Wrap up 2026

27 May 2026 15:30h - 16:00h

Session at a glanceSummary, keypoints, and speakers overview

Summary

The closing session of Eurodig 2026, hosted by EURID, was opened by Florence Ranson who thanked participants for staying until the end of a “fulfilling” day and noted that workshop outcomes would be shared soon [1-5][9-10]. Sandra, the co-moderator, expressed surprise at the full room and extended gratitude to all who contributed to the two-day program, including focal points, speakers, rapporteurs, youth participants, institutional partners and sponsors [11-15]. Regina highlighted the event as a proof of multi-stakeholder collaboration, noting that EURID hosts Eurodig only once every ten years and that the conference also marked the 20-year anniversary of the .eu domain [16]. Both co-moderators specifically thanked the DigiConnect team-Fabrizia Bernini, Gemma, Carlo Dillo and Martina Balbero-for providing the venue and helping design the programme, and even joked about planning the next host year for 2036 [17-25]. Florence then praised the technical team for delivering a smooth two-day event without any glitches and wished everyone a safe journey home before inviting final remarks from UNESCO and ICANN representatives [26].


Sarmad Hussain of ICANN reminded the audience that the internet must be accessible in all languages and scripts, citing the community-driven development of multilingual domain names and email addresses since the Tunis agenda of 2005 [28-34]. He explained that despite the technical availability, many services still reject local-language identifiers, creating a “universal acceptance” challenge that requires organisations to update websites, email systems and raise awareness [35-44]. Hussain called on developers, public-sector, academic and civil-society actors to ensure that all applications support any domain name or email address, and announced the upcoming Universal Acceptance Day [42-44].


Dr. Xianhong Hu, speaking for UNESCO, conveyed Ambassador Salih Abduh’s message welcoming participants and celebrating the joint Eurodig-UNESCO partnership alongside the .eu 20-year milestone [46-52]. He highlighted the breadth of topics covered at the conference-internet governance, universal acceptance, gender equality, intergenerational dialogue and youth engagement-reflecting UNESCO’s Information for All programme [52-57]. The UNESCO representative noted the programme’s 25th anniversary and used the occasion to call for renewed collaboration among European governments, the technical community, civil society and the private sector to bridge digital divides and promote multilingual, inclusive futures [55-60]. The session concluded with a toast to partnership, an invitation for a group photo, and thanks from the UNESCO team to all attendees [61-66].


Keypoints


Major discussion points


Closing gratitude and acknowledgment of the event’s success – Florence opened the wrap-up, noting the long day and thanking participants, workshop attendees, and the organizing and technical teams for a “very successful event” and a smooth technical experience [1-10][26][46-48]. Sandra and Regina added extensive thanks to the large audience, sponsors, EuroDIG host EURID, the 20-year .eu celebration, and the Digi-Connect team [11-15][16-18][19-25].


Highlight of multi-stakeholder collaboration and the rarity of EuroDIG being hosted by EURID – Regina emphasized that EuroDIG’s partnership with EURID is a “proof of multi-stakeholder and collaborative achievement” that occurs only once every ten years [16-18]. Sandra echoed the sentiment, praising the “usability, brightness, network opportunities” created by this collaboration [17-20].


Universal Acceptance (UA) of multilingual domain names and email addresses – Sarmad Hussain reminded the audience that the internet must be accessible in all languages and scripts, describing the technical progress that now allows domain names and email addresses in local languages, but also stressing the remaining challenges for applications and services to support them [28-36]. He called on all sectors to ensure “universal acceptance” so that these technologies work everywhere [37-44][41-43].


UNESCO’s partnership and the 25-year anniversary of the Information for All programme – Dr. Xianhong Hu announced UNESCO’s support, highlighted the programme’s six priority areas (including multilingualism), and invited European governments, the technical community, civil society, academia, and the private sector to join UNESCO in bridging the digital divide and promoting inclusive, multilingual digital futures [49-60].


Celebratory closing and invitation for final networking – The session concluded with a toast to partnerships, an invitation for a group photo, and wishes for a safe journey home, reinforcing the convivial and forward-looking atmosphere [61-66].


Overall purpose / goal


The discussion served as the closing plenary of EuroDIG 2026, aiming to (1) formally thank all contributors, sponsors, and partners; (2) underscore the significance of the event’s multi-stakeholder collaboration and the milestone anniversaries (.eu 20 years, UNESCO Information for All 25 years); (3) raise awareness of the Universal Acceptance challenge for multilingual domain names and email addresses and call on stakeholders to act; and (4) strengthen partnerships among governments, the technical community, civil society, academia, and UNESCO to advance inclusive, multilingual digital societies.


Tone of the discussion


The tone began appreciative and celebratory, with Florence and the co-moderators expressing gratitude and highlighting the event’s success. It then shifted to a constructive, advocacy-driven tone as Sarmad presented the technical and policy challenge of Universal Acceptance, urging collective action. The final segment returned to a warm, collegial tone, featuring UNESCO’s partnership message, a toast, and an invitation for a group photo, ending on an optimistic and inclusive note. Throughout, the conversation remained positive, with brief moments of informal humor (e.g., the “hand in the colors of the European Union” exchange) that reinforced a friendly, collaborative atmosphere.


Speakers

Regina co-moderator


Florence Ranson


Sandra co-moderator – Legal Officer, CARICOM Secretariat[S7]


Sarmad Hussain


Dr. Xianhong Hu


Additional speakers:


Shanghong (UNESCO) –


Full session reportComprehensive analysis and detailed insights

The closing plenary of EuroDIG 2026 began with Florence Ranson welcoming the audience and acknowledging the fatigue of a long day while expressing gratitude to all participants who had remained present despite the hour-long schedule. She highlighted that workshop outcomes and feedback would be shared shortly and signalled that the session was moving towards a wrap-up [1-5][9-10][26].


