomas, for that question. Let me say, first of all, that when we talk about a declaration on future generations, what springs to my mind immediately is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which essentially says that every human being is endowed with reason and conscience. If that belief is true, then I see no reason for hesitation on the implementation of any of the agreed principles and implementation strategies that the Declaration says. If there is hesitation on the part of those that are making decisions and policies that affect the lives of their own people and the global environment, I would regretfully have to say that this belief that all human beings are endowed with reason and a conscience is going to be confounded. I also believe that the transformation that we are talking about and our aspiration to bring about that transformation is really rooted in the respect for human rights, in the recognition that only a rule-based order can propel that change and be able to achieve what are the crisis and critical areas of concern to us today. You’ve spoken about climate change and its effect. I come from a country which is one of the top 10 countries to be affected by climate change. So the effects of climate change for people like me are not in the abstract. They are not just a technical issue for us to deal with or an academic, are not of academic concern. We see things happening to people where displacement, loss of livelihood, loss of life in many cases is so real and is affecting so many of the vulnerable communities. Paulo speaks of indigenous communities. I have seen people who have traditionally been inhabitants of land for centuries having to leave that land, having to leave that way of life because of climate change. We all know what the COVID pandemic did to us and how it has changed our lives. So I do believe that if there is reason, if there is a conscience, and if there is a will to preserve the environment in which we live and to develop the consensus to bring about an environment in the world where dialogue is possible, where it’s important to understand the values of diversity rather than that becoming the reason for division, where intolerance is totally rejected, where people not only talk about tolerating others but have a belief that tolerance will be replaced by accommodation of everyone’s belief, everyone’s culture, everyone’s needs. So these are some of the things that I look forward to. And I think the civil society has a very critical role to play, because these are the people who can not take on governments, but at least create a balance in the power of the state and the voices of the people. And one of my colleagues, one of the other elders, President Santos, from your country, said yesterday that governments understand pressure. The civil society can build that pressure.

Thomas Hale: An important source of action, not just in the world at all, but also for this declaration, which is, as I think the speakers before highlighted, benefited from some of that pressure and ideas. I love how you’ve connected, Mr. Lani, the declaration coming tomorrow to the long history and the fundamental human rights that sit at the center of the multilateral system, and how this is an extension and a deepening and a recognition of how that understanding must evolve as we face problems like climate change and other things that last generation to generation. I want to come back to the panel with a burning point, which is going back to this idea of, how do we unlock the transformation? How do we make this text come to life? How do we breathe life into it, as the Secretary General said? I’m curious what the one action you would like governments to take next. They’re going to sign this thing tomorrow, agree the thing. What should they do the day after? What should they make their top priority? I think there’s many, many ones. But what’s one you would like to see them take forward? I wonder, Abdullahi, if I can come back to you first.

Abdullahi Alim: So I think for me it’s, is it just one? Just your top one. I would say, focus on. For me, it’s always an economic conversation, to be honest. Because if your population is going to double, if it’s going to triple, you’re almost planning for a new country over the next few decades. So think about which sectors are your most competitive and hone in your entire government strategy based on that. That sounds very simple, but it’s actually somewhat difficult to do. Again, I’ll go back to the example of the cashew nut trade in West Africa. I spoke to a young entrepreneur who told me, you know, I export my raw cashew nuts, let’s say, I’m just going to give a hypothetical number, let’s say $1 a kilo. He then sells it to somebody based in another part of the world who has machinery that is able to roast, that is able to salt at scale these nuts, and then sell it for $10. So this person has already lost $9 because they just happen to be based in a part of the world that lacks industrial capacity. So for me, it’s a case where I think each government needs to come to terms with the fact that focus on two or three critical sectors where you think you have growth opportunities. Make sure your roads and transportation authority, your investment authority, your education, like everybody needs to be focused on that one competitive sector because ultimately to protect future generations, you’re going to need money. You’re going to need capital because it’s going to require a lot of infrastructure.

Thomas Hale: And I think your comment is particularly trenchant given the current debt burden that so many future majority countries hold. And so it’s not even about building for the future, it’s also about getting the legacy of the past righted in that sense.

Abdullahi Alim: If you were to give… Sorry, I’m going to be very cheeky. If you were to give a loan to any business anywhere in the world, can I tell you which region in the world you’ll most likely recover your loan is from? It’s sub-Saharan Africa at number one. More so than Europe, more so than Latin America, more so than South Asia. The number one region in the world for loan recovery when it comes to lending to the private sector is sub-Saharan Africa. But still very expensive for us.

Thomas Hale: Fantastic opportunity. The opportunity is really shining through in this Future Generations narrative. Paulo, what’s the one action you would like to see taken?

Paolo Baca: Well, I think that it is very important to make a bridge between the local and the global. I think that countries such as Pakistan or Colombia are suffering the consequences of the climate crisis, but we are not the ones who produce the crisis. So I think that it is important that the wealthier countries, the ones who are producing global warming, acknowledge that, and that acknowledgement is connected with the past of, for example, colonial history, racial and structural discrimination, and of course it is also connected with the generations to come to build a better future for everyone. So I think that we need to move forward from these global forums, which are very important, of course, and go also to the local communities and try to understand these kinds of discussions from their point of view. So it is very important to engage, for example, with peasants, with Afro-descendants, with indigenous peoples, with these sectors who have the knowledge to stop the climate crisis, because they have the biocultural knowledge, for example, in the Amazon, to make sustainable development for future generations and be more open. have been with us, because they have the skills to go, for example, to the course, to the United Nations.

Thomas Hale: Indeed. And your work shows exactly the potential of that. Your work shows how to do that, which I think is so important, because I think many people will say, OK, that’s a really good idea, but how do we do it? And you’ve given us a model in this case that is a work in progress, as you said very clearly, but is a good starting point. So this is a really, I think, practical way forward that you’re articulating. Ms. Jilani, your top wish to see after government sign the Declaration on Future Innovations?

Hina Jilani: Can I just, if you allow me, add to something that Paolo has just said? Look, as a human rights defender, I have always criticized government’s failure to take care of climate consequences and extreme emergencies that happen. But there are times when I pity our governments, because even where there is willingness, the ability to respond is not there. So I do think that globally, we, countries who have almost no carbon footprint, have to be compensated. We have to have enough resources for adaptation, for mitigation, and to respond to the people’s loss of livelihood and other issues that emerge. But coming to your question now, I think my top priority, apart from many others that compete with this one, is governments must ensure that they have a plan to develop communities that demonstrate the power of social connection. One thing I can say as an elder, we may be called the elders. But we don’t think that we are a repository of all wisdom. We have a plan and a policy and a commitment to seeking out the pockets of wisdom where they exist and learning from those. And one of the important things that the elders totally believe in and have a faith in is this intergenerational connection. I think this kind of social connection is critical to ending loneliness, to ending social isolation, bringing about people’s ability to reach out to each other, learn from each other, and in that context also to inform the global environment on what the essential needs are all the time. I’m not going to enumerate all the problems that we have today. But let me say, through this whole policy of social connection, ending isolation, ending loneliness, which is not just a public health issue. It’s an issue of governance, really. By doing that, we can fix it.

Thomas Hale: Well, I think your comments remind me very much of the philosopher Edmund Burke, who said, described society as a pact between the past, the present, and the future. And that is indeed what this declaration is recognizing. And what the fantastic work you each have described is aiming to give life to, to put meaning into those ideas and principles, whether it be economic issues, whether it be the incorporation of indigenous ideas to protect the environment, whether it be fundamental human rights protections. And of course, that’s a perfect framing for our discussions for the rest of today, where we’ll have numerous sessions looking at how we take forward the ideas in the pact overall and how the declaration on future generations can best be implemented. And I think as a final point to add to those discussions, you said it very well, Ms. Jilani. Governments don’t always have the capacities to deliver on these things. And so a key question for us today is what more do we want the multilateral system to be doing to support us, to support governments to deliver on the pact? For example, in the declaration text, there’s an upcoming forum to check in on progress as a report. There’s a noting of the Secretary General’s proposal to appoint a special envoy for future generations. What more support should the multilateral system provide to take forward these ideas is another key part of our discussions today. In conclusion, please join me in thanking our extraordinary panel. Thank you.

Folly Bah Thibault: Thank you all very much. Thank you, Professor Hale. Thank you. That was such a great discussion, great conversation. Thank you all very much for your time here today. A fascinating discussion moderated by Professor Hill. Thank you very much. It’s so inspiring to hear unique voices across sectors and generations who remind us that we all have a role to play in building this future together. With that, Excellencies and Ladies and Gentlemen, we end our opening ceremony. Before leaving, however, we want to show you a summary of the discussions this morning that our visual scribe has been working on diligently in the background, summing up, as you can see there, the main themes addressed this morning. Look at it. Isn’t it great? Please, a round of applause for our visual scribe. Now, as Professor Hill mentioned, our discussions will continue throughout the day and throughout the building, so please make your way now to the other sessions, the main sessions. In conference room four, the sessions on a sustainable future for all will focus on key action areas of sustainable development and financing for development that will deliver on the aspirations of the 2030 Agenda. In the trusteeship chamber, the peaceful future for all session, which will focus on intergenerational dialogue for peace. And in ECOSOC chamber, join us for a digital future for all sessions, which will bring forward looking commitments from all stakeholders to harness innovation, science, and data in a more inclusive, safe, and sustainable manner. And of course, don’t forget to join us for the closing ceremony, everyone, at 5.30 p.m. in ECOSOC as well, where we’ll share our learnings from the day’s interactive and thought-provoking sessions and look towards the next steps in creating our shared future. Thank you all very much. I’ll kindly ask you to please quickly leave the room, because we have another session in place. And, you know, continue your conversations outside and in the other rooms, ECOSOC chamber and the different sessions that we’re having this morning. Thank you all very much. I wish you an excellent day, and see you at 5.30 for our closing ceremony. Thank you very much.

A

António Guterres

Speech speed

119 words per minute

Speech length

858 words

Speech time

430 seconds

Intergenerational solidarity and responsibility

Explanation

Guterres emphasizes the importance of considering future generations in current decision-making. He calls for a shift in thinking to prioritize long-term impacts and shared responsibility across generations.

Evidence

Mention of the Declaration on Future Generations as a key outcome of the Summit of the Future

Major Discussion Point

Declaration on Future Generations

Agreed with

Carole Osero-Ageng’o

Hina Jilani

Agreed on

Importance of intergenerational dialogue and collaboration

Reforming international financial institutions

Explanation

Guterres advocates for reforming international financial institutions to better support sustainable development and climate action. He argues that current systems are inadequate to address contemporary global challenges.

Evidence

Mention of the need to ‘supercharge resources for sustainable development and for climate action’

Major Discussion Point

Reforming Global Systems

Agreed with

Abdullahi Alim

Agreed on

Need for reforming global financial systems

Inclusive and networked multilateralism

Explanation

Guterres calls for a more inclusive and networked form of multilateralism. He emphasizes the need for greater representation of developing countries and stronger links between international institutions and people.

Evidence

Statement: ‘We need multilateralism that is more inclusive, more effective and more networked, with stronger links between international institutions and with the people.’

Major Discussion Point

Reforming Global Systems

A

Andrew Holness

Speech speed

95 words per minute

Speech length

739 words

Speech time

462 seconds

Embedding futures thinking in decision-making

Explanation

Holness emphasizes the importance of incorporating long-term thinking into government decision-making processes. He argues for the need to consider the impacts of current decisions on future generations.

Evidence

Mention of Jamaica’s efforts to invest in anticipatory planning and future-proofing

Major Discussion Point

Declaration on Future Generations

P

Paolo Baca

Speech speed

0 words per minute

Speech length

0 words

Speech time

1 seconds

Bridging local and global perspectives

Explanation

Baca emphasizes the importance of connecting local and global perspectives in addressing climate change and future challenges. He argues for incorporating indigenous knowledge and perspectives into global decision-making processes.

Evidence

Example of the Colombian Supreme Court case involving indigenous communities and deforestation in the Amazon

Major Discussion Point

Declaration on Future Generations

Indigenous perspectives on time and nature

Explanation

Baca highlights how indigenous communities view time and nature differently from Western perspectives. He argues that these alternative worldviews can provide valuable insights for addressing long-term challenges.

Evidence

Description of Andean indigenous peoples’ non-linear concept of time and their relationship with nature

Major Discussion Point

Challenges and Opportunities for Future Generations

H

Hina Jilani

Speech speed

113 words per minute

Speech length

814 words

Speech time

428 seconds

Developing socially connected communities

Explanation

Jilani emphasizes the importance of fostering social connections and ending isolation within communities. She argues that this is crucial for addressing various societal challenges and informing global governance.

Evidence

Statement: ‘I think my top priority, apart from many others that compete with this one, is governments must ensure that they have a plan to develop communities that demonstrate the power of social connection.’

Major Discussion Point

Declaration on Future Generations

Agreed with

António Guterres

Carole Osero-Ageng’o

Agreed on

Importance of intergenerational dialogue and collaboration

Climate change impacts on vulnerable communities

Explanation

Jilani highlights the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable communities, particularly in developing countries. She argues for the need to compensate and support these countries in addressing climate-related challenges.

Evidence

Personal experience from Pakistan, which is among the top 10 countries affected by climate change

Major Discussion Point

Challenges and Opportunities for Future Generations

A

Abdullahi Alim

Speech speed

181 words per minute

Speech length

1042 words

Speech time

344 seconds

Population growth and economic development in Africa

Explanation

Alim discusses the rapid population growth expected in Africa and the need for commensurate economic development. He argues for strategic investments in key competitive sectors to drive economic growth and improve living standards.

Evidence

Projection of 1 billion Africans to be born in the next generation, and 3-4 billion by the end of the century

Major Discussion Point

Challenges and Opportunities for Future Generations

Debt burdens and financing for developing countries

Explanation

Alim highlights the challenges of debt and financing for African countries. He argues for restructuring debt measurement and improving access to affordable financing for development.

