WSIS Forum 2026
Rapport généré par l'IA

The DPI Opportunity for Women & Girls

8 intervenants
Résumé

Résumé

La discussion a porté sur la manière dont l’infrastructure publique numérique (DPI) peut mieux servir les femmes et les filles, Krisstina Rao cadrant la session autour de l’objectif de rendre la DPI plus accessible et davantage porteuse d’opportunités pour elles dans les pays où CoDevelop intervient . Elle a utilisé l’exemple de « Maria » déscolarisée pour faire apparaître des obstacles tels que la position sociale des femmes, la pauvreté, l’accès économique et physique limité, la géographie, les contraintes culturelles et religieuses, la faiblesse de la prestation de services, ainsi que l’écart entre la mise à disposition des infrastructures et leur utilisation effective . Les participants ont également souligné des problèmes d’infrastructure physique et de sécurité, notamment l’absence d’écoles à proximité, la mauvaise qualité de l’éducation, l’insécurité des trajets et l’insuffisance des toilettes ou des espaces privés pour les filles ayant leurs règles . Krisstina Rao a soutenu que les raisons pour lesquelles Maria ne peut pas aller à l’école reflètent souvent celles qui empêchent les femmes et les filles d’accéder à la santé, aux transports et à d’autres services publics, et elle a présenté la DPI comme un moyen de remplacer une numérisation verticale fragmentée par une prestation de services plus unifiée . Elle a également cité des exemples où les paiements numériques peuvent améliorer l’accès des femmes aux services bancaires, aux marchés et aux opportunités entrepreneuriales . Kathleen Ziemann a présenté GovStack comme une initiative de DPI opérant dans 25 pays pour aider les gouvernements à construire des services publics abordables et numériquement souverains . Elle a insisté sur le fait que les systèmes numériques, à l’instar des villes, ne sont souvent pas conçus en pensant aux femmes, et a indiqué que GovStack répond à cela par le biais d’un Women in GovTech Challenge et d’un développement fondé sur les communautés qui inclut les femmes dans la construction des services . Carolina Anselmino s’est concentrée sur l’éducation, notant que 2,2 milliards de personnes restent non connectées, que les femmes et les filles constituent une grande partie de ce groupe, et que la moitié des six millions d’écoles dans le monde sont encore hors ligne . Elle a ajouté que 119 millions de filles ne sont pas scolarisées et que, dans les contextes de crise, les filles ont 2,5 fois plus de risques que les garçons d’être exclues, soutenant que la connectivité à elle seule ne résoudra pas le problème . S’appuyant sur l’extension de l’identité numérique au Nigeria, elle a suggéré que les écoles pourraient devenir un point d’entrée pour les systèmes d’identité et a souligné que les systèmes de données sur l’éducation doivent suivre des données ventilées par genre afin que les filles ne deviennent pas invisibles dans les politiques publiques . Elle a également présenté une nouvelle charte pour les plateformes publiques d’apprentissage numérique visant une technologie éducative inclusive, interopérable et digne de confiance . Soheib Nunhuck a soutenu, du point de vue de la GSMA, qu’une connectivité mobile significative constitue le fondement de la DPI, car sans elle, l’identité numérique, les paiements, la santé, l’éducation et les services publics ne peuvent être utilisés . Il a indiqué que, bien que 1,5 milliard de femmes dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire utilisent l’Internet mobile et que 18 millions supplémentaires se soient connectées au cours de l’année écoulée, 810 millions de femmes restent hors ligne et les femmes sont toujours moins susceptibles que les hommes d’utiliser l’Internet mobile, des smartphones, voire de posséder un téléphone . Balasubramanyam Pattath a ensuite mis l’accent sur la mesure, expliquant que l’inclusion est multifactorielle et intersectionnelle, et a présenté un programme d’enquêtes auprès des ménages destiné à saisir l’accès, l’inscription à la DPI et son utilisation, la confiance, l’autonomie d’action, ainsi que des résultats plus larges en matière d’inclusion . La session s’est achevée par des appels à l’action en faveur d’une collaboration sur la conception inclusive de la DPI, de l’adhésion aux groupes de travail techniques Women in GovTech et éducation, de l’amélioration de l’accès aux données et à la mesure, et de l’utilisation des données relatives aux inégalités entre les genres dans le domaine de la téléphonie mobile, tandis que les contributions du public ont également désigné les écoles, les bibliothèques et les bureaux de poste comme institutions d’ancrage pour accéder à la DPI lorsque les personnes ne disposent pas d’appareils personnels .

Points clés
  • Points clés

  • La discussion s’est ouverte en présentant l’exclusion des femmes et des filles comme un problème systémique d’accès lié à de multiples causes plutôt que comme une lacune liée à un seul facteur. Les participants ont cité la pauvreté, la position sociale, la géographie, la culture, la sécurité, le manque d’écoles, l’insuffisance des installations sanitaires et la faiblesse de la prestation des services publics, tout en soulignant également que l’infrastructure seule ne garantit pas l’adoption sans gestion du changement, engagement communautaire et renforcement de la confiance.
  • Krisstina Rao a présenté l’infrastructure publique numérique (DPI) comme une réponse transversale à l’échelle de l’État à ces obstacles horizontaux d’accès, soutenant que les mêmes obstacles qui affectent la scolarisation touchent aussi l’accès à la santé, à l’identité, aux transports et à d’autres services publics. Elle a expliqué la DPI comme une infrastructure partagée et unifiée pouvant aider les gouvernements à dépasser une numérisation en silos pour aller vers une prestation de services intégrée pour des personnes comme « Maria ». - Un thème majeur a été que les femmes doivent contribuer à concevoir la DPI pour que celle-ci réponde efficacement à leurs besoins. Kathleen Ziemann a soutenu que, tout comme les villes ont historiquement été conçues sans tenir compte des femmes, les systèmes numériques risquent de reproduire les biais de genre à moins que les femmes ne soient associées au développement. Elle a décrit le Women in GovTech Challenge de GovStack et les processus communautaires comme des moyens d’intégrer des développeuses et des agentes de la fonction publique dans la conception des systèmes, avec des exemples du Brésil et de Bogotá montrant des solutions portées par des femmes pour surmonter les obstacles à l’accès.
  • L’éducation et les écoles ont été présentées comme un point d’entrée essentiel pour l’inclusion des filles dans la société numérique. Carolina Anselmino a mis en lumière l’ampleur de l’exclusion à travers les écarts en matière de scolarisation et de connectivité, notant que la connectivité à elle seule ne résoudra pas le problème de la non-scolarisation des filles. Elle a soutenu que les écoles et les systèmes de gestion de l’éducation peuvent servir de points d’entrée pour l’identité numérique, l’accès aux services et le suivi ventilé par genre, tandis que la Charte de l’UIT pour les plateformes publiques d’apprentissage numérique vise à orienter des systèmes d’apprentissage numérique inclusifs et interopérables.
  • La connectivité, l’accès mobile, les paiements et de meilleures données ont été identifiés comme des leviers essentiels de la participation des femmes à la DPI. Soheib Nunhuck a souligné qu’une connectivité mobile significative est fondamentale, car sans elle, les femmes ne peuvent pas utiliser l’identité numérique, les paiements ni les services publics ; il a également mis en avant la persistance d’écarts entre les sexes dans la possession de téléphones, l’usage des smartphones et l’utilisation de l’Internet mobile. Balasubramanyam Pattath a ajouté que l’inclusion doit être mesurée à l’aide de données ventilées et intersectionnelles, proposant des enquêtes et des données administratives complémentaires pour comprendre où se produit l’exclusion et comment les politiques peuvent y répondre. Kevin Hernandez a élargi la discussion sur l’accès en plaidant pour des institutions d’ancrage telles que les bureaux de poste, les écoles et les bibliothèques comme points d’accès physiques pour les personnes sans appareil.
  • L’objectif général de la discussion était d’examiner comment la DPI peut devenir une véritable opportunité pour les femmes et les filles en améliorant l’accès aux services publics, à la finance, à l’éducation et à la participation à la société numérique, tout en identifiant les choix de conception, les institutions, les couches de connectivité et les pratiques en matière de données nécessaires pour concrétiser les objectifs en pratique.
  • Le ton général était constructif, collaboratif et orienté vers la résolution de problèmes. Il a commencé comme une séance interactive de réflexion axée sur le diagnostic des obstacles rencontrés par des filles comme « Maria », puis est devenu plus analytique et davantage orienté vers les politiques publiques à mesure que les intervenants ont présenté des exemples concrets, des statistiques et des cadres d’analyse. À la fin, le ton a encore évolué vers l’action et le partenariat, avec de multiples appels à participer à des challenges, à des groupes de travail techniques, à des initiatives de données et à des efforts de recherche partagés.
Intervenants
P
Participant
130 wpm · 6 min
KR
Krisstina Rao
146 wpm · 15 min
KZ
Kathleen Ziemann
144 wpm · 7 min
KH
Kevin Hernandez
187 wpm · 2 min
CA
Carolina Anselmino
167 wpm · 5 min
SN
Soheib Nunhuck
161 wpm · 4 min
BP
Balasubramanyam Pattath
181 wpm · 7 min
FG
Fatma Ghayyour
127 wpm · 1 min

La session a porté sur la manière dont l’infrastructure publique numérique (DPI) peut devenir une véritable opportunité pour les femmes et les filles, plutôt qu’une couche supplémentaire de réforme qui laisse perdurer les inégalités existantes. Krisstina Rao a présenté CoDevelop Fund comme une organisation à but non lucratif travaillant avec près de 50 pays en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes, en Afrique et en Asie pour accélérer la DPI, et a cadré la discussion autour de la manière de rendre ces systèmes plus accessibles aux femmes et aux filles . Elle a ouvert la séance par un exercice interactif de réflexion collective autour d’une jeune fille fictive, Maria, qui n’était pas scolarisée, afin de faire émerger les obstacles à l’origine de l’exclusion .