Sandra, the co-moderator, then remarked on the unusually full room, noting that such attendance had never been seen at a previous wrap-up [13-14]. She proceeded to thank the extensive network of contributors – focal points, organising teams, speakers, rapporteurs, youth participants, institutional partners and sponsors – whose involvement had made the two-day programme possible [11-15].


Regina, the second co-moderator, framed EuroDIG 2026 as a concrete illustration of multi-stakeholder collaboration, describing the conference as “proof of multi-stakeholder and collaborative achievement” and reminding the audience that EURID hosts EuroDIG only once every ten years [16-18]. She also marked the event as a celebration of the 20-year anniversary of the .eu domain and thanked the DigiConnect team – Fabrizia Bernini, Gemma, Carlo Dillo and Martina Balbero – for their contribution to the venue and co-designing the programme[16-22].


In a light-hearted exchange, Sandra joked about planning the next EuroDIG host year for 2036 and praised the “usability, brightness, network opportunities” created by the partnership, reinforcing the sentiment that the collaboration had been “truly appreciated by everyone” [17-21][23-25].


Returning to the closing remarks, Florence thanked the organising and technical teams for delivering a two-day event that, in her words, suffered “no tech hiccup”, and wished everyone a safe journey home before inviting the final messages from UNESCO and ICANN [26][46-48].


Sarmad Hussain of ICANN used his brief slot to stress that the Internet must be accessible in every language and script. He recalled the Tunis agenda of 2005 as the point from which the community-driven effort to develop Internationalised Domain Names (IDNs) and email addresses in local languages began [28-33]. While acknowledging that the technical standards now exist, he warned that many online services – social-media platforms, e-commerce sites and government portals – still reject these multilingual identifiers, creating a “universal acceptance” challenge [35-37]. He called on organisations to audit their websites and email systems, update them where necessary, and to raise awareness through events such as the forthcoming Universal Acceptance Day, urging developers, public-sector actors, academia and civil-society to ensure that all applications accept any domain name or email address [38-44][41-44].


Dr Xianhong Hu, speaking on behalf of UNESCO, relayed Ambassador Salih Abduh’s welcome and highlighted the joint celebration of the .eu 20-year milestone and UNESCO’s Information for All programme turning 25 [46-53][55-57]. She noted that the two-day EuroDIG 2026 took place in the European Commission’s building[55-57]. She outlined the programme’s six priority areas – information for development, accessibility, literacy, ethics, preservation, and multilingualism – and positioned the anniversary as an opportunity to re-imagine inclusive knowledge societies in the digital and AI age [55-58]. Dr Hu then invited European governments, the technical community, civil society, academia and the private sector to partner with UNESCO in bridging the global digital divide, promoting universal acceptance and shaping a truly multilingual and inclusive future [59-60][61-66].


Across the closing session, there was clear consensus on three themes: (i) the extensive gratitude expressed by Florence, Sandra and Regina for the contributions of participants, sponsors and technical staff; (ii) the emphasis on multi-stakeholder collaboration as the engine of EuroDIG’s success, echoed by both co-moderators and reinforced by UNESCO’s partnership message; and (iii) the shared commitment to multilingual Internet access and universal acceptance, voiced by Sarmad and echoed in UNESCO’s call for inclusive digital policies [11-15][16-25][28-36][55-60].


A subtle tension emerged between Florence’s claim of a flawless technical delivery and Sarmad’s observation that many services still fail to support multilingual identifiers, highlighting a gap between the event’s internal technical performance and the broader ecosystem’s readiness [26][35-37].


The session concluded with a toast to partnership, an invitation for a group photograph on stage and final thanks from the UNESCO delegation, reinforcing a collegial and forward-looking atmosphere as participants prepared to depart [61-66].


In the wider policy context, EuroDIG continues to operate as a regional, multistakeholder forum that feeds its “Messages” into the global Internet Governance Forum, embodying the WS-IS+20 principle of inclusive, community-driven agenda-setting [S17]. The closing remarks therefore not only marked the end of the 2026 conference but also set the agenda for forthcoming actions: the promotion of universal acceptance, the revitalisation of UNESCO’s Information for All programme in the AI era, and the continuation of the EuroDIG-EURID partnership for the next host cycle [16-18][55-60].


Session transcriptComplete transcript of the session
Florence Ranson

Hello? Yes, there’s hope. It’s the end of the day, even for the mic, it’s getting tired. Thank you very much, Chloe, and thank you for joining us for this session. Thank you all also for your contributions. It’s really nice to see that even though we’re nearing the end of the event and nearing the end of the day, and it’s been a very fulfilling day, a very rich day, you’re all still here. I see lots of colleagues standing at the back there. Please feel free to come down if you want to take a seat for the last couple of minutes, but of course you can stay where you are. But everybody’s coming back from the workshops, which I understand were quite active as well and quite intense, and we’ll see the outcomes of the workshops and the feedback on the day.

So we are coming to a wrap. And I’d like to, first of all, for the first part of the closing, and it’s going to be a quick one, but invite colleagues from Eurodig and EURID to give their special thanks, first of all.

Sandra co-moderator

Thank you very much. Well, there is a huge group of people to thank. But first of all, let me tell you, I’m so much impressed that the room is so full. We never had that in, as long as I remember that we had for the last session, a wrap -up session, such a big room. So my first and biggest thanks goes to you, that you are still here at that hour. after two intensive days and of course we would like to thank all we were everyone who was involved in building the program um the focal points the organizing teams the speakers the rapporteurs the youth participants who prepared our institutional partners that keep us supporting us for a long time and we hope they will continue and of course our sponsors i think regina you have a big list of someone to thank as well

Regina co-moderator

indeed thank you very much sandra um i think if there is a proof of multi -stakeholder and collaborative achievement then it’s this conference eurodic our institutional partner urid has the honor to be the host which happens only once in 10 years so thank you very much for this as well and you you thank you that you also used this opportunity to celebrate 20 years of dot eu with us on this occasion thank you very much but there’s of course one partner whom we like to thank in particular and this is the one uh our colleagues and our team from digi connect uh fabrizia bernini uh gemma carlo dillo and martina balbero if you would please like to come

Sandra co-moderator

martina just said i’m not martina sorry regina regina just said we need all of all three of you regina just said every 10 years you’re hosting a euro dig so maybe we can already make arrangements for coming here again in 2036 because i must say in terms of uh usability brightness network opportunities, that was a perfect place to be. And we would like to thank you very, very much for making that possible, not only for giving us the building, but also for the fabulous collaboration in building the program. It was truly a pleasure to connect so closely with you, to have you, not only Martina in the organizing teams and in the program committee, but also Fabrizia and Gemma on the stage, connecting with the community.

