WSIS Forum 2026
Rapport généré par l'IA

Beyond the Access Gap: Gendered Realities of Digital Inclusion in Africa with Preuves from Four Countries

4 intervenants
Résumé

Résumé

Cette discussion a porté sur la recherche « Beyond Access » consacrée à la manière dont les personnes, en particulier les femmes, utilisent internet après avoir obtenu un accès au réseau dans quatre pays africains : le Nigeria, le Ghana, l’Éthiopie et l’Ouganda. La modératrice, Liz Orembo, a expliqué que Research ICT Africa mène des enquêtes auprès des ménages « après l’accès » afin de comprendre l’usage d’internet, les inégalités et les obstacles, et la session présentait une analyse récente du genre dans ces quatre pays.

Le Prof. Kola Ijasan a indiqué que les résultats 2024 sur l’après-accès s’inscrivent dans un programme d’enquêtes de longue durée mené à travers l’Afrique depuis plus de deux décennies, et que cette vague examinait la relation entre le genre et les technologies numériques dans les quatre pays. Il a ajouté que la recherche utilisait des méthodes mixtes, se concentrait sur les personnels de santé, les enseignants, les jeunes adultes et les entrepreneurs, et s’appuyait délibérément sur des équipes de terrain entièrement féminines afin d’instaurer la confiance et de permettre des réponses plus libres.

Les résultats par pays ont montré des schémas d’exclusion différents mais liés. Au Nigeria, les femmes ont signalé une surveillance en ligne plus forte ainsi que des obstacles pratiques, tels que les coupures d’électricité, qui affectaient l’usage des appareils. Au Ghana, la recherche a mis en évidence des disparités géographiques et de revenus, des capacités limitées des appareils et une « pauvreté en temps », les charges domestiques réduisant l’activité des femmes en ligne.

L’Ouganda s’est distingué par une forte participation des femmes au mobile money et par une résilience économique collective, bien que la possession d’un téléphone et la couverture restent des facteurs déterminants, en particulier pour les agentes de santé dans les zones reculées. L’Éthiopie a mis en lumière un accès fragile dans un contexte post-conflit, des coûts de données relativement élevés, des pratiques de connectivité intermittente et des limites à la vie privée et à l’autonomie des femmes dans l’usage des appareils. Dans l’ensemble des quatre pays, Ijasan a relevé des obstacles communs, notamment les contraintes financières, la sécurité et le harcèlement, le contrôle d’accès et les lacunes en matière d’infrastructures, tout en soulignant également des possibilités offertes par les modèles collectifs, le renforcement informel des compétences, les services publics numériques et les outils financiers intégrés.

Thobekile Matimbe a soutenu qu’une approche fondée sur les droits doit aller au-delà de la simple connectivité pour viser une participation significative des femmes, en insistant sur le fait que celles-ci évitent souvent de s’exprimer en ligne ou s’autocensurent en raison des risques pour leur sécurité et des violences fondées sur le genre facilitées par la technologie. Elle a déclaré que les gouvernements et les communautés devraient donner la priorité à la sécurité et s’attaquer aux causes profondes afin que les femmes puissent participer en ligne dans la dignité. Esther Nyapendi a convenu que les réseaux informels de pairs constituent souvent le principal moyen par lequel les femmes en Ouganda développent des compétences numériques, parce qu’ils reposent sur la confiance, une langue partagée et l’expérience locale. Elle a affirmé que les interventions formelles sont les plus efficaces lorsqu’elles renforcent ces réseaux plutôt qu’elles ne les remplacent, par exemple en formant des femmes référentes au niveau local et en traitant les nouvelles formes d’exclusion liées aux technologies émergentes et aux abus en ligne. La session a conclu que les technologies numériques ne créent pas à elles seules les inégalités de genre, mais qu’elles reflètent et amplifient souvent les inégalités existantes hors ligne, ce qui rend essentielles des réponses sensibles au contexte, ancrées dans les communautés et centrées sur la sécurité.

Points clés

- L’objectif principal de la session était de présenter la recherche « After Access » sur la manière dont les personnes, en particulier les femmes, utilisent internet après avoir été connectées, avec une analyse de genre couvrant le Nigeria, le Ghana, l’Éthiopie et l’Ouganda ; le projet vise à identifier les différences d’usage, les obstacles et les évolutions dans le temps entre les pays. - Research ICT Africa a présenté l’étude comme faisant partie d’un programme de recherche de longue durée, pertinent pour les politiques publiques, sur l’équité numérique, les indicateurs de l’économie numérique, et des questions connexes telles que l’IA, la gouvernance des données et l’infrastructure publique numérique ; les intervenants ont souligné que la recherche est destinée à éclairer les politiques relatives au haut débit, à l’accessibilité financière et à l’inclusion, plutôt qu’à simplement être publiée sur un site web. - La présentation a mis en lumière des résultats propres à chaque pays montrant que les expériences numériques des femmes diffèrent selon les contextes : au Nigeria, les femmes faisaient face à une surveillance sociale accrue en ligne et à des obstacles liés à l’électricité ; au Ghana, les disparités de revenus, des appareils moins performants et la pauvreté en temps limitaient la participation des femmes en ligne ; en Ouganda, les femmes montraient un usage important du mobile money et une forte résilience économique collective ; et en Éthiopie, les coûts élevés des données, un accès post-conflit fragile et les limites à l’autonomie et à la vie privée des femmes constituaient des obstacles majeurs. - Un argument transversal majeur était que les technologies numériques n’avaient pas créé les inégalités de genre, mais qu’elles reflétaient et intensifiaient souvent des inégalités déjà présentes hors ligne ; les obstacles communs incluaient les contraintes financières, la sécurité et le harcèlement, le contrôle d’accès et les lacunes en matière d’infrastructures, tandis que les opportunités incluaient les modèles collectifs, le développement informel des compétences numériques, la numérisation des services publics et l’inclusion financière numérique. - La discussion s’est ensuite déplacée des résultats de recherche vers leur interprétation et leur mise en pratique : Thobekile Matimbe a soutenu qu’un cadre de droits numériques doit aller au-delà de la simple connectivité pour garantir une participation significative et sûre, en particulier parce que les femmes peuvent s’autocensurer ou éviter d’être en ligne en raison des violences fondées sur le genre facilitées par la technologie ; Esther Nyapendi a insisté sur le fait que les réseaux informels de pairs constituent souvent le principal moyen par lequel les femmes développent des compétences numériques en Ouganda et que les programmes formels devraient renforcer, et non remplacer, ces structures communautaires de confiance.

Objectif global : L’objectif global de la discussion était de partager des données probantes issues d’une recherche africaine transnationale sur les expériences numériques vécues par les femmes après l’accès, d’identifier les obstacles structurels et sociaux qui affectent un usage significatif d’internet, et de dégager des réponses pratiques et orientées vers les politiques publiques, à la fois du point de vue de la recherche et des droits numériques.

Tonalité générale : La tonalité a été professionnelle, collaborative et informative tout au long de la discussion, avec une forte orientation vers les politiques publiques et le plaidoyer. Elle a commencé comme une introduction formelle à une session de recherche, a évolué vers une présentation fondée sur les données et analytique, puis est devenue plus réflexive et normative à mesure que les panélistes abordaient les droits, la sécurité et les solutions portées par les communautés. Le ton est également devenu légèrement plus urgent et orienté vers l’action lors des échanges sur les préjudices en ligne, l’exclusion et la nécessité d’un changement structurel, avant de se conclure sur une brève note finale cordiale et pratique.

Intervenants

- Mme Liz Orembo - Modératrice ; de Research ICT Africa, un groupe de réflexion opérant à travers l’Afrique ; basée à Nairobi ; impliquée dans la recherche sur la transformation numérique, la connectivité internet, l’IA, la gouvernance des données, l’intégrité de l’information, ainsi que dans des travaux connexes de politique publique et de renforcement des capacités. - Mme Esther Nyapendi - Informaticienne basée en Ouganda ; travaille avec Women of Uganda Network ; se concentre sur l’inclusion numérique, les droits liés au genre, le plaidoyer numérique, et l’autonomisation des femmes, des filles et des groupes minoritaires pour accéder à la technologie et l’utiliser. - Mme Thobekile Matimbe - De Paradigm Initiative ; travaille sur les droits numériques et l’inclusion numérique à travers l’Afrique ; documente les violences fondées sur le genre facilitées par la technologie. Dans la session, elle est présentée comme Senior Programmes and Partnerships and Engagement Manager chez Paradigm Initiative. - Prof. Kola Ijasan - Directeur de la recherche à Research ICT Africa ; a présenté les résultats de l’enquête After Access couvrant l’Éthiopie, le Ghana, le Nigeria et l’Ouganda. Intervenants supplémentaires : - Aucun intervenant supplémentaire identifié dans la discussion.