Evidence

Statement that debt in Africa is four times more expensive than elsewhere in the world

Major Discussion Point

Challenges and Opportunities for Future Generations

Agreed with

António Guterres

Agreed on

Need for reforming global financial systems

Restructuring debt measurement for African countries

Explanation

Alim advocates for reforming how debt is measured and managed for African countries. He argues that current systems disadvantage African nations and hinder their economic development.

Evidence

Mention of debt restructuring as one of three main priorities identified in consultations with African leaders

Major Discussion Point

Reforming Global Systems

Agreed with

António Guterres

Agreed on

Need for reforming global financial systems

Supporting progressive young political voices

Explanation

Alim emphasizes the importance of supporting and training young, progressive political voices in Africa. He argues that this is crucial for preparing future leaders to address long-term challenges.

Evidence

Mention of backing and training young progressive political voices as part of the Africa Future Fund’s activities

Major Discussion Point

Youth Engagement and Empowerment

Agreed with

Saumya Aggarwal

Agreed on

Importance of youth participation in decision-making

S

Saumya Aggarwal

Speech speed

120 words per minute

Speech length

686 words

Speech time

342 seconds

Meaningful youth participation in policymaking

Explanation

Aggarwal advocates for the inclusion of youth in decision-making processes at various levels of governance. She argues that young people must be part of policymaking to ensure their perspectives are considered in shaping the future.

Evidence

Call for establishing national youth consultative bodies and including youth in foreign and national policy-making

Major Discussion Point

Youth Engagement and Empowerment

Agreed with

Abdullahi Alim

Agreed on

Importance of youth participation in decision-making

Investing in youth-led solutions and organizations

Explanation

Aggarwal calls for increased financial support and resources for youth-led organizations and initiatives. She argues that this is crucial for enabling young people to develop and implement innovative solutions to global challenges.

Evidence

Recommendation to allocate flexible, accessible, and sustainable financial support for adolescent-led and youth-led organizations

Major Discussion Point

Youth Engagement and Empowerment

C

Carole Osero-Ageng’o

Speech speed

126 words per minute

Speech length

518 words

Speech time

245 seconds

Intergenerational dialogue and collaboration

Explanation

Osero-Ageng’o emphasizes the importance of fostering dialogue and collaboration between different generations. She argues that this approach is crucial for addressing complex global issues and creating sustainable solutions.

Evidence

Reference to intergenerational activities at the conference and the need to reframe the narrative on aging

Major Discussion Point

Youth Engagement and Empowerment

Agreed with

António Guterres

Hina Jilani

Agreed on

Importance of intergenerational dialogue and collaboration

O

Oli Henman

Speech speed

168 words per minute

Speech length

768 words

Speech time

273 seconds

Strengthening UN human rights mechanisms

Explanation

Henman calls for strengthening the human rights pillar of the UN and improving its implementation at the country level. He argues that this is essential for protecting and enhancing rights globally.

Evidence

Call for ‘accelerating support for the human rights pillar of the UN and forging clearer links at the country level with resident coordinator teams’

Major Discussion Point

Reforming Global Systems

Agreements

Agreement Points

Importance of intergenerational dialogue and collaboration

Speakers

António Guterres

Carole Osero-Ageng’o

Hina Jilani

Arguments

Intergenerational solidarity and responsibility

Intergenerational dialogue and collaboration

Developing socially connected communities

Summary

These speakers emphasized the need for collaboration and dialogue across generations to address global challenges and create sustainable solutions.

Need for reforming global financial systems

Speakers

António Guterres

Abdullahi Alim

Arguments

Reforming international financial institutions

Debt burdens and financing for developing countries

Restructuring debt measurement for African countries

Summary

Both speakers highlighted the importance of reforming international financial institutions and debt structures to better support developing countries, particularly in Africa.

Importance of youth participation in decision-making

Speakers

Saumya Aggarwal

Abdullahi Alim

Arguments

Meaningful youth participation in policymaking

Supporting progressive young political voices

Summary

These speakers advocated for increased youth involvement in policy-making processes and leadership roles to shape the future.

Similar Viewpoints

Both speakers emphasized the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable communities and the need to incorporate local perspectives in global decision-making.

Speakers

Paolo Baca

Hina Jilani

Arguments

Bridging local and global perspectives

Climate change impacts on vulnerable communities

Unexpected Consensus

Importance of indigenous knowledge in addressing global challenges

Speakers

Paolo Baca

António Guterres

Arguments

Indigenous perspectives on time and nature

Inclusive and networked multilateralism

Explanation

While not explicitly stated by Guterres, his call for more inclusive multilateralism aligns with Baca’s emphasis on incorporating indigenous perspectives, suggesting an unexpected consensus on the value of diverse knowledge systems in global governance.

Overall Assessment

Summary

The main areas of agreement include the importance of intergenerational collaboration, the need for financial system reforms, increased youth participation in decision-making, and the recognition of diverse perspectives in addressing global challenges.

Consensus level

There is a moderate to high level of consensus among the speakers on these key issues. This suggests a shared understanding of the critical challenges facing future generations and the need for inclusive, collaborative approaches to address them. The implications of this consensus could lead to more coordinated efforts in implementing the Declaration on Future Generations and related initiatives.

Disagreements

Disagreement Points

Approach to addressing climate change impacts

Speakers

Hina Jilani

Paolo Baca

Arguments

Jilani highlights the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable communities, particularly in developing countries. She argues for the need to compensate and support these countries in addressing climate-related challenges.

Baca emphasizes the importance of connecting local and global perspectives in addressing climate change and future challenges. He argues for incorporating indigenous knowledge and perspectives into global decision-making processes.

Summary

While both speakers acknowledge the importance of addressing climate change, they differ in their proposed approaches. Jilani focuses on compensation and support for vulnerable countries, while Baca emphasizes the incorporation of indigenous knowledge and local perspectives.

Overall Assessment

Summary

The main areas of disagreement among the speakers were primarily related to specific approaches and focus areas in addressing global challenges, rather than fundamental disagreements on core issues.

Disagreement level

The level of disagreement among the speakers was relatively low. Most speakers shared similar overarching goals related to sustainable development, addressing climate change, and improving global governance systems. The differences were mainly in the specific strategies or areas of emphasis each speaker prioritized based on their expertise and regional perspectives. This low level of disagreement suggests a general consensus on the importance of considering future generations and the need for systemic reforms, which could facilitate more unified action on these issues.

Partial Agreements

Partial Agreements

All three speakers agree on the need for reform in global financial and decision-making systems to better address future challenges. However, they differ in their specific focus areas: Guterres emphasizes reforming international financial institutions, Holness focuses on incorporating long-term thinking in government processes, and Alim specifically addresses debt measurement for African countries.

Speakers

António Guterres

Andrew Holness

Abdullahi Alim

Arguments

Guterres advocates for reforming international financial institutions to better support sustainable development and climate action. He argues that current systems are inadequate to address contemporary global challenges.

Holness emphasizes the importance of incorporating long-term thinking into government decision-making processes. He argues for the need to consider the impacts of current decisions on future generations.

Alim advocates for reforming how debt is measured and managed for African countries. He argues that current systems disadvantage African nations and hinder their economic development.

Similar Viewpoints

Both speakers emphasized the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable communities and the need to incorporate local perspectives in global decision-making.

Speakers

Paolo Baca

Hina Jilani

Arguments

Bridging local and global perspectives

Climate change impacts on vulnerable communities

Takeaways

Key Takeaways

The Declaration on Future Generations aims to ensure the rights and interests of future generations are at the heart of global decision-making

There is a need for intergenerational solidarity and responsibility in addressing global challenges like climate change

Youth engagement and empowerment is critical for shaping a better future

Reforms are needed in global systems like the UN Security Council and international financial institutions to better serve future generations

Indigenous and local perspectives are valuable for sustainable development and addressing climate change

Economic development and industrialization in Africa presents both challenges and opportunities for future generations

Resolutions and Action Items

Governments should develop plans to foster socially connected communities

Countries should focus on developing their most competitive economic sectors to drive growth

Wealthier countries should provide compensation and resources to developing countries facing climate impacts

The UN should appoint a Special Envoy for Future Generations

An upcoming forum will be held to check on progress of implementing the Declaration

Unresolved Issues

How to effectively implement the intergenerational pact ordered by Colombia’s Supreme Court to stop deforestation

Specific mechanisms for reforming international financial institutions

How to balance rapid population growth in Africa with sustainable development

Concrete steps for meaningful youth inclusion in policymaking processes

Suggested Compromises

Balancing economic growth and industrialization with staying within ecological boundaries

Combining global frameworks with local and indigenous knowledge and practices

Integrating perspectives of both older and younger generations in decision-making

Thought Provoking Comments

We need multilateralism that is more inclusive, more effective and more networked, with stronger links between international institutions and with the people. That means greater representation in developing countries, and it means a stronger voice for all of you and what you represent.

Speaker

António Guterres

Reason

This comment highlights the need for a fundamental shift in how global governance operates, emphasizing inclusivity and stronger connections between institutions and people.

Impact

It set the tone for the subsequent discussions on reforming multilateral institutions and including diverse voices in decision-making processes.

One billion Africans will be born in the next generation alone, and I think by the close of this century, you can expect about three to four billion total more Africans to be born. When you think of the mega cities of the future, it’ll be cities like Lagos, cities like Dar es Salaam, cities like Mogadishu, where I was born.

Speaker

Abdullahi Alim

Reason

This comment provides a striking perspective on demographic shifts and urbanization in Africa, highlighting the continent’s growing importance in shaping the global future.

Impact

It shifted the conversation to focus more on the specific challenges and opportunities facing Africa, and the need for targeted strategies to support sustainable development in rapidly growing regions.

For Andean indigenous peoples, the time is not linear or chronological. It happens in Western cultures. For them, for example, the future is behind us, and the past is in front, and that is women carry on their kids, their children, on the back, because children are the future. And the past is in front because in front they find the wisdom of the elders.

Speaker

Paolo Baca

Reason

This comment introduces a fundamentally different cultural perspective on time and generations, challenging Western assumptions about the relationship between past, present, and future.

Impact

It broadened the discussion to include non-Western perspectives on intergenerational relationships and responsibility, encouraging participants to think beyond conventional frameworks.

I think my top priority, apart from many others that compete with this one, is governments must ensure that they have a plan to develop communities that demonstrate the power of social connection.

Speaker

Hina Jilani

Reason

This comment shifts the focus from abstract policy discussions to the importance of building strong, connected communities as a foundation for addressing future challenges.

Impact

It introduced a more human-centered perspective to the discussion, emphasizing the role of social cohesion in creating resilient societies capable of addressing long-term challenges.

Overall Assessment

These key comments shaped the discussion by broadening its scope beyond traditional policy frameworks. They introduced diverse cultural perspectives, highlighted the specific challenges facing regions like Africa, and emphasized the importance of social connection and community-building. This led to a more nuanced and inclusive conversation about how to address long-term global challenges, incorporating voices and viewpoints from various sectors and cultures. The discussion evolved from abstract policy talk to considering practical, human-centered approaches to building a sustainable and equitable future for all generations.

Follow-up Questions

How can we reform international financial institutions to provide better access to financing for developing countries?

Speaker

Andrew Holness

Explanation

This is important to address capacity limitations of developing states in dealing with multidimensional challenges like climate change and debt sustainability.

What mechanisms can be developed to drive inter-jurisdictional models between national governments and indigenous peoples?

Speaker

Paolo Baca

Explanation

This is crucial for implementing intergenerational pacts and stopping deforestation in regions like the Amazon.

How can we restructure the way debt is measured and managed in Africa?

Speaker

Abdullahi Alim

Explanation

This is important because debt in Africa is primarily owned by the private sector and is significantly more expensive than in other parts of the world.

What strategies can be employed to advance export-oriented industrial policies in African countries?

Speaker

Abdullahi Alim

Explanation

This is crucial for increasing African countries’ gains in global supply chains and fostering economic development.

How can we create an intergenerational dialogue platform to ensure long-term thinking and planning in governance structures?

Speaker

Saumya Aggarwal

Explanation

This is important for incorporating youth perspectives in policymaking and decision-making processes.

What concrete actions can be taken to embed futures thinking in decision-making processes across national and local governments?

Speaker

Andrew Holness

Explanation

This is crucial for effective implementation of the Declaration on Future Generations and other global frameworks.

How can we develop communities that demonstrate the power of social connection to address issues like loneliness and social isolation?

Speaker

Hina Jilani

Explanation

This is important for fostering intergenerational connections and informing global governance on essential needs.

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed.

New California laws safeguard actors from AI exploitation

California Governor Gavin Newsom has signed two new bills into law aimed at protecting actors and performers from unauthorised use of their digital likenesses through AI. The following measures have been introduced in response to the increasing use of AI in the entertainment industry, which has raised concerns about the unauthorised replication of performer’s voices and images. The first bill mandates that contracts unambiguously specify the use of AI-generated digital replicas and requires professional representation for performers during negotiations.

The second bill restricts the commercial use of digital replicas of deceased performers. It prohibits their appearance in films, video games, and other media unless the performer’s estate gives explicit consent. These steps are crucial in safeguarding the rights of performers in a rapidly evolving digital landscape, where AI-generated content is becoming increasingly prevalent.

The legislative actions mentioned highlight widespread concerns about AI technology, not just in entertainment but across different industries. The increasing use of AI has raised worries about its potential to disrupt sectors, lead to job displacement, and even pose a threat to democratic processes. Although President Biden’s administration has advocated for federal AI regulations, Congress is split, which makes it challenging to enact comprehensive national-level legislation.

Lenovo launches AI server production and research in India

Lenovo has announced plans to begin manufacturing AI servers at its plant in Puducherry, southern India, and has opened an AI-focused research and development lab in Bengaluru. The company intends to produce 50,000 AI rack servers and 2,400 GPU servers annually, designed for machine learning and other resource-intensive tasks.

