EU

EU adviser backs Android antitrust ruling against Google

An adviser to the Court of Justice of the European Union has supported the EU’s antitrust ruling against Google, recommending the dismissal of its appeal over a €4.1bn fine. The case concerns Google’s use of its Android mobile system to limit competition through pre-installed apps and contractual restrictions.

The original €4.34bn fine was imposed by the European Commission in 2018 and later reduced by the General Court.

Google then appealed to the EU’s top court, but Advocate-General Juliane Kokott concluded that Google’s practices gave it unfair market advantages.

Kokott rejected Google’s argument that its actions should be assessed against an equally efficient competitor, noting Google’s dominance in the Android ecosystem and the robust network effects it enjoys.

She argued that bundling Google Search and Chrome with the Play Store created barriers for competitors.

The final court ruling is expected in the coming months and could shape Google’s future regulatory obligations in Europe. Google has already incurred over €8 billion in the EU antitrust fines across several investigations.

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WhatsApp ad rollout in EU slower than global pace amid privacy scrutiny

Meta is gradually rolling out advertising features on WhatsApp globally, starting with the Updates tab, where users follow channels and may see sponsored content.

Although the global rollout remains on track, the Irish Data Protection Commission has indicated that a full rollout across the EU will not occur before 2026. However, this delay reflects ongoing regulatory scrutiny, particularly over privacy compliance.

Concerns have emerged regarding how user data from Meta platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Messenger might be used to target ads on WhatsApp.

Privacy group NOYB had previously voiced criticism about such cross-platform data use. However, Meta clarified that these concerns are not directly applicable to the current WhatsApp ad model.

According to Meta, integrating WhatsApp with the Meta Account Center—which allows cross-app ad personalization—is optional and off by default.

If users do not link their WhatsApp accounts, only limited data sourced from WhatsApp (such as city, language, followed channels, and ad interactions) will be used for ad targeting in the Updates tab.

Meta maintains that this approach aligns with EU privacy rules. Nonetheless, regulators are expected to carefully assess Meta’s implementation, especially in light of recent judgments against the company’s ‘pay or consent’ model under the Digital Markets Act.

Meta recently reduced the cost of its ad-free subscriptions in the EU, signalling a willingness to adapt—but the company continues to prioritize personalized advertising globally as part of its long-term strategy.

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France appeals porn site ruling based on EU legal grounds

The French government is challenging a recent decision by the Administrative Court of Paris that temporarily halted the enforcement of mandatory age verification on pornographic websites based in the EU. The court found France’s current approach potentially inconsistent with the EU law—specifically the 2002 E-Commerce Directive—which upholds the ‘country-of-origin’ principle.

That rule limits an EU country’s authority to regulate online services hosted in another member state unless it follows a formal process involving both the host country and the European Commission. The dispute’s heart is whether France correctly followed the required legal steps.

While French authorities say they notified the host countries of porn companies like Hammy Media (Xhamster) and Aylo (owner of Pornhub and others) and waited the mandated three months, legal experts argue that notifying the Commission is also essential. So far, there is no confirmation that this additional step was taken, which may weaken France’s legal standing.

Digital Minister Clara Chappaz reaffirmed the government’s commitment to enforcing age checks, calling it a ‘priority’ in a public statement. The ministry insists its rules align with the EU’s Audiovisual Media Services Directive.

However, the court’s ruling highlights broader tensions between France’s national digital regulations and overarching the EU law. Similar legal challenges have already forced France to adjust parts of its digital, influencer, and cloud regulation frameworks in the past two years.

The appeal could have significant implications for age restrictions on adult content and how France asserts digital sovereignty within the EU. If the court upholds the suspension, other digital regulations based on national initiatives may also be vulnerable to legal scrutiny under the EU principles.

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IBM combines watsonx and Guardium to tackle AI compliance

IBM has unveiled new software capabilities that integrate AI security and governance, claiming the industry’s first unified solution to manage the risks of agentic AI.

