Switzerland

Switzerland is renowned for its sophisticated and inclusive approach to governance. The country’s framework is built upon democratic principles that prioritise multistakeholder participation, transparency, and protection of fundamental rights. This approach also extends to the governance of the internet; at a national level, Switzerland follows these three principles when developing and implementing governance frameworks that relate to the internet; at an international level, the country is a strong promoter of Internet governance approaches that are balanced, inclusive, and respects the diverse interests of all stakeholders involved.

Key Principles

Switzerland ensures that various stakeholders, including government bodies, private sector entities, civil society organisations, academic institutions, and technical communities are involved in the decision-making processes. This inclusive approach fosters diverse perspectives and solutions. Regular dialogues and consultations are held among stakeholders to address internet related challenges, ensuring that policies are well rounded and representative of different interests.

Switzerland promotes transparency by keeping stakeholders informed about the processes, decisions, and implementations of internet policies. Public consultations and forums are frequently organised to discuss policy proposals and their implications; the Swiss Internet Governance Forum is one example. Mechanisms hold governing bodies accountable for their actions and decisions. Regular audits, reports, and reviews are conducted to ensure adherence to established policies and principles.

The country places a strong emphasis on protecting fundamental rights, including data protection and freedom of expression. Switzerland has stringent data protection laws, including the Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP), which regulates the processing of personal data and ensures privacy rights of individuals. Policies and regulations are designed to protect freedom of expression online while balancing the need to prevent misuse of the internet for harmful activities.

Initiatives are in place to ensure that all citizens, regardless of socio-economic status, have access to digital technologies and the internet. Programmes to enhance digital literacy and provide affordable internet access are prioritised. Efforts are made to ensure that digital services are accessible to people with disabilities, ensuring inclusivity in the digital space.

Switzerland provides a supportive environment for startups and tech companies through funding, tax incentives, and a robust legal framework that encourages innovation. Investments in research and development are made to keep pace with technological advancements and to promote the development of cutting-edge digital solutions.

Key Institutions

Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM)

The Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM) is the primary regulatory authority overseeing telecommunications, broadcasting, and postal services in Switzerland. Established under the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy, and Communications (DETEC), OFCOM’s mandate includes implementing federal policies, managing the radio spectrum, and ensuring compliance with telecommunications regulations.

OFCOM ensures fair competition in the telecommunications market, protecting consumer interests by addressing complaints and resolving disputes. It plays a pivotal role in licensing and regulating service providers, and overseeing the efficient use of communication resources. OFCOM also works on developing strategies and frameworks to enhance the country’s digital infrastructure and services, contributing to Switzerland’s reputation as a leader in digital innovation.

Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC)

The Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) is the independent authority responsible for overseeing personal data protection in Switzerland. The FDPIC ensures compliance with the Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP) and monitors the application of data protection regulations across public and private sectors.The FDPIC’s responsibilities include advising individuals and organisations on data protection issues, investigating complaints related to data privacy violations, and conducting audits to ensure compliance with data protection laws. The commissioner also plays an educational role, raising awareness about data protection rights and best practices among the general public and businesses. The FDPIC collaborates with international data protection authorities to align Swiss data protection standards with global best practices and regulations, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

International Engagement

Switzerland actively engages in international forums and organisations to contribute to global internet governance processes and align its policies with international standards. Switzerland participates in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), sharing its experiences and best practices in internet policies, and advocating for a multistakeholder approach and the protection of fundamental rights at the global level.

As a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Switzerland collaborates on the development of global telecommunication standards and policies. Switzerland actively participates in ITU conferences and working groups, contributing to the formulation of international telecommunication regulations. Switzerland is also an active contributor to a wide range of intergovernmental organisations dealing with various internet-related policy issues, from the WTO to WIPO, and from CSTD to UNESCO.

Although not an EU member, Switzerland aligns its internet-related policies with EU initiatives to ensure harmonisation of standards and regulations. Switzerland cooperates with EU countries on digital policy issues, cybersecurity measures, and data protection regulations.