Intervenants
ML
Ms. Liz Orembo
111 wpm · 11 min
PK
Prof. Kola Ijasan
150 wpm · 19 min
MT
Ms. Thobekile Matimbe
155 wpm · 5 min
ME
Ms. Esther Nyapendi
126 wpm · 7 min

La session, intitulée « Beyond Access », s’est concentrée sur la recherche « After Access » de Research ICT Africa et sur ce qui se passe après que les personnes sont connectées à l’internet. Liz Orembo a expliqué que le projet examine comment les gens utilisent réellement l’internet, quelles différences existent entre les groupes et quels obstacles subsistent même là où la couverture est disponible. Elle a indiqué que la dernière analyse de genre portait sur le Nigeria, le Ghana, l’Éthiopie et l’Ouganda, et que des études de deuxième cycle étaient en cours au Rwanda et au Kenya, permettant une comparaison dans le temps plutôt qu’un simple instantané ponctuel. Orembo a également présenté Research ICT Africa comme un groupe de réflexion dont le siège est au Cap, travaillant sur la transformation numérique, la connectivité à internet, l’IA, la gouvernance des données et l’intégrité de l’information, avec du personnel travaillant à distance à travers l’Afrique, notamment depuis Nairobi et par l’intermédiaire d’associés dans différents pays. Le panel a réuni des perspectives de recherche, de droits et de communauté. Orembo a présenté Thobekile Matimbe de Paradigm Initiative, qui travaille à travers l’Afrique sur les droits numériques et l’inclusion numérique, y compris la documentation des violences fondées sur le genre facilitées par la technologie. Esther Nyapendi s’est présentée comme spécialiste des technologies de l’information au Women of Uganda Network, avec un accent sur l’inclusion numérique, les droits de genre, le plaidoyer numérique, et l’autonomisation des femmes, des filles et des groupes minoritaires par l’accès à la technologie et le renforcement des capacités qui l’entoure. Le Prof. Kola Ijasan a ensuite présenté les principales conclusions. Il a indiqué que la série d’enquêtes After Access avait commencé en 2002 et se poursuivait désormais depuis plus de deux décennies à travers l’Afrique. Dans ce cycle, l’étude a examiné le genre et les technologies numériques en Éthiopie, au Ghana, au Nigeria et en Ouganda dans le cadre des travaux plus larges de Research ICT Africa sur l’équité numérique, l’égalité, les données et l’IA au sein de son pilier de recherche sur l’économie numérique et les indicateurs. Il a souligné que la recherche vise à éclairer les décideurs politiques, les régulateurs et d’autres responsables, et a déclaré qu’elle avait contribué aux travaux sur les politiques de large bande et d’accessibilité financière de l’internet, les plans nationaux pour le haut débit, les stratégies d’inclusion numérique, ainsi que les politiques d’éducation et de compétences. Ijasan a indiqué que l’étude s’était concentrée sur quatre groupes cibles : les agents de santé, les enseignants, les jeunes adolescents âgés de 18 à 19 ans, et les entrepreneurs.

Il a décrit ce travail comme une méthode mixte, combinant entretiens et groupes de discussion, recherchant un équilibre géographique au-delà des capitales, et utilisant une approche intersectionnelle incluant les personnes handicapées et les femmes vivant dans des zones reculées. Il a également souligné que l’équipe de terrain composée de collectrices de données, d’enquêtrices et d’intervieweuses était constituée de femmes, ce qui, selon lui, a contribué à instaurer la confiance et permis aux personnes interrogées de s’exprimer plus librement dans des contextes sensibles.

Au Nigeria, Ijasan a déclaré que les femmes signalaient une surveillance plus étroite de leur comportement en ligne que les hommes. Il a donné l’exemple selon lequel, si une femme restait trop longtemps sur son téléphone, son comportement pouvait être mis en question. Il a également pointé les coupures d’électricité comme un obstacle pratique à l’utilisation et à la recharge des appareils, et a évoqué le témoignage d’un enseignant ayant dû faire un effort délibéré pour comprendre les habitudes d’apprentissage sur téléphone de ses élèves. Au Ghana, il a fait état de disparités entre le nord et le sud, les zones à plus faibles revenus et plus éloignées étant confrontées à des conditions d’accès plus faibles. Il a ajouté que de nombreux utilisateurs disposaient d’appareils aux capacités limitées, et que les responsabilités domestiques des femmes réduisaient le temps dont elles disposaient pour être en ligne ou utiliser autant d’applications que les hommes. En Ouganda, Ijasan a décrit un tableau contrasté. Il a indiqué que le pays obtenait des résultats relativement bons en matière de représentation des femmes dans le mobile money, et a mis en avant la résilience économique portée par les femmes ainsi que les modèles de type « women helping women » parmi les entrepreneurs. Dans le même temps, il a déclaré que la possession d’un téléphone et la couverture restaient essentielles, en particulier dans les zones reculées. Dans certains contextes impliquant des agents de santé et des équipes villageoises de santé, il a indiqué que la possession d’un téléphone était devenue pratiquement indispensable pour la communication et la coordination locale des services de santé. En Éthiopie, il a décrit un « accès fragile » façonné par le coût relativement élevé des données et leur rareté. Il a expliqué que les femmes activaient et désactivaient souvent les données pour économiser de l’argent, et a cité des problèmes de vie privée et d’autonomie, notamment l’exemple d’une entrepreneure dont le mari contrôlait certains aspects du téléphone et lui apprenait à utiliser les applications. En réunissant les cas nationaux, Ijasan a indiqué qu’aucun pays ne donnait les meilleurs résultats sur toutes les dimensions, mais que des obstacles communs apparaissaient dans les quatre contextes. Ceux-ci comprenaient les contraintes financières, l’insécurité et le harcèlement, la surveillance sociale excessive des femmes et des filles, les restrictions imposées au temps d’écran des filles par rapport aux garçons, les pratiques de gatekeeping exercées par les personnes qui contrôlaient les appareils ou la vie privée, ainsi que les lacunes en infrastructures dans les zones où la connectivité était la plus nécessaire. Il a également mis en avant des opportunités, notamment la mise en commun de ressources et le soutien mutuel entre femmes, l’apprentissage informel via des plateformes telles que YouTube et WhatsApp, les services publics numériques qui réduisent les longs déplacements, et les outils financiers numériques qui peuvent renforcer l’autonomie des femmes lorsqu’ils sont liés à des modèles d’épargne communautaire. Ses recommandations comprenaient la réduction des coûts d’infrastructure et de connectivité, le renforcement de la sécurité numérique, l’amélioration de la conception des services prenant en compte le handicap, l’intégration de fonctionnalités hors ligne dans les applications et les systèmes, ainsi que le renforcement de la sensibilisation communautaire, y compris auprès des hommes, afin que l’usage de la technologie par les femmes soit mieux soutenu. Dans son interprétation finale, Ijasan a soutenu que les technologies numériques ne créaient pas les inégalités de genre, mais reflétaient et amplifiaient souvent des inégalités déjà existantes hors ligne. Il a déclaré que les désavantages déjà subis par les filles, les femmes entrepreneures et d’autres femmes dans des contextes non numériques étaient souvent intensifiés dans les contextes numériques. En ouvrant la discussion, Orembo a résumé la recherche comme montrant ce que les gens font après avoir obtenu une couverture et a mis en avant les modèles collectifs, la formation informelle et les services publics numériques comme des voies prometteuses pour amener davantage de femmes en ligne. Elle a ensuite demandé à Thobekile Matimbe en quoi le langage des droits numériques était insuffisant lorsque des femmes techniquement connectées rationnent encore leurs données, partagent des appareils, et restent moins visibles en ligne en raison du coût et des préoccupations de sécurité. Matimbe a répondu qu’un changement structurel plus large était nécessaire, mais aussi que les normes existantes en matière de droits humains couvraient déjà cette question si l’accès était correctement compris. En s’appuyant sur le langage du WSIS, elle a soutenu que la participation effective des femmes à l’ère numérique exige un accès complet, et pas seulement une connexion nominale, et a déclaré qu’on ne peut pas dire que les femmes aient un accès complet si elles utilisent encore les technologies numériques « par procuration » au moyen des appareils d’autres personnes, d’autorisations ou d’une médiation. Elle a également déclaré que certaines femmes choisissent de ne pas être en ligne parce qu’elles n’y voient pas un espace sûr, reliant cela aux travaux de Paradigm Initiative sur les violences fondées sur le genre facilitées par la technologie et au sentiment de dignité des femmes en ligne. Son accent politique portait sur la sécurité, et elle a appelé à une approche à 360 degrés impliquant le gouvernement ainsi que les responsables culturels et religieux. Orembo s’est ensuite tournée vers Esther Nyapendi pour l’interroger sur la conclusion selon laquelle les femmes développent souvent leurs compétences numériques grâce à des réseaux informels de pairs. Nyapendi s’est dite tout à fait d’accord, affirmant que dans de nombreuses communautés ougandaises, ces réseaux de pairs constituent l'architecture primaire par laquelle les femmes acquièrent et entretiennent des compétences numériques. Elle a expliqué que la technologie arrive souvent plus vite que la formation formelle, de sorte que les femmes apprennent de leurs voisines, commerçantes et paires à envoyer de l’argent mobile, enregistrer des contacts, utiliser WhatsApp et envoyer des messages audio. Elle a indiqué que ces échanges fonctionnent parce qu’ils reposent sur la confiance et une langue partagée, et que les femmes les utilisent aussi pour accéder à l’information et aux services publics. Nyapendi a ajouté que ces systèmes entre pairs peuvent être dépassés par l’évolution technologique, en particulier à mesure qu’émergent l’IA et d’autres nouveaux outils. Elle a décrit le programme « Bolts » de WOGNET dans le nord de l’Ouganda, qui fait appel à des facilitateurs externes et à des femmes référentes formées pour approfondir les compétences communautaires existantes plutôt que de les remplacer. Elle a déclaré que les programmes formels devraient s’appuyer sur les connaissances déjà présentes dans les communautés, tout en répondant aux préoccupations de protection telles que les violences fondées sur le genre facilitées par la technologie. Dans ses remarques finales, Orembo est revenue à l’objectif plus large d’After Access. Elle a expliqué que la recherche examine non seulement les expériences des femmes mais, plus largement, la manière dont les personnes accèdent à l’internet et l’utilisent après la connexion, afin d’identifier différentes inégalités et interventions possibles. Elle a également noté que ce travail est mené avec des organisations partenaires en Amérique latine et en Asie, ce qui permet de comparer les méthodologies et les questions contextuelles à travers le Sud global. La session s’est achevée par de brefs remerciements et une invitation à poursuivre la conversation ensuite. Dans l’ensemble, la discussion a constamment soutenu que les seuls indicateurs d’accès sont insuffisants. À travers les résultats de la recherche et les réponses apportées, les intervenants ont souligné que l’inclusion numérique dépend de ce que les personnes sont capables de faire après avoir été connectées, et que les expériences des femmes sont façonnées par des enjeux imbriqués de coût, d’infrastructure, de qualité des appareils, de temps, de vie privée, de contrôle social et de sécurité.