I think this was really very much appreciated by everyone. And we would like to, and now I have to, I would need one more hand, flowers in the colors of the European Union. And of course, the .eu. Fabrizia, you still have a hand? The .eu symbol? Okay. Thank you. then because we know there was a big team behind it we pulled together Swedes from across Europe from across Europe means all the places where Europe has an office or from Switzerland of course and yes and a thank you to a lady with whom it would not be possible at all the lady of the event thank you very much Martina photo of go ahead thank you all

Florence Ranson

thank you very much and congratulations on a very successful event i think that we can now indeed i can finish the uh thanks part and i’d like to indeed thank the organizing teams uh beyond our colleagues from institutions but also our tech team for leading us safely uh through the two days it’s very rare that we have no tech hiccup so kudos guys and that’s it from me i’d like to wish you a very good evening a safe trip home all over the place wherever it is you’re going to whether today or tomorrow enjoy your evening but before we close i still have to invite a very final message from shanghong who from unesco and sarmad hussein from i can so please Thank you and bye -bye.

Sarmad Hussain

Thank you, organizers. Thank you, Sandra. So we’ll just take a quick few minutes just to remind you that, you know, when we talk about Internet access and we look globally, we obviously live in a very multilingual world. And one of the things or one of the asks from the community has been that we make Internet available in all the different languages and scripts which people speak. and this is something which community has been involved in. We’ve obviously, community has led the effort, technical community has developed standards and now it’s possible, of course, to have domain names and email addresses which help us navigate the internet and communicate on the internet in our local languages. So this has been an ask.

For example, since the Tunis agenda, this is Tunis in 2005. I guess Shen Hong is also going to talk about how this is also obviously something which UNESCO looks or works to achieve as well. And so now it is possible to have domain names and email addresses in all the different languages. That not only impacts, for example, me, where I come from, a place which uses has many languages but all written in Arabic script so I, you know, for example I can have a domain name and email address in my language, in Arabic script but also in many of you in Europe as well where you’re using scripts other than Latin or even when you’re using Latin script you’re using characters in Latin script which go beyond just the letters A to Z and use diacritics and other letters so with the domain names with these email addresses now available there is still a challenge and that challenge is that when we start using these domain names and email addresses in applications like signing up for social media applications or trying to use an e -commerce application or even trying to use a government service.

You know, if you’re using these email addresses, for example, in local languages, many of these services just remain still unavailable to people. And I think the message which we want to share from ICANN is that we all need to work together to still make sure that even these technologies which have been developed by the technical community to address the ask from the larger community globally, we need to do our part to make this work. So, for example, we need to go and see whether our organizational websites accept these domain names and email addresses in different languages, our email services are updated, and if they are not, then obviously we work within our organizations to make sure that we are able to do this work.

to make that work. We also organize events to raise awareness about this. I guess that’s one of the reasons we’re here to talk to you. We call them Universal Acceptance Day. So this is a universal acceptance challenge that all domain names and all email addresses should work with all applications. And we obviously would like you as technology developers, as public sector members or academia members or civil society members to please play your role in making sure that internet remains accessible for everyone. So with that, I’ll also… I’ll pass on the mic to my colleague, Shannon.

Dr. Xianhong Hu

Thank you, Sarmad. Thank you also for putting on a UNESCO t -shirt. It shows the spirit of partnership. So actually, as the chair of UNESCO Information for All program, His Excellency Ambassador Salih Abduh has unfortunately cannot come here in person, so please allow me to read a short message on his behalf. Tonight, jointly with ICANN and Eurodig, we warmly welcome you to the cocktail. I believe the drinks are already available outside, so I’ll be very brief. So following the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the EU here, we have experienced an outstanding Eurodig 2026. in the past two days in the wonderful building of European Commission here. So we have enjoyed so exceptional hospitality from EURID and EURDIG, alongside also with the very open, rich discussions and inclusive voices we have been hearing here, spanning so wide range on topics such as internet governance, domain names, universal acceptance, which is at the heart of our partnership, WSIS, Global Digital Compact, NRIs, IGF, gender equality, intergenerational dialogue, so many young people, young voices here, just to name a few.

So really, on behalf of all the participants and audiences, a big thank you to you, EURID and EURDIG, and also to Sandra and to Regina. Really, we are so happy being here. And this year also marks a significant milestone for UNESCO as the 25th anniversary of the Information for All program. It was established in 2001, works to build inclusive knowledge societies in six priority areas, information for development, accessibility, literacy, ethics, preservation, and multilingualism in the cyberspace. This anniversary offers the key opportunity to revitalize the program and reimagine the inclusive knowledge societies in the digital and AI age. That’s exactly the objective which strongly resonates with the discussion we’re having here at your dig. We want to invite all the European stakeholders, governments, the technical community, civil society, academia, and the private sector to join us in this event.

sector to join force with UNESCO, with all of us in bridging global digital divides to promote universal acceptance and eventually shaping truly multilingual and inclusive futures. So with that, let’s cheers for partnerships and friendship. Thank you. So we can have the last. I just enjoy your drink and enjoy our last night. And also we are here to take maybe final family picture. You are all welcome to come to stage with us. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

Related ResourcesKnowledge base sources related to the discussion topics (20)
Factual NotesClaims verified against the Diplo knowledge base (5)
Confirmedhigh

“EuroDIG is an open multistakeholder platform for informal and inclusive discussions on Internet governance.”

