Digital cooperation

Bezos predicts gigantic gains from the current AI investment bubble

Jeff Bezos has acknowledged that an ‘AI bubble’ is underway but believes its long-term impact will be overwhelmingly positive.

Speaking at Italian Tech Week in Turin, the Amazon founder described it as an ‘industrial bubble’ rather than a purely financial.

He argued that the intense competition and heavy investment will ultimately leave society better off, even if many projects fail. ‘When the dust settles and you see who the winners are, societies benefit from those investors,’ he said, adding that the benefits of AI will be ‘gigantic’.

Bezos’s comments come amid surging spending by Big Tech on AI chips and data centres. Citigroup forecasts that investment will exceed $2.8 trillion by 2029.

OpenAI, Meta, Microsoft, Google and others are pouring billions into infrastructure, with projects like OpenAI’s $500 billion Stargate initiative and Meta’s $29 billion capital raise for AI data centres.

Industry leaders, including Sam Altman of OpenAI, warned of an AI bubble. Yet many argue that, unlike the dot-com era, today’s market is anchored by Nvidia and OpenAI, whose products form the backbone of AI development.

The challenge for tech giants will be finding ways to recover vast investments while sustaining rapid growth.

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AI industry faces recalibration as Altman delays AGI

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman has again adjusted his timeline for achieving artificial general intelligence (AGI). After earlier forecasts for 2023 and 2025, Altman suggests 2030 as a more realistic milestone. The move reflects mounting pressure and shifting expectations in the AI sector.

OpenAI’s public projections come amid challenging financials. Despite a valuation near $500 billion, the company reportedly lost $5 billion last year on $3.7 billion in revenue. Investors remain drawn to ambitious claims of AGI, despite widespread scepticism. Predictions now span from 2026 to 2060.

Experts question whether AGI is feasible under current large language model (LLM) architectures. They point out that LLMs rely on probabilistic patterns in text, lack lived experience, and cannot develop human judgement or intuition from data alone.

Another point of critique is that text-based models cannot fully capture embodied expertise. Fields like law, medicine, or skilled trades depend on hands-on training, tacit knowledge, and real-world context, where AI remains fundamentally limited.

As investors and commentators calibrate expectations, the AI industry may face a reckoning. Altman’s shifting forecasts underscore how hype and uncertainty continue to shape the race toward perceived machine-level intelligence.

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Future of work shaped by AI, flexible ecosystems and soft retirement

As technology reshapes workplaces, how we work is set for significant change in the decade’s second half. Seven key trends are expected to drive this transformation, shaped by technological shifts, evolving employee expectations, and new organisational realities.

AI will continue to play a growing role in 2026. Beyond simply automating tasks, companies will increasingly design AI-native workflows built from the ground up to automate, predict, and support decision-making.

Hybrid and remote work will solidify flexible ecosystems of tools, networks, and spaces to support employees wherever they are. The trend emphasises seamless experiences, global talent access, and stronger links between remote workers and company culture.

The job landscape will continue to change as AI affects hiring in clerical, administrative, and managerial roles, while sectors such as healthcare, education, and construction grow. Human skills, such as empathy, communication, and leadership, will become increasingly valuable.

Data-driven people management will replace intuition-based approaches, with AI used to find patterns and support evidence-based decisions. Employee experience will also become a key differentiator, reflecting customer-focused strategies to attract and retain talent.

An emerging ‘soft retirement’ trend will see healthier older workers reduce hours rather than stop altogether, offering businesses valuable expertise. Those who adapt early to these trends will be better positioned to thrive in the future of work.

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EU kicks off cybersecurity awareness campaign against phishing threats

European Cybersecurity Month (ECSM) 2025 has kicked off, with this year’s campaign centring on the growing threat of phishing attacks.

The initiative, driven by the EU Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and the European Commission, seeks to raise awareness and provide practical guidance to European citizens and organisations.

Phishing is still the primary vector through which threat actors launch social engineering attacks. However, this year’s ECSM materials expand the scope to include variants like SMS phishing (smishing), QR code phishing (quishing), voice phishing (vishing), and business email compromise (BEC).

ENISA warns that as of early 2025, over 80 percent of observed social engineering activity involves using AI in their campaigns, in which language models enable more convincing and scalable scams.

To support the campaign, a variety of tiers of actors, from individual citizens to large organisations, are encouraged to engage in training, simulations, awareness sessions and public outreach under the banner #ThinkB4UClick.

A cross-institutional kick-off event is also scheduled, bringing together the EU institutions, member states and civil society to align messaging and launch coordinated activities.

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Diag2Diag brings fusion reactors closer to commercial viability

Researchers have developed an AI tool that could make fusion power more reliable and affordable. Diag2Diag reconstructs missing sensor data to give scientists a clearer view of plasma, helping address one of fusion energy’s biggest challenges.

Developed through a collaboration led by Princeton University and the US Department of Energy’s Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Diag2Diag analyses multiple diagnostics in real time to generate synthetic, high-resolution data. It improves plasma control and cuts reliance on costly hardware.

A key use of Diag2Diag is improving the study of the plasma pedestal, the fuel’s outer layer. Current methods miss sudden changes or lack detail. The AI fills these gaps without new instruments, helping researchers fine-tune stability.

The system has also advanced research into edge-localised modes, or ELMs, which are bursts of energy that can damage reactor walls. It revealed how magnetic perturbations create ‘magnetic islands’ that flatten plasma temperature and density, supporting a leading theory on ELM suppression.