The enhancements merge IBM’s watsonx.governance platform—which supports oversight, transparency, and lifecycle management of AI systems—with Guardium AI Security, a tool built to protect AI models, data, and operational usage.

By unifying these tools, IBM’s solution offers enterprises the ability to oversee both governance and security across AI deployments from a single interface. It also supports compliance with 12 major frameworks, including the EU AI Act and ISO 42001.

The launch aims to address growing concerns around AI safety, regulation, and accountability as businesses scale AI-driven operations.

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EU strikes deal to streamline cross-border GDPR enforcement

The EU Council and European Parliament have reached a political agreement to strengthen cross-border enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The new regulation, once adopted, will simplify and speed up how national data protection authorities cooperate on cases involving data processing across EU borders.

That move seeks to protect citizens’ rights better and make enforcement more efficient. Key improvements include harmonising the criteria for assessing complaints, regardless of where in the EU they’re filed, and ensuring both complainants and companies under investigation are given the right to be heard throughout the process. The regulation introduces deadlines to avoid drawn-out investigations — 15 months for complex cases (with a possible 12-month extension) and 12 months for simpler ones.

The agreement also creates an ‘early resolution’ option to settle straightforward complaints without triggering lengthy cross-border procedures. It adds a simplified cooperation track for less contentious cases and encourages authorities to share key case information early to build consensus more quickly among EU partners.

The deal now awaits formal approval from both institutions. Once passed, the new rules will enter into force, marking a significant evolution in how the GDPR is enforced across Europe.

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Nvidia’s sovereign AI vision gains EU support

Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang’s call for ‘sovereign AI’ is gaining traction among European leaders who want more control over their data and digital future. He argues that nations must develop AI rooted in their own language, culture and infrastructure.

During a recent European tour, Huang unveiled major partnerships and investments European cities, citing the region’s over-reliance on US tech firms. European officials echoed his concerns, with French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz supporting national AI initiatives.

The EU plans to build four AI gigafactories, aiming to reduce dependence on US cloud giants and strengthen regional innovation. Nvidia has committed to providing chips for these projects, while startups like Mistral are working to become local leaders in AI development.

Despite enthusiasm, high energy costs and limited resources may hinder Europe’s progress. Industry voices warn that without sustained investment, the region could struggle to match the spending power of US hyperscalers.

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Czechia bids to host major EU AI computing centre

Czechia is positioning itself to host one of the European Union’s planned AI ‘gigafactories’—large-scale computing centres designed to strengthen Europe’s AI capabilities and reduce dependence on global powers like the United States.

Jan Kavalírek, the Czech government’s AI envoy, confirmed to the Czech News Agency that talks with a private investor are progressing well and potential locations have already been identified.

While the application for the EU funding is not yet final, Kavalírek said, ‘We are very close.’ The EU has allocated around €20 billion for these AI infrastructure projects, with significant contributions also expected from private sources.

Germany and Denmark are also vying to host similar facilities. If successful, the bid made by Czechia could transform the country into a key AI infrastructure hub for Europe, offering powerful computational resources for sectors such as public administration, healthcare, and finance.

Lukáš Benzl, director of the Czech Association of Artificial Intelligence, described the initiative as a potential ‘motor for the AI economy’ across the continent.

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Meta and TikTok contest the EU’s compliance charges

Meta and TikTok have taken their fight against an the EU supervisory fee to Europe’s second-highest court, arguing that the charges are disproportionate and based on flawed calculations.

The fee, introduced under the Digital Services Act (DSA), requires major online platforms to pay 0.05% of their annual global net income to cover the European Commission’s oversight costs.

Meta questioned the Commission’s methodology, claiming the levy was based on the entire group’s revenue instead of the specific EU-based subsidiary.

The company’s lawyer told judges it still lacked clarity on how the fee was calculated, describing the process as opaque and inconsistent with the spirit of the law.

