Cyberconflict and warfare Archives | Page 22 of 47

Iranian hacker admits role in Baltimore ransomware attack

An Iranian man has pleaded guilty to charges stemming from a ransomware campaign that disrupted public services across several US cities, including a major 2019 attack in Baltimore.

The US Department of Justice announced that 37-year-old Sina Gholinejad admitted to computer fraud and conspiracy to commit wire fraud, offences that carry a maximum combined sentence of 30 years.

Rather than targeting private firms, Gholinejad and his accomplices deployed Robbinhood ransomware against local governments, hospitals and non-profit organisations from early 2019 to March 2024.

The attack on Baltimore alone resulted in over $19 million in damage and halted critical city functions such as water billing, property tax collection and parking enforcement.

Instead of simply locking data, the group demanded Bitcoin ransoms and occasionally threatened to release sensitive files. Cities including Greenville, Gresham and Yonkers were also affected.

Although no state affiliation has been confirmed, US officials have previously warned of cyber activity tied to Iran, allegations Tehran continues to deny.

Gholinejad was arrested at Raleigh-Durham International Airport in January 2025. The FBI led the investigation, with support from Bulgarian authorities. Sentencing is scheduled for August.

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China blames Taiwan for tech company cyberattack

Chinese authorities have accused Taiwan’s ruling Democratic Progressive Party of backing a cyberattack on a tech company based in Guangzhou.

According to public security officials in the city, an initial police investigation linked the attack to a foreign hacker group allegedly supported by the Taiwanese government.

The unnamed technology firm was reportedly targeted in the incident, with local officials suggesting political motives behind the cyber activity. They claimed Taiwan’s Democratic Progressive Party had provided backing instead of the group acting independently.

Taiwan’s Mainland Affairs Council has not responded to the allegations. The ruling DPP has faced similar accusations before, which it has consistently rejected, often describing such claims as attempts to stoke tension rather than reflect reality.

A development like this adds to the already fragile cross-strait relations, where cyber and political conflicts continue to intensify instead of easing, as both sides exchange accusations in an increasingly digital battleground.

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Tech coalition to push for faster US foreign cybersecurity aid

A coalition of leading technology and cybersecurity firms, including Carahsoft, Dell Technologies, Forescout, Google Cloud, Trellix, and Velos, has launched the Strategic Cybersecurity Coalition (SCC). The group is dedicated to advocating for a more efficient and streamlined US approach to foreign cybersecurity assistance.

Their goal is to accelerate the deployment of sustainable, interoperable cybersecurity solutions that can effectively respond to the growing global cyber threat landscape. The US government continues to face significant bureaucratic and legal barriers that slow the delivery of timely cybersecurity support to its allies.

Despite the Biden administration’s introduction of a rapid-response fund, the broader foreign aid framework remains outdated and ill-equipped to keep pace with fast-evolving cyber incidents. Progress was further stalled by a pause in foreign assistance during the previous administration.

Moreover, existing military aid programs focus largely on traditional weaponry, which often requires years-long procurement processes, an impractical timeline for urgently needed cybersecurity tools and training. Restrictive regulations also hinder US companies from providing cybersecurity services abroad, limiting critical threat intelligence sharing vital to national security.

Strengthening allied cybersecurity is crucial for US security, as threats often target both partners and the US. The SCC calls for faster, streamlined cyber aid through military programs by easing contracting rules and funding limits, aiming to reduce procurement from years to months.

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Ransomware gang leaks French government emails

A ransomware gang has published what it claims is sensitive data from multiple French organisations on a dark web forum.

The Stormous cartel, active since 2022, posted the dataset as a ‘comprehensive leak’ allegedly involving high-profile French government bodies.

However, researchers from Cybernews examined the information and found the data’s quality questionable, with outdated MD5 password hashes indicating it could be from older breaches.

Despite its age, the dataset could still be dangerous if reused credentials are involved. Threat actors may exploit the leaked emails for phishing campaigns by impersonating government agencies to extract more sensitive details.

Cybernews noted that even weak password hashes can eventually be cracked, especially when stronger security measures weren’t in place at the time of collection.

Among the affected organisations are Agence Française de Développement, the Paris Region’s Regional Health Agency, and the Court of Audit.

The number of exposed email addresses varies, with some institutions having only a handful leaked while others face hundreds. The French cybersecurity agency ANSSI has yet to comment.

Last year, France faced another massive exposure incident affecting 95 million citizen records, adding to concerns about ongoing cyber vulnerabilities.

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The United Nations calls for urgent regulation of military AI

The UN and global experts have emphasised the urgent need for comprehensive regulation of AI in military applications. UN Secretary has called for ‘global guardrails’ to govern the use of autonomous weapons, warning that rapid technological development has outpaced current policies.

Recently, 96 countries met at the UN to discuss AI-powered weapons, expanding the conversation to include human rights, criminal law, and ethics, with a push for legally binding agreements by 2026. Unregulated military AI poses serious risks like cybersecurity attacks and worsening geopolitical divides, as some countries fear losing a strategic advantage to rivals.

However, if properly regulated, AI could reduce violence by enabling less-lethal actions and helping leaders choose non-violent solutions, potentially lowering the human cost of conflict. To address ethical challenges, institutions like Texas A&M University are creating nonprofits that work with academia, industry, and defence sectors to develop responsible AI frameworks.

These efforts aim to promote AI applications that prioritise peace and minimise harm, shifting the focus from offensive weapons toward peaceful conflict resolution. Finally, UN Secretary warned against a future divided into AI ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots.’

He stressed the importance of using AI to bridge global development gaps and promote sustainable progress rather than deepen inequalities, emphasising international cooperation to guide AI toward inclusive growth and peace.