Les participants ont immédiatement souligné que la situation de Maria pouvait découler de causes multiples et imbriquées. Parmi les explications avancées figuraient le statut des femmes dans la société , la précarité menstruelle et l’absence d’accès économique ou physique aux produits d’hygiène menstruelle , ainsi que des facteurs structurels plus larges, notamment la géographie, la démographie, la religion et la culture . Un autre participant a évoqué l’absence d’écoles à proximité, la mauvaise qualité de l’enseignement, les risques pour la sécurité pendant le trajet, ainsi que l’insuffisance de toilettes ou d’espaces privés pour les filles pendant leurs menstruations . Une intervention partiellement inaudible de David, du Liberia, a ensuite été reformulée par Krisstina Rao comme mettant en lumière des obstacles systémiques touchant les filles dans les communautés pauvres, en particulier en ce qui concerne les services de base et l’accès, dans les contextes africains et d’autres pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire .

Le brainstorming a également fait ressortir les limites des approches reposant uniquement sur l’infrastructure. Un participant a soutenu que la fourniture de services par l’État ne garantit pas, à elle seule, l’application, le respect des règles ou l’usage effectif, et a mis en garde contre l’idée qu’une fourniture ponctuelle entraîne automatiquement l’adoption . Il a insisté sur le fait qu’il n’existe pas d’approche universelle : l’utilisation dépend de la gestion du changement, de la compréhension par les personnes de la valeur du service, de leur familiarisation avec celui-ci, et du fait que les systèmes soient co-créés et ajustés avec les communautés plutôt que simplement imposés de manière descendante .

Krisstina Rao a ensuite relié ces obstacles au cadrage plus large du panel sur la DPI. Elle a fait valoir que les mêmes raisons qui empêchent Maria d’aller à l’école risquent aussi d’affecter plus tard son accès aux services de santé, aux transports, aux licences et à d’autres formes de soutien public . Au lieu de traiter ces situations comme des défaillances isolées relevant de ministères distincts, elle les a décrites comme des obstacles horizontaux qui se répètent d’un secteur à l’autre . Dans ce contexte, elle a déclaré que la réponse est « une infrastructure publique numérique », tout en ajoutant que ce n’est pas la seule voie possible . Son propos était que les gouvernements ont souvent numérisé les services de manière verticale, un par un, alors que la DPI vise à créer une couche commune permettant de servir une même personne à travers plusieurs services . Krisstina Rao a brièvement cité les paiements comme exemple de domaine où la DPI peut soutenir les femmes et les filles, en notant que les paiements numériques peuvent réduire les frictions dans l’accès à l’argent et aux services bancaires et améliorer l’accès au marché pour les entrepreneures .

Kathleen Ziemann a ensuite présenté la perspective de GovStack. Elle a expliqué qu’elle codirige le Programme mondial sur la transformation numérique à la GIZ et que GovStack est une initiative DPI financée par l’Allemagne, l’Estonie, l’UIT, DAI et d’autres partenaires, déjà mise en œuvre dans 25 pays, dont les activités couvrent les domaines de l'identité, des paiements et des éléments fondamentaux de l'échange de données . Son argument central était que les systèmes numériques peuvent reproduire les mêmes biais de genre que ceux observés dans les infrastructures physiques s’ils sont conçus sans tenir compte des besoins des femmes . En s’appuyant sur l’analogie de la planification urbaine, elle a expliqué que de nombreuses villes avaient été conçues par des ingénieurs masculins et, de ce fait, ne prenaient souvent pas en compte les réalités des femmes en matière de sécurité, de mobilité et de prise en charge des proches ; elle a averti que la DPI pouvait échouer de manière similaire si seules des équipes techniques en déterminaient la forme .

Kathleen Ziemann a soutenu que les femmes devraient être directement associées à la construction de ces systèmes. Elle a présenté le Women in GovTech Challenge de GovStack, qui réunit des développeuses avec des femmes travaillant dans le service public afin de leur offrir du mentorat et de prototyper des services publics numériques . Elle a également mis l’accent sur une approche fondée sur les communautés, affirmant que les femmes savent souvent ce qui manque dans les villes, les municipalités et les services publics en raison de leur rôle quotidien de soutien aux familles et aux communautés . Parmi ses exemples figuraient des travaux menés au Brésil sur la certification du justificatif de domicile, où l’absence de documents empêchait les femmes d’accéder à la protection sociale, aux soins de santé et à d’autres services, ainsi qu’un exemple à Bogotá où un chatbot accessible, « Bogota Listens », a été développé pour permettre aux habitants de signaler à la ville des besoins élémentaires en matière d’infrastructure . Krisstina Rao a approuvé ce point, affirmant que lorsque les systèmes sont conçus à partir de l’expérience vécue des usagers, les femmes apportent des éclairages que d’autres peuvent négliger .

Carolina Anselmino a orienté la discussion vers l’éducation et la connectivité. S’exprimant au nom de l’initiative GIGA de l’UIT, elle a expliqué que GIGA est un programme conjoint UIT-UNICEF visant à connecter toutes les écoles du monde à Internet . Elle a souligné l’ampleur de l’exclusion : 2,2 milliards de personnes sont encore non connectées, dont beaucoup de femmes et de filles ; la moitié des six millions d’écoles dans le monde sont encore hors ligne ; et environ 500 millions d’élèves sont non connectés . Elle a ajouté que 119 millions de filles ne sont toujours pas scolarisées et que, dans les contextes de crise, les filles ont 2,5 fois plus de risques que les garçons d’être exclues de l’éducation . Son idée principale était que la connectivité est nécessaire, mais non suffisante, car même une connectivité scolaire universelle ne résoudrait pas à elle seule les schémas plus profonds d’exclusion auxquels les filles sont confrontées .

Carolina Anselmino a ensuite avancé que les écoles pourraient servir de point d’entrée vers des systèmes numériques plus larges. Évoquant l’extension de l’identité numérique au Nigeria, elle a indiqué que l’enrôlement avait triplé en quatre ans, les femmes s’inscrivant en plus grand nombre que les hommes, et que l’enrôlement des enfants était passé de 750 000 à 17 millions . Cela l'a amenée à se demander si les écoles pourraient servir de passerelle vers l'identité numérique et aider les pouvoirs publics à « recenser l'existence de ces filles » dans le système public . Elle a souligné que cela dépend de la capacité des systèmes d’information sur la gestion de l’éducation à collecter des données ventilées par genre, car les filles restent invisibles si les systèmes ne les distinguent pas des garçons . Elle a également présenté la Charte de l’UIT pour une plateforme publique d’apprentissage numérique, élaborée avec l’UNESCO et l’UNICEF, comme un cadre en sept principes destiné à guider les pays dans la création ou l’acquisition de plateformes numériques d’apprentissage inclusives, interopérables et fiables, sans dépendance vis-à-vis d’un fournisseur . Elle a noté que l’UIT traduit désormais ces principes en spécifications techniques, notamment sur les registres et les justificatifs vérifiables, car les principes à eux seuls ne permettent pas de faire avancer la mise en œuvre .

Krisstina Rao a développé ce point en affirmant que les écoles constituent souvent la première infrastructure institutionnelle à laquelle les enfants, et en particulier les filles, sont confrontés dans une société numérique . Elle a expliqué que les écoles produisent des informations importantes sur le moment où les filles entrent et quittent l’école, sur le soutien dont elles ont besoin, sur ce qu’elles étudient, et sur la manière dont les systèmes éducatifs se connectent à d’autres services comme les vaccinations et les programmes de repas scolaires . Associée aux remarques de Carolina Anselmino, cette idée a positionné les écoles comme un point d’entrée pratique vers des systèmes publics plus larges, un point qui a ensuite été élargi par Kevin Hernandez à d’autres institutions d’accès public également .

Soheib Nunhuck, de la GSMA, a introduit un argument complémentaire : sous la plupart des discussions sur la DPI se trouve une couche plus fondamentale, celle d’une connectivité mobile significative . Alors que les débats commencent souvent par l’identité, les paiements et l’échange de données, il a soutenu que les femmes et les filles ne peuvent utiliser aucun de ces systèmes sans accès mobile . Selon lui, la première infrastructure numérique à laquelle sont confrontées de nombreuses femmes n'est ni un système d'identification ni un moyen de paiement, mais un téléphone portable connecté à un réseau . Il a donc présenté la connectivité comme un fondement de la participation aux services rendus possibles par la DPI .

Soheib Nunhuck a étayé cet argument par les chiffres de la GSMA sur l’écart entre les genres dans l’usage du mobile. Il a déclaré que 1,5 milliard de femmes dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire utilisent l’internet mobile et que 18 millions de femmes se sont connectées au cours de l’année précédente . En parallèle, environ 810 millions de femmes n’utilisent toujours pas l’Internet mobile, les femmes ont 12 % de chances en moins que les hommes d’utiliser l’internet mobile, 13 % de chances en moins d’utiliser un smartphone, et 7 % de chances en moins de posséder un téléphone mobile . Il a insisté sur l’importance de ces écarts, car ils conditionnent l’accès aux systèmes d’identité, aux services financiers et à d’autres opportunités numériques . Il a également fait valoir que les principaux obstacles sont, de plus en plus, le coût des smartphones et des forfaits de données, les compétences numériques et la confiance en soi, la sécurité en ligne, ainsi que la pertinence réelle des services par rapport à la vie des femmes .