These servers will not only serve local demand but also be exported, according to Amar Babu, Lenovo’s Asia Pacific president. Although no specific investment or hiring targets were disclosed, Lenovo already manufactures laptops, notebooks, and personal computers at the Puducherry plant.

The demand for AI chips has surged following the rise of generative AI in late 2023, with AI hardware expected to capture 12% of the global AI market by 2027. Lenovo, which now earns nearly half its revenue from non-PC businesses, is joining other tech giants like Apple and Dell in boosting production in India, partly to reduce reliance on China.

India has attracted global companies with manufacturing incentives, although Lenovo’s AI server production is not tied to any such scheme. However, its collaboration with Dixon Technologies on PC and Motorola phone production does benefit from these incentives.

AI/Gen AI for the Global Goals

Session at a Glance

Summary

This discussion focused on the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate sustainable development and empower Africa’s youth. The panel explored how AI can be leveraged to address challenges in various sectors, including agriculture, education, and finance, while also considering the ethical implications and necessary infrastructure.

Speakers emphasized the importance of collaboration between governments, private sector companies, and youth-led startups in implementing AI-driven initiatives. They highlighted the need for policies that support AI integration into youth development programs and educational systems across Africa. The discussion also touched on the challenges of implementing digital innovation in Africa, including regulatory hurdles and the high cost of AI technology.

A key point raised was the importance of African ownership in the AI value chain, from hardware development to data ownership. Panelists stressed the need for African countries to participate beyond the service layer of AI to ensure long-term benefits and cost-effectiveness. The discussion also addressed the ethical considerations in implementing AI technology, particularly in preventing a widening digital divide.

The panel highlighted ongoing efforts to integrate AI skills into educational curricula and create platforms for young innovators to access funding and support. They emphasized the potential of AI to create job opportunities and drive economic growth in Africa, while also acknowledging the need to address potential job displacements.

Overall, the discussion underscored the transformative potential of AI for Africa’s development, while emphasizing the importance of inclusive, ethical, and collaborative approaches to its implementation. The panelists called for increased investment in AI education, infrastructure, and local innovation to ensure that Africa can fully harness the benefits of this technology.

Keypoints

Major discussion points:

– The potential of AI to accelerate progress on sustainable development and the UN Sustainable Development Goals

– The need for collaboration between governments, private sector, and other stakeholders to responsibly develop and implement AI

– Challenges around AI access, infrastructure, and skills gaps, particularly in developing countries and Africa

– Ethical considerations and risks associated with AI development and deployment

– The role of youth and innovation in driving AI adoption and solutions in Africa

The overall purpose of the discussion was to explore how AI, particularly generative AI, can be leveraged as a tool to accelerate sustainable development and empower youth in Africa, while addressing challenges and ethical concerns.

The tone of the discussion was generally optimistic and forward-looking, with speakers highlighting the transformative potential of AI. However, there was also a pragmatic acknowledgement of significant challenges that need to be overcome, particularly around access, skills, and ethical implementation. The tone became more action-oriented towards the end, with calls for concrete partnerships and initiatives to move the agenda forward.

Speakers

Speakers:

– Sanda Ojiambo – CEO and Executive Director of the UN Global Compact

– Shea Gopaul – Permanent Representative for the International Board Organization of Employers

– Chido Cleopatra Mpemba – African Union Youth Envoy

– Christopher P. Lu – Deputy Command Representative of the UN for Management Reform from the U.S. government

– Gerbrand Haverkamp – Executive Director of the World Benchmarking Alliance

– Henry Kipponen – Chief Innovation Officer from Unite AI Companies

– Dr. Jamila Bio Ibrahim – Nigeria’s Minister of Youth

– Priscilla Boa-Gue – Google’s head for pan-African institutions, government affairs and public policy

– Kolawole Olajide – CEO and co-founder of Sava (fintech company)

Moderators/Facilitators:

– Amelia (no last name given) – Moderated first panel discussion

– Farai Gundan – Moderator for second panel, inspirational youth leader at Harvard University

– Tonilyn Lim – Chief of Programs of the UN Global Conference, facilitated transitions between panels

Areas of expertise varied among speakers, covering topics such as:

– UN initiatives and global partnerships

– Business and employment

– Youth development in Africa

– AI and technology policy

– Sustainable development

– Government affairs

– Fintech and entrepreneurship

Full session report

Expanded Summary of AI and Sustainable Development Discussion

This comprehensive discussion explored the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate sustainable development and empower Africa’s youth. The panel, comprising experts from various sectors, delved into how AI can address challenges in agriculture, education, finance, and other key areas, while also considering ethical implications and necessary infrastructure.

Potential of AI for Sustainable Development

Speakers unanimously agreed on AI’s significant potential to drive progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sanda Ojiambo, CEO of the UN Global Compact, emphasized that AI, particularly generative AI, can be a “true game-changer for sustainability progress”. She highlighted its ability to democratize access to information, accelerate innovation through cross-disciplinary thinking, and increase productivity. Ojiambo also discussed the UN Global Compact’s recent report on AI for sustainable development, which outlines how AI can contribute to each of the 17 SDGs and provides guidance for businesses on responsible AI implementation.

However, the discussion also acknowledged the need for a balanced perspective. Ojiambo cautioned that while AI could help solve global goals, gaps in technology access could exacerbate global inequalities. This nuanced view set the tone for a broader exploration of both opportunities and challenges.

Challenges and Risks in AI Implementation

The panel identified several significant hurdles to AI implementation in Africa:

1. Infrastructure limitations: The lack of basic infrastructure such as internet access and electricity in many areas was highlighted as a major challenge.

2. Cost barriers: Kolawole Olajide, CEO of Sava, pointed out the high costs of AI development and implementation for African startups.

3. Ethical considerations: Priscilla Boa-Gue from Google stressed the need for responsible AI principles and ethical guidelines.

4. Informal sector challenges: Dr. Jamila Bio Ibrahim, Nigeria’s Minister of Youth, discussed the difficulties of implementing AI solutions in Africa’s large informal sector, where traditional data collection and digital integration are limited.

These challenges underscored the complexity of leveraging AI for development in Africa, prompting discussions on potential solutions and strategies.

African Initiatives and Strategies

The discussion highlighted several initiatives aimed at harnessing AI for Africa’s development:

1. African Union’s AI Strategy: Chido Cleopatra Mpemba discussed the African Union’s efforts to develop a comprehensive AI strategy and policy brief to guide the continent’s approach to AI adoption and regulation.

2. Make Africa Digital Campaign: Mpemba also mentioned this initiative, which aims to promote digital literacy and skills across the continent.

3. Google’s AI Research Centers: Priscilla Boa-Gue detailed Google’s investments in AI research centers in Ghana and Kenya, focusing on developing locally relevant AI solutions and supporting African AI researchers.

4. Nigeria’s Youth Empowerment Initiatives: Dr. Jamila Bio Ibrahim outlined Nigeria’s efforts to support youth in technology and AI, including plans to integrate AI and digital skills into educational curricula and provide funding for youth-led AI initiatives.

Empowering African Youth through AI

A key focus of the discussion was how to harness AI to benefit Africa’s youth. Strategies discussed included:

1. Investing in talent development and digital skills training for youth

2. Integrating AI and digital skills into educational curricula

3. Providing funding and investment opportunities for youth-led AI initiatives

4. Creating enabling policy environments to support AI startups

Importance of Collaboration and Partnerships

Speakers consistently emphasized the crucial role of multi-stakeholder collaboration in effectively developing and implementing AI technologies. Ojiambo called for partnerships between governments, private sector, and civil society. Boa-Gue highlighted the potential of collaborations between tech companies and African institutions to develop localized AI solutions. Olajide stressed the importance of cooperation between youth-led startups, established businesses, and governments.

African Ownership in the AI Value Chain

Kolawole Olajide raised a thought-provoking point about the need for African countries to participate beyond the service layer of AI: “If as a continent, we only participate in that service layer, we have a big problem in the long-term. We will continue to, it will be very expensive for us.” This insight highlighted the importance of building local AI capabilities and infrastructure in Africa, including manufacturing and hardware development.

Ethical Considerations and Governance

The panel addressed the importance of ethical AI development and deployment. Gerbrand Haverkamp, Executive Director of the World Benchmarking Alliance, emphasized the role of international bodies like the UN in AI governance, stating, “If we do not do it here in the UN, it will either be decided in the US, in Europe, or in China, and then we know which other countries will not be at the table.” This comment led to discussions on the need for inclusive global governance structures for AI.

Unresolved Issues and Future Considerations

Despite the productive discussion, several issues remained unresolved, including:

1. Ensuring AI benefits reach rural and marginalized communities

2. Ownership and control of African data used to develop AI systems

3. Increasing African participation in hardware development and other parts of the AI value chain

4. Balancing innovation with ethical concerns and responsible AI development

The discussion also touched on the upcoming UN Summit of the Future, which will focus on youth engagement and the role of emerging technologies in shaping global futures.

In conclusion, the discussion underscored the transformative potential of AI for Africa’s development, while emphasizing the importance of inclusive, ethical, and collaborative approaches to its implementation. The panelists called for increased investment in AI education, infrastructure, and local innovation to ensure that Africa can fully harness the benefits of this technology, while also addressing the significant challenges and ethical considerations that lie ahead.

A notable contribution came from a young Indian speaker who mentioned writing an AI book for African children, highlighting the growing global interest in promoting AI education for youth across continents.

Session Transcript

Sanda Ojiambo: Good afternoon, everybody, and thank you so much for making the time to be here. My name is Sanda Ojiambo. I’m the CEO and Executive Director of the UN Global Contact. It’s really great to welcome you to our offices. First, I just want to say sincere apologies. I know we’ve had to make some changes on venue. On the positive side, we’re now being streamed live on UN Web TV, so we do have a much larger and global following, which I think is great for the opportunity that we have. But just to say, yes, the negotiations for the pact for the future, which will be central to the summit of the future, happened to be, should I say, protracted. And so essentially, most available space, there was a request to avail space so that member states or governments could conclude this piece of negotiation and discussion. So thank you for being accommodating. I know we’re all here to rally behind the pact and what we want to achieve for the summit of the future, which includes a lot of the important work that we want to do around technology and AI. So thank you for accommodating that. I know a few of our guests are on the way. They had engagements at the United Nations, so they need to make their way over here. But we will certainly kick off. I will just make some comments to start. I know there’s a lot that we want to talk about. This has been a really exciting report that we’ve been able to compile with our partners and really marks, I think, for the Global Compact, a great launchpad into looking at the world of Gen AI for the global goals. I want to first just thank the African Union Office of the Youth Envoy. I know she’s on the way. She was a dear friend, a strong advocate for everything future looking and a great youth envoy. So I appreciate her and her effort. I know colleagues from her office are here. I’d also like to thank the International Organization of Employees. Who’s also a great friend and strong advocate for private sector and all the transformative work that it does in all of its phases. Your collaboration has allowed us to drive this conversation forward. So thank you very much. Cleo and Shiv for your support on this. The Summit and indeed the Pact of the Future, we will see by the end of the week, put a strong focus on young people. There’s a declaration by the youth that will come out and it’s really the opportunity to look at new solutions, chart a new vision of what the world can look like after these four years that have been particularly hard from an economic perspective, a social perspective and certainly in terms of governance and society functioning. So the Summit and the Pact call us to imagine a new future that is really grounded in multilateralism, that has strong global governance underpinning it, that embraces the global digital compact that I’m sure you’ll hear about over the next couple of days and certainly has young people and driving forward the sustainable development goals. And so then therefore technology and AI is so central to making sure that we can get there because as we reflected on last year at this time, as you know, we’re so far behind on where we need to be with the global goals. Business is uniquely positioned to drive this forward as we know. Business was called to the table in 2015 when the goals were being designed to look at the goals of a strong investment opportunity, an opportunity not only to bridge markets but really to bridge the gaps that exist between communities, people, societies and the world. So business still remains core to the work that we need to do for the remaining years till 2030. Gen AI gives us the opportunity to crunch large data sets, to find the insights that we need and to truly deliver the solutions to move the goals forward. We interviewed about 30 executives to put this report together and all of them recognized the capacity and the potentials for Gen AI to truly transform industry and what we need to do. A larger survey of about 1,600 CEOs revealed that 75% of those companies, admittedly large companies, are in the process of embedding AI into their work and their strategies. According to this new report, and thank you to Accenture, our partners, for working with us on this, Gen AI can be a true game-changer for sustainability progress because it will democratize access to information, it will accelerate innovation through the solutions, through cross-disciplinary thinking, and certainly by increasing productivity. Schools can help navigate complex and sustainable development problems, such as circular business, more productive supply chains, and I’m truly wishing I had Gen AI when I was in school. I’m told it solves a lot of the challenges I face trying to do my homework and my assignments. But imagine Gen AI combined with robotics and what the future would look like for many. I come from Kenya, the African continent, often referred, Kenyan specifically, no offense to the other African world, the Silicon Savannah, sometimes called the hotbed of innovation. You know, what do we need? We need scale, we need technology, we need access to crunch those data sets and make solutions that make sense, not only for those small startup entrepreneurs, but for the big issues that a lot of the developing and the emerging world needs to solve. At best, AI will help us solve the global goals, and that’s really important, but we must take a reality check because we realize that gaps in technology are really what keeps the world separate. On the one hand, we’re moving forward with large language models. On the other hand, the people who still don’t have access to connectivity can’t afford it or simply are still working using a feature phone. So, you know, there’s a lot of work that will go on around looking at what Gen AI can and should look like, how we bridge those technology gaps from a policy perspective, from an infrastructure perspective, from a device perspective, from a content perspective, from a pricing perspective. So much work to be done, even while we accelerate forward on this. Additionally, and under that, we need to look at issues such as rights, bias, ethics, complex areas because we’re really charting uncharted waters. Lots of work going on on this. Allow me to just mention the Secretary General’s high level advisory body on technology and AI that is doing some groundbreaking work on supporting efforts. and discussions on global governance, very important. Regional efforts are also key. We will hear from the African Union about how it’s building a vibrant and inclusive AI startup ecosystem. We must look at each region’s priorities and needs. Technology is not applied agnostically or across many different infrastructure and policy areas as well. This report, as you’ll see, will outline tangible actions to help companies use technology as it should and for the global goals. Companies, as we always say in the Global Compact, must work in partnership with governments, with civil society, with communities, empower young people, empower SMEs, empower innovators to really drive technology forward. Gen AI is already shaping the global landscape. Every day, I sense something new and really wonder where the future may lie. It’s really interesting that we’re here gathering the summit of the future, where we can really look at what a combined future for the world can look like. So really important. So I just want to say thank you so much to all those who helped put the report together. Many from my team here, who I know thoroughly enjoyed the exercise. I enjoyed reading the report, debating about some of the critical issues that were in there. And we’re very hopeful that this report will provide value, not just for Global Compact members, for anybody in the private sector and our broad stakeholder ecosystem, who’s really looking to see how we can get to 2030 and really deliver on the Sustainable Development Goal. So thank you so much to all of you for coming. I know we have a few people walking in also. They come over from the UN office, but welcome and we really look forward to an energizing discussion. Thank you.