Switzerland has implemented a comprehensive set of digital strategies aimed at fostering innovation, ensuring digital inclusion, and maintaining its competitive edge in the global digital economy. These strategies are designed to address various aspects of digital transformation, including infrastructure development, e-government, cybersecurity, data protection, and fostering a digitally literate society.

Digital Switzerland Strategy

The Digital Switzerland Strategy serves as a key framework for the country’s digital transformation efforts. Launched by the Federal Council, this strategy outlines the vision and priorities for leveraging digital technologies to drive economic growth, enhance societal well-being, and ensure sustainable development.

Key objectives of the Digital Switzerland Strategy include:

1. Digital infrastructure: Ensuring the availability of high-quality, high-speed digital infrastructure across the country to support economic activities and social inclusion.
2. E-Government: Promoting the digitalisation of public services to enhance efficiency, accessibility, and transparency. This includes the development of user-friendly e-government services for citizens and businesses.
3. Digital skills and education: Enhancing digital literacy and skills among the population to ensure that everyone can participate in the digital economy. This involves integrating digital education into the school curriculum and offering lifelong learning opportunities.
4. Innovation and competitiveness: Creating a conducive environment for innovation by supporting startups and tech companies through funding, tax incentives, and regulatory support.
5. Cybersecurity: Strengthening cybersecurity measures to protect critical infrastructure, businesses, and citizens from cyberthreats. This includes establishing robust cybersecurity frameworks and promoting collaboration among stakeholders.
6. Data protection and privacy: Ensuring the protection of personal data and privacy through comprehensive data protection laws and regulations that align with international standards.
7. Sustainable development: Integrating digital strategies with sustainable development goals to ensure that digital transformation contributes to environmental sustainability and social equity.

E-Government Strategy Switzerland

The E-Government Strategy Switzerland (Digital Public Services Switzerland strategy for 2024-2027) aims to digitise public administration services, making them more accessible, efficient, and transparent. 

Key components of the E-Government Strategy include:

1. Online services: Expanding the range of available online public services, including tax filing, business registration, and access to public records.
2. Interoperability: Ensuring that different government systems and services are interoperable, allowing for seamless data exchange and collaboration across various public administration levels.
3. Citizen engagement: Promoting citizen participation in the development and improvement of e-government services through feedback mechanisms and public consultations.

Data security: Implementing robust data security measures to protect sensitive information and ensure the integrity of digital public services.

The country’s cybersecurity strategy is comprehensive and involves multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, private sector entities, and the civil society. Switzerland places a strong emphasis on international cooperation, ensuring that its cybersecurity measures are aligned with global standards and best practices.

Swiss National Cyber Strategy (NCS)

The Swiss National Cyber Strategy (NCS) serves as the blueprint for the country’s cybersecurity efforts. The strategy, which is periodically updated to address emerging threats and technological advancements, outlines the key objectives and measures to enhance cybersecurity across various sectors.

Key objectives of the NCS

1. Protection of critical infrastructure: The NCS prioritises the protection of critical infrastructure, including energy, finance, transportation, and healthcare sectors. Measures are implemented to ensure the resilience and security of these infrastructures against cyberthreats. This includes the development of cybersecurity standards, regular risk assessments, and the implementation of protective measures.
2. Incident response: Efficient incident response mechanisms are crucial for the detection, response, and recovery from cyber incidents. The NCS outlines the establishment of incident response teams and protocols to manage and mitigate the impact of cyberattacks. Coordination among different stakeholders is emphasised to ensure a swift and effective response.
3. Public-private partnerships: Collaboration between the public and private sectors is a cornerstone of Switzerland’s cybersecurity strategy. Information sharing, joint exercises, and collaborative initiatives are promoted to enhance the cybersecurity capabilities of all stakeholders. Public-private partnerships are essential for addressing complex cyberthreats that require coordinated efforts.
4. Cybersecurity education and awareness: Raising awareness and educating the public, businesses, and government employees about cybersecurity is a key focus of the NCS. Initiatives are undertaken to promote cybersecurity best practices, increase awareness of cyberthreats, and provide training and resources to enhance cybersecurity knowledge and skills.
5. International cooperation: Cyberthreats are global in nature, and Switzerland actively engages in international cooperation to address this aspect. It participates in various international forums and collaborates with other nations to share information, develop common strategies, and align its cybersecurity measures with international standards.