Balasubramanyam Pattath a ensuite abordé la question sous l'angle de la mesure. Il a présenté le Inclusivity Measurement Programme du Global Development Network, financé par CoDevelop, qui vise à évaluer les effets de la transformation numérique sous l’angle de l’inclusion . Il a fait valoir que si le comité souhaite savoir si le DPI aide les femmes et les filles, il faut considérer l'inclusion comme allant au-delà de la simple scolarisation ou de l'accès à l'éducation . Il a décrit l’inclusion des femmes comme multifactorielle et intersectionnelle, et a exposé une approche « survey plus » qui sera mise en œuvre par cinq équipes nationales de recherche, à l’aide d’un questionnaire adapté à partir de travaux antérieurs menés en Mongolie et au Malawi . L’enquête examinera les conditions des ménages, l’accès aux téléphones mobiles et à Internet, l’infrastructure et la qualité de réception, l’existence ou non de la DPI, l’enrôlement et l’usage par les personnes, ainsi que sa contribution à la confiance, au pouvoir d’agir, au sentiment d’appartenance, à la participation et aux droits .

Balasubramanyam Pattath a ajouté que l’inclusion ne devrait pas être comprise uniquement comme l’accès à des systèmes, mais aussi comme le sentiment d’appartenance à la société, la participation à ses activités et la jouissance effective des droits . Il a indiqué que le programme est conçu pour s’appuyer sur les enquêtes existantes plutôt que de les dupliquer, comme celles de la GSMA et de l’UIT, tout en les complétant par des questions sur la DPI et l’inclusivité . Il a également plaidé pour la combinaison des enquêtes auprès des ménages avec d’autres formes de données, notamment les métadonnées, les données administratives et les « exhaust data », afin que les gouvernements puissent identifier où l’inclusion se produit, où apparaissent les goulets d’étranglement et pourquoi .

Dans une synthèse ultérieure, Krisstina Rao a mis en avant plusieurs opportunités qui ne sont pas encore exploitées de manière homogène. Elle a affirmé que les femmes peuvent et doivent participer à la conception des systèmes numériques, mais que cela ne se produit toujours pas de manière systématique . Elle a également indiqué qu’il existe une compréhension insuffisante non seulement des données disponibles, mais aussi des domaines dans lesquels elles sont utiles et de la manière dont elles devraient réellement être utilisées pour l’élaboration des politiques et la prise de décision . Elle est revenue sur les écoles en tant que point de contact critique pour la première interaction des filles avec les systèmes numériques et a suggéré que les enseignements qui en sont tirés devraient orienter la conception ultérieure de la DPI .

Les interventions du public ont élargi la discussion. Kevin Hernandez, de l’Union postale universelle, a soutenu que de nombreuses discussions sur la DPI supposent que les gens disposent d'appareils personnels, alors qu'en réalité, l'accès public peut revêtir une importance plus grande pour les groupes les moins connectés . Il a proposé de considérer les écoles, les bibliothèques et les bureaux de poste comme des institutions d’ancrage pouvant fournir des points d’accès aux communautés . Parmi les exemples qu'il a cités, on peut citer les bureaux de poste servant de centres d'inscription à l'Aadhaar en Inde, les bureaux de poste d'autres pays permettant aux usagers d'accéder à des services de paiement numérique s'appuyant sur la technologie DPI, ainsi que les systèmes postaux prenant en charge l'adressage numérique. . Cela a apporté une correction pratique à la discussion en soulignant l’importance persistante de points d’accès physiques de confiance.

Une autre participante du public, Fatma Ghayyour, a noté que l’inclusion numérique affecte aussi la participation à la société physique et a demandé comment les décideurs devraient travailler avec des données incomplètes, contradictoires et fragmentées . Balasubramanyam Pattath a répondu que son programme s'appuie sur des chercheurs locaux de renom disposant de contacts au sein des instances décisionnaires, et qu'il vise à la fois à collecter des données et à soutenir les actions de plaidoyer en faveur de la mise à disposition des données détenues par les pouvoirs publics, ainsi qu'à regrouper différentes sources en un ensemble minimal de variables exploitables .

La session s’est terminée rapidement en raison de contraintes de temps, avec une série rapide d’invitations et une brève référence au point soulevé par Sahana dans le chat sur la « couche de sensibilité liée à la culture et au ménage » dans l’inclusion numérique des femmes et des filles . Krisstina Rao a invité les participants à s’engager avec l’Agenda Fund de CoDevelop pour des travaux visant à rendre les services numériques plus inclusifs pour les femmes et les filles . Kathleen Ziemann a encouragé les personnes présentes à rejoindre la session du Women in GovTech Challenge . Carolina Anselmino a invité à participer aux groupes de travail techniques sur les registres et les justificatifs vérifiables afin que les données ventilées par genre, la cybersécurité et la sûreté soient intégrées dans les spécifications liées à l’éducation . Balasubramanyam Pattath a accueilli favorablement les collaborations sur l’accès aux données, les cadres de mesure et les outils d’enquête modulaires . Soheib Nunhuck a orienté les participants vers le rapport et le webinaire de la GSMA sur le Mobile Gender Gap .

Plusieurs thèmes communs se sont dégagés de la discussion. Les intervenants et les participants ont décrit à plusieurs reprises l’exclusion des femmes et des filles comme étant façonnée par des obstacles qui se chevauchent, notamment la pauvreté, les normes sociales, les lacunes en matière d’infrastructure, la sécurité, l’assainissement, l’accessibilité financière, les compétences numériques et la pertinence . Ils sont également revenus sur quelques préoccupations communes de mise en œuvre : la DPI devrait fonctionner à travers les services plutôt que dans des silos isolés ; l’infrastructure seule ne garantit pas l’adoption ; les femmes doivent contribuer à façonner les systèmes si ceux-ci doivent refléter leurs réalités ; les écoles et autres institutions publiques peuvent servir de points d’entrée vers des systèmes plus larges ; la connectivité est fondamentale ; et de meilleures données ventilées par genre et sensibles au contexte sont nécessaires pour les politiques et la conception .

Un thème récurrent a été que la DPI pour les femmes et les filles n’est pas seulement une question technique. La discussion a relié la conception des systèmes, l’éducation, l’accès mobile, les institutions publiques et la mesure, tout en soulignant que l’inclusion dépend du fait que ces systèmes soient construits autour des réalités vécues des femmes et étayés par des éléments de preuve exploitables . Plutôt que de se conclure sur une solution unique, la session a mis en avant un programme d’action concret : associer les femmes à la conception, renforcer l'accès effectif tant par le biais des institutions mobiles que publiques, recourir aux écoles et à d'autres points d'entrée reconnus, améliorer la qualité des données tenant compte des questions de genre, et continuer à relier l'architecture technique aux réalités sociales et institutionnelles .