The knowledge base describes EuroDIG as an open multistakeholder platform that exchanges views about the internet and its governance, confirming the report’s description of multi-stakeholder collaboration [S35].

!
Correctionmedium

“EURid hosts EuroDIG only once every ten years.”

While the report states EURid hosts EuroDIG once every ten years, the knowledge base only records that EURid hosted EuroDIG in 2016; it does not support a ten-year hosting cycle and provides no evidence of such a regular interval [S81].

Confirmedmedium

“EURid has hosted EuroDIG in the past.”

EuroDIG 2016 was hosted by EURid in cooperation with the European Commission, confirming that EURid does act as a host for EuroDIG events [S81].

Additional Contextlow

“EuroDIG is held annually in a different European city each year.”

The knowledge base notes that EuroDIG is an annual conference that takes place in a different European city every year, adding context to the report’s reference to the event’s recurring nature [S35].

!
Correctionmedium

“The .eu domain celebrated its 20‑year anniversary around the time of EuroDIG 2026.”

The .eu domain was introduced in 2005, making its 20-year anniversary in 2025; therefore a 20-year celebration would have occurred a year earlier than EuroDIG 2026, which the knowledge base does not confirm for 2026 [S28].

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S66
Lightning Talk #22 Eurodig Inviting Global Stakeholders — Just to let you know, for our call for application for youth, it was responded by 428, 29 applications. We had really st…
S67
European Dialogue on Internet Governance: EuroDIG 2024 — The European Dialogue on Internet Governance (EuroDIG) 2024 is scheduled to take place from June 17–19 in Vilnius, Lithu…
S68
EuroDIG 2012 Remote Hub Belgrade — On 6 June, at the Republic Agency for Electronic Communication in Serbia, a Remote Participation HUB was convened for th…
S69
International domain names from a multilingualism and security perspective — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/IGCBP2010_2011_Batayneh.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/up…
S70
Universal acceptance of domain names and email addresses — IDNs are not familiar to users; they have become accustomed to ASCII use in domains. Search engines are powerful to help…
S71
WS #150 Language and inclusion – multilingual names — And that’s where I might ask my colleague, Sarmad, to share a little bit. If I may, Behar. Moderator: Sarmad, could…
S72
Digital Inclusion Through a Multilingual Internet | IGF 2023 WS #297 Table of contents Knowledge Graph of Debate Session report Speakers D…
S73
Build a legacy for future generations, connect bridges: some suggestions for future action — The CONNECTing the Dots conference at UNESCO’s headquarters in Paris, on 3-4 March, concluded with the adoption of an ou…
S74
Tunis Agenda for the Information Society — Enabling environmentITU/UNDP/UN REGIONAL COMMISSIONS/UNCTADC7. ICT Applications– E-government– E-business– E-learning– E…
S75
Pre 3: Exploring Frontier technologies for harnessing digital public good and advancing Digital Inclusion — UNESCO, I mean, the multilateral diplomacy is also a relevant point in this conversation. And this is our role, to be an…
S76
Promoting age-friendly digital technologies collaboration and innovation for an inclusive information society — You know, IFEP was a very unique creation of UNESCO as an intergovernmental program to support member states and all the…
S77
Closing Session of the IGCBP2008 in Second Life — Students in the fourth generation of the Internet Governance Capacity Building Programme have gathered on Thursday, 3 …
S78
Online conference ‘The Future of Meetings’ — The online course was just the first step in their journey of shifting various meetings from onsite to online. Other cou…
S79
Closing Plenary of Global Roundtable — It’s not intended as a criticism that things are not moving fast. It is not intended as a criticism that country X or co…
S80
WSIS Forum 2017: Summary of Day 5 — ), and global approaches and local actions (session 343). Bridging the gender digital divide is a way to promote the soc…
S81
DiploFoundation and Digital Watch on EuroDIG 2016 — The European Dialogue on Internet Governance is an open platform for informal and inclusive discussions on public policy…
S82
IG workshop at IDLELO 5 — Diplo’s Internet Governance Capacity Building Programme (IGCBP) programme coordinator, Ginger Paque, gave a three-day wo…
S83
OPEN MIC – Taking Stock | IGF 2023 — This signifies a commitment to involving stakeholders in decision-making processes and fostering collaboration for furth…
S84
‘Our Common Agenda’ | Report of the UN Secretary-General — It reinforces the need for robust action on the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, along with other crit…
S85
Meaningful Youth Engagement in Policy and Decision-making Processes | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 3 — Annex CONSULTATIONS WITH MEMBER STATES AND OTHER RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS The proposals put forth in the present pol…
S86
Youth diplomacy — Bilaterally, it is a key component of public diplomacy between two nations. Countries manage scholarship programmes and …
S87
Main Topic 1: Why the WSIS+20 Review Matters and How National and Regional IGFs Can Enhance Stakeholder Participation — She recommended it as a key resource for anyone needing arguments or evidence for the WSIS review process. Evidence …
S88
Diplo at EU Digital Retreat (Geneva) — On 3 September 2025, the Permanent Mission of Denmark to the United Nations Office and other international organizations…
S89
Create your digital future: Transforming lives and businesses in Europe — Ms Katrin Ohlmer (CEO, Dotzon GmbH) took the floor and mentioned some important points for digitalisation: Universal ac…
S90
Shaping our digital future in Europe: Diplomatic, economic, and security perspectives on digital transformation — The traditional annual event with College of Europe students and professors will focus on the challenges that Europe fac…
S91
Celebrating 20 years of DiploNews — Over the years, Diplo’s alumni base grew to over 6,000 professionals from 201 countries. Our websites, home to the lates…
S92
EuroDIG 2015 — The 8th EuroDIG will take place in Sofia, Bulgaria (Kempinski Hotel Zografski) on 4-5 June 2015. EuroDIG 2015 is hosted …
S93
Opening — So technical progress must not be a zero-sum game where every winner creates a loser. Together we must fight for a digit…
S94
Closing remarks — I want to thank specifically our 53 partners from the UN family, our co-convener, Switzerland, thank you for being with …
S95
Closing remarks – Charting the path forward — Thank you so much Anne Bouverot: Your excellencies distinguished guests colleagues ladies and gentlemen It was really …
S96