Key Institutions in Swiss Cybersecurity

National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC): The NCSC is the central body responsible for coordinating and implementing Switzerland’s cybersecurity strategy. It acts as a hub for cybersecurity information and expertise, providing guidance and support to various stakeholders. The NCSC is involved in monitoring cyberthreats, managing incident response, and promoting cybersecurity best practices.

Federal Intelligence Service (FIS): The FIS plays a significant role in identifying and addressing cyber threats that pose a risk to national security. It works closely with other government agencies and international partners to gather intelligence, analyse threats, and develop strategies to mitigate cyber risks.

Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM): OFCOM is responsible for overseeing telecommunications and ensuring the security and reliability of communication networks. It collaborates with the NCSC and other agencies to implement cybersecurity measures in the telecommunications sector.

The country has established itself as a hub for AI research and development, supported by a strong ecosystem of academic institutions, industry leaders, and government initiatives. Switzerland’s approach to AI emphasises ethical considerations, transparency, and collaboration, ensuring that AI technologies are developed and deployed responsibly.

Key Elements of the AI Landscape

Academic excellence: Switzerland is home to world-renowned universities and research institutions that contribute significantly to AI research. Institutions like the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) are at the forefront of AI advancements, conducting cutting-edge research in machine learning, robotics, and data science.

Industry leadership: Swiss industries are increasingly integrating AI technologies to enhance productivity, innovation, and competitiveness. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and logistics are leveraging AI for various applications, including predictive analytics, automated decision-making, and personalised services. Leading Swiss companies and startups are making significant contributions to AI development and commercialisation.

Government initiatives: The Swiss government actively supports AI through various initiatives and policies aimed at fostering innovation and ensuring the ethical use of AI technologies.

The Federal Council made AI a core theme of the Digital Switzerland Strategy in 2018 and set up an interdepartmental working group under SERI guidance. In December 2019, the working group published a report showing that Switzerland is well positioned overall to meet the challenges of artificial intelligence. In 2020, the working group drew up guidelines on the use of AI within the Federal Administration.

The Federal Council adopted these guidelines in November 2020, which provide a general frame of reference for federal agencies and external partners entrusted with governmental tasks. The guidelines must be adhered to in the following specific contexts:

• When developing sectoral AI strategies;
• When introducing or adapting specific, sectoral regulations;
• When developing and using AI systems within the Federal Administration;
• When helping to shape the international regulatory framework on AI.

The guidelines are closely based on the broad discussion at national and international level.

Key Institutions and Initiatives

The Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research (IDSIA) is a leading research institution in AI, machine learning, and optimisation. IDSIA conducts research on various AI topics, including neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, and reinforcement learning, contributing to advancements in AI theory and applications.

The ETH AI Center at ETH Zurich brings together researchers, industry experts, and policymakers to collaborate on AI research and innovation. The centre focuses on interdisciplinary research, addressing fundamental AI challenges, and developing practical AI solutions for various industries.

The Swiss Digital Initiative focuses on promoting digital trust and ethical standards in AI development. The initiative aims to ensure that AI technologies are developed and used in a manner that respects human rights, privacy, and ethical principles.

Switzerland released its Digital Foreign Policy Strategy 2021–24 in December 2020. The strategy is based on the  Swiss Foreign Policy Strategy 2020–23, which itself already paid explicit attention to digitisation as one of its four focus areas.

The strategy outlines four priority areas: (a) digital governance, (b) prosperity and sustainable development, (c) cybersecurity, and (d) digital self-determination. These are further broken down into thematic areas. For example, digital governance comprises sections on a call for moderate regulation, capacity building, International Geneva, and science diplomacy.

Learn more about Swiss and other digital diplomacy initiatives.

Discover the fascinating world of Swiss diplomacy with our comprehensive mapping of diplomatic missions. See how Switzerland connects with the world and how the world connects with Switzerland!

Learn more at the Diplomatic Profile oof Switzerland including map of diplomatic missions to and from Switzerland.