Krisstina Rao
We have an incredible set of panelists, if I may say so myself, to talk about the different facets of Watch for a Year to discuss, which is the DPI opportunity for women and girls. To introduce myself, I'm Christina Rao. I work with CoDevelop Fund, which is a nonprofit fund that is helping accelerate the adoption of digital public infrastructure across countries. We work with almost 50 countries now across the world, across Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and now also Asia. And what we've been thinking about the past while is how can DPI be made more accessible and an opportunity for women and girls? And that's a discussion that we're really having today with some partners who are phenomenal and doing great work on the topic. And also, hopefully, with an online. There's just as interested in the in the topic to kick us off. I am. would like to propose a brainstorming exercise because where you're after a lunch session and it's not the best slot to have but also I don't want to be talking that much and I would love to hear from you guys so just for the online audience sake let me share my screen and I think you can see this for those who just joined us in the room it's a post lunch session so it's a brainstorm and there's no wrong answers so meet Maria Maria is not in school why you mommy any answers sorry what is what is one of the reasons she doesn't like pads Oh, why doesn't she have pads? Accessible. Why is it not accessible? I
Participant
t's also because of the position of women in the society.
Krisstina Rao
Yeah, let's switch on our mics for the online audience. Thank you. Y
Participant
eah, so as you said before, it could be that she doesn't have pads because of peer poverty. And why? Because she doesn't have access economically and maybe also physically. You cannot even get them.
Krisstina Rao
That's brilliant. You've reached access. Any other reasons why Maria is not in school? Just to get at you.
Participant
eah, I can classify them into a couple of buckets. We have equity. It could be, and as she said, you know. how probably the geography she's from is not well planned for, could also be related to demographic issues and so on but there are also, you know, cultural concerns also that could be religious and it's a spectrum and it's broader than just a reason, that's why I wanted to use different buckets but development and advancement does not always translate to equitable assets or reach and that's something that's also very dear to me personally so that's why I started by saying it could be a million reasons but Maria, not in school, could mean a lot of things.
Krisstina Rao
Does it, and trying to adjust towards the topic slightly, does it have anything to do with government service provision? Anything that causes problems with access?
Participant
It could be. Government service provision, the provision of service alone or by itself does not translate to enforcement, does not translate to compliance. And then also, I think there's also the misunderstanding that the one -time provision of an infrastructure directly translates to use. But then there's a change management component of use. People have to be embodied. People have to understand. People have to see the value proposition. People now have to be more comfortable or like or love whatever that is. And that's... That's why there is no one -size -fits -all kind of approach to, I mean, posts. okay I'll step back a bit I think here in forums and events like this we talk a lot about frameworks, about governance about sometimes it doesn't move the needle, it doesn't change implementation and sustainability what changes implementation and sustainability has a lot to do with change management, has a lot to do with iteration because you probably go in with an idea or you go in with a hypothesis but you actually need to co -create or change as you learn more from what is on the ground right so most times all of that is not taught and it's not only you know we don't only have to rely on the government for this there's government but there's also the community aspect of it and then there's also the personal conviction
Krisstina Rao
yeah staying with a lot of mentions you made around it access around collaboration around incentive for participation thank you thank you for your contributions um any more voices in the room or voices online um i think it's okay for you to just unmic and participate if you would like to uh since i can't always see you anyone in the room yes s
Participant
o i think um maria's not in school it could also be because of the lack of infrastructure uh there may not even be schools uh in a play that's yes sorry there may not even be schools in um her proximity to begin with or if there are schools there might be um safety issues uh depending on the location and where maria's not in school um and maybe there could it just it just could be that the quality of the education isn't there so the community doesn't believe in it um yeah but i think uh from my understanding it's a lot of times is related to the lack of infrastructure of the physical schools and it being able to provide the service of education to students. And since Maria is likely a girl, just safety. Maybe commuting to school, that could be unsafe for her or maybe even in school she might feel unsafe or there might not be enough things for her. For example, enough washrooms. If Maria is menstruating, she may not have access to a private space.
Krisstina Rao
Thank you. Those are wonderful contributions. It feels like I planted you to say infrastructure, but I did not. But that's the direction in which I wanted to move. I saw a hand online. No, that went down. David, please come in.
Participant
Thank you for the illustration. You know, when I see Maria Hand, once again, I'm David from Liberia. Seeing Maria Hand takes me back to our African setting where you grow up from a very impoverished community or village or town where we lack basic services. And it takes time for you to migrate. So if you see, like, the school, the diagram, the school, then something on the other side, like Maria Resident or Residential, is there a way you can get?
Krisstina Rao
Sorry, David, we seem to have lost you. Infrastructure also led us into that. Okay, we might. We might go on. Okay. basic local environment I think I think I got the gist which is systemic issues around access to services especially in context that you pointed out in Africa but also several other low and middle income countries world thank you David thank you for participating in the brainstorm this was a post lunch session so tough to kick off but I'm excited to see some enthusiasm in the room so Maria not being in school there's no new reasons that have come out from this discussion but it's worth staying with the insights that the reason why Maria is not in school is probably the same reason why she also can't access health services, why she potentially grows up and cannot access the government services in different ways, whether that's transport, a driving license, some other services for the sake of just participating in a new digital society. And we're really trying to investigate what that means for this multiplicity. It's not one government service. It's not one government. It's the same issue that is faced across departments in a horizontal way across government. And what are governments doing about this is an answer. A digital public infrastructure is the answer. And it's not the only way. In the past, governments have been digitizing services rather vertically. And DPI tries to reframe that to say, hey, if you're trying to provide the same kind of service to the same person, why not do it in a unified way? But what is digital public infrastructure? And it's not just about the infrastructure. why is it becoming so important is something we really need to break down because I think the word DPI has been thrown around a lot and it's been discussed in many different forms. Our emphasis really in this discussion is to ask what is this common shared infrastructure that seems to be able to give Maria access to schools and period products or health services or a driver's license whenever she needs it. And since we're dealing with many, many Marias across the world, we're asking how can we convince governments and its partners to invest in these common infrastructural services in a way that is meaningful and actually gets Maria the kind of participation she wants and she needs in society. So there are a few examples of DPI working for women and girls. There's ways in which digital payments can reduce the time taken to access. money and banking services. For female entrepreneurs, there's digital retail payments. They give them better access to markets and more segments of the market. And governments also can learn from providing these services to a general population. What works better for women and girls? This is a topic we'd like to dive a little deeper into today. So we've invited a number of practitioners on this topic and an expert selection. Of intervenants. So with that, and I'm sorry, there's no there's no name card, so you can't see this visibly. But I'll just hand it over to the person on my right, Kathleen, who's leading, who's co -leading the Global Program on Digital Transformation and GovStack at GIZ. Over to you, Kathleen.
Kathleen Ziemann
Yes. Hello. My name is Kathleen Seaman. I'm the co -lead of the Global Program of Digital Transformation at the German Development Agency. We are funded by the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. And we are currently implementing the GovStack initiative. And GovStack is a DPI initiative that has been funded by. Germany, Estonia, ITU, DAI and others, and has the vision and the idea to support governments worldwide to create affordable and digitally sovereign public services for their citizens. So far, GovSec is implemented in 25 countries with a variety of different technical specifications, be it identity, be it payment, be it data exchange protocols, can be everything that you might already know under the term of digital public infrastructure. And should I go on and tell a bit more about how we kind of support the idea of women in digital public infrastructure or also how to better reach them via digital public infrastructures or by DPI? So first of all, maybe if you think... of DPI as really the kind of basis for all digital infrastructure. And it's also the way how maybe we would build our cities. And many cities have not been built with women in mind. You remember, for example, dark roads, speaking at the women at the table, or maybe reduced public spaces that do not offer our children to play safely. And this happened because cities were planned by engineers and they were planned by male engineers. And that means many of them did not keep in mind what women actually might need in terms of using cities. And that is one part of the problem we try to address with GovStack in terms of really making our development processes and our stack building processes available to women. And we do that by... offering a Women in GovTech Challenge where we specifically address... female developers, but also women working in public service to come together to get mentorship and to develop prototypes that help to address questions around digital public service delivery. That's it. And we also really try to do with Gostek, we try to kind of have a community -based approach because you might be also aware that many women do a lot of community work, that they mostly know best what is lacking in their cities or in their governments and municipalities. And we really try to kind of integrate those women and actors into the development of what we do. And you can always become part of an expert community, of a working group. and really also kind of introduce your knowledge about it. And just to give you two examples, for example, in Brazil, we've been working with a great person developing proof of address certifications that help women to get access to important social protection, health care, and so on. And this proof of address is so important in Brazil. If you don't have it, you can't access any other service. And that was something our contact person found out. And I was like, this is really where we need to get started. Maybe we can build a prototype on that. And another one, another example I really liked is the Bogota License application created with a colleague in Bogota that also really drives forward this community -based idea. That women know best what the government should do because they live the community and they have the everyday experience of what it means to entertain the basic ideas of family and well -being. And Bogota Listens is basically a chatbot, but that is very accessible for also people that don't have much time and helps them to address basic needs and infrastructure requirements that are important so the city can act on it. So I think maybe I don't want to take too much time off the others, but you get the idea, but it's really to help or to enable women to build their digital cities basically and not to leave it to the designers and engineers that are mostly men. And if you want to join and see what that means also in practice, we have a lot of people that are in the city that are in the city that are in the city that are in the city that are in the city that are in the city that are in the city that are in the city. We have a women, a GovTech challenge happening on Thursday this week during this is. around 12 I think but you'll find it also online where you will see some of the winners of the challenge where you will see what they build into their products and prototypes and where you can get an idea about the community of more than 250 women participating in this from
Krisstina Rao
Thank you Kathleen There's a lot we can learn from users designing systems for themselves but from their own experience and lessons and how they write that into design aspects of the digital system and that's why we see women in GovTech being so successful as someone who's seen the cohort in action I can attest to how impactful the program has been because it's really empowering women to think of their own user needs and write that into digital systems which insights cannot be taken for granted. Thank you. Passing it over to you, Carolina. Carolina has been working on the topic of DPI and education at the ITU and is really talking about girls and how DPI can bring better access to girls in schools. We'd love to hear more, Carolina.
Carolina Anselmino