Moderator: Great. Thank you, Sanda. I think we can hand it to Shea. Yeah. Great.

Shea Gopaul: So thank you, Sanda. And like Sandra, I’d like to thank the African Union, as well as Global Compact. is a co-sponsor with us today. My name is Shea Gopaul, I’m the permanent rep for the International Board Organization of Employers. For those of you that don’t know us, we are an organization representing 50 million companies with our employers federations and our members in over 150 different countries. We focus on social employment issues from policy to advocacy, to really capacity building at country level. So we too undertook a study with Deloitte and looking at G20 countries where we looked at their AI readiness and how prepared are countries as we embark on this new world of AI. And while there’s a dual nature to AI and its impact on the labor market and society, obviously there are some very positive significant points in particularly productivity and efficiency gains, but there’s also an awful lot and people are very worried about is job displacements and social disparities. The recent IMF report has said that AI will affect 40% of jobs around the world, but in advanced economies where we’re moving so quickly on this, it could be actively 60%. Now there will be job losses, but there will be job gains. And I think there’s some really interesting numbers, but they’re not all saying the same thing. If you look at MIT, some of the numbers are a bit alarming because they’re using also historical data. You have the ILO coming out, the West says 14 million jobs could be lost, that’s 2%. Whereas the OECD is saying, no, let’s look at this, it could be more positive. No matter what is happening in the AI world, there will be job loss and people need to be trained and retrained into these new positions. Women in particular are being very affected by this. And the first round, particularly in gen AI, is a lot of the administrative positions which are being taken by many women. And unfortunately, some of those are the jobs where they need to be re-skilled immediately so that they can move in and fit into other jobs. But women also have a disadvantage. And if you look at the statistics, they are not as much in STEM education. They’re at a disadvantage, and therefore men are much more educated and trained, and they will be able to move forward. But AI will not take your job away, but the person with AI skills will. So there are a lot of gains in productivity, as I said, and particularly in sectors like manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare, we see a lot of tasks being automated. And there is an increase in productivity, particularly, as I said, in these advanced economies. Routine tasks are being removed, and then people are being able to spend more time on creativity, strategic work, and overall productivity. So in general, in G20 countries, they all say that they’re well-prepared and positioning themselves for AI. And there are many opportunities, and they are all, however, at very different stages. Everyone says that they’re looking at a strategy, and they have actually set up ministries and groups that are really looking at AI governance and all the other issues around it. But as Sandra said, the current digital infrastructure is very serious. And while we’re talking about this and saying it’s so great in many advanced economies, you shouldn’t forget that 33% of the world is without access so you’re not gonna be using generative AI. There are various forms and levels of investment. AI takes investment and particularly private investment. And that’s where it’s very unevenly distributed. 81% of the private investment in AI is in two countries and that’s China and the US. That means that there are a lot of countries that don’t have the resources. And so therefore there’s a push by governments to be putting more of public funds into this. The skills gap is very serious, but most importantly there’s something called the skills mismatch. Particularly in South Africa, Brazil and Mexico, they have the largest skills mismatch. And this could cause some serious problems because young people who are educated and want to work but do not have the skills for a job that can cause very serious frustrations and eventually unrest, which is what we saw a lot in 2012 when we had a lot of the youth unemployment problems we’re dealing with. But also the IMF looked at several factors when you’re looking at readiness. And there’s things like doing business in a country, the startup environment, the human capital, again, investment. But there are common efforts across countries and everyone recognizes its importance. However, the infrastructure development is recognized as being serious. Digital infrastructure is the cornerstone. However, they are all putting prioritization on high-speed internet, cloud computing, advanced technologies in order to be able to integrate their AI. Workforce development and skills enhancement is a very serious issue and they’re trying to tackle it and R&D becomes very important in these G20 countries. However, there are some serious issues and I’m going to point to a few of them which I sort of raised. But there needs to be an equitable distribution of the AI benefits. And this is where there’s really serious concern. Because many countries are not ready with the infrastructure, and this is really going to cause even worse income inequalities. Private sector and public sector must come together on this to become a leader in AI. They’re working on workforce development, but they’re also looking at AI integration into the economy. The skills gap, I said, is huge, the mismatch, but we do see that a lot of countries are very quickly taking on targeted programs and efforts, and private sector is assisting with this in modernizing the educational curricula. And for instance, Brazil has a strategy right now where they’re putting a strong AI workforce development together with financial resources, scholarships, and AI degrees. But there needs to be the balance between innovation and ethical concerns. Strategies should really adapt to the address of emerging ethical concerns, such as algorithms and the implication of AI on privacy. So just to conclude, we have the study, it’s out there, lots is happening, but we need to share. Those that are at the advantage and those who are doing well really need to share with others to bring everyone up to the same level. To conclude, we need a human-centric approach, where we consider the workplace, education, misinformation, and ethics are absolutely critical for any strategy. We know we can’t do it alone, and we know that many could be left behind even more. The Global Compact Study is great because we know that we can achieve great outcomes in their examples, but we also know that we can’t do it alone, and we know that many could be left behind even more. of coming together, but we need to share, complement, and work in partnership. So, thank you.

Sanda Ojiambo: I just have an additional job with the MC, but allow me to welcome the delegates from the African Union. Welcome. I know you had to do a walk-off. Sincere apologies for the change of venue. Thank you for being accommodating. We kicked off the program. I provided my remarks. My dear colleague shared spoken from the international organization before us. So, if you’re ready, we’d very much welcome your remarks from the African Union and the President, Madam, the youth envoy. Thank you very much. Would you like to come up front?

Chido Cleopatra Mpemba: Thank you, everyone. First of all, my apologies for being late. This is my fifth event for the day. There’s one more to go. So, I’ve just come from the UN, where we’re closing an event on gender equality for young girls and adolescents. As you’re aware that today’s also the UN Summit of the Future Youth Action Day, but I’m happy to be here. First of all, to my sister, Sanda. Thank you for doing this in collaboration with the African Union, the Minister of Youth for Nigeria, the Minister of Youth Development for Nigeria, my dear sister, Dr. Jamila. Everyone, thank you for being with us today, and I see a lot of familiar faces that we have in the room, young professionals like Kola, like Melvin, just to name a few that have joined us here today. I’m going to speak mostly about the work in the Office of the Youth Envoy, and the reason I’m going to mention this is because knowing that UN Global Contact works with the private sector, I think it’s important that we raise the best practices of the private sector working with young people in Africa. So at the African Union with the Digital Transformation Strategy, and within this, the Office of the Youth UNWRADE launched a campaign, which is the Make Africa Digital campaign. This campaign is in partnership with Google and AfriZim Bank, and we also have the support from UN Global Compact in launching a policy brief. We’ve taken this campaign to seven countries with the partnership of the private sector because we believe it’s important that we have a digital literate, you know, future generation. So, you know, we’ve been going across the continent, partnering with local tech hubs and ensuring that young people get to learn about digital literacy and we prepare them for the future of work. But not only that, we realized when we went about this campaign, that some of the communities that we visited, for example, when we were in Ghana, we’re in a community just far up from Accra. And, you know, some of the people raised a concern when we’d gone there for the training and they said, actually, you’re here to train us, but we don’t have the digital access. So you might come and talk about digital literacy, but we don’t have the technology. And as a result, we then decided to actually start having consultations with young people in different communities to say, this is actually working. What more would you like within the context of Africa and the support from the private sector and the African Union? Because we all know that AI is a new thing, right? It’s a new buzz. Recently, the African Union actually launched an AI strategy, which was adopted by our member states at the AU Head of State Assembly in June. We know that the UN is also launching an AI strategy. I’m not sure if it’s been launched and it’s coming up very soon. And as a result, we came up with this policy brief. The policy brief is on AI and user sustainability in Africa. And we’re really excited for, you know, different stakeholders to get to appreciate this policy brief from the private sector to the member states and the governments. and ensuring that we do better really for African youth. When we talk to the youth in Africa, what comes up the most is unemployment is such an issue. A lot of young people are unemployed and we need to address that. We can address that through education, through working with the private sector as well, but we can also address this by raising entrepreneurs. How can we ensure that we capacitate our young people? How do we ensure that we raise funding for young people? Because it’s one thing if we capacitate them and if we train them, and there’s no funding, to further accelerate the initiative. So I think that’s what I would like to leave in the room. I hope my team will pardon me because I didn’t get a chance to read all their hard work and their research in this, but appreciating, and acknowledging my team really. I’m here with a delegation of a women-led delegation from across the continent that are here with me today from Cameroon. We have a delegation from Zimbabwe, Nigeria. We have a delegation from Mali. We have a delegation of young women that are with me in this room. And the reason I’m not missing it is because in as much as we talk about youth representation, it’s also important that we include those that are marginalized. And often the young women are marginalized. So let us also think about that. If we talk about AI, we talk about young people, but let us not forget the marginalized, the people in non-urban areas, that are often left behind. I was literally in the session I was in just now at the U.S. and I was just raising awareness of a statistic on young girls that are out of school compared to the ratio to boys. And it’s quite huge. The gap is quite huge in Africa. We need to do something about that. But in closing, just to appreciate everyone’s here and I’m looking forward to the discussions that will be ongoing in this room and for everyone to further contribute really in building and developing the Africa that we want and meeting the SDG goals, but also the Agenda 2063. So thank you very much.

Sanda Ojiambo: Thank you so much Chido, really for your leadership and as you said, bringing forward that generation of both, you know, marginalized young people as well as women and everything that is so important for the world that we live in. You don’t have a t-shirt. Thank you. You’re absolutely welcome. It’s good to have you here and sincere apologies, you might know more about the levels of negotiation that are going on within the United Nations. So please accept our apologies to everybody, once again, having to make a very last minute change of venue. As I mentioned before, here on The Positive, we’re now being streamed live on UN Web TV, so we are, you know, globally visible, but more importantly, I think it’s just great to be able to have this discussion as we continue to stream in. I just want to say a special welcome to the Ambassador. Thank you so much for all of your support in all that we do. I know we move on to an interactive panel and they’ve put these painfully high seats for all of you. But lovely to be able to welcome the panel and have you up here for this interactive panel. Allow me also to recognize, indeed, the Minister for Youth from Nigeria. Madam, thank you so much for joining us and all of our special guests who are making the time to come over. I’d love to be able to introduce the panel. The other Ambassador, Christopher Lu, is the Deputy Command Representative of the UN for Management Reform from the U.S. government. We have Gerbrand Haverkamp, the Executive Director of the World Benchmarking Alliance, to be here. And certainly Henry Kipponen, the Chief Innovation Officer from Unite AI Companies. Please, you are all welcome to join. And I’ll be moderated by Amelia. And we have moderation from Amelia.

Amelia: Thank you. I know there’s a little bit of shuffling, so I’ll let everyone find their seats. All right. Thank you all so much for joining us, and thank you to all the wonderful speakers for being here. And thank you all for joining me. I’m excited to have you all here. As we discussed, we are at a crossroads. As I discussed, we are at a crossroads. On the one hand, we are desperately behind where we need to be when it comes to the SDGs, with only 17% on-track spending. And on the other hand, as we discussed, we have exciting, amazing technology, such as Gen-AI, that can help accelerate the progress that we need, that can help close some of the gaps and really get us to where we need to be by 2030. Please speak up. Oh, I apologize here. I will try. As I said, we’re at a crossroads where we need to, on the one hand, accelerate our progress on the SDGs, and look at really taking advantage of the tools at our disposal, such as Gen-AI. Can you all hear me now? I’ll try and project more. So I’m really excited to have our three panels today, where we’re going to be talking about different perspectives, from government to private sector, on how Gen-AI can really be used to accelerate sustainable development and accelerate the global goals. And for those who might be interested, there are reports and postcards outside to read more. But during this panel, I really want to touch on three things. The first is innovation, the excitement around Gen-AI, really expanding on what Sanda already talked about at the beginning of the opening session. The second is some of the risks that Sherry touched on, from employment to misinformation to bias and more. And the third is the real importance of collaboration. When it comes to both enabling that acceleration, but also mitigating and managing those risks. I’d love to start off with innovation. So, we all know that, I’m sorry, I’m going to turn my back to you now, so we all know that several companies around the world have really made commitments when it comes to sustainability. Yet they’re facing headwinds, the geopolitical conflict, to the economy, and more. So, I’m curious, from your perspective, how can GEN-AI be used as a tool to really help accelerate some of this, to help overcome the challenges and accelerate some sustainability progress? I’ll open up with Henry.

