ECB highlights gap between AI adoption and productivity

Firms across the euro area are increasingly adopting AI, but only a small share are integrating it deeply enough to generate meaningful productivity gains. Data from the European Central Bank’s SAFE survey shows that although more than 70% of firms report using AI in some form, only 7% have integrated it deeply into their core operations.

Firms that use AI intensively are more likely to embed it in core business processes rather than limiting it to routine or experimental tasks. They are also more likely to innovate, expand their product offerings and align AI investments with long-term growth strategies.

Competitive pressure is also driving deeper AI adoption, particularly among established firms responding to technologically advanced rivals. However, skills shortages, legacy systems and financing constraints continue to limit many companies’ ability to scale AI effectively.

Why does it matter? 

The findings suggest that simply adopting AI is not enough to generate significant economic benefits. Productivity gains appear to depend on integrating AI into core business functions, innovation strategies and long-term investment plans rather than using it only for isolated or experimental tasks.

The survey also highlights structural challenges facing Europe’s digital transformation. Without investment in skills, financing and modern digital infrastructure, many firms may struggle to move beyond basic AI adoption, potentially widening the productivity gap between AI leaders and businesses that lack the resources to scale the technology.

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