TikTok also criticised the charge, alleging inaccurate and discriminatory data inflated its payment.

Its legal team argued that user numbers were double-counted when people switched between devices. The Commission had wrongly calculated fees based on group profits rather than platform-specific earnings.

The Commission defended its approach, saying group resources should bear the cost when consolidated accounts are used. A ruling is expected from the General Court sometime next year.

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Europe’s new digital diplomacy: From principles to power

In a decisive geopolitical shift, the European Union has unveiled its 2025 International Digital Strategy, signalling a turn from a values-first diplomacy to a focus on security and competitiveness. As Jovan Kurbalija explains in his blog post titled ‘EU Digital Diplomacy: Geopolitical shift from focus on values to economic security‘, the EU is no longer simply exporting its regulatory ideals — often referred to as the ‘Brussels effect’ — but is now positioning digital technology as central to its economic and geopolitical resilience.

The strategy places special emphasis on building secure digital infrastructure, such as submarine cables and AI factories, and deepening digital partnerships across continents. Unlike the 2023 Council Conclusions, which promoted a human-centric, rights-based approach to digital transformation, the 2025 Strategy prioritises tech sovereignty, resilient supply chains, and strategic defence-linked innovations.

Human rights, privacy, and inclusivity still appear, but mainly in supporting roles to broader goals of power and resilience. The EU’s new path reflects a realpolitik understanding that its survival in the global tech race depends on alliances, capability-building, and a nimble response to the rapid evolution of AI and cyber threats.

In practice, this means more digital engagement with key partners like India, Japan, and South Korea and coordinated global investments through the ‘Tech Team Europe’ initiative. The strategy introduces new structures like a Digital Partnership Network while downplaying once-central instruments like the AI Act.

With China largely sidelined and relations with the US in ‘wait and see’ mode, the EU seems intent on building an independent but interconnected digital path, reaching out to the Global South with a pragmatic offer of secure digital infrastructure and public-private investments.

Why does it matter?

Yet, major questions linger: how will these ambitious plans be implemented, who will lead them, and can the EU maintain coherence between its internal democratic values and this outward-facing strategic assertiveness? As Kurbalija notes, the success of this new digital doctrine will hinge on whether the EU can fuse its soft power legacy with the hard power realities of a turbulent tech-driven world.

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Growing push in Europe to regulate children’s social media use

Several European countries, led by Denmark, France, and Greece, are intensifying efforts to shield children from the potentially harmful effects of social media. With Denmark taking over the EU Council presidency from July, its Digital Minister, Caroline Stage Olsen, has made clear that her country will push for a ban on social media for children under 15.

Olsen criticises current platforms for failing to remove illegal content and relying on addictive features that encourage prolonged use. She also warned that platforms prioritise profit and data harvesting over the well-being of young users.

That initiative builds on growing concern across the EU about the mental and physical toll social media may take on children, including the spread of dangerous content, disinformation, cyberbullying, and unrealistic body image standards. France, for instance, has already passed legislation requiring parental consent for users under 15 and is pressing platforms to verify users’ ages more rigorously.

While the European Commission has issued draft guidelines to improve online safety for minors, such as making children’s accounts private by default, some countries are calling for tougher enforcement under the EU’s Digital Services Act. Despite these moves, there is currently no consensus across the EU for an outright ban.

Cultural differences and practical hurdles, like implementing consistent age verification, remain significant challenges. Still, proposals are underway to introduce a unified age of digital adulthood and a continent-wide age verification application, possibly even embedded into devices, to limit access by minors.

Olsen and her allies remain adamant, planning to dedicate the October summit of the EU digital ministers entirely to the issue of child online safety. They are also looking to future legislation, like the Digital Fairness Act, to enforce stricter consumer protection standards that explicitly account for minors. Meanwhile, age verification and parental controls are seen as crucial first steps toward limiting children’s exposure to addictive and damaging online environments.

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