Henry Kipponen: Yeah, so there are many cases, and we’ve heard here that AI is a new thing. I think I founded my first AI company in 2012 or 2013, so from that moment, it was pretty clear where things are going. So, for example, the private sector hasn’t done a very good job of implementing that, neither has the governments. And so, there are many things, for example, starting from precision farming, that’s a very obvious case. Then there are, for example, in construction, what you can do with algorithmic planning is to, for example, create structures that are as strong as done by using a lot of material like concrete and metals, but you can chip away some of the materials in those uses. You can reduce food waste, for example, by predicting the demand, and we’re not doing that currently. Like, 50% of everything that comes from farms goes to trashcans somewhere, and it doesn’t make any sense. Also, there are some other things that, for example, people usually tend to think that if algorithms make decisions based on, for example, who is hired where, then it’s always biased. But that’s just like, that’s humans who are doing the bias in that. So they are now like, understanding how to build the data sets. Because I mean, it’s about the data sets and how the algorithm works. But I would assume that if we would do that, for example, like, like, we would like make algorithms make all those decisions, for example, for jobs, then we would audit them. Everyone who’s the decision didn’t like the decision might ask from the corporation or whoever, and ask to show that how did the algorithm work. And that would actually create transparency. But those are like very obvious use cases. And we don’t need any technology. Technology was there like 10 years ago for doing that. But we just don’t have the way to do that.

Amelia: I think we all know that sometimes there’s a gap between having a tool and actually implementing it for good. But I do like the example of really taking away that bias and implementing more transparency. That brings me to the next one. From benchmarking perspective, that is a lot of essentially enabling transparency on the action that companies are taking. Will Jen and I be able to help with that transparency? How are you thinking about evaluating companies more?

Gerbrand Haverkamp: Yeah, so first, we look at the world’s 2000 most influential companies from a perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals. So what can these companies do to make sure that we achieve the SDGs? And I don’t want to be the parsley pooper here. But I’m going to be anyway a little bit. There is a lot of excitement. But if you look at what companies are actually doing, that’s what we know from benchmarking is they’re falling massively behind. And so I can be excited about precision agriculture. But I’m going to be excited when it’s in the hand of smallholder farmers, because that’s what is going to make a difference. And this is where we constantly see those challenges. So I am and I want to be and I am excited about new technologies. But it’s always a question about how do we make that available? Because right now, it’s quite what it is. something simple as internet access is a reflection of inequality, but it also widens inequality if we don’t fix it. I think for us as an organization, like we, so therefore we are constantly interested in how can we measure the impact that companies have on people and planets. And whilst these companies operate in a world of big data, when it comes to the data on their actual impact, we have mainly data gaps. So I’m really, really interested in, I think someone made a joke about data centers, right? There’s not a lot of data about data centers and their energy use, et cetera. So these are sort of the discrepancies that we need to start fixing. Like how do we actually start to deploy these solutions to get clarity and data on issues where we now don’t have sight? So I hope for us as an organization, that also means technological development in terms of how do we then utilize that? We’re an NGO, so we’re not the best at that kind of stuff, but we need to figure it out and how do we work with that? But I think that’s, for me, it’s really the critical bit, like how, with every new wave of technology, how are we going to make it accessible?

Amelia: I think absolutely we’ve touched on themes of accessibility and that is critical. I’m curious, Ambassador Lu, from the standpoint of both it being a innovative, nascent technology, but also having these issues of accessibility, et cetera, what’s the perspective of governments to be able to make it accessible to the people?

Christopher P. Lu: Yeah, I mean, look, AI is new, but it’s actually really not that new. I mean, we’ve been having this conversation for the last two years since the advent of chat GPT, but AI goes way before that. Every time you go online and you do a search and it suggests something to you, that’s AI. Every time you go on Google Maps to try to figure out how long it’s going to take you, that’s AI. I think the difference is the power and what it can do. And I think the challenge that governments have is how do we ensure that these benefits flow to everyone while mitigating the risks? And we know about some of the risks, this information. I think in some ways, the greatest risk that we face is that the benefits don’t flow to everybody and that it has the potential to both decrease inequality, but widen inequality. there’s a major capacity challenge right now. I mean, AI is like a very fancy sports car and a lot of countries don’t even have paved roads. So the question is, how do you connect people to the internet? How do you even give them reliable electricity so they can connect to the internet? So that’s kind of one challenge, but then it’s also understanding that countries don’t need to have the capability, particularly in the developing world to develop AI. They just need to be able to take advantage of it. So when you’ve got AI tools that help, you know, farmers better grow crops or that can predict floods or that can assess the credit worthiness for microloans, all of that can help the developing world. We just need to get those tools into the hands of people. And often you could do that through a smartphone connection. And so this is something we in the U.S. government have been thinking a lot about. The challenge that I think for the perspective of the U.S. is we often think about these as problems that governments can solve. And yes, governments have capacity to solve them. Truthfully, these will ultimately be solved by the private sector. The private sector and U.S. tech companies, European tech companies, will have the ability to lay the cable that will connect people to the internet and will provide the skilling. Government can provide an impetus to this, but government alone can’t solve it, nor can the U.N. solve this problem.

Amelia: Absolutely, and that actually takes us to the topic of collaboration. Because we do think, as you mentioned, Ambassador Liu, that collaboration is the key between the private sector and government to be able to really utilize the technology, the skills, the finances at our fingertips to be able to implement that change. So I’m sure it’s a big thing about collaboration from initially the private sector. What more would you both like to see from global cross-sector partnerships? How can we help close that gap in terms of access, in terms of potential employment changes, et cetera?

Henry Kipponen: Well, what I see is like, I look at it from the perspective of innovation. It’s something that’s like… This technological change is huge because now it’s democratized. So basically, anyone can create, for example, a learning algorithm using Gen AI and large language models and code that, for example. But unless you have access to the Internet, if you don’t have the devices, it doesn’t make any sense. But again, I’m a little bit skeptical about organizations or governments deciding on what to innovate, because we just don’t know. And this is where young people and this collaboration comes in, because I mean, this is the most important part. What I think is that since the future is not created, maybe we want to include all of those people who will be living this planet after, for example, I’m born. I’m young in Europe, by the way. European youth convoy looks like this. That’s how it is. But again, I think that is the part that when we’re trying to direct innovation to somewhere, it goes usually wrong, and especially with new technologies. We must create the platform, have the resources, as has been said here, have the access for that. And then, for example, funding it in a way that maybe there are some projects that the who gives the money decides what to do. But like it’s done in research that like you just give money to people who have some ideas and some of them might be groundbreaking, which are solving actual problems. But I’m very interested in about this point of like, in 2015 happened a big thing when Google democratized some of the tools, that was a huge thing that happened. And now it’s democratized for like all who have the access to the Internet and for these devices. And that, for me, is a creative revolution. And especially when people who have not been taken away from taking part of some of the things get access to that, then we’re going to see change. But it’s not going to be the change that we’re now protecting. It is going to be something totally different. And I’m just like hoping that it will be the sort of like the good people now doing it because, I mean, there are so many bad uses for AI and usually it’s the bad people who like take it first and do it to, for example, like reduce trust between people. So we have a crisis of democracy and we’ve seen that happening already. So now it’s the for the good people time to like move in.

Gerbrand Haverkamp: I think it’s, of course, absolutely right that it’s ultimately companies that deliver and I would not want to make any suggestions to change that. But I think if there’s one role for the UN, it is to spell out what the responsibility of business is when it comes to the deployment of technology. And because once we have clear norms and guidance, within parameters, we actually want to deploy this technology, we want to develop it. That’s different from saying what to develop, but it is giving the guardrails for how we do it. And the UN has done it before, right, with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. It sets out principles within business, which business can operate. And I think there’s now an opportunity, starting with the Global Digital Compact, to spell out for nations, and therefore for companies, what the ethical principles are that we want to apply when developing and deploying these new technologies. And I think the UN is really the only place where that can be done. Because if we do not do it here in the UN, it will either be decided in the US, in Europe, or in China, and then we know which other countries will not be at the table. So if we really want, if we’re talking about inclusivity, and we want this to be available for all, then we need to be able to set the norms and standards and parameters at a place and the UN is the only place where that can be done. Because otherwise, it will be set by the world’s biggest economies, or the world’s biggest economies will choose not to do it. And therefore, I think it’s really, really unique not to undermine that position of the UN, because the UN is the only place that has the legitimacy to do that. So if there’s one thing that I hope will come out of this Global Digital Compact, is articulation of what the responsibility of business is. That’s very different from saying what business should be doing, but it’s saying within these parameters is how we’re going to work. And we’ve done it before with human rights, and I think we have an opportunity to do it now as well for the generative AI and other new technologies.

Amelia: Absolutely. What are those ethical principles and frameworks that we need to be thinking about? Anything to add?

Christopher P. Lu: Yeah, it’s actually one of the reasons why we in the US led the effort on the first ever UN resolution on AI that passed in March. And it was to begin to set out some of these rules of the road for how AI should be operated and governed and how it should be developed. And I mean, the miraculous aspect of this is that we were able to get 193 countries to agree with this, even though, candidly, there’s only a couple dozen that have the capability of actually meaningfully developing AI. But it was essentially to start putting down some basic rules of the road that countries could adopt if they adopt their own regulatory scheme. And obviously, the US scheme is much different than the Chinese scheme, which is much different than the EU scheme. But there’s a basic set of principles that should guide it. And I do agree with the both panels. The UN has an important role in this. But what’s important to understand is that the importance of bringing every stakeholder to the table. And that’s a point of distinction within the UN. There are countries right now who do think the only people that should discuss AI are country to country conversations. And I think that’s short-sighted. I mean, other than China right now, if you look at the other major countries that are developing AI, the vast majority of the investments in AI are happening in the private sector. These are not government-funded investments. They’re private sector investments. So not to include those companies in the conversation leaves it both player, frankly, not including civil society NGOs, who can be the important check to ensure that human rights and civil liberties are all being protected. That’s an oversight as well. So those are some of the broad guiding principles of how we’ve tried to negotiate global digital compact.

Amelia: Thank you. I’m going to wrap up with one final quick question before we get applauded off the stage. I think it’s very exciting to hear about what we need coming out. Just very curiously, what, if I may ask you each, what do you find most exciting in the next five to 10 years about the potential of Gen AI to unlock sustainable development? what’s the one thing that you’re most excited about? And I’ll start, and that’s early.

Christopher P. Lu: I mean, it’s, I’m not even trying. I mean, you know, when you look at breast cancer detection, education, skilling, agriculture, I mean, sustainability, it’s all really exciting. And yet, we know what the risks are. And so I think that balance of how we get the benefits and mitigates them, the risk is both exciting and scary. I know that’s not an answer, but that’s about it.

Henry Kipponen: There are many interesting venues with that, but I’m still wondering all the time, the food waste part, because that doesn’t make any sense to anyone. Because our food system is not producing money for anyone. So it doesn’t make sense in that. And then we’re wasting resources, and people are starving, and that kind of stuff. And I think that would be at least partially solvable with AI technologies. And it’s not like DNA and AI, it’s like some of the basic machine learning algorithms that can do that too.

Amelia: Yeah, addressing that, I believe 40% of food waste, that doesn’t even help feed the population. Yeah. Absolutely.

Gerbrand Haverkamp: I hope climate change, my hope is on climate change. I mean, generally, AI will contribute hugely to the energy, but it will try to deal with its own problem. And in dealing with that, I hope it gets some breakthroughs on climate change.

Amelia: That’d be very exciting. Well, I would like to invite you all to thank your panelists.

Tonilyn Lim: Good afternoon, I’m Tonilyn Lim, Chief of Programs of the UN Global Conference. I’m not Sanda’s AI. I’m taking over. She has to go to another meeting. But anyway, I’d like to thank the panel who really gave us a very rich explanation. of the possibilities in many applications, the role of the private sector in providing infrastructure, skills development and support of the public sector’s initiatives, as well as how to get technology more accessible, especially to farmers, SMEs, small businesses and individuals as such, and the role of the UN in providing the guardrails and also partnerships on the ground as countries continue to develop their own regulations and how private sector can also support in that undertaking and all the other sectors of society. So we’ll now go on to the second panel. It will be an interactive dialogue on also empowering Africa’s future, AI as a catalyst for youth development. So I’d like to call on the moderator, Farai Gundan, from the inspirational youth leader at Harvard University. All right, thank you. And maybe also call to the stage now our other panelists from Bren Chiliabogwe, head of Pan-African institutions, government institutions and public policy of Google, Kolawole Olajide, CEO and co-founder of Sava, and Rodney Njika, UNESCO liaison head to the United Nations Economic Commission in Africa.

Farai Gundan: Sorry, the Honorable Minister of Youth from Nigeria will be joining us.

Tonilyn Lim: Okay, thank you. Honorable Minister, may we also invite you to the stage? Thank you.