Thank you, Christina, and thank you, for telling us more about the women in golf. I'm a big fan. I'm Carolina. I'm from the ITU. I work with the GIGA initiative that some of you might be familiar with. It's an initiative, a joint program between UNICEF and ITU to connect all the schools to the world of the Internet. We do focus on connectivity. If we're talking about connectivity alone, there is already a gap because if we estimate 2 .2 billion, the most recent number from the ITU is 2 .2 billion unconnected. And people still nowadays, of which the majority is women and girls, and out of the 6 million schools that are in the world, still half are unconnected. So that means about 500 million students, of which the majority is potentially girls, are still unconnected. So there is already an issue with access. But beyond that, there is an issue that connectivity won't fix, which is 119 million girls still out of school. So and so it's and it's quite interesting that the case study that that Christina brought was Maria being out of school. But but that that's the reality. And I don't have an answer on why this is happening personally. But we still see the 2 .5 girls are 2 .5 times more likely in a crisis situation to be left out of schools compared to boys in the same settings. So this is quite I mean, to me, that's that's a statistic that really made me think. Um. ahead of the session specifically. So the question really is not just how do we connect all the schools, because if we connect all the schools tomorrow, we still have 120 million girls out of schools. So how do we make sure that we transform the education system in a way that ensures that we are trying to bridge the gap rather than just build on top of an existing gap that will remain? And I've seen interesting cases of, for example, Nigeria, Nigeria that built a digitalization of ID system. It started in 2020, a project with the World Bank and other partners. And four years after, the number of people enrolled in digital ID program was tripled. But the number of women was much higher than the number of men. So that's already an interesting statistic. But more interestingly, and sorry, I'm giving a lot of numbers, but the number of kids, children that had enrolled in a digital ID program was tripled. The number of kids that had enrolled in a digital ID system went from 750 ,000 to 17 million. so that is huge and this is what I wanted to leave maybe as a food for thought to this group here is that can schools be the entry point for digitalization of ID so for starting to track that girls exist so if we look at it like that the idea and then it becomes a very practical question and my colleague here will then build on it I think but the question is are we track is the EMIS education management information system which is basically analytics for the educational sector is it tracking gender disaggregated data or not like does it know who's a boy and who's a girl because if the girl girls are the data isn't tracking that then girls are invisible and then they're invisible to the policies as well and so we followed that said just to say more of what we are doing as ITU continue to do that and we're going to continue to do that and we're going to continue to do that and we're going to and partially collaborating with UNESCO and UNICEF. This year we released a charter that is called the Charter for Public Digital Learning Platform and it's seven principles. I mean, I can share more information, but it's a normative anchor for the digitalization of the education sector. So it should support countries in guiding the procurement or building themselves digital learning platforms that are inclusive, trustworthy, interoperable, and avoiding vendor lock -in, and a lot of other very technical but also very less technical principles such as pedagogical. And right now we are working into translating that into technical specifications. So this is what we call the operalization of this charter because, yes, you have principles, you have a normative framework, but as you said, that's not moving the needle. So how do we move the needle? We hope that by supporting countries, building the technology, that there will be more, it would be easier for them to either, again, build or procure and design. digital learning platforms, such as registries, verifiable credentials for education. So in a way, that's where inclusion would hopefully start from. And then I do have a proposal, a call to action, but I will save it for later. Thank you for sticking to that.
Krisstina Rao
Yeah, sure. Thank you so much, Carlina. You brought up a very, very crucial point, which is that for different segments of the population, infrastructure looks different. For not only girls, but also children, schools as an institution become the first infrastructure many of them access. And schools have so much information about how this segment of the population, and girls especially, need to be treated, what kind of services they need, and how that needs to become their legacy of access. to digital society as a whole, tracking first, you know, when do girls enter? When do they leave school? What do they study? What do they need help with? So everything from the more administrative aspects of schooling to pedagogical aspects of where they need specific interventions. And we're seeing more and more use cases of schools and DPI in education being really successful because schools are realizing that, hey, this is the first time this whole population is interacting with society digitally. And we're not being able to understand better about them just collecting the information we do. Let's see what we can do if we manage to connect our own system with something around vaccinations, with something around midday meals, scheme delivery systems. And there's a lot of value to be added to governments there. You mentioned a point on disaggregation. We've been discussing it a little bit. But before we go into that, let me invite. one of our intervenants online, Soeb, working with the GSME to talk about DPI and the realm of payment systems and how women and girls have been accessing this. Soeb, over to you.
Soheib Nunhuck
Thank you very much, Christina. I hope everyone can hear me all right.
Krisstina Rao
Yes, we can.
Soheib Nunhuck
Excellent. Thank you. So once again, thank you very much for the invitation and thank you to CoDevelop for bringing together such a really timely and important discussion here at WSIS. So my name is Soheb Nunhuk. I am the Senior DPI Policy Manager within the GSMA. And at the GSMA, we represent the global mobile industry altogether. So our work or actually our experience and perspective on digital public infrastructure really starts one layer below where most DPI discussions would often begin. When we talk about DPI, we naturally think about all the different components, whether it's about digital identity, digital payments and data exchange. And these are rightly recognized as the foundational systems of more inclusive digital economies. However, I think from our perspective, there is one foundation that actually determines. whether women and girls can actually benefit from any of these systems, and that is meaningful mobile connectivity. To be pretty straightforward and really to expand on some of the arguments that were raised about connectivity, just like in the field of education, without connectivity, there hardly can be any DPI. A digital identity cannot be used. A digital payment cannot be received. Digital health, education and government services, as well as other private sector services cannot be accessed. For millions of women around the world, I would argue that the first piece of digital infrastructure that they experience is not a digital identity or a payment system. It actually is a mobile network. Most of the most of the meaningful interactions in the digital economy for users to be meaningfully connected will happen through a mobile device. So this is really why the GSMA really believes that connectivity is not just simply complementary to DPI. It is actually foundational. It's a more inclusive digital public infrastructure. So I'm just going to also share a couple of starting statistics from our latest mobile gender gap report that shows some encouraging progress. And there will be a webinar scheduled on July 15th for more information. So as of today, we do know that 1.5 billion women across middle income countries today use mobile Internet. And yet around 18 million women came online during the past year alone. And that is very much good progress. But the challenge remains rather significant. We do know that around 810 million women today are still not using mobile Internet. We do know that women remain 12 percent less likely to use a mobile mobile Internet, 13 percent less likely to use a smartphone and 7 percent less likely to own a mobile phone than men. And what I'm really showcasing here, really, as my opening remarks, is that these are not just connectivity statistics. This is really about millions of women who remain excluded from digital identity. systems, financial services, etc., and other services that will increasingly rely on digital infrastructure. And perhaps one of the most important findings from our research is that it kind of echoed some of the remarks during the brainstorm, is that the biggest barriers are no longer primarily technical. We've heard about spectrums of reason, and so allow me to leverage the figures of speech. And so really, that calls into questions about what are those actual barriers? Is it about the affordability of smartphones? It is about affordability of mobile data. It is about digital skills and confidence, online safety and security, and whether digital services are actually relevant to the very people that we're trying to connect. So I think this is very much a timely conversation to think about all of those different barriers coming from a mobile industry perspective, and then ultimately working with the rest of the ecosystem. As to how do we bring women and girls to be meaningfully part of the digital economies as we know it today. So there are definitely lots of different barriers and enablers. It's really about how do we actually leverage each other's perspectives to really bring some solutions that will be for DPI to be a tide that raises all ships and to avoid widening existing inequalities. So I'm very happy to be part of this conversation and to hear other perspectives. Back to you, Christina.
Krisstina Rao
Thank you. Thank you, Saif. That was a wonderful intervention. I think you've touched on an aspect that is popular within DPI, which is the aspect of payments. But it's less studied until we start talking about gender. And you've already given some stats and so have the other intervenants, so I won't reiterate. But I think increasingly we're treating payments and digital payments, mobile money, as a way to really see participation of women in digital services. So I think that's something that we need to be thinking about as we're talking about this. anymore. It's no longer participation through physical means, it's participation through digital means. And that's where payments happen and retail payments come in, not only from the perspective of paying for goods and services and commodities, but also leveraging this as a means to for, say, female entrepreneurs, like we earlier on discussed an example. Thank you, Shoaib. With that, I'm going to pass it on to Balu, who's here to discuss a slightly left field topic, but Carolina kind of has primed us to think about it, which is all of these systems are well and good. Governments are building them, private sectors are using them. What can we learn from it? It's been going on for a while. Is there any data that's coming out that's telling us something meaningful about women's and girls' participation? And what should we keep poking at and potentially replicate? Over to you, Balu.
Balasubramanyam Pattath
thanks to Jania. Thanks Christina and thank you Christina CoDevelop ITU for having GDN at this event and thanks to all the wonderful colleagues you've managed to get here for this conversation. So just a little bit about GDN. We are the global development network. I'm an economist and the research lead of a program that's funded by CoDevelop. It's called the Inclusivity Measurement Program and it comes under our digital transformation facility. GDN is a 25 -year -old public treaty -based international organization, very small with six member countries. It was started in 1999 in the World Bank with the goal of supporting local researchers who do research in the social sciences and till date we've supported over 4 ,000 researchers in over 120 countries and the idea is basically that the research is done by people who are in the context and can feed that research and information back to the people who can do something about this research and with social science research it always has. So this program that we're a part of is directly relevant to the topic that we're discussing because when you think about the impact potentially and the opportunity of BPI on women and girls, you have to think about inclusion as a potential metric through which you understand this impact, not only because you want to see if they're included or not, because we've spoken about access, we've spoken about understanding whether they're part of the system early on, which is a very nice way to think about how if they're included at that stage, then you can track them at later stages. And if you don't track them at that early stage, then maybe you miss out and you don't understand where the exclusion happened. But it's also to talk about how in terms of inclusion, it often tends to be multifactorial. So especially inclusion of women or exclusion of women can have so many causes that go beyond just measuring the gender variable and understanding if they're included because of that. It's intersectional, as we like to say in the social sciences. So a survey or any form of systematic comprehensive measurement that lets you understand different variables, different constructs that are related to gender, often maybe caused by or depending on or influenced by or correlated with, help you understand at the end when you have a complete picture through this data, what happens in terms of inclusion, to what extent, why and why not, if inclusion is happening and if it is not. And our program is basically a survey plus. So what we do now is we have a global call that's almost at the end of completion and we're going to select five national research teams. We've designed a questionnaire that is actually a scale up of a previous project that CoDevelop did with two countries, Mongolia and Malawi. The idea of this questionnaire is to measure inclusion at the household level by going to households and asking individual respondents, questions about who they are, the conditions in their society that probably allow them to be part of it. So access to a mobile, access to Internet, the state of infrastructure, even seeing if a cell tower has a reception in the house that we're going to. The third part would be DPI, whether DPI exists. And we will be surveying in countries that it does and understanding if they are enrolled, if they have access, if they're using it, if they're benefiting