La principale conclusion de la session a été que les technologies numériques intensifient souvent des inégalités déjà présentes hors ligne, et que les réponses doivent donc combiner une baisse des coûts et de meilleures infrastructures avec des environnements numériques plus sûrs et des formes communautaires d’apprentissage et de soutien.

Ms. Liz Orembo
Hello, can you all hear me? Nice. Recording in progress. Sorry for the background noise that's coming on the registration side, but this is session 162, Beyond Access. And in this session, we are going to share research from Nigeria, Ghana, Ethiopia, and what's the other one? And Uganda. So this is after access research where we do conduct household survey to see how people use the Internet after you're connected. And it tells us a lot of insights on how people use the Internet, whether there are differentiation, what kinds of gaps. that they are facing. So we did gender analysis on these four countries recently, and we are continuing to do others. Currently we are doing the after -access household research in Rwanda and Kenya, and these are not first rounds. These are second rounds. So they are also able to give us comparative data, like to see how countries have fared, let's say, from three years, behind six years, and all that. So thank you very much. I'll do a brief introduction for my panelists. We have two online, and we have two here. We are waiting for one who confused the venues and is coming from Palexpo. But my name is Liz Orembo. I'll be your moderator from Research ICT Africa. Research ICT Africa is a think tank operating in Africa. We are headquartered in Cape Town, but many of us are working remotely all over Africa. So I am based in Nairobi, a team of three based in Nairobi, with associates in different countries in Africa who also help us do this after access surveys. We deal with digital transformation, loss of research, loss of capacity building for policymakers. And our programmatic areas run through internet connectivity. The other thing is AI, digital transformation in the AI, data governance, information integrity, and many other areas that intersect that. Like I said, we have four panelists, and I'd like to introduce them. One of them is Thobekile Matimbe. From Paradigm Initiative, would you like to introduce yourself?
Ms. Thobekile Matimbe
Good morning everyone my name is Thobekile Matimbe and I work for an organization called Paradigm Initiative which is an organization that's working across the African continent promoting digital rights and digital inclusion and we have also been documenting what's happening especially around technology facilitated gender based violence and some of the impacts and yeah it's a good opportunity for us to unpack the research I said the Africa report or survey that touches on various countries that we've also been monitoring so it's a pleasure to be here thanks a lot Liz.
Ms. Liz Orembo
Thank you Thobekile and I'd like now to focus on our online participants our online panelists Kola our research director will introduce himself and then he will present the research from these countries but first of all do we have Esther Nyapendi, Esther please unmute and introduce yourself. Meanwhile, let me ask Kola to enlarge, make your presentation full screen so that you can see it in the room. Thank you.
Ms. Esther Nyapendi
Can you hear me?
Ms. Liz Orembo
Loud and clear, we can hear you.
Ms. Esther Nyapendi
Yes, good morning from Uganda Once again, please share. My name is Esther Nyapendi and I am based in Uganda I am an information technologist and currently working with Women of Uganda Network and my focus is mainly on digital inclusion, gender rights and digital advocacy and that is technically what I do at Women of Uganda Network but also my work spans around empowering women and girls as well as minority groups to access and use technology and that comes in handy with capacity building on digital rights and gender. I think I hold a Master's in Information Systems and I'm very excited to be part of this conversation. Back to you, Liz.
Ms. Liz Orembo
Thank you, Esther. Esther is from Women of Uganda Network. We'll be helping her to respond or react to some of the insights that we'll have here. And then we have Professor Kola Idjasan. Please introduce yourself and then we'll start the presentation.
Prof. Kola Ijasan
Good morning, everyone. My name is Kola Idjasan and I'm the Research Director at Research ICT Africa. I would like to call ourselves RIA, R -I -A, just to shorten the mouthful.
Ms. Liz Orembo
Just before Kola, sorry, please make your presentation full screen. Because it's very tiny and it also has a full screen.
Prof. Kola Ijasan
Is it full screen now?
Ms. Liz Orembo
Yes, thanks.
Prof. Kola Ijasan
Okay then, no worries about that Yeah, thank you very much and thanks to all the panelists and thanks to everyone joining us either remotely or wherever else you are joining us Yeah, I think I've just been told that I only have like 10 minutes for this presentation but I would further you know introduce this rec and I think a little bit of me would come out in the course of the presentation. Otherwise, I'm happy to meet everyone and I wish everybody a very good session going forward Liz, can I start the presentation actually or is there anyone else?
Ms. Liz Orembo
Yes, please, you can go.
Prof. Kola Ijasan
Oh, okay So thanks everyone for joining us. Today we'll be presenting our after access um We present the findings from our after access survey, the last one which was in 2024. We normally do this after access surveys across very many countries. It's been over two decades in the making. So we have these long -term surveys that we've been conducting all over Africa. The first ones were in 2002, which is about 24 years ago. And over the years, it's evolved in its focus, in its level of importance even. In this last round, we did more than what we normally do because normally it would be a quantitative survey that focuses on household interactions and how people use ICT within a different household or as individuals. But in this last couple of rounds, over four countries, what we've done is we've done a lot of research. One is that we've looked at the relationship between gender and digital technologies. And we have four countries that we focused on Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Uganda. Like I said, we'd like to call ourselves RIA and that's RIA. Our main vision is also to advance digital equity, equality data and AI sources all across Africa. We're based in South Africa, principally, but we have offices in Nairobi, in Johannesburg and in Cape Town. And across these three offices, we have very many country partners. So, when we are working in a particular country, usually we would have a country partner that helps us achieve the vision and mission of that particular research. As a research think tank, we try to sub -categorize our research areas into some research pillars that we otherwise call programmatic themes on our website. These are the five programmatic pillars or themes, as you may. In relation to our work. The one that we presented today, which is called the After Access, falls within the digital economy and indicators research pillar. Under this pillar, After Access, there is another research called the Ramp Index that sits on this pillar also, which is something that tries to, it's a compilation of data sets across all of Africa, and it tries to show us the state of digital access and affordability across households all across Africa. Otherwise, we have AI and advanced tech. In this one, we talk about the developmental implications of AI across Africa. We have data policy and governance. We have a new one called the Digital Public Infrastructure, which is about research into the design governance of DPI systems. And we have information integrity. And we have a new one called the Digital Public Infrastructure, as another research pillar. So research around these pillars, we try to subcategorize them together. as I've mentioned over the last 22 years it has been that we've done this research across Africa so we know Africa as much as we can say and from the map it looks like we've focused on sub -Saharan Africa yes that's a reality but today we are talking about the gender studies work which we did in Ethiopia, Kenya sorry in Ethiopia, Uganda Nigeria and Ghana we've seen the importance of our work across very many policies and we find this research to be one of the most impactful research that we actually conduct at TRIA we've seen our work being used in broadband and internet affordability policies all across Africa, national broadband plans, digital inclusion strategies so are we you know we always consultation, well, various government agencies, regulatory bodies are always in consultation with us. We sit on very many boards all across Africa. And very importantly is our capacity building research area where we see that so many of our researchers influence education and skills policies also all across Africa. I guess what I'm trying to say is that this work doesn't just sit on our website or just sit in small rooms. When we are making these presentations, we try our best to ensure that the right people are in the room and that the impact of what we are doing moves beyond just data collection and analysis. For this research, we focus on four subsections of the population. We looked at healthcare workers, nurses mostly. We looked at teachers, young adolescents, and we looked at entrepreneurs generally across these four contexts. One of the things that stood out for me very much nicely in the course of collecting this data is that the actual data collectors, the enumerators, or the interviewers, as you may, were all women. So it gave these respondents the freedom to express themselves freely, you know, because there's something called axiology in research. There was no tension in the room. The interviewees were very free to express themselves and just tell us exactly what it is that they were feeling across these four countries. The objectives of these studies are here. It's also on our website. It's for us to want to know the institutional trends across these four countries because we've chosen four countries that are not, where they're all within Africa, but the dynamics are different. So we wanted to know the institutional trends, the pathway potentials, to see how do people decide on what they do and how they do what they do, and ultimately to look at the concept of gender equality. it's a tricky one that we are looking at gender equality when we are not really focusing on men but we just wanted to know the live realities of the women that we are interviewing the methodology apart from the fact that the interviewees were all women we made sure that it was a multi -method integration in a way so there were some interviews there were some focus groups we tried to give it some geographical balance so we didn't just focus on one particular location in the city maybe we just sit in Accra, for Ghana we didn't do that we went as wide as possible across every country that we did the place of validation was such that like I said all female we had an all female free research team So there was trust, there was access, and even in some social cultural settings, as you would appreciate Africa being a very cultural area, it was easier for women to talk to women. And we gave it like an intersectional lens. So we just didn't look at the easy to reach people. We tried to look at some people, even people with disabilities, people that are in remote areas, as the case may be. So I would just like to go through an eye level of all of these countries. So at the top of the screen, top right, it shows some of the areas that we worked in all of these countries. So, for example, in Nigeria, we went all around the country. And one of the things that we found in Nigeria is that women face an IT scrutiny online. So. So it wasn't the same for men and women, or at least from the women's experiences, they were saying that. whenever a woman does something online there is a bigger expectation there is a bigger scrutiny if you are staying too long on your phone there is something that people start looking at you, why are you always on your phone or something like that there is a problem constant power outage it's not easier for women to access power even though you might assume that electricity is just there for everyone but the reality is that in the case of some Nigerian women it's not easy for you to say your phone is off and you want to go touch next to your neighbour we had that as a problem we were not as a challenge rather and I'll leave you here with some two quotes one from a young person we couldn't go beyond below age 18 for ethical reasons so when we say this adolescents they were usually people within the ages of 18 and 19 usually and a few quotes, I would like to start with the one that we saw from one of the teachers where these participants from the South -South side when they started teaching, they didn't start with a phone, they started with a computer and it was after their secondary school that the computers became something, you know, they remember how things had evolved over the years, so in their own teaching experience, what they're trying to say is that they struggle to understand the students that they're teaching because they're from two different backgrounds and even probably two different generations, so they were eager to know what was going on, they had to dedicate time for knowledge collection in their own time but what they are seeing in the classrooms are like students are there in real time collecting this knowledge in real time, which is something that, you know, was fascinating.
