Internet shutdowns surge in Africa despite human rights concerns

Governments across Africa imposed a record number of internet shutdowns in 2024, according to a report by Access Now and the #KeepItOn coalition.

Authorities in 15 countries, including Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya and Nigeria, disrupted access in response to political instability, protests, and elections.

The 21 shutdowns marked the highest annual total since records began, surpassing previous peaks in 2020 and 2021. Non-state actors, such as militias, were also responsible for some of the blackouts.

The trend reflected a broader global increase in digital restrictions, with 296 shutdowns recorded across 54 countries. Access Now described the rise as part of a growing effort to ‘weaponise’ internet access, cutting off communities during periods of unrest and war.

In Africa, at least five long-term shutdowns remained in place at the start of 2025. In Uganda, Meta’s social media platforms were still restricted, while Equatorial Guinea‘s Annobon island had been without internet and mobile services since August 2024.

In response to the escalating crisis, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights passed a resolution in March 2024 aimed at curbing shutdowns. Despite this, election-related blackouts continued, raising concerns about digital rights violations.

Advocacy efforts have led to some reversals, with countries like Mauritius and South Sudan recently lifting restrictions. Campaigners argue that stronger measures are needed to prevent governments from silencing citizens through internet controls.

For more information on these topics, visit diplomacy.edu.