from it, basically to understand if a national ID exists, like, you know, how that user responds to it and interacts with it. The fourth is as a result of using this DPI, how does it create intermediate impacts in terms of trust in the system, in the DPI, in the broader society at large, and also the agency that they feel to use this DPI to access the public provision entitlements that might be available to them, as my colleague here was saying. And the fifth is to map this all back to inclusion and inclusivity. So not just thinking of inclusion as being having access or being enrolled or, you know, using a DPI, for example, but also a feeling of belonging in the society, participation in the society and its activities, and rights that you enjoy. So rights you may have, but rights you may not be actively using. So the survey is designed to not be an additional survey in a world of very good surveys. I know GSMA has one, ITU has a manual, but we're really using questions from these existing surveys, adding a few new questions that people have not asked before on DPI and what it means to measure inclusivity, and then trying to institutionalize this instrument at the end of this five project program. And we're in talks with the ITU, for example, we're part of the expert group on ICT household indicators, and hopefully our survey serves as some kind of measurement where later these indicators can be taken up into a manual from where over the next many years it will flow downstream as indicators you can capture that can give you information on gender disaggregation, maybe on even some intersectional elements that we can identify. Because the idea of having a conceptual framework is to be able to say where exactly at different points of the chain, the choke points happen in terms of inclusion and exclusion. So So I am really happy to be part of this discussion. And I want to make a pitch for disaggregated data. Yes, household survey is like the gold standard, but it's also the hardest to do. That's why it's usually the gold standard. So there's other forms of data, which Christina and I discussed last week. It's called exhaust data or you'd call it metadata or preliminary. And we want to find a middle ground, maybe through some brainstorming following on, on how just having all these forms of data coming together in a sustainable way for governments to use and interact with can lead to identifying exactly where inclusion happens. Why? To what extent? And if not, why? Thank you.
Krisstina Rao
Thank you, Balu. You've really covered the spectrum of all of the data. And thank you to all of the intervenants for bringing such wonderful ideas. Into the room. Something that stayed with me is that there is an opportunity on the table. It's not true that everyone. rising to the opportunity. There is an opportunity to include women in designing digital systems so that digital systems then speak more to the needs of women and girls. It doesn't always happen. There is an opportunity to take data from these systems and really help in a positive way target the right kind of services and benefits to women and girls. But one, there is poor understanding of what this data looks like, where is it beneficial, and exactly how it needs to be leveraged for policymaking, decision -making. Carolina has brought to us a very useful lever, which is schools as the institution that girls interact almost for the first time in a digital society and how they should be treated as a more serious touchpoint for a better understanding about how girls participate in digital societies. and leveraging insights from that to design better DPI for girls and then for women. And of course, Shoaib has tried to reframe how we look at participation through money and digital finance and to say that mobile payments can be a very important lever for access to digital societies through financial activities and banking activities. Thank you to all of the intervenants. This is a wishless session, and I know it's been difficult to invite participation, but I wanted to check if there's any open thoughts, insights, questions in the room or online also.
Kevin Hernandez
Hello, everyone. So my name is Kevin Hernandez. I am a digital inclusion expert at the Universal Postal Union. We're a UN organization that focuses on the post, which we're one of the lesser knowns. I work on a project called Connect That Post, which aims to connect every post office in the world to the Internet. And I want to pick up on that point about security. School is being an entry point. One of the things we really try to promote is the use of anchor institutions more generally, including schools, libraries and post offices as entry points for less connected communities. Because one of the things that you often see in the DPI debates is that you're speaking about these building blocks, but it's all based on the assumption that people have devices to interact with these building blocks. But what happens when you don't? So we are promoting this idea of kind of digital public infrastructure where you have a public place to access these services. And actually, we have many examples around the world of post offices being used for this. So everybody knows Adhar, for example. Adhar is very famous. But what many people don't know is that there are Adhar enrollment centers where people go into a physical place to enroll into Adhar. And post offices serve as one of these touch points. And you also have in other countries people accessing their digital payments through post. Post offices that are actually underpinned by DPI. And Kathleen is your name, right? You said something about digital addressing. And actually, that is something that posts around the world are also supporting. So it would be interesting to speak to both you and Carolina. Thank you.
Fatma Ghayyour
Hello everyone, my name is Fatma I'm a digital governance and AI professional it was a very interesting discussion and panel here so thank you so much to all of the panelists for sharing their insights it's really nice to see that even though with DPI a lot of times we talk about the digital society it's quite different In fact, this digital society is facilitating the inclusion in the physical society as well. And that's super interesting. I actually have a question for Bala. So I recently concluded a project on developing a framework for digital justice. And something that I noticed was that when we are looking at data itself, it's a big challenge. Because a lot of times the data is incomplete. Or. within criminal justice, there's also contradicting data that's there. So what would be some suggestions that you might have, or how would you approach this issue of trying to unify data and have it in a standardized manner so that policymakers can actually look at the data, interpret what it is, and go ahead with their policies that would be beneficial? Thanks a
Balasubramanyam Pattath
lot for that question. Actually, it covers a point that I missed in my intervention. You have
Krisstina Rao
one minute to make that one. Yeah, so
Balasubramanyam Pattath
excellent. So what we're doing in the program, and now that I've told you the GDN logic as well, is that we work with local researchers, right? So the people that we're probably going to select are, you know, probably the top researchers in these countries. They already have linkages with the right policy people. So all of their research gets transmitted in some way, and they make sure that it just doesn't end with the project. There's a commissioning. So it's actually survey plus because the survey will also help them advocate to release some data that lies with the government. They will also use other forms of data to complement whatever research question they might be investigating. So in some sense, through these five countries, at least we'll be able to estimate a few research questions that then can help you develop a minimum set through the evidence synthesis. This is we will do a GDN of variables that can be passed on through, say, a monitoring metric that can help you answer some questions about inclusion. Actually, co -development, we are working together to develop what that minimum set looks like. And in six, seven months, we'll know through the through these five projects and the synthesis. Thank you. Thank
Krisstina Rao
you, Balu. We're unfortunately out of time. And what I'm going to do is I asked Sahana, I told Sahana, that we'll come back to her. But Sahana, if you could put your question in the chat, we'll make sure it's answered. There's a rapid fire left from the intervenants. where I'm inviting all of them for calls to action to share with this room and everyone online, because it's going to give you some fodder to discuss with each of these intervenants later. So Rapid Fire and ISAT First co -develop is curating something called Agenda Fund for DPI, where we're looking for partners to collaborate on the DPI opportunity, which means that, one, if you're investing in making digital services more inclusive to women and girls, then I hope you will look at us as a worthwhile partner, not only to offer funding to, but also to design these services and systems. To you, Kathleen. I mentioned it
Kathleen Ziemann
already, but please join the Women in GovTech Challenge session on Thursday. It would be lovely to see all of you so you can see how women shape digital public infrastructure. Thank you. On my side, as I said earlier, we are starting to build technical specification for digital learning solutions and by doing that we established technical working groups and specifically one is on registry and one is on verifiable credentials. So, we welcome the participation of anyone from this room to support us in making sure that gender disaggregated data, but not just, is included by default in this technical specification just as cybersecurity and safety. And I have to run for another session at 3, so if you're interested, that's where we're actually presenting that work, by the way, room H1, right now. Thank you, Karleen.
Krisstina Rao
Balu, go for it. We welcome anyone
Balasubramanyam Pattath
who's willing to work with us to increase access to data and measurement and also help us refine the conceptual framework. And our survey is designed to be modular. So, if you want to use any of these questions in any surveys you're running, that would be interesting as well. T
Krisstina Rao
hank you. And so, Yves, you're the last of the rapid fires.
Participant
hank you, Christina. Well, please, again, I welcome everyone to check our GSM Mobile Gender Gap 2026 report. So we'll have a dedicated webinar on July 15th. There's a lot of information out there to really sort of consider really the gender gaps coming from a mobile experience and perspective. And I really believe that some of the challenges and enables that are raised in this report really can contribute in elevating it to a more DPI discussion. So I'd encourage everyone to check those resources out. Thank you very much.
Krisstina Rao
hank you, Soeb. And just a closing thought from Sahana on the online chat. She's very curious about tackling the culture and household layer of sensitivity when we're talking about digital inclusion for women and girls. And she's taken up the interest in the post brand. So, Kevin, you'll be hearing from Sahana on trying to take this to the next level. But sorry, I had to make that a short version because we're out of time and we want to respect the next session. Thank you, everyone, for participating. I hope you will stay in touch and have a rest of great wishes. Thank you. Thank you.
WS #225 Gender inequality in meaningful access in the Global South
This collaborative approach ensures that policies are informed by diverse perspectives and address real-world needs. Point majeur de discussion Policy implications and recommendations [diplo_ai_reporting_knowledge...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives
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Transforming Education | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 10
Education can also promote transparency and accountability, key components of strong institutions. Learners are equipped with the knowledge, skills and values needed to effectively collaborate and build partnerships ...
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Major discussion point Solutions and Recommendations Topics Legal and regulatory | Development | Gender rights online Accord avec - Waqas Hassan Accord on Economic imperative of gender inclusion in digital ...
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Empowering women in the IG process
https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Deirdre_Williams.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Deirdre-Williams_0.jpg
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions
2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
‘Women still under-represented in the ICT sector’ - Kroes
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Open Forum #32 Shaping an equal digital future with WSIS+20 & Beijing+30
And we assess the country, what are the gaps for those countries, how they can progress. And we have included, there are 50 countries, we have included some of the LDCs countries within our assessment. And from what w...
How technology is being used to accelerate girls inclusion and access to education
‘Teachers must help students become collaborative, problem-solving, creative learners through ICT’. The idea is to address all aspects of a teacher’s work using three different approaches to teaching with the goal of inc...
Top digital policy developments in 2019: A year in review
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Acceleration of girls education and rights to ensure sustainable gender empowerment through ICTs
Ms Monique Morrow (Chief Technical Officer, CISCO Systems) showed her presentation on The Internet of Women, an open global community that invites the world to do business with women of the Internet. At the end of presen...
DC-Inclusion & DC-PAL: Transformative digital inclusion: Building a gender-responsive and inclusive framework for the underserved
Différences Different Viewpoints Approach to measuring digital inclusion Alexandre Barbosa Kossi Amessinou Multidimensional approach to measure meaningful connectivity Internet Universality Indicators to ass...
Open Forum #29 Advancing Digital Inclusion Through Segmented Monitoring
Preuves Legal identity requirements for mobile phone connections in 155 countries create opportunities for anonymized data sharing on gender, age groups, and usage patterns for online commerce and banking through telc...
Keynote at the Mobile World Congress: Innovation for Inclusion
For those attendees who managed to get through the crazy traffic jams that turned the whole city upside down, another keynote session in Barcelona on emerging markets and innovation for inclusion took place this morning ...
1