Although designed for fusion, Diag2Diag could also enhance reliability in fields such as spacecraft monitoring and robotic surgery. For fusion specifically, it supports smaller, cheaper, and more dependable reactors, bringing the prospect of clean, round-the-clock power closer to reality.

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Former Google CEO backs Antarctic drone venture

A reported investment by former Google CEO Eric Schmidt aims to deploy advanced drone systems to navigate Antarctic waters under extreme conditions. The project involves autonomous aerial and underwater drones tailored for polar environments.

Schmidt’s initiative would target the Southern Ocean’s carbon cycle, ice dynamics, and climate modelling. Designers intend drones to operate where traditional vessels cannot, gathering otherwise unreachable data to refine climate models.

Technologies under development reportedly include cold-resistant batteries, autonomous navigation systems, satellite or acoustic communications, and ice-penetrating radar for subsurface mapping. The designs emphasise minimal human intervention.

There is room for application beyond research, including maritime logistics in polar routes and environmental monitoring. If real, the investment could reshape the future of work on how scientists and explorers gather data in remote, hostile regions.

On the other hand, there are criticisms to exploring the area with technologies that could disturb the ecosystem and native species already under other threats. Therefore, careful consideration will have to be made of the ecological impact of this initiative.

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Japan targets AI leadership through new Nvidia–Fujitsu collaboration

Nvidia and Fujitsu have partnered to build an AI infrastructure in Japan, focusing on robotics and advanced computing. The project will utilise Nvidia’s GPUs and Fujitsu’s expertise to support healthcare, manufacturing, environmental work, and customer services, with completion targeted for 2030.

Speaking in Tokyo, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang said Japan could lead the world in AI and robotics. He described the initiative as part of the ongoing AI industrial revolution, calling infrastructure development essential in Japan and globally.

The infrastructure will initially target the Japanese market but may later expand internationally. Although specific projects and investment figures were not disclosed, collaboration with robotics firm Yaskawa Electric was mentioned as a possible example.

Fujitsu and Nvidia have previously collaborated on digital twins and robotics to address Japan’s labour shortages. Both companies state that AI systems will continually evolve and adapt over time.

Fujitsu CEO Takahito Tokita said the partnership takes a humancentric approach to keep Japan competitive. He added that the companies aim to create unprecedented technologies and tackle serious societal challenges.

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FRA presents rights framework at EU Innovation Hub AI Cluster workshop in Tallinn

The EU Innovation Hub for Internal Security’s AI Cluster gathered in Tallinn on 25–26 September for a workshop focused on AI and its implications for security and rights.

The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) played a central role, presenting its Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment framework under the AI Act and highlighting its ongoing project on assessing high-risk AI.

A workshop that also provided an opportunity for FRA to give an update on its internal and external work in the AI field, reflecting the growing need to balance technological innovation with rights-based safeguards.

AI-driven systems in security and policing are increasingly under scrutiny, with regulators and agencies seeking to ensure compliance with EU rules on privacy, transparency and accountability.

In collaboration with Europol, FRA also introduced plans for a panel discussion on ‘The right to explanation of AI-driven individual decision-making’. Scheduled for 19 November in Brussels, the session will form part of the Annual Event of the EU Innovation Hub for Internal Security.

It is expected to draw policymakers, law enforcement representatives and rights advocates into dialogue about transparency obligations in AI use for security contexts.

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Harvard physicists build first continuous quantum computer

Harvard physicists have developed the first continuously operating quantum computer, running for more than two hours without interruption and potentially indefinitely.

Until now, most quantum machines lasted milliseconds, with the longest recorded runtime about 13 seconds. The Harvard team overcame the problem of qubit loss by replenishing atoms in real time using an optical lattice conveyor belt and optical tweezers.

The system contains 3,000 qubits and can inject 300,000 atoms per second, allowing information to be preserved as older particles escape. The findings were produced with MIT collaborators and mark a turning point in quantum research.

Researchers say machines capable of running indefinitely could arrive within two to three years, accelerating progress in medicine, finance, and cryptography. Harvard has heavily invested in the field, launching one of the first PhD programmes in quantum science.

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Atlantic Quantum joins Google Quantum AI to advance scalable quantum hardware

Google Quantum AI has taken a major step in its pursuit of error-corrected quantum computing by integrating Atlantic Quantum, an MIT spin-out focused on superconducting hardware.

The move, while not formally labelled an acquisition, effectively brings the startup’s technology and talent into Google’s programme, strengthening its roadmap toward scalable quantum systems.

Atlantic Quantum, founded in 2021, has worked on integrating qubits with superconducting control electronics in the same cold stage.

A modular chip stack that promises to simplify design, reduce noise, and make scaling more efficient. Everything is equally important to build machines capable of solving problems beyond the reach of classical computers.

Google’s Hartmut Neven highlighted the approach as a way to accelerate progress toward large, fault-tolerant devices.

The startup’s journey, from MIT research labs to Google integration, has been rapid and marked by what CEO Bharath Kannan called ‘managed chaos’.

The founding team and investors were credited with pushing superconducting design forward despite the immense challenges of commercialising such cutting-edge technology.

Beyond hardware, Google gains a strong pool of engineers and researchers, enhancing its competitive edge in a field where rivals include IBM and several well-funded scale-ups.

A move that reflects a broader industry trend where research-heavy startups are increasingly folded into major technology firms to advance long-term quantum ambitions. With governments and corporations pouring resources into the race, consolidation is becoming common.

For Atlantic Quantum, joining Google ensures both technological momentum and access to resources needed for the next phase. As co-founder Simon Gustavsson put it, the work ‘does not stop here’ but continues within Google Quantum AI’s effort to deliver real-world quantum applications.

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