Closing Remarks — The closing ambiance was a blend of introspection, celebration, and progressive thought, eagerly looking to the promise …
S97
‘Geneva IS a hub for IG’: GIC Day Two — One measure of the success of a conference is the attendance and engagement in the afternoon of the last day. And even t…
Speakers Analysis
Detailed breakdown of each speaker’s arguments and positions
S
Sandra co-moderator
1 argument119 words per minute402 words201 seconds
Argument 1
Thanks to attendees, sponsors, and workshop participants
EXPLANATION
Sandra expresses gratitude to everyone present, highlighting the unusually full room at a late hour and thanking the many groups that contributed to the event, including focal points, organizers, speakers, rapporteurs, youth participants, institutional partners, and sponsors.
EVIDENCE
She begins by thanking the audience and noting the impressive attendance, saying the room was full unlike any previous wrap-up sessions [11-15]. She then lists all the contributors she wishes to thank: the program builders, focal points, organizing teams, speakers, rapporteurs, youth participants, institutional partners, and sponsors, and later adds specific thanks to the DigiConnect team members Fabrizia, Gemma, and others [17-25].
EXTERNAL EVIDENCE (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
Expressions of gratitude similar to this are recorded in the closing ceremony remarks of another event, where organizers thank participants, sponsors and partners [S22], and in a brief thank-you note from a workshop session [S16].
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Acknowledgments & Gratitude
AGREED WITH
Regina co-moderator, Dr. Xianhong Hu
R
Regina co-moderator
1 argument127 words per minute123 words57 seconds
Argument 1
Highlight of multi‑stakeholder collaboration and significance of hosting EuroDIG
EXPLANATION
Regina points out that the EuroDIG conference itself is proof of successful multi‑stakeholder collaboration and notes that hosting the event is a rare honour that occurs only once every ten years, underscoring its importance.
EVIDENCE
She states that the conference demonstrates multi-stakeholder achievement and that EuroDIG’s institutional partner EURID is hosting for the first time in a decade, also mentioning the celebration of 20 years of the .eu domain [16].
EXTERNAL EVIDENCE (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
EuroDIG 2019 highlights emphasize the role of multistakeholder collaboration and note the importance of the EuroDIG venue as a platform for such cooperation [S18]; the multistakeholder model is also discussed in the context of universal acceptance and governance coordination [S32].
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Acknowledgments & Gratitude
AGREED WITH
Sandra co-moderator, Dr. Xianhong Hu
F
Florence Ranson
1 argument127 words per minute321 words151 seconds
Argument 1
Appreciation of organizing and tech teams for a smooth, hiccup‑free event
EXPLANATION
Florence thanks the organizing teams and especially the technical team for delivering a two‑day event without any technical problems, highlighting the rarity of such a flawless execution.
EVIDENCE
She explicitly thanks the organizing teams and the tech team for leading the participants safely through the two days and notes that it is very rare to have no tech hiccups [26].
EXTERNAL EVIDENCE (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
Guidelines on organising virtual meetings stress the critical role of a technical person and the need for a well-prepared tech team to avoid disruptions [S23]; feedback from a future-meetings workshop highlights the value of a competent tech crew for seamless execution [S21].
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Acknowledgments & Gratitude
AGREED WITH
Sandra co-moderator, Regina co-moderator
DISAGREED WITH
Sarmad Hussain
S
Sarmad Hussain
2 arguments120 words per minute554 words275 seconds
Argument 1
Importance of enabling domain names and email addresses in all languages and scripts
EXPLANATION
Sarmad stresses that a truly global internet must support domain names and email addresses in every language and script, allowing users to navigate and communicate online in their native linguistic forms.
EVIDENCE
He explains that the community has asked for multilingual internet access, that standards now allow domain names and email addresses in local languages, cites the Tunis agenda from 2005 as an early example, and describes how these identifiers work for Arabic script and other non-Latin characters [28-35].
EXTERNAL EVIDENCE (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
Technical papers on internationalised domain names discuss the necessity of supporting all scripts for domains and email addresses [S24]; a multilingual-inclusion workshop explicitly addresses the need for domain names and email addresses in local languages [S25].
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Multilingual Internet & Universal Acceptance
AGREED WITH
Dr. Xianhong Hu
Argument 2
Call to organizations to ensure their services accept these multilingual identifiers
EXPLANATION
Sarmad urges organizations to update their websites, email systems and other applications so they can correctly handle multilingual domain names and email addresses, and to raise awareness through events such as Universal Acceptance Day.
EVIDENCE
He calls for organisations to verify that their sites accept multilingual domains, to update email services, to organise awareness-raising events, and specifically mentions the Universal Acceptance Day initiative, addressing technology developers, public-sector, academia and civil-society actors [38-43].
EXTERNAL EVIDENCE (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
The multilingual-inclusion session urges organisations to raise awareness and adopt universal-acceptance practices for multilingual identifiers [S25]; ICANN’s outreach to governments and institutions stresses integrating universal acceptance into services and policies [S32].
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Multilingual Internet & Universal Acceptance
AGREED WITH
Dr. Xianhong Hu
D
Dr. Xianhong Hu
2 arguments83 words per minute413 words298 seconds
Argument 1
Celebration of UNESCO’s Information for All 25th anniversary and its six priority areas
EXPLANATION
Dr. Hu marks the 25th anniversary of UNESCO’s Information for All programme, outlining its six priority areas—information for development, accessibility, literacy, ethics, preservation, and multilingualism—while linking the celebration to the EuroDIG event.
EVIDENCE
He notes that the programme was established in 2001, celebrates its 25-year milestone, and lists the six priority areas that guide UNESCO’s work in building inclusive knowledge societies [55-57].
EXTERNAL EVIDENCE (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