The knowledge base supports this broader framing. It notes that educational exclusion is driven by complex, interrelated factors including affordability, poor health and nutrition, and gender-based norms, and that there is probably no single set of policy prescriptions suitable for all countries [S29] and [S108].

2

This is consistent with wider evidence in the knowledge base that gender inequality and exclusion are multi-dimensional and require context-specific policy responses rather than uniform solutions [S108].

3

The knowledge base adds useful corroborating context that exclusion is often systemic rather than sector-specific. It describes how inequalities in education are tied to wider social and economic conditions, and how women face structural impediments across multiple domains [S29] and [S28].

4

The knowledge base broadly confirms this. It states that online financial services can support women’s access to finance and financial independence, and that e-commerce platforms can help women establish businesses and access local and international markets [S43].

Kathleen Carley — Kathleen Carley
Kathleen Newland — Kathleen Newland
Katharina Ziolkowski — Katharina Ziolkowski
Nabil Shehada — Nabil Shehada
Su Sonia Herring — https://diplo-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/2023/10/Su-Sonia.jpg Ms Su Sonia Herring completed her BA in Linguistics at Hacettepe University and her MA in EU and International Studies at the Centre Internatio...
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University Diploma South School on Internet Governance | IGF 2023 Launch / Award Event #9 — I see that I have Carolina, and I have Osvaldo, Mariela. Mariela, Carolina, Osvaldo, I would like you to give us a few words. You can do it in Spanish, and I'll do a non-simultaneous translation, if you like. You can tur...
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Kaarika Das — https://diplo-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/2023/09/Kaarika-Das-1.jpg Ms Kaarika Das is a PhD candidate in Economics of Education at the National Institute of Education Planning and Administration in New Delhi. Her...
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Web content accessibility guidelines — A.1 Participants of the AG WG in the development of this document: § Jake Abma (Invited Expert) Shadi Abou-Zahra ( W3C ) Chuck Adams (Oracle Corporation) Amani Ali (Nomensa) Jim Allan (Invited Expert) Paul Adam (D...
Bruce Patton — Bruce Patton
Boris Engelson — Boris Engelson Resident Contrarian https://diplo-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/2026/02/Gemini_Generated_Image_rx95bsrx95bsrx95.png a:1:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-7d18bafb4f85f118cfa75ad6dae51bae-1";a:1:{i...
Kevin P. Gallagher — Kevin P. Gallagher
Kevin Cahill — Kevin Cahill
Kevin D. Stringer — Kevin D. Stringer
IGFSA | SIDE EVENT — The intervenants explored the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain in various sectors such as healthcare, education, agriculture, and finance. They highlighted the opportunities and challenges associated ...
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Work for a brighter future — Professor General for Human Resources and Social Policy Chung has also served as Member of the UN (2002–08) at Norilsk Nickel Mining and Metal- Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Prot...
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Feodora Hamza — https://diplo-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/2024/04/Feodora-Hamza.jpg Ms Feodora Hamza joined Digital Watch Observatory in 2022 as a knowledge fellow, where her research focuses on emerging technology and the lega...
Day 0 Event #83 Empowering Afghan Women: Bridging Digital Gaps for Education — Over to Leymah first, because Leymah is my co-moderator and she'll be doing the remote moderation. I'll give the floor to Leymah to introduce herself and then give the floor to the next speaker. Over to you, Leymah. ...
COP18: Negotiating Climate Change. Where are the women? — Today, the 18th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change begins in Doha, Qatar. Once again, the world comes together to negotiate climate change: mitigation, adaptation, finance, and gov...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives — Gender equality and gender digital divides In 2022, Namibia and Rwanda were ranked among world’s top 10 gender equal societies. Namibia has made significant progress in bridging the gender gap as it moved up from the ...
Who is learning online? — If you are reading this blog, you probably have at least a few things in common with me. Obviously, you can read and write. In English. You have access to an Internet connection, probably from your own smartphone or comp...
WS #53 Leveraging the Internet in Environment and Health Resilience — This mistrust extends to digital health solutions and represents a significant barrier to adoption. Preuves Case studies from Benin research including 18-year-old student using self-medication and families viewing f...
The sustainable development goals report 2019 — Early childhood education offers a head start in school, but one third of the world’s children are being left behind Preuves shows that good quality early childhood education is one Participation rate in ...
Transforming Education | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 10 — Education can also promote transparency and accountability, key components of strong institutions. Learners are equipped with the knowledge, skills and values needed to effectively collaborate and build partnerships ...
Day 0 Event #55 Sharing and Exchanging Compute: New Digital Divisions — The challenges are so many, compared, I mean, especially the fact that I'm working very closely with the women and young girls in my country. And I can tell you, I have been, I did these projects not only in the cit...
20 Keywords for the Digital 2020s: A Digital Policy Prediction Dictionary — The United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) is working on building a digital ecosystem for the planet that aims to provide a governance framework for co-operation across businesses, governments, academia, and inter...
Digital inclusion by design: Leveraging existing infrastructure to leave no one behind — Co-organisers & host The event is co-organised by the Universal Postal Union (UPU), Giga, and DiploFoundation. It is hosted by the Giga Connectivity Centre in Geneva. AI Agents These AI agents are...
Open Forum #29 Advancing Digital Inclusion Through Segmented Monitoring — So, this type of thing thinks the household as a collective of people rather than individual. So, I think facing the collective challenges is useful for policy in digital inclusion. Morten Meyerhoff Nielsen: I won't an...
Day 0 Event #248 No One Left Behind Digital Inclusion As a Human Right in the Global Digital Age — Impact This concept became a central theme that other intervenants referenced throughout the discussion. It shifted the conversation from celebrating digital achievements to critically examining their unintended consequenc...
[Résumé] RightOn #2: Inequality and discrimination during COVID-19 — The Coronavirus outbreak has amplified existing inequalities and discrimination, making the battle of ‘leaving no one behind’ all the more difficult. On 15 April 2020, the Right On initiative held a web chat titled ‘Ineq...
Overcoming policy silos: the next challenge in Internet governance — How do policymakers find the right balance between tackling issues like cybersecurity and safeguarding digital rights? How can innovation be encouraged and users’ experience improved in the net neutrality debate? In tack...
Citizen engagement: We lack ambition in design, not technology — "Whenever I am asked about the role of social media and new technologies for citizen engagement, I like to show the first minute and a half or so of this brilliant TED Talk by Dave Meslin", writes Giulio Quaggiotto, Prac...
Empowering People with Digital Public Infrastructure — Because that compensation seems to be higher these days in the compensation people pay for protecting someone. Let's get one more question. So I thank you all for this. I appreciate it. Audience: I want to follow...
WS #138 Empowering End Users Voices in Internet Governance — So it's not only money, it's not only resources, but it's also information, communication, and a good networking to spread this news. Pari Esfandiari: Thank you very much. And with that, we go to Armita. Armita, f...
Assessing the Promise and Efficacy of Digital Health Tool | IGF 2023 WS #83 — And I think that's a really interesting model to look at. I think very often we forget that it's just as important for mobile network operators to be reaching as many people as possible as it is for those of us who are t...
Tech and Learning: Can They Vibe? / DAVOS 2025 — There's a portrait of what I want a high school graduate or a university graduate to have. And over and over these skills are out there. So one of the things we started doing at ETS is starting to say, what if we imagi...
An overview of 'People’s Money: Harnessing Digitalization to Finance a Sustainable Future' — In the context of barriers, it suggests a people-centric approach that empowers citizens, and to that end favours digital financial literacy programmes, improved access to information and greater transparency so as to in...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — 2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
Young voices from Africa – Harnessing digital tools for sustainable trade — Implementing high-standard provisions and providing access to cybersecurity and fraud prevention tools are essential for fostering trust in digital transactions and promoting business growth. Mobile payments play a trans...
Digital economy in Africa: Continental and regional policies and initiatives — (2020, April 21). Central African cements mobile money interoperability. ITWeb. In 2022, BEAC’s Banking Commission issued an official statement that cryptocurrency use should be restricted in the CEMAC region.Zimwara, T....
WS #479 Gender Mainstreaming in Digital Connectivity Strategies — Major discussion point Solutions and Recommendations Topics Legal and regulatory | Development | Gender rights online Accord avec - Waqas Hassan Accord on Economic imperative of gender inclusion in digital ...
WS #225 Gender inequality in meaningful access in the Global South — This collaborative approach ensures that policies are informed by diverse perspectives and address real-world needs. Point majeur de discussion Policy implications and recommendations [diplo_ai_reporting_knowledge...
The State of the Humanitarian System — That does not issues, such as gender, age and disabilities, in their mean, however, that it has gone away. In Swaziland, programming had increased and improved. A number Whiteside and Whalley (2...
Creating digital public infrastructure that empowers people | IGF 2023 Open Forum #168 — In terms of security and data protection, the analysis advocates for preventative and curative measures for digital public good security. The Digital Public Goods Alliance is developing good practice principles, and adap...
A Global Digital Compact - an Open, Free and Secure Digital Future for All | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 5  — The 2022 Kigali Declaration, agreed at the ITU World Telecommunication Development Conference, details what that involves: available, interoperable, quality and sustainable infrastructure, inclusive, affordable and secur...
Empowering women in the IG process — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Deirdre_Williams.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Deirdre-Williams_0.jpg
Open Forum #32 Shaping an equal digital future with WSIS+20 & Beijing+30 — And we assess the country, what are the gaps for those countries, how they can progress. And we have included, there are 50 countries, we have included some of the LDCs countries within our assessment. And from what w...
Top digital policy developments in 2019: A year in review — If security and privacy considerations are properly addressed these developments hold considerable promise. World Bank’s ID4D initiative The World Bank’s Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative is helping cou...
How technology is being used to accelerate girls inclusion and access to education — ‘Teachers must help students become collaborative, problem-solving, creative learners through ICT’. The idea is to address all aspects of a teacher’s work using three different approaches to teaching with the goal of inc...
Geneva in Action: Scaling School Connectivity Worldwide, part I — On 13 May 2026, Diplo and GIGA launched a a new event series: 'Geneva in Action: Scaling School Connectivity Worldwide' aimed at exploring how collaboration can accelerate progress toward universal, meaningful connectiv...