Ms. Liz Orembo
Kola, I hate to say it, but you have only four minutes. If you can go through other countries, high level, yeah.
Prof. Kola Ijasan
Yeah. In the case of Ghana, it's similar to what we saw in Nigeria. And in this case, we were seeing that there is a pattern of access geographically within the north of Ghana where it's more remote and in the south. And we're seeing a lower income. So there's an income disparity that we saw in Ghana. Even from the kind of devices that people use, people are connected, but some of their devices cannot even do so much of what, you know, internet and digital technologies can actually do. So there is something that we found at the core of time poverty where women started domestic boardings as the main reason that it's so important. No. fewer apps than men because there are other things that they need to do so they don't really have time to be online as much as men. That's one of the things that we found in Ghana. Moving on to Uganda. Uganda was doing well. We saw that Uganda did so well. Women have a very high percentage and a very high representation within mobile money. We saw tech -enabled accountability systems and women economic resilience where people come together, entrepreneurs trying to raise themselves, a kind of a thing like we can say women helping women. Economic resilience was very big in Uganda. These are some of the quotes that we found from Uganda. All of them did well. The one I would like to put your eyes on is actually on the healthcare workers. When people go to remote areas, it's a requirement. It's a requirement for them to recruit village help teams who own phones. it becomes not just a good to have as a device. It's actually a need to have because in some of these areas, the only way to communicate and relay information to you is through your phone. So when women find themselves not having the right devices and not having the right coverage, it became increasingly a problem. And lastly, in Ethiopia, Ethiopia gave us a site of post -conflicts and we saw there was fragile access in Ethiopia from the experiences of the women that were being surveyed. For example, data scarcity was something that, yes, when we think about it in, say, nominal prices, Ethiopia actually has a very high data cost relative to the GNI from also our RAND index that we've already seen that. So this forces women to rush. They are internet users, so we see people switching on. data and switching of data and who knows what they miss in the times when data is switched off. They believe that whenever they reconnect their data, they will see all of their missed calls, all of their messages and in their minds it's easier to just go offline and online like that, which is something quite epileptic. Privacy also was a thing because we saw from one of the entrepreneurs saying that her husband showed her how to use the apps because he had the phone thread and he had to explore why he was charging it and things like that. So the autonomy and the independence was something that we also didn't see in Ethiopia as across all the African countries that we saw. So looking at some of the barriers across the four countries, so we are now really looking at one country as doing better than the other. Every country has their own dynamics. Every other country has their own advantages and weaknesses. So financial constraints is something that's caused across women in Africa, as you have seen. Safety and harassment, people over police, women, a girl child isn't allowed as much screen time as a boy child, as we saw. Sponsor gatekeeping, you know, people not having privacy on their phone. We saw the infrastructure gaps where people are still in some areas where they really need to interconnect, you know, connectivity. But unfortunately, those looks like areas where it feels like the people that need it the most are the people that don't get it at all. Looking at some of the opportunities, in this particular situation, we are looking at the opportunities for the women, because this research will turn on the news. We found that there's an opportunity or a potential for collective models, you know, where people can come together to pool resources together, informal skilling. So instead of, you know, people still giving their phones to somebody to show them how to probably send the money, as we saw in the case of Ghana and people being exposed to fraud. You know, if there's some informal skilling opportunities where people can learn how to do things, you know, baking, tailoring, even financial technologies on apps such as YouTube or WhatsApp. We saw that's an opportunity for that. Public service digitalization. So many things, instead of having to go 30 kilometers away to get some things that could be done online done, it really helped women. And we saw that, you know, it looks like maybe more women actually. And save more than men in terms of this. And there are very many financial options available to people digitally. that integrating digital banking and traditional banking, you know, for example, the Agile in Uganda, the Stockwell that we saw in South Africa, you know, it boosts financial autonomy. That is one thing that we saw. Our recommendations are such that, you know, well, there is no two ways about it. There is no one person that can fix all of these problems because as we saw, some are infrastructural, some are informational, some are, you know, in terms of knowledge. We think that infrastructure and cost should come down. You know, digital safety should be various mechanisms to achieve this should be pursued. Responsive design, you know, where we have things like the disability fed app, you know, it should be encouraged to support offline. It should be available offline so it doesn't just have to be when people are online alone. And we have to work on increasing community awareness. So engage men also in these kinds of research to let them know what women are doing and what they're going through and to be able to like help them support women when they want to normalize. technological participations in different ways. If there is one thing I would like you to take from this presentation, it is that digital technologies in itself did not create danger in inequality. That was never the problem. What digital technologies did is that they often reflected and in very many cases they amplified the inequality that already existed offline. So they weren't new issues. It just meant that the same problem that the girl child had been having, digital technologies exacerbated them. The same problems that the women entrepreneurs had been having before now, digital technologies did amplify them. That's the one thing that I would like us to take from there. But then there are very many opportunities for improvement. Thank you very much and also thanks to our partners. This work was made possible by the support of Gates Foundation and the World Bank. That is it from me. Sorry, I think it's better for me to take questions at the end, and because I was on full screen, I couldn't see if there was any questions for me. But otherwise, thank you very much for your time, and thank you for listening. And Liz, back to you.
Ms. Liz Orembo
Thank you, Kola, for that presentation. And I think every time you do this presentation, I learn a lot of new things, also despite being in the same organization and having read the report a number of times, and also consumed it in different ways. Now we'll shift to the room here, to Thobekile, but just to for some who came late, we've had the presentation from these countries, Nigeria, Ghana, Ethiopia, and Uganda on digital access. That is what they do and how they access the internet after they get coverage, a very good insights and also recomendation on collective models also. I hope Esther will touch on collective models in Uganda but I also see the same things happening also in Kenya and also on the recommendation of informal training and also uptake of public digital services as a way of getting more people and more women to come online. Now I'll come to Thobekile Matimbe for my first question. She focuses on digital rights. She's the Senior Programs and Partnerships and Engagement Manager at Paradigm Initiative. For those of us who know Paradigm Initiative they focus on digital rights in Africa and they have this event on digital rights, rounding up what's the state of digital rights in Africa with very many civil society organizations in Africa and also globally. So Thobekile, the question I'd like to ask is, focus on human rights. So rights framework tends to create a threshold questions, yet evidence showed that women who are connected still ration data, like Kola has just presented, when costs are high, they share devices and deliberately stay invisible online, especially because of security. So where does the language of digital rights fall short in describing that live reality, and how can we close this gap?
Ms. Thobekile Matimbe