Farai Gundan: Thank you so much. Good afternoon to all the parties in the room and the minister made some way to the chairs here. All protocol observed. I’m honored to be here today. I must say getting everyone in the room in one place is almost as rare as catching a New York cab during rush hour. So that was actually me going to AI to ask, okay, give me a joke that will fit this room. Africa boasts the youngest population in the world with over 60% of its population under the age of 25. So to the gentleman who said. and that’s European, this is Africa’s youth here. This is how young we look and how young we are. This dynamic youth demographic holds immense potential as a driving force for innovations, economic growth and social change. With proper investment in education, skills development and entrepreneurship, Africa’s youth could transform the continent into a global leader in technology, sustainable development, creative industries and unleashing the best energy and talent of its next generation. And no, that wasn’t AI, that came from my heart. This panel, Empowering Africa’s Youth, AI as a Catalyst for Youth Development, seeks to amplify our voices, the voice and role of youth, business, government as ethical stewards of AI development and guide the private sector as we make advances with Gen AI. Against the backdrop of the policy brief that was mentioned earlier, Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Youth Development in Africa, a multi-stakeholder collaboration including member states and the private sector. A sheet has gone around the room with a QR code for the link to the policy brief. I’m hoping we’ve all had a chance to actually scan it. So I’ll give a moment to figure out where the sheet is. It’s important that we actually scan and have access to this policy brief. I do want to congratulate you, Chido and Sandra in her absence and your various teams as well as your partners in the role and the work that you have done in putting together this policy brief. So can we just put our hands together for the equity? I certainly look forward to digging into it and sharing with my network. And I challenge all of us in the room to do the same. Now that is out of the way, I’m honored to introduce a very representative panel that reflects the promise and the potential of Africa. Her Excellency, Dr. Jamila Ibrahim, who’s a Nigerian medical doctor, development specialist and politician, currently serving as Nigeria’s minister of youth. She was appointed to the minister, to the position by President Bula to be in September, 2023. So please help me welcome your honours. To her right is Priscilla Boa-Gue. She currently serves as Google’s head for pan-African institutions, government affairs and public policy, where she oversees policy engagement with the African Union Commission, EU Economic Commission for Africa, African Development Bank, amongst other regional organizations. And then, right next to me is a fellow entrepreneur. It turns out that Paula and I are both Spintech founders and he is co-founder and CEO of Saba, and he has co-founded Bridge Labs, driven by his passion for creating high-quality tech solutions that empower organizations to excel in the modern era, while providing employment for young professionals across the continent. I’m so delighted to have this amazing panel and we’re going to be discussing, the title of our panel is, again, Empowering Africa’s Future, AI as a Catalyst for Youth Development. And I’m going to start with the minister herself. I know you’re new to the role. A significant portion of Africa’s youth is employed in the informal sector. How can AI be leveraged to support youth working in the sector? And what steps are actually being taken to formalize and optimize their contributions towards technology? And I want to also reflect on the ambassador. You mentioned that the fundamentals have to be in place for us to take advantage of AI, particularly on the continent. So I would love to hear your views on. on what, how can we leverage our AI, given the backdrop of no power in some instances, no water, and the infrastructure needs to be expanded.

Jamila Bio Ibrahim: Thank you. Thank you very much for having me on the panel. Well, looking at the infrastructure gaps in Africa and in Nigeria in context, we’re in the process of speaking, I’ll just speak in the context of what the Nigerian government is doing. We’re very committed to investing in young people. And of course, speaking out on talents, because we reflect, you know, from the recent past, most of the tech, we have about six of the tech influence that emerged from Africa are actually Nigerians. We have the founders of, the founder of Andela, Flutterwave, which is a fintech company, I’m sure you’re familiar with. We have this talents that are yet untapped, and we’re very aware of that. And we’re working very hard to ensure that we invest in these talents, regardless of the infrastructure gaps. And we’re also, in our part, at the Ministry of Youth Development, we’re tasked with the responsibility to ensure that we create a new environment for young people to thrive. And education, intelligence, and of course, the digital technology space, even though we have a Ministry of Digital Communications and Digital Technology, this ministry drives the policy of, you know, technology and digital communications. However, as a ministry of youth, we have a very robust collaboration. to ensure that we have this, we really identify young people and because we are the first point of contrast between young people and governments, right, and leveraging on a fund that we supervise or we superintend, the Mutual Investment Fund, which is about 17 million U.S. dollars, equivalent that has been approved by the Federal Executive Council to ensure that we empower or rather invest in young people across various sectors, including sectors that were earlier mentioned, the green and green economy and agriculture space. Of course, for us as well, we have an emerging space for that, for the view economy, right, and for extractive as well. And I was very excited when the previous panelists mentioned the deployment of technology to address waste and of course, when they mentioned agriculture. So, the Mutual Investment Fund is, we hope to empower young people in various sectors, including agriculture. And looking at agriculture alone and seeing that reference was made particularly to agriculture and how we can use young people’s creativity to create solutions in that space. And I believe that with efficient intentions and digital technology improvement in digital technology, we will be able to achieve a lot if we are leveraging on agriculture alone, which is our lowest-priority food experience for income from Nigeria. So, beyond that, we really want to invest in young people who are doing remarkable, you know, things in this space. And as a ministry, we’re also in the process of design or rehabilitating our youth development centres and making them up to standard, where we have various devices and all that young people require to, you know, design. softwares and just to create, basically to be digitally creative and as a matter of fact, we’re also going down to the grassroots to ensure that we’re very inclusive and ensure that we do not leave young people in these communities behind. We want to work with the private sector and telecoms companies to ensure that these communities have access and then reach the sub-divide in Nigeria. And you also are aware that a not very recent policy direction or statement was made by Nigeria or commitment rather, the cost of the main band cables for internet infrastructure was actually crushed. It was crushed a great deal. I think it’s about one and a half per metre now to leave fibre optic cables for the tech companies in order to ensure that we give access to rural communities and to people in rural communities to technology. So I think that is a very, it’s a remarkable achievement for us as a government. And we’re also ensuring that, I mean, if this policy comes to fruition and the private sector leverages on it, I think that’s enabling the environment to ensure that we increase access. Yeah, I’m excited about the TIFO administration. I also see that they also liberalise access to power as well. So that has been some exciting development, ensuring that even the most rural communities are able to access it.

Farai Gundan: Thank you so much for your remarks, Dr. Jamila. Over to you, Priscilla. You are over at Google. How should policies evolve to support the integration of AI into youth development? programs in Africa. And then I also want to add to that, who then owns that data? Because it’s one thing to actually begin to develop these training models with the data, but who should own data? Does it reside on the continent or does it reside here in the U.S. with the various companies?

Priscilla: Thank you so much. I’m humbled to be here next to the minister who is also a doctor on the side in your spare time. I think you’re a tremendous example of our African community. Google has been on the continent for about 17 years and we invest $1 billion. And we are in four countries across the continent, Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, and Kenya. And I bring this up because two of those countries actually host our African AI research centers. So we already employ PhD students, researchers, engineers who are African, who are from Africa, who are deploying and developing technologies for Africa. So the technology exists and we have researchers and experts who focus on how do we identify solutions to the pressing problems that we have on the continent. And they’ve been doing this since 2018. So now we have a new center in Kenya that focuses on food security, some of the agricultural precision, and some of the different food security issues that we mentioned. But it’s important to note that Africa is a regionally diverse space, right? And so is our digital ecosystem. It is very diverse. Now we have some very strong digital economies like Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, and Ghana. So we have a lot of work to do to distribute from some of that world, right? And this is where I think that young people have a really important role to play because they are developing some of this innovation, like our both of you are deploying some of these technologies. But we need to have supportive and enabling systems in place. So, what I’ve been doing is working with the African Union, with our colleagues at the Commission to see how do we do this at scale? How do we take a really positive example to expand it to those 55 member countries? And I think one of the greatest examples that we have is African Startup Policy Framework that recently just came out. And so, this will enable all of the member states to develop policies that incentivize founders to go and take a leap from work, to then go and start their startups, to have incubators in place, to have grants, and to really be able to have a community that supports the development of startups. Because Google was once a startup, once upon a time as well. And so, we think about what was in place in order for a company like Google to thrive? And how do we create more of those that are African, that are African-based? And so, policy is really, really critical. In addition to putting in place policies to support our young people, we also have to get our policymakers at a level where they are literate and really conversant in subjects that we are discussing, right? It’s hard to have a conversation with someone who’s not speaking the same language, right? We’re speaking past each other. And this is globally, not just in Africa. My colleagues in the EU face some of the same issues. And I think the advantage that we have is that we can take some of the lessons from the other regions and then choose what will be best and what will work for the continent. So that we can determine how we leapfrog, because we don’t have some of the same legacy issues that some of the developing countries have, right? So I think in some spaces, we actually have some advantages when it comes to policy. And then we have some disadvantages that we know about, but we’re doing a lot in this space. And I would love to invite everyone here, actually, to our AI policy training, short plug, at the Global Africa Business Initiative. So it will be on Wednesday. Right here in the city. We hope you can come. It’s basically an AI policy training course for policymakers and government officials. If you’re not a government official, you can still reach out to me. We have other programs. But it’s basically intended to make sure that our policymakers are literate in this domain and that they also can see the value and how we can help them in the delivery of government services to citizens. And then can also feel empowered to regulate AI.

Farai Gundan: Amazing. I love the fact that it is centralizing, at least at a policy development level. I actually was involved in the market entry for a flood away in South Africa. And so that is part of my journey as a FinTech founder. So I’m so excited. But essentially what happens and speaks to this is we literally have to go to every central bank in Africa, 55, and ask for permission and understand the regulatory environment in each marketplace. And then begin to build our API stack for each marketplace. So you can imagine how challenging this can be, but excited about what Gen AI can do for us. So to you, Kola, founder to founder, FinTech founder to founder, from your experience as CEO of Sava, a FinTech payment system, what are the main challenges facing the implementation of digital innovation in Africa? And I’ll let you share the pain, what keeps us up at night. And hopefully they’re quite similar.

Kolawole Olajide: Thank you so much. So at Sava we built the smartest bank card in Africa. And, you know, with the partnership with MasterCard and raising $5 million from investors. The goal was, you know, how do we enable investment in Africa in the next 20 pages. We built software that allows businesses to issue cards and write rules. You can write rules across four verticals, budget, time, location, and merchant. You could write a rule to say, hey, Conrad business of Africa is traveling to the United States. This card will only work on these days. This card will only work on these merchants, and these merchants, this card will only work at this time of the day. If Conrad will submit certain receipts on time, he wouldn’t be able to use the card anymore. So now you might have so many merchants coming up every day on the continent, and we need these rules to be active in real time. There’s just so much computing power going to be keeping this system active. And, you know, building this solution has opened my eyes to, I mean, deeply into the world of AI. And I’ll start with the point on the regulations, right? With this solution now, with the MasterCard partnership, we can basically operate in any country, MasterCard operates in the United States today, but we still need regulatory approval in each country to be able to go live. Right now, we have approvals in South Africa, and we have approvals in Kenya, and we’re growing. But I think what’s really important for me, I mean, in this, for my experience, was the cost of training this machine. I think there’s a lot of conversations we’re having around at the service layer, which is what can we do with these tools? But if as a continent, we’re not, you know, intentional about being in the value chain of what creates these tools, it would always continue to be a barrier for entry, even if we have the best centers on the continent. Right. And, you know, I’ll just quickly talk you through the value chain of, you know, AI, before it gets into your hands on certificate. Yeah. There’s a specialized hardware that needs to be developed. And a lot of that is designed with resources from the continent, but made in China. Then because of high demand for computing power, these devices, and then this specialized hardware is already fully bought out by two to three companies, Google, Microsoft. Then there are some intellectual property models, proprietary models, called the foundational models that hosts the machine learning ops. And then we have custom layers for different applications, and then we have the services. If as a continent, we only participate in that service layer, we have a big problem in the long-term. We will continue to, it will be very expensive for us. And I think it’s important that for government, we need to be intentional about being participating in this chain. How do we get Google and Microsoft and some of these players to localize some of the technology and help bring down the costs, so that the top talent on the continent can deal with better solutions at an affordable price and also scale up.

Farai Gundan: Thank you so much. And it is definitely a pipeline issue, it’s definitely a value chain issue, where we have to play and own, I’m really big on ownership, ownership of the data, because it comes from us, right? So we have to own that data, even where the data resides, it has to reside on the continent. I was in Rwanda, and President Parker Ghani has said, Rwanda is a proof of concept country. And so come in and play and try all these things, but we retain that knowledge, we retain our failures, we retain our successes, because we understand our people. When talking about value chain, Minister Jamila, Dr. Jamila, what is being done to integrate AI and digital skills at the inter-educational systems across Nigeria, but also across the continent? And I have a two-part question for you. And the second part is, how can governments and the private sector work together to put young people with the necessary AI skills to thrive in the future economy? Taking what Paula has said in mind, that we’re not at the service level, so we’re not creating like fun games, service level games, but really at a hardware. Can we create the hardware that’s necessary to capture this data? Can we play at every level? So what are we doing from an educational perspective? And it’s a pipeline question.

Jamila Bio Ibrahim: Yes, very, very interesting question. Integrating AI at government level, in the schools and curriculum and all of that. I had engagements with the Minister of Education, because that’s the responsibility. Yes, policy mandates of the Ministry of Education. And I’m very excited to tell you that earlier this year, we had the EdTech conference in Abuja, in partnership with Mastercard Foundation. It was fully collaborated with the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Youth and Ministry of Education. And then there’s also an ongoing review of the curriculum at the national level to ensure that we integrate AI into our learning model. Right. And that’s, I mean, the direction, that’s the policy direction for this administration to ensure that we capacitate young people for learning, to think of AI within ethical limits. And, well, partnerships, I was just going to speak to how to engage and see how we can collaborate, yes, with Google, see how we can work together, even beyond the software, the games and the hardware. I mean, I have set some stages here, but I just went on the floor around some of the government offices in Nigeria, and realized that there were a lot of these components that were only here. So it raised a lot of concern here, and I had to talk to some of the heads of government to see how we can leverage the power of creativity and the potential of young Nigerians to actually start designing and fabricating and creating these components. So for local consumption.

Farai Gundan: So manufacturing.

Jamila Bio Ibrahim: Manufacturing.

Farai Gundan: On the continent.

Jamila Bio Ibrahim: On the continent.

Farai Gundan: So our inputs from the continent, beneficiation has to go on the continent.

Jamila Bio Ibrahim: That’s right. So there is the call to all partners to come to the table to work with us. I mean, we may not have all the resources, but we have a little change we can use to invest in new materials.

Farai Gundan: I don’t think Nigeria, you can put a little of Nigeria.

Jamila Bio Ibrahim: Well, I really, really think it’s time. I mean, who doesn’t invest in presidential initiatives to develop enterprises across the various digital technologies space, creative industry, agriculture, extractive industry as well. And there are also opportunities for investment in health sector as well. I mean, we have tech solutions in health as well. The continent has over 100 million young people who are unemployed and underemployed. Yes. And 53 million of these young people are Nigerians.