UNESCO’s Information for All programme is described with its six priority areas (information for development, accessibility, literacy, ethics, preservation, multilingualism) and its 25-year milestone in a UNESCO-focused briefing [S31].
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
UNESCO Partnership & Inclusive Digital Future
AGREED WITH
Sarmad Hussain
Argument 2
Invitation to European stakeholders to join UNESCO in bridging the digital divide and promoting universal acceptance
EXPLANATION
Dr. Hu invites governments, the technical community, civil society, academia and the private sector across Europe to collaborate with UNESCO to close global digital gaps and advance universal acceptance of multilingual internet identifiers.
EVIDENCE
He explicitly calls on European stakeholders to join UNESCO and its partners in bridging digital divides and promoting universal acceptance, framing it as a joint effort to shape multilingual and inclusive futures [59-60].
EXTERNAL EVIDENCE (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
UNESCO calls on European governments, the technical community and civil society to collaborate on closing digital gaps and advancing universal acceptance of multilingual identifiers [S31]; ICANN similarly invites governments and institutions to adopt universal-acceptance measures as part of bridging the digital divide [S32].
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
UNESCO Partnership & Inclusive Digital Future
AGREED WITH
Sarmad Hussain
Agreements
Agreement Points
Expressions of gratitude and acknowledgment of contributors
Speakers: Sandra co-moderator, Regina co-moderator, Florence Ranson
Thanks to attendees, sponsors, and workshop participants Highlight of multi‑stakeholder collaboration and significance of hosting EuroDIG Appreciation of organizing and tech teams for a smooth, hiccup‑free event
All three speakers thanked the audience, partners, sponsors and the organising/technical teams for making the event successful, highlighting the unusually full room, the rare hosting honour and the flawless technical execution [11-15][17-25][16][26].
POLICY CONTEXT (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
Expressions of thanks are a recurring feature of WSIS-related events, exemplified by the gratitude shown in the WSIS Prizes ceremony report and in exhibition-diplomacy narratives, reflecting diplomatic norms of acknowledging contributors [S54][S55].
Emphasis on multi‑stakeholder collaboration as essential to the event’s success
Speakers: Sandra co-moderator, Regina co-moderator, Dr. Xianhong Hu
Thanks to attendees, sponsors, and workshop participants Highlight of multi‑stakeholder collaboration and significance of hosting EuroDIG Celebration of UNESCO’s Information for All 25th anniversary and its six priority areas
Sandra highlighted the many stakeholder groups that contributed, Regina framed the conference itself as proof of multi-stakeholder achievement, and Dr. Hu stressed the partnership between UNESCO, ICANN and EuroDIG, showing a shared view that collaboration across sectors is central [11-15][17-25][16][52-53].
POLICY CONTEXT (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
The centrality of multi-stakeholder collaboration is codified in the WSIS outcomes and UN-endorsed multistakeholder frameworks, and was highlighted in the Malta multistakeholder diplomacy conference and subsequent WSIS+20 knowledge-café discussions [S51][S52][S53].
Promotion of multilingual internet identifiers and universal acceptance
Speakers: Sarmad Hussain, Dr. Xianhong Hu
Importance of enabling domain names and email addresses in all languages and scripts Call to organizations to ensure their services accept these multilingual identifiers Celebration of UNESCO’s Information for All 25th anniversary and its six priority areas Invitation to European stakeholders to join UNESCO in bridging the digital divide and promoting universal acceptance
Both speakers stressed that domain names and email addresses must work in every language and script, and urged organisations and European stakeholders to adopt universal-acceptance practices to keep the internet accessible for all [28-35][38-43][55-57][59-60].
POLICY CONTEXT (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
The push for multilingual domain names and universal acceptance aligns with ICANN’s Universal Acceptance (UA) policy and UNESCO’s multilingual-access recommendations, as documented in the IGF 2023 multilingual internet working group and related analyses [S46][S48][S50].
Similar Viewpoints
Both co‑moderators used their closing remarks to thank the wide range of participants and to underline that the conference exemplifies successful multi‑stakeholder cooperation [11-15][17-25][16].
Speakers: Sandra co-moderator, Regina co-moderator
Thanks to attendees, sponsors, and workshop participants Highlight of multi‑stakeholder collaboration and significance of hosting EuroDIG
Both highlighted the need for multilingual, universally accepted internet identifiers and called on a broad set of actors to act, linking technical standards to UNESCO’s multilingualism priority [28-35][38-43][55-57][59-60].
Speakers: Sarmad Hussain, Dr. Xianhong Hu
Importance of enabling domain names and email addresses in all languages and scripts Call to organizations to ensure their services accept these multilingual identifiers Celebration of UNESCO’s Information for All 25th anniversary and its six priority areas Invitation to European stakeholders to join UNESCO in bridging the digital divide and promoting universal acceptance
Both addressed technical readiness: Florence praised the flawless technical support during the event, while Sarmad stressed the need for organisations to update their technical systems to handle multilingual domains and emails [26][38-43].
Speakers: Florence Ranson, Sarmad Hussain
Appreciation of organizing and tech teams for a smooth, hiccup‑free event Call to organizations to ensure their services accept these multilingual identifiers
Unexpected Consensus
Technical readiness versus technical challenges
Speakers: Florence Ranson, Sarmad Hussain
Appreciation of organizing and tech teams for a smooth, hiccup‑free event Call to organizations to ensure their services accept these multilingual identifiers
Florence highlighted that the event ran without any technical hiccups, an outcome that Sarmad implicitly contrasts with the broader technical gaps he identifies (many services still do not support multilingual identifiers). The convergence on the importance of robust technical infrastructure was not anticipated given the differing focus of their remarks [26][38-43].
POLICY CONTEXT (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
Reports note that while core protocols for IDNs and internationalised email addresses are technically mature, market-level adoption and interoperability hurdles remain, illustrating the gap between technical readiness and practical deployment [S46][S48][S50].
Overall Assessment