There is a lot more that needs to be done in terms of a structural overhaul. So we have what it takes, I feel, you know, in terms of human rights standards. To answer your question directly, I'll even draw a reflection from the WUSES outcome document adopted last year, which specifically talks about women's meaningful participation in the digital age. And it's not just about connectivity. It's not just about accessing digital devices. It's also about meaningful participation. It's also about being able to have full access. How do you have full access if you are still operating and accessing digital technologies by proxy? As a woman, for instance, we are not going to get there until we begin to see how, you know, approaches, even in our country levels, are actually streamlined to tackle these issues from their root causes. So you find that what we see, for instance, in Ethiopia, we see a lot of women who don't have access to digital technologies as well. We see from your research that women are afraid to actually access. to actually be online. They've just decided we're not going to be online because it's not a safe space. And because of that, you find that there's even a reference to law cases of TFGBV, not because it's not happening, but because people are just not online for the reasons that they want to be safe. So you find that when we're talking about human rights, we talk about equality, we talk about inclusion, we talk about human dignity. And once human dignity is not perceived to be achieved by being online, women actually self -expel or they self -censor. They don't go online. And we've seen this through various reports. We also have done a report called Clicks That Head on technology -facilitated gender -based violence where you hear women say the most gruesome stories. And they will tell you that being online is a security risk, so might as well not be there. So now the conversation needs to come back to the basics, the root causes of why women are not online. And it touches on three things, basically, that governments should be able to prioritize, you know, in my view. And one of those things is what the U .N. Secretary General already stated in his priorities in the opening of the U .N. AI Dialogue this morning, and it's safety. Once safety is put in place and there's a general feeling and sense of safety, especially for women when they access digital platforms, then naturally you'll find that the realities of women migrating to online platforms will be seen and witnessed, especially in countries where women naturally, you know, sort of under the suppression of cultural norms and perspectives. You also see that once we look at safety as a 360 -degree approach where it's not just government, it's also cultural leaders in our communities, it's also faith -based leaders in our communities that are also talking about how to create safe spaces. You find that women will become much more able to actually participate meaningfully looking at online platforms. And this will directly look at operationalizing even the spirit of WUSA's outcome. That we have for meaningful, full participation of women. So that's what I would reflect on when I think about human rights and connectivity and women, especially looking at the gendered harms that happen when we are looking at online platforms.
Ms. Liz Orembo
Thanks so much, Thobekile. I usually like when you talk about digital rights so passionately like that, because what we can only get from our data is the reasons why women can't get online, but you can't get these granular experiences and stories that you also share. Now let's go to Women of Uganda Network representative, who is Esther Nyapendi, and she does provide technical support for the organization. Esther, I've switched this question up a bit, but I'd like you to talk about the collective initiatives. So let me retrieve the question, give me two minutes. Yeah, so the study points to the informal peer networks rather than governments or NGOs as they may be. The main route for women used to build. for women to use to build digital skills. Do you think the same? But also, if you do, how do these networks actually function in the communities you work with, and what happens to them when the formal programs try to intervene? Over to you, Esther. I hope you had the question.
Ms. Esther Nyapendi
Yes, I did. Can you hear me?
Ms. Liz Orembo
Yes.
Ms. Esther Nyapendi
Yes. I guess from your question, I totally agree when it comes to the informal peer networks, you know, being the intervention that, you know, works most for the different communities. Of course, spanning on, you know, WOGNET's work and what we have been able to do is, you know, work with different communities, both in the urban, the rural, and peri -urban areas. But what WOGNET has observed across these communities that we work with, is that what the after, you know, access, you know, looks like is that these peer networks are not just, you know, a gap -filling measure, but they, of course, are the primary architecture when it comes to, you know, most women in the rural areas, particularly in Uganda. And these have been able to, you know, sustain the digital skills that they learn. And, of course, looking at the fact that technology, you know, the rate at which technology comes and, you know, is penetrated within these communities comes even before the skills. So, of course, here you look at, one, a neighbor who, first and foremost, for example, has the skills to, you know, send, for example, mobile money. We're looking at, of course, a market trader who also, probably knows how to save a contact, for example, from their mobile phone. We're looking at very many women that sort of know how to, for example, use basic communication tools like WhatsApp, sending audios, and these have sort of been more of women trying to discover how technology works. And these exchanges, when it comes to them passing these skills to other women, is sort of like the foundation of trust that these communities have with each other. And, of course, looking at the aspect of language, the shared language that they have. For example, we have a program called Bolts, which is building opportunities and leveraging technologies. And we are currently implementing it in northern parts of Uganda. But like Tomekile mentioned, there are other lying factors, for example, language that limits women and girls to use technology. And so when it comes to peer networks, you realize that these women, one, speak the same language, so they are able to help each other navigate around how to use technology. But, of course, these are the ways women have been able to extend and access information, especially when they want to access government services and so many other things. But, of course, the danger we see when it comes to these peer networks is that technology continues to advance. Now we are looking at issues around artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies, and these continue to exclude them. But from the program that I mentioned that is funded by ISOC, we have looked at having external facilitators that come in to sort of expedite what skills these women already have. We look at having women champions who we have continuously trained these skills. And so because they have the shared language, they will go into the communities and be able to continuously train and interact with other women on how to use technology, how to access government services, and so many other things. But of course, looking at. All right. So I think that's my recommendation. And of course, what the report was sharing. is that these networks, we're not looking at replacing the peer networks, but we're also looking at amplifying what skills are available for women, but also as a resource for them, we are looking at designing formal programs that help to identify, you know, protect. Chobekile has been talking about the technology facilitated gender -based violence, which continues to be on the rise as women continue to use this technology. We are also looking at strengthening what the communities have already built rather than, you know, arriving with just a new curriculum and assuming that the learning starts, you know, when we come in with our programs. So I think for me the aspect about the peer networks is that it's sustainable, it's, you know, inclusive, and it's, you know, sort of brings a bottom -top approach on how technology can be used in the different communities. Thank you. I'll hand over back to you, Liz.
Ms. Liz Orembo
Thanks, Esther, for those experiences of collective initiatives in Uganda and also responding to security and also design issues. I'd like to come to the floor quickly just to scan whether there's any questions because we only have three minutes to close. Going once, going twice, and it's now gone. Okay. Now, I'd like to thank our participants for listening through this research and also apologize for the noise outside, but I hope you are able to follow the presentations as well as the lived experience from these two organizations. Thank you. countries. I'd like also to welcome you to the After Access research where we like we said, we talk about how women access the internet and not really women, but how people access the internet. And from there we can see different kinds of varieties and inequalities and interventions that also people can use. In this research we also work with other organizations, partner organizations in Latin America, in Asia, to compare methodologies and also just to compare what kinds of cultural issues do we face, what kinds of connectivity design issues do we face so that when it comes to programs like, processes like WISIS we ensure that these global solutions respond to our differentiated context in Africa and in the rest of the global South. So if you're interested in this research, please find me after the session. But for now, we only have one minute, and I'll give it to my fellow panelists here to say one closing word.
Ms. Thobekile Matimbe
All right, just to say thank you. And, yeah, let's connect and see how we can improve access for women on the African continent. And, yeah, enjoy the rest of your day. And we have another session on connectivity in L1 upstairs if you're interested. Yeah, just a little bit of a commercial.
Ms. Liz Orembo
Thanks, everyone. See you in the next sessions. And thank you to our online participants. Sorry we forgot you and our presenters there and panelists, Esther. Thank you. Bye, everyone. Thank you. Recording stopped. Recording stopped. Thank you.
WS #225 Gender inequality in meaningful access in the Global South
Only 16% of the adult population in Nigeria, I'm sorry not Nigeria, in Ethiopia and Uganda had access to a smartphone and this was 28% in Nigeria. So not only do we have devices being inaccessible, but even the level of ...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives
Gender equality and gender digital divides In 2022, Namibia and Rwanda were ranked among world’s top 10 gender equal societies. Namibia has made significant progress in bridging the gender gap as it moved up from the ...
What Does the Data Say? Analysing the Gender Digital Divide
https://dig.watch/wp-content/uploads/IGF2018_56-1.png [Read more session reports and live updates from the 13th Internet Governance Forum] Connecting more people via the Internet is accompanied by the creation of greater...
Digital infrastructure and standards in Africa: National priorities and elements of foreign policy
Across Africa, efforts are underway to advance the deployment of digital infrastructures that support meaningful internet connectivity. As the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) explains, meaningful connectivity is ...
Research ICT Africa’s Submission to the Global Digital Compact
Standards around data quality and representation are essential to eradicating discrimination against women, and other underserved groups, that occur in AI systems trained on bias and unrepresentative, or under-representa...
Status of internet access and connectivity in Africa
And there is also the issue of affordability: a monthly residential subscription to Starlink could go up to USD$100, which is more often than not a prohibitive cost. Across Africa, barriers to access are not only rela...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions
2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
AI for equality: Bridging the innovation gap
Major discussion point Current State of Women's AI Adoption and Barriers Topics Economic | Digital business models | Gender rights online Affordability is a major barrier, with families often sharing one phone wh...
The year of AI clarity: 10 AI Forecasts for 2025
China: China has implemented strict regulations requiring platforms to label AI-generated content, especially deepfakes, and to obtain consent from individuals before using their likenesses. Which practices do social ...
Networking Session #232 Bringing Safety Communities Together a Fishbowl Style Event
And we have to keep fighting that fight. Yeah. Yeah. Neema Iyer: I think I will take the last 15 seconds to just say thank you to everyone who contributed, everyone who asked questions. I think we were able to get the ...
Empowering women in the IG process
https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Deirdre_Williams.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Deirdre-Williams_0.jpg
1

