AI could raise inflation short term, warns Bank of Canada governor

Bank of Canada Governor Tiff Macklem has said that businesses adopting AI could create short-term inflationary pressures by increasing demand. Speaking at an AI conference in Toronto, he noted that while AI-driven productivity growth may benefit the economy in the long run, its immediate effects could add to inflation.

Macklem pointed to rising electricity demand from new data centres as an example of AI’s economic impact. He emphasised that central bankers are working to understand how AI will affect the economy, inflation, and employment. Despite concerns, there is no current evidence that AI displaces labour at a level that would significantly impact overall employment rates.

The Bank of Canada has begun using AI to improve economic forecasting, data analysis, and efficiency, though its application is still in the early stages. Macklem compared the central bank’s cautious approach to AI to cautiously entering a dark room, feeling the way forward before making decisions.

Canada has also introduced a Voluntary Code of Conduct for the responsible development of generative AI systems. Macklem underlined that while AI offers potential benefits, it brings challenges and uncertainties that require careful management by policymakers.