There is strong consensus among the speakers on the value of gratitude, multi‑stakeholder collaboration and the need for a multilingual, universally accessible internet. The co‑moderators and Florence align on acknowledging contributions, while Sarmad and Dr. Hu converge on universal acceptance and multilingualism. The unexpected technical consensus between Florence and Sarmad underscores a shared recognition that technical excellence is a prerequisite for inclusive internet services.

High consensus on collaborative spirit and gratitude; moderate to high consensus on multilingual universal acceptance; the technical readiness consensus, though unexpected, reinforces the overall collaborative agenda and suggests that future actions are likely to receive broad support across stakeholder groups.

Differences
Different Viewpoints
Perceived state of technical implementation of multilingual domain names and email addresses
Speakers: Florence Ranson, Sarmad Hussain
Appreciation of organizing and tech teams for a smooth, hiccup‑free event Importance of enabling domain names and email addresses in all languages and scripts; noting that many services still do not support them
Florence praises the technical team for delivering a two-day event with no technical hiccups, implying the technology worked flawlessly [26]. In contrast, Sarmad points out that despite the existence of standards, many applications and services still fail to accept multilingual domain names and email addresses, highlighting an ongoing technical gap [35-37]. This creates a tension between the claim of a flawless technical execution and the reality of broader service incompatibilities.
POLICY CONTEXT (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
Analyses of IDN and multilingual email deployment reveal mixed perceptions: technical standards exist, yet many services still lack full support, a tension reflected in IGF surveys and universal-acceptance assessments [S46][S48][S49][S50].
Unexpected Differences
Contradiction between a claim of flawless technical delivery and the acknowledgment of widespread service incompatibilities
Speakers: Florence Ranson, Sarmad Hussain
Appreciation of organizing and tech teams for a smooth, hiccup‑free event Importance of enabling domain names and email addresses in all languages and scripts; noting that many services still do not support them
It is unexpected that Florence declares the event proceeded without any technical hiccups [26], yet Sarmad later describes a systemic technical shortfall where many online services cannot handle multilingual identifiers, which is a core component of the event’s thematic focus on universal acceptance [35-37]. This juxtaposition was not anticipated given the earlier praise of the tech team.
POLICY CONTEXT (KNOWLEDGE BASE)
While some stakeholders assert that the technical work for universal acceptance is complete, evidence of email-server blocks, parsing failures (e.g., Gmail’s Thai address issue), and inconsistent handling of IDNs demonstrates persistent incompatibilities across the ecosystem [S46][S48][S49].
Overall Assessment

The discussion was largely harmonious, with speakers focusing on gratitude, collaboration and shared objectives such as multilingual internet access and bridging digital divides. The only notable tension concerns the perceived completeness of technical implementation: Florence’s claim of a hiccup‑free event contrasts with Sarmad’s highlighting of persistent service incompatibilities. Additionally, Sarmad and Dr. Hu agree on the end goal but propose different primary pathways—technical system updates versus broad partnership mobilisation.

Low to moderate. The disagreement does not undermine the overall consensus on the importance of universal acceptance and inclusive digital futures, but it signals a need to align perceptions of technical readiness with the practical challenges identified by stakeholders.