This is consistent with Research ICT Africa’s documented policy work on AI governance, connectivity, data policy, digital rights and digital transformation priorities in Africa [S31] and [S39].

2

The knowledge base supports this framing: access barriers in Africa are not only about availability of connectivity, and affordability remains a major constraint even where networks exist [S12]. Broader evidence also stresses that meaningful inclusion depends on skills, trust and relevance, not just connection [S76].

3

This aligns with Research ICT Africa’s policy-oriented recommendations in its Global Digital Compact submission, which call for nationally representative data, evidence-based digital strategies, innovative connectivity regulation, and measures addressing uneven digital inclusion [S31].

4

This approach is consistent with wider segmented digital inclusion monitoring described in the knowledge base, which highlights analysis by gender, age, income, education, location, disability status and language, and stresses the importance of intersectional inequalities in digital exclusion [S75].

5

The knowledge base confirms that women in Africa face a wide digital gender gap and that safety and security issues are significant barriers to internet use, alongside affordability and literacy or skills constraints [S17]. Preuves on technology-facilitated gender-based violence in Uganda also shows how stigma, weak reporting pathways and institutional barriers affect women online [S84].

6

This is supported by broader digital inclusion evidence noting electricity access as one of the granular barriers that shape internet use and exclusion in African contexts [S75].

7

While the knowledge base does not directly profile Paradigm Initiative, it provides relevant continental context: African policy instruments increasingly address digital rights and specifically digital violence against women, including the ACHPR’s 2022 resolution on protection of women against digital violence in Africa [S39].

8

This is consistent with documented work by Women of Uganda Network on online harms, gender-based violence, digital literacy, and barriers to reporting and redress for women and gender minority groups in Uganda [S84].

9

This matches Research ICT Africa’s broader documented work, which includes digital equity, data governance, AI governance, and rights-preserving regulatory approaches [S31].

10

The knowledge base adds useful regional context: Africa has one of the world’s largest gender gaps in internet use, and progress in narrowing the gender parity score has been slow [S17]. It also notes that Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda are among countries assessed for internet freedom conditions affecting users’ rights online [S79].