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UK research body hit by 5 million cyber attacks

UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), the country’s national funding body for science and research, has reported a staggering 5.4 million cyber attacks this year — a sixfold increase compared to the previous year.

According to data obtained through freedom of information requests, the majority of these threats were phishing attempts, with 236,400 designed to trick employees into revealing sensitive data. A further 11,200 were malware-based attacks, while the rest were identified as spam or malicious emails.

The scale of these incidents highlights the growing threat faced by both public and private sector institutions. Experts believe the rise of AI has enabled cybercriminals to launch more frequent and sophisticated attacks.

Rick Boyce, chief for technology at AND Digital, warned that the emergence of AI has introduced threats ‘at a pace we’ve never seen before’, calling for a move beyond traditional defences to stay ahead of evolving risks.

UKRI, which is sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, manages an annual budget of £8 billion, much of it invested in cutting-edge research.

A budget like this makes it an attractive target for cybercriminals and state-sponsored actors alike, particularly those looking to steal intellectual property or sabotage infrastructure. Security experts suggest the scale and nature of the attacks point to involvement from hostile nation states, with Russia a likely culprit.

Though UKRI cautioned that differing reporting periods may affect the accuracy of year-on-year comparisons, there is little doubt about the severity of the threat.

The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has previously warned of Russia’s Unit 29155 targeting British government bodies and infrastructure for espionage and disruption.

With other notorious groups such as Fancy Bear and Sandworm also active, the cybersecurity landscape is becoming increasingly fraught.

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Lawmakers discuss reported temporary pause in US offensive cyber operations against Russia

During a recent House Armed Services cyber subcommittee hearing, Chair Rep. Don Bacon (R-Neb.) stated that the U.S. Department of Defense briefly paused offensive cyber operations against Russia following a directive from Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth in late February. Bacon noted that the pause lasted one day and described it as consistent with broader policy aims.

Rep. Eugene Vindman (D-Va.) referenced an anonymous DOD rapid response account statement that disputed the claim, calling it ‘at least misleading.’ Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defence for Cyber Policy Laurie Buckhout did not confirm or deny the reports but stated that multiple elements are involved in cyber operations targeting Russia.

The hearing also included bipartisan concerns regarding the recent dismissal of National Security Agency and US Cyber Command Director Timothy Haugh, particularly in light of cyber threats facing US critical infrastructure.

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Netherlands expands espionage laws to include cyber activities

The Dutch government has adopted new legislation expanding the scope of its espionage laws to include digital espionage and other activities carried out on behalf of foreign states that may harm Dutch national interests. The updated law complements existing provisions that criminalise the disclosure of state secrets by adding penalties for leaking sensitive, but not classified, information and for conducting harmful activities linked to foreign entities.

Under the revised legal framework, penalties for computer-related offenses associated with espionage have been increased. Individuals found guilty of such offenses could face up to eight years in prison, or up to twelve years in particularly severe cases.

Netherlands Justice and Security Minister David van Weel stated that the measures aim to enhance national resilience against foreign threats.

In parallel, the government is moving forward with plans to implement vetting procedures for researchers and students seeking access to sensitive technologies at Dutch academic institutions. This follows growing concern over foreign interest in strategic research, particularly from China, as noted by Dutch intelligence services.

In recent assessments, Dutch authorities have reported both Chinese cyber activities targeting intellectual property and Russian state-linked attempts to disrupt national infrastructure. Incidents include reported efforts to infiltrate institutions based in The Hague, such as the International Criminal Court and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

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Japan approves preemptive cyberdefence law

Japan’s parliament has passed a new law enabling active cyberdefence measures, allowing authorities to legally monitor communications data during peacetime and neutralise foreign servers if cyberattacks occur.

Instead of reacting only after incidents, this law lets the government take preventive steps to counter threats before they escalate.

Operators of vital infrastructure, such as electricity and railway companies, must now report cyber breaches directly to the government. The shift follows recent cyber incidents targeting banks and an airline, prompting Japan to put a full framework in place by 2027.

Although the law permits monitoring of IP addresses in communications crossing Japanese borders, it explicitly bans surveillance of domestic messages and their contents.

A new independent panel will authorise all monitoring and response actions beforehand, instead of leaving decisions solely to security agencies.

Police will handle initial countermeasures, while the Self-Defense Forces will act only when attacks are highly complex or planned. The law, revised to address opposition concerns, includes safeguards to ensure personal rights are protected and that government surveillance remains accountable.

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Masked cybercrime groups rise as attacks escalate worldwide

Cybercrime is thriving like never before, with hackers launching attacks ranging from absurd ransomware demands of $1 trillion to large-scale theft of personal data. Despite efforts from Microsoft, Google and even the FBI, these threat actors continue to outpace defences.

A new report by Group-IB has analysed over 1,500 cybercrime investigations to uncover the most active and dangerous hacker groups operating today.

Rather than fading away after arrests or infighting, many cybercriminal gangs are re-emerging stronger than before.

Group-IB’s May 2025 report highlights a troubling increase in key attack types across 2024 — phishing rose by 22%, ransomware leak sites by 10%, and APT (advanced persistent threat) attacks by 58%. The United States was the most affected country by ransomware activity.

At the top of the cybercriminal hierarchy now sits RansomHub, a ransomware-as-a-service group that emerged from the collapsed ALPHV group and has already overtaken long-established players in attack numbers.

Behind it is GoldFactory, which developed the first iOS banking trojan and exploited facial recognition data. Lazarus, a well-known North Korean state-linked group, also remains highly active under multiple aliases.

Meanwhile, politically driven hacktivist group NoName057(16) has been targeting European institutions using denial-of-service attacks.

With jurisdictional gaps allowing cybercriminals to flourish, these masked hackers remain a growing concern for global cybersecurity, especially as new threat actors emerge from the shadows instead of disappearing for good.

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