Partial Agreements
Both speakers share the overarching goal of a multilingual, inclusive internet that bridges digital divides. Sarmad focuses on technical actions—organizations updating their systems and raising awareness through Universal Acceptance Day [38-43]—while Dr. Hu emphasizes broader partnership and policy mobilisation, calling European governments, civil society and the private sector to collaborate with UNESCO [59-60]. The difference lies in the primary mechanism (technical system upgrades vs multi‑stakeholder partnership and policy advocacy).
Speakers: Sarmad Hussain, Dr. Xianhong Hu
Importance of enabling domain names and email addresses in all languages and scripts Invitation to European stakeholders to join UNESCO in bridging the digital divide and promoting universal acceptance
Takeaways
Key takeaways
The event concluded with extensive acknowledgments, highlighting the multi‑stakeholder collaboration among EuroDIG, EURID, sponsors, organizers, tech team, and participants. A central theme was the importance of multilingual Internet access, specifically the need for universal acceptance of domain names and email addresses in all languages and scripts. UNESCO emphasized its 25th anniversary of the Information for All programme, reaffirming its commitment to inclusive knowledge societies and inviting European stakeholders to partner in bridging the digital divide.
Resolutions and action items
Participants, especially organizations from the public sector, academia, civil society, and the tech community, are urged to audit and update their systems to accept multilingual domain names and email addresses (Universal Acceptance). ICANN and UNESCO will continue to promote awareness through events such as Universal Acceptance Day and encourage collaboration on inclusive digital policies. UNESCO extends an invitation to European governments, private sector, and other stakeholders to join its initiatives on universal acceptance and multilingual digital inclusion.
Unresolved issues
Many existing online services (social media, e‑commerce platforms, government portals) still do not support domain names and email addresses in local languages and scripts. No concrete timeline or coordinated plan was presented for achieving full universal acceptance across all applications. Further details on how the partnership between UNESCO, ICANN, EuroDIG, and European stakeholders will be operationalised remain unspecified.
Suggested compromises
None identified
Thought Provoking Comments
When we talk about Internet access globally we live in a very multilingual world. The community has led the effort, the technical community has developed standards and now it’s possible to have domain names and email addresses in all the different languages and scripts.
Introduces the concept of multilingual Internet access and the technical achievement of Internationalised Domain Names (IDNs) and email addresses, framing the discussion around a concrete, globally relevant challenge.
Shifts the conversation from a purely celebratory closing to a substantive policy issue. It opens a new topic—universal acceptance of multilingual identifiers—that later speakers expand upon, prompting a deeper analysis of implementation gaps.
Speaker: Sarmad Hussain
Even though these technologies exist, many services—social media, e‑commerce, government portals—remain unavailable to people using local‑language domain names and email addresses. We need to work together to make sure they work everywhere.
Highlights the implementation gap between technical standards and real‑world usability, challenging the assumption that the problem is solved by standards alone.
Creates a turning point by moving the dialogue from celebration of achievements to a call for coordinated action. It prompts listeners to consider practical steps, setting the stage for the introduction of “Universal Acceptance Day.”
Speaker: Sarmad Hussain
We call them Universal Acceptance Day. All domain names and all email addresses should work with all applications. We ask technology developers, public‑sector, academia and civil‑society to play their role.
Provides a concrete initiative and a rallying point for the community, turning abstract concerns into an actionable event and shared responsibility.
Steers the discussion toward collective responsibility and future collaboration, reinforcing the multi‑stakeholder theme and preparing the audience for the UNESCO partnership message that follows.
Speaker: Sarmad Hussain
This year marks the 25th anniversary of UNESCO’s Information for All programme, which works in six priority areas—information for development, accessibility, literacy, ethics, preservation and multilingualism in cyberspace. It offers a key opportunity to revitalize the programme and re‑imagine inclusive knowledge societies in the digital and AI age.
Places the conference’s themes within a broader, long‑term strategic framework and introduces the AI era as a new dimension, expanding the scope of the conversation beyond the event itself.
Broadens the discussion from immediate technical challenges to a visionary outlook, encouraging participants to think about future policy directions and the role of UNESCO in shaping them.
Speaker: Dr. Xianhong Hu
We invite all European stakeholders—governments, technical community, civil society, academia, private sector—to join UNESCO in bridging global digital divides, promoting universal acceptance and shaping truly multilingual and inclusive futures.
Acts as a powerful call‑to‑action that unites diverse actors around a common goal, reinforcing the multi‑stakeholder collaboration highlighted earlier in the session.
Transforms the closing remarks into a forward‑looking pledge, cementing the partnership narrative and encouraging participants to continue collaboration beyond the conference.
Speaker: Dr. Xianhong Hu
If there is a proof of multi‑stakeholder and collaborative achievement then it’s this conference Eurodig; our institutional partner EURID hosts it only once every ten years.
Emphasizes the rarity and significance of the event as a concrete example of successful multi‑stakeholder cooperation, underscoring the value of the gathering itself.
Reinforces the theme of collaboration just before the substantive technical discussion, setting a positive tone that frames the subsequent calls for action as part of an already proven collaborative model.
Speaker: Regina (co‑moderator)
Overall Assessment

The discussion began as a routine closing with thanks, but pivotal comments—especially from Sarmad Hussain and Dr. Xianhong Hu—shifted the tone toward substantive, forward‑looking issues. Sarmad introduced the universal acceptance challenge, exposing a gap between standards and real‑world use and launching a concrete initiative (Universal Acceptance Day). This reframed the conversation from celebration to collective responsibility. Dr. Hu then expanded the scope, linking the conference themes to UNESCO’s 25‑year mission and the emerging AI context, and issued a broad call to action for all European stakeholders. Regina’s reminder of the event’s unique multi‑stakeholder nature provided a contextual anchor, reinforcing that the collaborative model needed to address the challenges highlighted. Together, these comments transformed a procedural wrap‑up into a strategic launchpad, deepening the dialogue, introducing new topics, and galvanizing participants toward continued cooperation.

Follow-up Questions
How can organizations ensure their websites accept multilingual domain names and email addresses?
Sarmad highlighted that many services still do not support local‑language domain names and email addresses, indicating a need to verify and adapt website infrastructure.
Speaker: Sarmad Hussain
What steps are required to update email services to support internationalized domain names and email addresses?
He noted that email services often remain incompatible with IDNs, suggesting a need for technical upgrades and policy changes.
Speaker: Sarmad Hussain
What are effective strategies for raising awareness and promoting Universal Acceptance among stakeholders?
Sarmad mentioned organizing events like Universal Acceptance Day, implying a need to explore outreach methods and their impact.
Speaker: Sarmad Hussain
What barriers prevent the use of local‑language domain names and email addresses in e‑commerce, social media, and government services, and how can they be overcome?
He pointed out that many applications still reject IDNs, indicating a research gap on specific technical and regulatory obstacles.
Speaker: Sarmad Hussain
How can the compliance of various applications with Universal Acceptance be measured and monitored?
The discussion of a universal acceptance challenge suggests the need for metrics and monitoring frameworks.
Speaker: Sarmad Hussain
How should UNESCO’s Information for All programme be revitalized to address the digital and AI age?
Dr. Hu called for reimagining inclusive knowledge societies, indicating a need for strategic research on program adaptation.
Speaker: Dr. Xianhong Hu
What concrete actions can European governments, technical community, civil society, academia, and private sector take to join UNESCO in bridging the global digital divide?
She invited stakeholders to collaborate, highlighting a need for actionable road‑maps and partnership models.
Speaker: Dr. Xianhong Hu
How can the impact of partnerships and universal acceptance initiatives be evaluated to ensure they lead to truly multilingual and inclusive futures?
Her call for joint efforts implies a need for impact assessment research.
Speaker: Dr. Xianhong Hu

Disclaimer: This is not an official session record. DiploAI generates these resources from audiovisual recordings, and they are presented as-is, including potential errors. Due to logistical challenges, such as discrepancies in audio/video or transcripts, names may be misspelled. We strive for accuracy to the best of our ability.