Session/Digital Diplomacy and Tourism in Africa — I'll just... So I'll start with Professor. Professor Wasiu Babalola is from Nigeria and he's a distinguished polymath, renowned for his extensive, expansive expertise in hotel and tourism management, operations managem...
WSIS Action Lines for Advancing the Achievement of SDGs | IGF 2023 Open Forum #5 — And at that point, the Ministry of Information and Communication was created. And two of my really good friends, Honorable Tuju and Honorable Regé, were then appointed Tuju as the minister and Honorable Regé as the perma...
Suzan M. Ongalo — Ms. Ongalo is a Public/International Relations, Leader and Business Manager by training. She has over the years added to her knowledge feathers in Advocacy, Management, Customer Relations, Disaster Management, Marketing ...
Closing Ceremony and Orientation for WAIGF 2025 — Amzat? Esther Esther, Amzat who is Esther? wave, wave your hand ok, she is lost in thought and Fola yes, they are all in Nigeria so, don't worry, it will get to you in good time ensure that you attend an ISOC training or...
Esther Paniagua — Esther Paniagua
Thato Morokong — Ms Thato Morokong is an assistant director within the Africa Multilateral Cooperation Directorate of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) in South Africa. She contributes to the coordination of South Africa’s p...
IN CONVERSATION WITH BIRAME SOCK Table of contents Knowledge Graphe of Debate Rapport de session Intervenants Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatica...
Teodora Marković — https://diplo-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/2023/02/Teodora-Markovic-1.jpg Ms Teodora Marković is an assistant for online education programmes at Diplo, where she is involved in course logistics. At the Digital Wat...
Session/Digital Diplomacy and Tourism in Africa — I'll just... So I'll start with Professor. Professor Wasiu Babalola is from Nigeria and he's a distinguished polymath, renowned for his extensive, expansive expertise in hotel and tourism management, operations managem...
Wasiu A. Babalola — Professor Wasiu A. Babalola is a distinguished polymath, renowned for his expansive expertise in hotel and tourism management, operations management, marketing, forensic accounting, audit, international business, law, an...
Closing Ceremony and Orientation for WAIGF 2025 — Thank you very much, Akimbo. Thank you for facilitating us. Okay, so my name is Chinwe Ogbuja, I'm a Nigerian. And I work, I volunteer with the West African Internet Governance Secretariat. Yes, I'm human. And because I ...
Status of internet access and connectivity in Africa — And there is also the issue of affordability: a monthly residential subscription to Starlink could go up to USD$100, which is more often than not a prohibitive cost. Across Africa, barriers to access are not only rela...
Access to the Internet is a Human Right — 60% of the world's population is not online. Michael Moller, Acting Director General of UNOG, was the first to raise the issue during his opening remarks at the launch of the Geneva Internet Platform (GIP) on 8th April. ...
Digital accessibility in Kenya after COVID-19 — When the COVID-19 outbreak was first announced in Kenya in March 2020, panic began as people saw the effects of curfews and the closing of offices, businesses, and schools. Three days after the initial information regard...
Strengthening Africa’s voices in global digital processes — After looking at the current situation, the discussion will provide practical insights and suggestions on why and how to broaden the African digital diplomacy footprint in international processes, focusing on those deali...
International elements in digital transformation and development strategies of African countries — Facilitating partnerships with multinational tech companies ‘to create platforms for indigenous vendors to serve global markets’ is envisioned by Nigeria (National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy), while South Africa...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives — Among other things, it urges member states to ‘promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women’s access to, and pa...
[Résumé] RightOn #4: COVID-19 and women: the gendered impact of the crisis — However, in order to ensure the respect of all these rights, access to data is required in order to facilitate and support quick population mappings, but also to help adjust the response to the Coronavirus and to ensure ...
Digital infrastructure and standards in Africa: National priorities and elements of foreign policy — Across Africa, efforts are underway to advance the deployment of digital infrastructures that support meaningful internet connectivity. As the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) explains, meaningful connectivity is ...
Digital infrastructure and standards in Africa: Continental and regional policies and their international elements — At the continental level, one of the Agenda 2063’s goals is to connect Africa through world-class infrastructure. This includes financing and implementing major ICT infrastructure projects so that Africa is ‘on equal foo...
Day 0 Event #105 Women In IGF — Sector problems related to women in digital markets and transformation. Number one, limited access to digital infrastructure. And this is a big one for women in Africa, who apparently the people online can hear now. ...
WS #225 Gender inequality in meaningful access in the Global South — So, and I think it's also important to note that even though, you know, we're back to 2020 levels, it's still quite a wide gender gap. There are still, according to our data, 265 million fewer women than men using mob...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — 2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
Connecting Women at the Margins: Smart Partnerships Accelerating Inclusion in the Digital Economy (ITU) — Topics: REMI Program, Multi-stakeholder Approach, Digital Divide It's possible to unlock the economic potential of women and bridge the digital divide. Supporting facts: The work done in a difficult context sh...
‘The poorer the country, the higher the cost’ – webinar host — The cost for Internet access differs significantly from one country to another. Take for instance the price for 1Mbps: it can cost $250 in Togo (TogoTelecom), and $445 in Niger (Orange Niger), but it can cost only $25 fo...
Launch / Award Event #223 Affordable Access for Education and Health Aa4edu — As we speak, there is still approximately 70% of sub-Saharan Africa that does not have meaningful access and that is still using 2G, while the Global North has already moved out of 2G or some of the countries that are at...
Thinking Big on Digital Inclusion — Supporting facts: Mobile penetration at any level of technology from 2G onwards in Sub-Saharan Africa is 75% Only 45% of Africans have access to 3G and above technology Topics: Mobile Penetration, Internet ...
Digital (in)accessibility and universal design — Ms Edith Kimani (Journalist, Deutsche Welle (DW)) moderated the session, which focused on how most digital technologies are, by their design, not accessible to Persons with Disabilities (PWD). The panel explored the stat...
DC-Gender Disability, Gender, and Digital Self-Determination | IGF 2023 — So some of our work over the last few months with Point of View has been actually speaking to designers and technologists and putting them in conversation with people with disabilities so that they can understand their n...
What Does the Data Say? Analysing the Gender Digital Divide — https://dig.watch/wp-content/uploads/IGF2018_56-1.png [Read more session reports and live updates from the 13th Internet Governance Forum] Connecting more people via the Internet is accompanied by the creation of greater...
Research ICT Africa’s Submission to the Global Digital Compact — It proposes for the GDC a globaldigital public goods framing for the global governance of the intensifying process of digitalisation and datafication and in doing so it surfaces seven critical areas that could contribute...
Stronger digital voices from Africa: Building African digital foreign policy and diplomacy — (2017). Namibia’s Policy on International Relations and Cooperation. Also worth mentioning is Tunisia: Reducing the digital divide between industrialised and developing countries is embedded into the country’s foreign po...
Top digital policy developments in 2019: A year in review — If security and privacy considerations are properly addressed these developments hold considerable promise. World Bank’s ID4D initiative The World Bank’s Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative is helping cou...
Networking Session #232 Bringing Safety Communities Together a Fishbowl Style Event — Intervenants - Ayesha Mago- Audience Arguments Online spaces are critical for criminalized communities to connect with support and partners, making safety even more important Need to address how online safety impediments ...
Empowering women in the IG process — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Deirdre_Williams.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Deirdre-Williams_0.jpg
Approaches Towards Meaningful Connectivity in the Global South — Preuves The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India said the Internet is an experience good, meaning the value is obtained through continuous use and the way you derive value through use - the more you experience the In...
Upholding Human Rights in the Digital Age: Fostering a Multistakeholder Approach for Safeguarding Human Dignity and Freedom for All — An example given was the hiring of nurses in a way similar to ride-hailing services, such as Uber. This precarious work arrangement has negative consequences for patient health and underscores the need to address the pot...
Normative Scale - Creative Diary 26may2015 — IETF | RFC 6973 Privacy Considerations for Internet Protocols | 2013 W3C | Guidance for Web standards - Privacy Interest Group | Old European Court of Justice | Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 Apri...
Digital rights in Africa: Continental and regional policies and initiatives — https://www.diplomacy.edu/resource/report-stronger-digital-voices-from-africa/ Go back to 'Stronger digital voices from Africa: Building African digital foreign policy and diplomacy' https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — 2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
Placing gender equality at the heart of the Global Digital Compact: Taking forward the recommendations of the sixty-seventh session of the Commission on the Status of Women — Gender-based all policies at all levels and stages. digital exclusion – and, indeed, inclusion – must be The Committee of Ministers, located in broader structural trends and institutional the Council...
Hybrid diplomacy — Hybrid diplomacy is a term used to describe a type of diplomacy that involves the integration of traditional and non-traditional diplomatic tools and approaches. It recognises that diplomacy is no longer limited to tradi...
Women in the digital economy: driving the usage of digital technology among women (UNCDF) — This initiative is a significant step towards bridging the gender gap and ensuring that women have equal access to economic opportunities. The decline in women's economic participation in Mongolia can be attributed to fi...
Human rights advocacy: Strategies for the digital age — https://dig.watch/wp-content/uploads/igf16logo_210-1.png [Read more session reports and live updates from the 11th Internet Governance Forum] Ms Laura Cunningham, Team Lead, Internet Freedom, US Department of State, intr...
Nri Collaborative Session Community Based Connectivity to Achieve Digitally Inclusive Societies — academia, and private sector are essential for sustainable digital transformation Multi-stakeholder collaboration is essential, with all parties being partners rather than pointing fingers NRIs should bring di...
Developing Community-level Capacity Assessment Tools: Perspectives and Practical Applications in the Context of Rural Africa (Briefing Paper #11) — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Policy_papers_briefs_11_YK.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/diplo-2018.png
Beyond partnership and participation: Community organising for ownership in humanitarian diplomacy and aid — A potentially highly relevant approach in an international context is Slum Dwellers International (SDI). SDI defines itself as ‘a network of community-based organisations of the urban poor in 32 countries and hundreds of...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives — Among other things, it urges member states to ‘promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women’s access to, and pa...
Digital divides & Inclusion — Collaboration could involve sharing best practices, providing technical assistance, and advocating for policies that promote digital inclusion and access. In conclusion, the digital divide between the developed and devel...
Empowering women in the IG process — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Deirdre_Williams.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Deirdre-Williams_0.jpg
WS #479 Gender Mainstreaming in Digital Connectivity Strategies — Major discussion point Solutions and Recommendations Topics Legal and regulatory | Development | Gender rights online Accord avec - Waqas Hassan Accord on Economic imperative of gender inclusion in digital ...
Digital inclusion by design: Leveraging existing infrastructure to leave no one behind — Co-organisers & host The event is co-organised by the Universal Postal Union (UPU), Giga, and DiploFoundation. It is hosted by the Giga Connectivity Centre in Geneva. AI Agents These AI agents are...
Top digital policy developments in 2019: A year in review — If security and privacy considerations are properly addressed these developments hold considerable promise. World Bank’s ID4D initiative The World Bank’s Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative is helping cou...
WS #49 Benefit everyone from digital tech equally & inclusively — So all of we know that women are a bit behind using internet. So I have selected that topic to let you know that was the barrier for the women to use internet and this is the internet governance forum and I believe thi...
Working Group on the Digital Gender Divide recommendations for action, bridging the gender gap in internet and broadband access and use — Recommendations for action: bridging the gender gap in Internet and broadband access and use 27 3 Address the barriers Studies of the gender gap in Internet likely t...
WS #65 Gender Prioritization through Responsible Digital Governance — Key Themes and Discussion Points 1. The Digital Gender Divide: Barriers and Challenges Onica Makwakwa, Executive Director at Global Digital Inclusion Partnership, identified several significant barriers to digital in...
WS #225 Gender inequality in meaningful access in the Global South — And for each person in the population, we set a scale of 0 to 9 points, which means that 0, it's a very low meaningful connectivity, and 9, it will be the minimum connectivity understanding that we have affordability, th...
Status of internet access and connectivity in Africa — And there is also the issue of affordability: a monthly residential subscription to Starlink could go up to USD$100, which is more often than not a prohibitive cost. Across Africa, barriers to access are not only rela...
Beyond universality: the meaningful connectivity imperative | IGF 2023 — And then what they do on the internet and what the impact of that is, those are extremely interesting and important questions but we kept them out of our focus because otherwise our focus would be too wide and we wouldn'...
Developing capacities for bottom-up AI in the Global South: What role for the international community? — This approach would leverage existing institutions and create centers of excellence that can better serve ground-level requirements. Major discussion point Capacity Building Implementation Topics Development | So...
WS #225 Gender inequality in meaningful access in the Global South — Only 16% of the adult population in Nigeria, I'm sorry not Nigeria, in Ethiopia and Uganda had access to a smartphone and this was 28% in Nigeria. So not only do we have devices being inaccessible, but even the level of ...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives — Gender equality and gender digital divides In 2022, Namibia and Rwanda were ranked among world’s top 10 gender equal societies. Namibia has made significant progress in bridging the gender gap as it moved up from the ...
What Does the Data Say? Analysing the Gender Digital Divide — https://dig.watch/wp-content/uploads/IGF2018_56-1.png [Read more session reports and live updates from the 13th Internet Governance Forum] Connecting more people via the Internet is accompanied by the creation of greater...
Digital infrastructure and standards in Africa: National priorities and elements of foreign policy — Across Africa, efforts are underway to advance the deployment of digital infrastructures that support meaningful internet connectivity. As the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) explains, meaningful connectivity is ...
Research ICT Africa’s Submission to the Global Digital Compact — Standards around data quality and representation are essential to eradicating discrimination against women, and other underserved groups, that occur in AI systems trained on bias and unrepresentative, or under-representa...
Status of internet access and connectivity in Africa — And there is also the issue of affordability: a monthly residential subscription to Starlink could go up to USD$100, which is more often than not a prohibitive cost. Across Africa, barriers to access are not only rela...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — 2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
AI for equality: Bridging the innovation gap — Major discussion point Current State of Women's AI Adoption and Barriers Topics Economic | Digital business models | Gender rights online Affordability is a major barrier, with families often sharing one phone wh...
The year of AI clarity: 10 AI Forecasts for 2025 — China: China has implemented strict regulations requiring platforms to label AI-generated content, especially deepfakes, and to obtain consent from individuals before using their likenesses. Which practices do social ...
Networking Session #232 Bringing Safety Communities Together a Fishbowl Style Event — And we have to keep fighting that fight. Yeah. Yeah. Neema Iyer: I think I will take the last 15 seconds to just say thank you to everyone who contributed, everyone who asked questions. I think we were able to get the ...
Empowering women in the IG process — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Deirdre_Williams.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Deirdre-Williams_0.jpg
African priorities for the Global Digital Compact — ⏰ 16:00–17:30 EAT / 15:00–16:30 CEST / 13:00-14:30 UTC In 2022 the idea of a Global Digital Compact was floated by the UN with the intention of developing shared principles for a secure digital future – a future in whi...
Who is learning online? — Most people use the Internet only for social media and entertainment. [Interestingly, a 2016-2017 survey of undergraduate students at the University of Tirana in Albania discovered that 28.8% of students use the Internet...
The Internet Research Fair: Uncovering the effects of an everyday technology — How does the Internet affect society and academia? How to make sense of a technology that is used so centrally in today’s society and that is at the same time still very much covered in uncertainties? These were the over...
Open Forum #29 Advancing Digital Inclusion Through Segmented Monitoring — We also ask questions about their preferred platforms. And then we ask questions about the level of digital literacy and skills that we're dealing with. And so, you know, what are they able to do? And can they send email...
Internet and Development: A Reality-Check — This post was originally published at the Huffington Post blog channel. By Constance Bommelaer de Leusse and Tereza Horejsova How can we create a more inclusive Internet? What are the practical steps we can take to exp...
Comparing global gender inequality indices: Where is trade? — Some developing economies of Asia and Oceania, like Indonesia and Vietnam, belong to this group, which is nevertheless, the most heterogeneous group. ____________________________________________________________...
Resilient and Responsible AI | IGF 2023 Town Hall #105 — Regarding the intersection of state security and digital rights, a neutral stance is taken. While it is recognised that the state has the right to secure data, it should not infringe upon the digital rights of citizens. ...
Digital rights in Africa: A brief national overview — South Africa’s ICT and Digital Economy Master Plan tackles briefly the need to ensure privacy and data protection/security in the context of the digital economy. Namibia’s Overarching ICT Policy notes that to ensure a pr...
[ConfTech #2 discussion summary] Technology and human rights in times of crisis — Violations of human rights in the context of the response to COVID-19 are increasingly making the headlines. The right to access information, right to privacy, freedom of movement and assembly, and freedom of expression ...
New Technologies and the Impact on Human Rights — I don't want to categorise everyone. I think we all should merge and converge. So, for those that don't know, AFNIC is the .fr registry, the CCTLD registry, and he has brought a wealth of really good points into the sess...
Day 0 Event #150 Digital Rights in Partnership Strategies for Impact — However, the panellists acknowledged that more tangible legal processes and structural supports are needed to ensure accountability, particularly in international partnerships involving Global South organisations.