Farai Gundan: Yeah. So 100 million across the continent, 53 are Nigerian.

Jamila Bio Ibrahim: That is correct. So that leaves me with sleepless nights at the wedding to ensure that we continue to create opportunities to replace the youth capacity of these young people. and place them in meaningful employment. And that’s what, you know, inspired us to create or to design the initiative called the Co-exemption Initiative on Regions and Vice-Versa. I mean, all the sectors we’ve mentioned and we’ve been passing it on to people beyond just faculty, field and health, we’re handing it on to people through that process, the process of ideation of their, you know, conception of their ideas, all the way down to the creation of, I mean, access to markets and to the point of return on investment. We’re highly committed to that. And we’re, I mean, what’s it called? Partners, general and board and private sector, I mean, governments. Inquilus here, and Google is here.

Farai Gundan: So I do want to quickly jump in. You mentioned that you want to pull our sister to the side and maybe talk about collaboration. And I’m really excited to see that already, you know, partnerships are coming out of this. So talking about that, well, on the Google side, should a partnership or collaboration come out of this? The question would be, AI is one of Google’s priority areas in Africa. What ethical considerations should be taken into account when implementing AI technology? So here you are, the minister wants to talk to you about a collaboration. What should, what ethical consideration from your side, from your perspective, that should go into this? Just a quick answer to that.

Priscilla: I’ll just say there are many ethical considerations. We have ethical, responsible AI principles that we developed in 2018, actually, that we use to guide our company’s deployment of AI. But particularly in Africa, some of the things we think about a lot is how do we prevent a widening digital divide? Right. So, we’re deploying these amazing technologies. How do we make it more accessible and useful to more people on the continent? And how do we make sure that we’re not left behind in a lot of these conversations? A lot of that, for us, will have to do with having African data, African data sets, like you were saying, and making sure that we have local languages included as part of the development of data. And so, we’re doing a lot more partnerships with African universities and African researchers in this particular context.

Farai Gundan: Excellent. Thank you so much. In the interest of time, I’m going to move over to Kola. And I want you to wrap up our panel by answering this question. How can collaboration between youth-led startups, such as Atlas, because we are the youth, private sector, and governments be beneficial for the implementation of AI-driven initiatives?

Kolawole Olajide: Great question. So, yeah, I think technology would always move faster than innovation. We would always have both entrepreneurs trying to push the boundaries, right? But I think it’s, we need to be intentional about, you know, shortening that gap. And instead of solving for the perfect framework, because this moves so fast, let’s solve for having the right people in the room, right? And believe me, if we have the right people in the room, no matter how fast technology moves, you know, with the right people in the room, we’ll be able to catch up much faster, and hopefully at some point, we will be ahead, right? You know, and with that being said, I think, you know, sharing my experience, we would need a lot more, you know, private, you know, I would say investors in Africa to take the startup scene seriously, right? Now, a lot of the funding is international, and then you come to a lot of, you know, foreign PCs, and that also influences, you know, our goals. And yeah, of course, and also investment in education, right? We need the right talent to be able to take this forward on the continent. And yeah, I think it’s a super exciting time. You know, I remember when cloud was the hottest thing, right? And everyone, you know, we were late to that game. Now we’re paying so much to get, you know, great, I mean, good quality access to stable cloud. Let’s just make sure the same doesn’t happen with AI.

Jamila Bio Ibrahim: I really think it’s important to encourage young innovators and creators. I really think I need to just let you know that there’s a lot of hope, you know, that the Ministry of Youth is bringing to young people in that space. And in the coming months, we hope to actually create a platform where through venture capital funding, I mean, young people can have access to, you know, some form of an investment. So we have a platform where we’re working very hard to see, we bring young people across the states to teach potential investors. And of course, we leverage as well on the youth development bank that we hope to establish. And that’s in the long term. But in the interim, we can leverage temporarily in the short term, yes, on the youth investment fund and just, you know, do this venture capital thing where people can teach their ideas. And we’re calling on partners to work with us to achieve this.

Farai Gundan: Yes. Thank you so, so much. Thank you for indulging us. To the Honorable Minister, thank you. Priscilla, thank you. Kola, thank you. Thank you to the partners, to Chido, and to everyone else at the A&E.

Moderator: In lieu of a full question and answer, since we’re running out of time, but please, you have the floor. Thank you so much for all these panels and information. I want to make a reflection about who could be involved in this especially too. I’m just coming back from Africa, precisely from the people in Dava, I’m sure some of you know it. It’s an amazing organization of grassroots researchers from all over Africa. They’re doing an amazing work on AI for good. In fact, I think they are leading the AI for good research in the world and we have a lot to learn internationally from what’s happening there. And so all this to say that I think academia and research, it’s not just a discussion, it seemed to me that it was a little bit discussion of private sector startups and government trying to put some regulation of what’s happening from the private sector. Maybe we have to think deeper. What are the goals of AI? Is it just innovation? Innovation for what, right? We are working on many different uses of generative AI and other types of AI, simulations for new policies, informing new global development indicators. This is also AI. And this is happening in Africa too. So this is just what I wanted to say. Let’s include all the stakeholders, especially in Africa. They’re doing an amazing work and we all have to learn from what’s happening there, especially in Dava.

Tonilyn Lim: Thank you very much. I think that was also a message that we got from the other panelists, the partnership, the involvement of different stakeholders from the UN to the private sector and certainly also academia and the research community certainly have to come together all to make this work, scale it for better adoption while respecting freedoms and rights as such. So anyway, I would like to close this session. I actually am not happy to do that, but we have to close at some point. Oh, sorry. We have a youth representative. I can’t, I just have to give like everything. Yes. Oh, okay. Do you want to come here?

Little boy: I just want to say that I am, I’m from India. I’m the world’s youngest speaker on technology and innovation. I’ve written a book on AI and I feel that can impact many lives of African kids who cannot be educated. Thank you. Sorry, I’m his father. No, thank you. It was a pleasure to be reading this book.

Tonilyn Lim: Yes. Thank you very much. So, along with the publication of Ranveer, please also have a chance to download publications from the UN Global Conference on AI for the Global Goals and also publications from IOE and our partners from AU. Thank you very much. And thank you all for attending this session. Thank you.

S

Sanda Ojiambo

Speech speed

183 words per minute

Speech length

1832 words

Speech time

598 seconds

AI can accelerate innovation and increase productivity to drive SDG progress

Explanation

Sanda Ojiambo argues that AI has the potential to accelerate innovation and increase productivity, which can help drive progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This suggests that AI can be a powerful tool for achieving global sustainability targets.

Evidence

A survey of about 1,600 CEOs revealed that 75% of large companies are in the process of embedding AI into their work and strategies.

Major Discussion Point

The potential of AI for sustainable development and achieving the SDGs

Agreed with

Gerbrand Haverkamp

Agreed on

AI has significant potential for sustainable development and achieving SDGs

Disagreed with

Kolawole Olajide

Disagreed on

Focus of AI development and implementation

Gen AI can help solve complex sustainability problems like circular business models and food waste reduction

Explanation

Sanda Ojiambo suggests that Generative AI can be used to address complex sustainability challenges. This includes developing circular business models and reducing food waste, which are important aspects of sustainable development.

Major Discussion Point

The potential of AI for sustainable development and achieving the SDGs

Agreed with

Gerbrand Haverkamp

Agreed on

AI has significant potential for sustainable development and achieving SDGs

AI has potential to transform industries and deliver solutions for the global goals

Explanation

Sanda Ojiambo argues that AI has the capability to revolutionize various industries and provide solutions that can help achieve global sustainability goals. This implies that AI can have a wide-ranging impact across different sectors.

Evidence

Interviews with about 30 executives revealed recognition of AI’s capacity to truly transform industry and drive progress towards global goals.

Major Discussion Point

The potential of AI for sustainable development and achieving the SDGs

Agreed with

Gerbrand Haverkamp

Agreed on

AI has significant potential for sustainable development and achieving SDGs

Need for multi-stakeholder collaboration including governments, private sector, and civil society

Explanation

Sanda Ojiambo emphasizes the importance of collaboration between various stakeholders, including governments, private sector, and civil society. This multi-stakeholder approach is seen as crucial for effectively developing and implementing AI technologies for sustainable development.

Major Discussion Point

The importance of collaboration and partnerships

Agreed with

Priscilla Boa-Gue

Kolawole Olajide

Agreed on

Importance of collaboration and partnerships in AI development and implementation

C

Christopher Lu

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0 words

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1 seconds

Lack of basic infrastructure like internet access and electricity in many areas

Explanation

Christopher Lu points out that many areas, particularly in developing countries, lack basic infrastructure such as internet access and electricity. This poses a significant challenge to the implementation and adoption of AI technologies in these regions.

Evidence

Lu mentions that 33% of the world is without internet access, making it impossible for them to use generative AI.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges and risks of AI implementation in Africa

Risk of widening inequality if AI benefits don’t reach everyone

Explanation

Christopher Lu warns that if the benefits of AI are not distributed equally, it could lead to increased inequality. This highlights the importance of ensuring that AI technologies are accessible and beneficial to all segments of society.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges and risks of AI implementation in Africa

K

Kolawole Olajide

Speech speed

157 words per minute

Speech length

807 words

Speech time

306 seconds

High costs of AI development and implementation for African startups

Explanation

Kolawole Olajide highlights the significant costs associated with AI development and implementation for African startups. This financial barrier can hinder innovation and adoption of AI technologies in the African context.

Evidence

Olajide mentions the high costs of training AI models and the need for specialized hardware, which is often bought out by large tech companies.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges and risks of AI implementation in Africa

Disagreed with

Sanda Ojiambo

Disagreed on

Focus of AI development and implementation

Collaboration between youth-led startups, private sector and governments

Explanation

Kolawole Olajide emphasizes the importance of collaboration between youth-led startups, the private sector, and governments. This collaborative approach is seen as crucial for the successful implementation of AI-driven initiatives in Africa.

Major Discussion Point

The importance of collaboration and partnerships

Agreed with

Sanda Ojiambo

Priscilla Boa-Gue

Agreed on

Importance of collaboration and partnerships in AI development and implementation

P

Priscilla Boa-Gue

Speech speed

0 words per minute

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0 words

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1 seconds

Need for ethical considerations and responsible AI principles

Explanation

Priscilla Boa-Gue emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations and responsible AI principles in the development and deployment of AI technologies. This ensures that AI is used in a way that respects human rights and societal values.

Evidence

Boa-Gue mentions Google’s ethical and responsible AI principles developed in 2018 that guide the company’s deployment of AI.

Major Discussion Point

Challenges and risks of AI implementation in Africa

Creating enabling policy environments to support AI startups

Explanation

Priscilla Boa-Gue argues for the creation of supportive policy environments to foster AI startups. This includes developing policies that incentivize founders and provide necessary support structures for startup growth.

Evidence

Boa-Gue mentions the African Startup Policy Framework as an example of an initiative to enable member states to develop policies that support startups.

Major Discussion Point

Strategies for empowering African youth through AI

Partnerships between tech companies and African institutions to develop local AI solutions

Explanation

Priscilla Boa-Gue highlights the importance of partnerships between tech companies and African institutions. These collaborations aim to develop AI solutions that are tailored to local needs and contexts in Africa.

Evidence

Boa-Gue mentions Google’s partnerships with African universities and researchers to develop AI solutions with African data and local languages.

Major Discussion Point

The importance of collaboration and partnerships

Agreed with

Sanda Ojiambo

Kolawole Olajide

Agreed on

Importance of collaboration and partnerships in AI development and implementation

J

Jamila Bio Ibrahim

Speech speed

130 words per minute

Speech length

1415 words

Speech time

651 seconds

Investing in talent development and digital skills training for youth

Explanation

Jamila Bio Ibrahim emphasizes the importance of investing in talent development and digital skills training for youth. This strategy aims to prepare young people for the AI-driven future and enable them to contribute to technological innovation.

Evidence

Ibrahim mentions the Nigerian government’s commitment to investing in young people and tapping into untapped tech talents.

Major Discussion Point

Strategies for empowering African youth through AI

Integrating AI and digital skills into educational curricula

Explanation

Jamila Bio Ibrahim discusses the integration of AI and digital skills into educational curricula. This approach aims to ensure that young people are equipped with the necessary skills to thrive in an AI-driven economy from an early age.

Evidence

Ibrahim mentions an ongoing review of the curriculum at the national level in Nigeria to integrate AI into the learning model.

Major Discussion Point

Strategies for empowering African youth through AI

Providing funding and investment opportunities for youth-led AI initiatives

Explanation

Jamila Bio Ibrahim discusses the importance of providing funding and investment opportunities for youth-led AI initiatives. This strategy aims to support young innovators and creators in developing AI solutions.

Evidence

Ibrahim mentions plans to create a platform for venture capital funding and leverage the youth investment fund to support young people’s ideas.

Major Discussion Point

Strategies for empowering African youth through AI

G

Gerbrand Haverkamp

Speech speed

202 words per minute

Speech length

808 words

Speech time

239 seconds

AI can contribute to breakthroughs on climate change

Explanation

Gerbrand Haverkamp expresses hope that AI can lead to significant breakthroughs in addressing climate change. This suggests that AI technologies could play a crucial role in developing solutions to one of the world’s most pressing environmental challenges.

Major Discussion Point

The potential of AI for sustainable development and achieving the SDGs

Agreed with

Sanda Ojiambo

Agreed on

AI has significant potential for sustainable development and achieving SDGs

U

Unknown speaker

Speech speed

0 words per minute

Speech length

0 words

Speech time

1 seconds

Inclusion of academia and grassroots researchers in AI development

Explanation

An audience member argues for the inclusion of academia and grassroots researchers in AI development. This suggests that a broader range of perspectives and expertise should be involved in shaping AI technologies and their applications.

Evidence

The speaker mentions the work of Dava, an organization of grassroots researchers from Africa, as an example of important contributions to AI for good research.

Major Discussion Point

The importance of collaboration and partnerships

Agreements

Agreement Points

AI has significant potential for sustainable development and achieving SDGs

Speakers

Sanda Ojiambo

Gerbrand Haverkamp

Arguments

AI can accelerate innovation and increase productivity to drive SDG progress

Gen AI can help solve complex sustainability problems like circular business models and food waste reduction

AI has potential to transform industries and deliver solutions for the global goals

AI can contribute to breakthroughs on climate change

Summary

Multiple speakers emphasized AI’s potential to drive progress towards sustainable development goals through innovation, productivity increases, and addressing complex sustainability challenges.

Importance of collaboration and partnerships in AI development and implementation

Speakers

Sanda Ojiambo

Priscilla Boa-Gue

Kolawole Olajide

Arguments

Need for multi-stakeholder collaboration including governments, private sector, and civil society

Partnerships between tech companies and African institutions to develop local AI solutions

Collaboration between youth-led startups, private sector and governments

Summary

Speakers agreed on the crucial role of collaboration between various stakeholders, including governments, private sector, civil society, and academic institutions, in effectively developing and implementing AI technologies.

Similar Viewpoints

Both speakers highlighted significant challenges in implementing AI in Africa, particularly related to infrastructure and cost barriers.

Speakers

Christopher Lu

Kolawole Olajide

Arguments

Lack of basic infrastructure like internet access and electricity in many areas

High costs of AI development and implementation for African startups

Both speakers emphasized the importance of creating supportive environments for AI startups and youth-led initiatives through policy and funding mechanisms.

Speakers

Priscilla Boa-Gue

Jamila Bio Ibrahim

Arguments

Creating enabling policy environments to support AI startups

Providing funding and investment opportunities for youth-led AI initiatives

Unexpected Consensus

Importance of local data and context in AI development

Speakers

Priscilla Boa-Gue

Unknown speaker

Arguments

Partnerships between tech companies and African institutions to develop local AI solutions

Inclusion of academia and grassroots researchers in AI development

Explanation

Despite representing different sectors (tech industry and academia), both speakers emphasized the importance of involving local institutions and researchers in AI development, highlighting a shared recognition of the value of local context and expertise.

Overall Assessment

Summary

The main areas of agreement centered around AI’s potential for sustainable development, the need for collaboration and partnerships, and the importance of addressing infrastructure and cost challenges in AI implementation in Africa.

Consensus level

There was a moderate level of consensus among speakers on key issues. This consensus suggests a shared understanding of AI’s potential benefits and challenges in the African context, which could facilitate more coordinated efforts in AI development and implementation. However, the diversity of perspectives also highlights the complexity of the issues and the need for continued dialogue and collaboration among various stakeholders.

Disagreements

Disagreement Points

Focus of AI development and implementation

Speakers

Sanda Ojiambo

Kolawole Olajide

Arguments

AI can accelerate innovation and increase productivity to drive SDG progress

High costs of AI development and implementation for African startups

Summary

While Sanda Ojiambo emphasizes the potential of AI to drive progress towards SDGs, Kolawole Olajide highlights the financial barriers that African startups face in developing and implementing AI technologies.

Overall Assessment

Summary

The main areas of disagreement revolve around the challenges of implementing AI in Africa, including infrastructure limitations, costs, and the need for ethical considerations.

Disagreement level

The level of disagreement among the speakers is relatively low. Most speakers acknowledge both the potential benefits and challenges of AI implementation in Africa. The differences in their arguments mainly stem from their different areas of expertise and focus, rather than fundamental disagreements. This suggests a generally aligned perspective on the topic, which could facilitate collaborative efforts in addressing the challenges and leveraging the opportunities of AI for sustainable development in Africa.

Partial Agreements

Partial Agreements

Both speakers agree on the need to address potential negative impacts of AI, but they focus on different aspects. Christopher Lu emphasizes the risk of widening inequality, while Priscilla Boa-Gue focuses on the need for ethical considerations and responsible AI principles.

Speakers

Christopher Lu

Priscilla Boa-Gue

Arguments

Risk of widening inequality if AI benefits don’t reach everyone

Need for ethical considerations and responsible AI principles

Similar Viewpoints

Both speakers highlighted significant challenges in implementing AI in Africa, particularly related to infrastructure and cost barriers.

Speakers

Christopher Lu

Kolawole Olajide

Arguments

Lack of basic infrastructure like internet access and electricity in many areas

High costs of AI development and implementation for African startups

Both speakers emphasized the importance of creating supportive environments for AI startups and youth-led initiatives through policy and funding mechanisms.

Speakers

Priscilla Boa-Gue

Jamila Bio Ibrahim

Arguments

Creating enabling policy environments to support AI startups

Providing funding and investment opportunities for youth-led AI initiatives

Takeaways

Key Takeaways

AI has significant potential to accelerate sustainable development and progress on the SDGs, particularly in areas like agriculture, healthcare, and climate change mitigation

There are major challenges to AI implementation in Africa, including lack of infrastructure, high costs, and risks of widening inequality

Empowering African youth through AI requires investment in education, skills training, supportive policies, and funding opportunities

Multi-stakeholder collaboration between governments, private sector, academia, and civil society is crucial for responsible and inclusive AI development in Africa

Resolutions and Action Items

Google to host an AI policy training for African policymakers and government officials

Nigerian Ministry of Youth to create a platform for young innovators to pitch ideas to potential investors

Nigerian government to review and update educational curricula to integrate AI

African Union to implement the African Startup Policy Framework to support AI startups

Unresolved Issues

How to ensure AI benefits reach rural and marginalized communities

Ownership and control of African data used to develop AI systems

How to increase African participation in hardware development and other parts of the AI value chain

Balancing innovation with ethical concerns and responsible AI development

Suggested Compromises

Partnering with tech companies to localize AI technology development in Africa to reduce costs

Balancing government regulation with allowing space for innovation in AI startups

Combining international investment with local African investment in AI initiatives

Thought Provoking Comments

Gen AI can be a true game-changer for sustainability progress because it will democratize access to information, it will accelerate innovation through the solutions, through cross-disciplinary thinking, and certainly by increasing productivity.

Speaker

Sanda Ojiambo

Reason

This comment highlights the transformative potential of AI for sustainable development in multiple dimensions.

Impact

It set the tone for the discussion by emphasizing AI’s positive potential, leading to further exploration of specific use cases and applications.

At best, AI will help us solve the global goals, and that’s really important, but we must take a reality check because we realize that gaps in technology are really what keeps the world separate.

Speaker

Sanda Ojiambo

Reason

This balanced perspective acknowledges both the potential and challenges of AI adoption, particularly in developing regions.

Impact

It shifted the conversation to address issues of access and equity, prompting discussion on infrastructure needs and policy considerations.

AI will not take your job away, but the person with AI skills will.

Speaker

Shea Gopaul

Reason

This succinct statement captures a key concern about AI’s impact on employment in a memorable way.

Impact

It focused attention on the critical need for AI skills development and education, which became a recurring theme in later discussions.

If we do not do it here in the UN, it will either be decided in the US, in Europe, or in China, and then we know which other countries will not be at the table.

Speaker

Gerbrand Haverkamp

Reason

This comment underscores the importance of inclusive global governance for AI.

Impact

It emphasized the role of international bodies like the UN in AI governance, leading to discussion of ethical principles and regulatory frameworks.

If as a continent, we only participate in that service layer, we have a big problem in the long-term. We will continue to, it will be very expensive for us.

Speaker

Kolawole Olajide

Reason

This insight highlights the need for African countries to participate in all layers of the AI value chain, not just as end-users.

Impact

It shifted the discussion towards strategies for building local AI capabilities and infrastructure in Africa, including manufacturing and hardware development.

Overall Assessment

These key comments shaped the discussion by highlighting both the transformative potential of AI for sustainable development and the critical challenges that need to be addressed, particularly in developing regions. The conversation evolved from general optimism about AI’s potential to a more nuanced exploration of access issues, skills development needs, governance challenges, and the importance of building local AI capabilities across the entire value chain. This led to a rich discussion of practical strategies and policy considerations for leveraging AI to benefit youth and drive sustainable development in Africa while addressing equity concerns.

Follow-up Questions

How can AI be made more accessible and affordable for developing countries and rural communities?

Speaker

Sanda Ojiambo, Christopher P. Lu, Jamila Bio Ibrahim

Explanation

Multiple speakers emphasized the need to bridge the digital divide and ensure AI benefits reach all communities, not just advanced economies.

What ethical principles and governance frameworks should guide AI development and deployment globally?

Speaker

Gerbrand Haverkamp, Christopher P. Lu

Explanation

Speakers highlighted the need for clear ethical guidelines and governance structures for AI, potentially developed through UN-led efforts.

How can African countries participate more in the AI value chain beyond just the service layer?

Speaker

Kolawole Olajide

Explanation

Olajide stressed the importance of Africa being involved in hardware development and other upstream aspects of AI, not just applications.

What steps are needed to integrate AI and digital skills into educational curricula across Africa?

Speaker

Farai Gundan, Jamila Bio Ibrahim

Explanation

Speakers discussed the need to update education systems to prepare youth for an AI-driven future economy.

How can governments and private sector collaborate to create more local manufacturing of AI hardware in Africa?

Speaker

Jamila Bio Ibrahim

Explanation

Ibrahim expressed interest in developing local manufacturing capabilities for AI components currently imported.

What measures can be taken to ensure African data used for AI development remains owned and stored on the continent?

Speaker

Farai Gundan

Explanation

Gundan raised concerns about data ownership and storage location for AI systems trained on African data.

How can more African private investors be encouraged to fund local AI and tech startups?

Speaker

Kolawole Olajide

Explanation

Olajide noted the reliance on foreign investors and the need for more local investment in African tech startups.

What role can academia and research institutions play in shaping AI development in Africa?

Speaker

Audience member

Explanation

An audience member highlighted the importance of including academic and research perspectives in AI discussions, not just private sector and government.

Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed.

UN issues final report with key recommendations on AI governance

In a world where AI is rapidly reshaping industries, societies, and geopolitics, the UN advisory body has stepped forward with its final report – ‘Governing AI for Humanity,’ presenting seven strategic recommendations for responsible AI governance. The report highlights the urgent need for global coordination in managing AI’s opportunities and risks, especially in light of the swift expansion of AI technologies like ChatGPT and the varied international regulatory approaches, such as the EU’s comprehensive AI Act and the contrasting regulatory policies of the US and China.

One of the primary suggestions is the establishment of an International Scientific Panel on AI. The body, modelled after the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, would bring together leading experts to provide timely, unbiased assessments of AI’s capabilities, risks, and uncertainties. The International Scientific Panel on AI would ensure that policymakers and civil society have access to the latest scientific understanding, helping to cut through the hype and misinformation that can surround new technological advances.

The AI Standards Exchange implementation would form a standard exchange bringing together global stakeholders, including national and international organizations, to debate and develop AI standards. It would ensure AI systems are aligned with global values like fairness and transparency.

AI Capacity Development Network is also one of the seven key points that would address disparities. The UN here proposes building an AI capacity network that would link centres of excellence globally, provide training and resources, and foster collaboration to empower countries that lack AI infrastructure.

Another key proposal is the creation of a Global AI Data Framework, which would provide a standardised approach to the governance of AI training data. Given that data is the lifeblood of AI systems, this framework would ensure the equitable sharing of data resources, promote transparency, and help balance the power dynamics between big AI companies and smaller emerging economies. The framework could also spur innovation by making AI development more accessible across different regions of the world.

The report further recommends forming a Global Fund for AI to bridge the AI divide between nations. The fund would provide financial and technical resources to countries lacking the infrastructure or expertise to develop AI technologies. The goal is to ensure that AI’s benefits are distributed equitably and not just concentrated in a few technologically advanced nations.

In tandem with these recommendations, the report advocates for a Policy Dialogue on AI Governance, emphasising the need for international cooperation to create harmonised regulations and avoid regulatory gaps. With AI systems impacting multiple sectors across borders, coherent global policies are necessary to prevent a ‘race to the bottom’ in safety standards and human rights protections.

Lastly, the UN calls for establishing an AI Office within the Secretariat, which would serve as a central hub for coordinating AI governance efforts across the UN and with other global stakeholders. This office would ensure that the recommendations are implemented effectively and that AI governance remains agile in rapid technological change.

Through these initiatives, the UN seeks to foster a world where AI can flourish while safeguarding human rights and promoting global equity. The report implies that the stakes are high, and only through coordinated global action can we harness AI’s potential while mitigating its risks.

Tanzania embraces AI to tackle rising cybercrime

Tanzanian President Samia Suluhu Hassan has called for the integration of AI into the strategies of the Tanzania Police Force to address the escalating threat of cybercrime. Speaking at the 2024 Annual Senior Police Officers’ Meeting and the 60th Anniversary of the Tanzania Police Force, President Samia emphasised that in today’s digital age, leveraging advanced technology is crucial for effectively combating online threats. She highlighted the necessity for the police to adapt technologically to stay ahead of sophisticated cybercriminals, underlining the importance of embracing these advancements.

In her address, President Samia also drew attention to a troubling surge in cybercrime, with incidents increasing by 36.1% from 2022 to 2023. She noted that crimes such as fraud, false information dissemination, pornography distribution, and harassment have become more prevalent, with offenders frequently operating from outside Tanzania. The President’s remarks underscore the urgency of adopting advanced technological tools to address these growing challenges effectively and to enhance the police’s capability to counteract such threats.

Furthermore, President Samia emphasised the need to maintain peace and stability during the upcoming local government and general elections. She tasked the police with managing election-related challenges, including defamatory statements and misinformation, without resorting to internet shutdowns. President Samia underscored that while elections are temporary, safeguarding a stable environment is essential for ongoing development and progress by stressing the importance of preserving national peace amidst political activities.