G...

[Résumé] RightOn #8: Protecting the rights of older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic — Older persons rank high amongst groups that are most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Not only do they face higher threats to their rights to life and health, but preventative and response-related measures further deep...
Open Forum #39 From Research to Action Cybercrime Justice in Africa — Sandra Aceng: Thanks to you. Thank you so much for the question. Could you please confirm that you can hear me? Yeah, we can hear you. Okay. It would have been lovely to be in that room, but nonetheless, I'm joining virt...
Disrupt Harm: Accountability for a Safer Internet | IGF 2023 Open Forum #146 — So using these deterrent powers and naming and shaming does have an impact. We have a 90% success rate in terms of getting this content taken down and I can tell you that so many women that come to us that's what they wa...
African priorities for the Global Digital Compact — I think you're familiar with me now, but for those who may be seeing me for the first time, I'm a retired Kenyan public servant now, very much involved in training diplomats on cyber diplomacy issues around the world. ...
IGCBP2011 research project summaries for EuroDIG 2011 — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IGCBP_Research-Project-Summaries-for-EuroDIG-2011.pdf
Internet as a global public resource: from conference discussions to research project — Rapport from the concluding session of the conference The Internet as a Global Public Resource (29‒30 April 2015), in which Dr Jovan Kurbalija, DiploFoundation director, and head of the Geneva Internet Platform, summarise...
Internet Data Governance and Trust in Nigeria | IGF 2023 Open Forum #67 — Towards the end of the session, it was suggested that a future meeting be held in Abuja, Nigeria's capital, to continue the discussions and further collaborative efforts.This idea was met with enthusiasm, demonstrating t...

Avertissement : Il ne s'agit pas d'un compte rendu officiel de la session. DiploAI génère ces ressources à partir d'enregistrements audiovisuels ; elles sont présentées telles quelles, y compris d'éventuelles erreurs. En raison de contraintes logistiques (audio/vidéo ou transcriptions), les noms peuvent être mal orthographiés. Nous nous efforçons d'être aussi précis que possible.