Future-Ready Education: Enhancing Accessibility & Building | IGF 2023 — Inclusion is identified as a vital aspect of ensuring no one is left behind in digital education. The analysis argues that inclusion should be embedded from the design to the implementation of learning practices. It poin...
Sharing business perspectives on the road to the WSIS+20 review — Supporting facts: The objectives set in WSIS 2005 and updated in 2015 need to be evaluated for contemporary relevance. Topics: WSIS Review, ICT Policy, Sustainable Development Consideration for innovative so...
Internet and Development: A Reality-Check — And if we want empowered users we must ensure a trusted Internet that respects privacy and protects our rights. All of the Internet’s stakeholders - businesses, civil society, governments, and the technical community -...
Creating enabling environments for access to the Internet — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Emmanuel_Edet.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Elias-Espinoza.jpg
ICF 2023: Digital Commons for Digital Sovereignty | IGF 2023 Day 0 Event #82 — It was emphasised that these alternatives are vital for ensuring peaceful decisions and effecting change. Lastly, the distinction between large language models and logical programming in properly encoding language was ex...
Day 0 Event #83 Empowering Afghan Women: Bridging Digital Gaps for Education — Différences inattendues Providing tangible resources vs. focusing on education Audience member Lima Madomi Can we collect cell phones, let's say, from the United States and ship them over? I think it's more abou...
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How technology is being used to accelerate girls inclusion and access to education — ‘Teachers must help students become collaborative, problem-solving, creative learners through ICT’. The idea is to address all aspects of a teacher’s work using three different approaches to teaching with the goal of inc...
Acceleration of girls education and rights to ensure sustainable gender empowerment through ICTs — https://dig.watch/wp-content/uploads/WSIS2016-sessions1-1.jpg [Read more session reports and live updates from the WSIS Forum 2016.] Dr Salma Abbasi (Chairperson and CEO, eWorldwide Group) moderated the session. She told...
Digital inclusion by design: Leveraging existing infrastructure to leave no one behind — Co-organisers & host The event is co-organised by the Universal Postal Union (UPU), Giga, and DiploFoundation. It is hosted by the Giga Connectivity Centre in Geneva. AI Agents These AI agents are...
WS #98 Universal Principles Local Realities Multistakeholder Pathways for DPI — Preuves Trust cannot be written as standard or principle, people can be forced to use systems but won't get maximum benefit without trust Major discussion point Fundamental importance of public trust in DPI succes...
Global Digital Compact topics: How were they tackled in previous policy documents? — Questions remain on its time-to-market and other enabling factors. On a similar note, mobile connectivity, IoTs and AI are among some new assistive technologies that display strong evidenced success and yet untapped pote...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives — Among other things, it urges member states to ‘promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women’s access to, and pa...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — 2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
Placing gender equality at the heart of the Global Digital Compact: Taking forward the recommendations of the sixty-seventh session of the Commission on the Status of Women — Gender-based all policies at all levels and stages. digital exclusion – and, indeed, inclusion – must be The Committee of Ministers, located in broader structural trends and institutional the Council...
The future of Digital Public Infrastructure for environmental sustainability — RO Robert Opp Speech speed 171 words per minute Speech length 1417 words ...
WS #257 Emerging Norms for Digital Public Infrastructure WS #257 Emerging Norms for Digital Public Infrastructure Rapport de session Intervenants Knowledge Graphe In-depth Analyse Session a...
DPI+H – health for all through digital public infrastructure — Laurie Werner's contributions resonate with the need for a holistic, infrastructure-centric approach to digital health transformation – a step up from isolated innovation trials towards comprehensive, larger-scale planni...
Empowering People with Digital Public Infrastructure — intervenants - Hoda Al Khzaimi- Pervinder Johar arguments Need for lightweight and efficient semiconductor development Aging physical infrastructure that needs to be integrated with DPI Consensus inattendu Importance...
Promoting responsible digital wages and remittances for migrant women (ILO) — The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of migrant workers who returned to the Philippines with nothing after working abroad. Preventive action and prior financial education before migration are necessary t...
Digital economy in Africa: National policy and regulatory frameworks — Moreover, one of the recommendations outlined in the framework is for the AUC, RECs, and regional institutions to ‘strengthen links with other regions and coordinate Africa’s common positions on data-related internation...
Offline, underserved and left behind? - The overlooked intermediaries that are mitigating digital exclusion — affordability, relevant content, and information literacy Topics Development | Sociocultural | Human rights Both intervenants emphasized the economic and practical advantages of utilizing existing infrastructure rather th...
Empowering women in the IG process — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Deirdre_Williams.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Deirdre-Williams_0.jpg
Top digital policy developments in 2019: A year in review — If security and privacy considerations are properly addressed these developments hold considerable promise. World Bank’s ID4D initiative The World Bank’s Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative is helping cou...
The need for an evidence-based approach to tackle the gender digital divide — For companies, it is essential to have mixed teams, especially in the world of innovation. She said that it is necessary to think about social networks to enable women to participate more in the work force. Squicciarini ...
WS #225 Gender inequality in meaningful access in the Global South — This collaborative approach ensures that policies are informed by diverse perspectives and address real-world needs. Point majeur de discussion Policy implications and recommendations [diplo_ai_reporting_knowledge...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives — Gender equality and gender digital divides In 2022, Namibia and Rwanda were ranked among world’s top 10 gender equal societies. Namibia has made significant progress in bridging the gender gap as it moved up from the ...
Transforming Education | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 10 — Education can also promote transparency and accountability, key components of strong institutions. Learners are equipped with the knowledge, skills and values needed to effectively collaborate and build partnerships ...
WS #479 Gender Mainstreaming in Digital Connectivity Strategies — Major discussion point Solutions and Recommendations Topics Legal and regulatory | Development | Gender rights online Accord avec - Waqas Hassan Accord on Economic imperative of gender inclusion in digital ...
Empowering People with Digital Public Infrastructure — Because that compensation seems to be higher these days in the compensation people pay for protecting someone. Let's get one more question. So I thank you all for this. I appreciate it. Audience: I want to follow...
A Global Digital Compact - an Open, Free and Secure Digital Future for All | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 5  — The 2022 Kigali Declaration, agreed at the ITU World Telecommunication Development Conference, details what that involves: available, interoperable, quality and sustainable infrastructure, inclusive, affordable and secur...
Review of AI and digital developments in 2024 — In 2024, a more nuanced debate is gaining ground around the notion of client-side scanning: using algorithms to scan messages locally (on-device) for illegal content, and enabling the reporting of red flags to authoritie...
Empowering women in the IG process — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CD_Deirdre_Williams.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Deirdre-Williams_0.jpg
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — 2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
‘Women still under-represented in the ICT sector’ - Kroes — European Commissioner Vice-President Neelie Kroes has blogged about it again: women are still under-represented in the ICT sector. I continue to find it troubling that women are under-represented in the ICT sector at ev...
Open Forum #32 Shaping an equal digital future with WSIS+20 & Beijing+30 — And we assess the country, what are the gaps for those countries, how they can progress. And we have included, there are 50 countries, we have included some of the LDCs countries within our assessment. And from what w...
How technology is being used to accelerate girls inclusion and access to education — ‘Teachers must help students become collaborative, problem-solving, creative learners through ICT’. The idea is to address all aspects of a teacher’s work using three different approaches to teaching with the goal of inc...
Top digital policy developments in 2019: A year in review — If security and privacy considerations are properly addressed these developments hold considerable promise. World Bank’s ID4D initiative The World Bank’s Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative is helping cou...
Geneva in Action: Scaling School Connectivity Worldwide, part I — On 13 May 2026, Diplo and GIGA launched a a new event series: 'Geneva in Action: Scaling School Connectivity Worldwide' aimed at exploring how collaboration can accelerate progress toward universal, meaningful connectiv...
Acceleration of girls education and rights to ensure sustainable gender empowerment through ICTs — Ms Monique Morrow (Chief Technical Officer, CISCO Systems) showed her presentation on The Internet of Women, an open global community that invites the world to do business with women of the Internet. At the end of presen...
DC-Inclusion & DC-PAL: Transformative digital inclusion: Building a gender-responsive and inclusive framework for the underserved — Différences Different Viewpoints Approach to measuring digital inclusion Alexandre Barbosa Kossi Amessinou Multidimensional approach to measure meaningful connectivity Internet Universality Indicators to ass...
Open Forum #29 Advancing Digital Inclusion Through Segmented Monitoring — Preuves Legal identity requirements for mobile phone connections in 155 countries create opportunities for anonymized data sharing on gender, age groups, and usage patterns for online commerce and banking through telc...
Keynote at the Mobile World Congress: Innovation for Inclusion — For those attendees who managed to get through the crazy traffic jams that turned the whole city upside down, another keynote session in Barcelona on emerging markets and innovation for inclusion took place this morning ...
DPI High-Level Session Table of contents Knowledge Graphe of Debate Rapport de session Intervenants Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the session. The DiploAI system automatically generates...
Small and developing country scholarship fund — In May 2014, Diplo launched a crowdfunding campaign to establish a scholarship fund for small and developing countries.
ICT policy for Africa, Carribean, Pacific — In September 2009, DiploFoundation launched a Capacity Development Programme to assist ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) countries in ICT policy and Internet governance. The @CP-ICT programme financed by the European ...
Media and Education for All: Bridging Female Academic Leaders and Society towards Impactful Results — We search through subtitling, which is one of the access services. So it is through subtitling that we can then understand what is the content of the media, we rescue it, we understand what is about it, and we do that. T...
WS #376 Elevating Childrens Voices in AI Design — I think 85 to 90% of women immediately saw that she was not real. And if you look closely, her earrings don't match, which again, I didn't see that. So, anyway, back to you. Adam Ingle: Thanks, Stephen. I performed poo...
Do problems or solutions have ‘root causes’? — But such ‘laws’ seem clear after the event only, and the place of history is rightly in the faculty of letters and not of science. The ‘lessons of history’ have more often caused war than peace (or of civil discord, from...
Maria Fasli — Maria Fasli
Maria Dimitriadou — Maria Dimitriadou
[Résumé] RightOn #4: COVID-19 and women: the gendered impact of the crisis — As the Coronavirus outbreak continues to unfold, it is becoming clear that the pandemic and the concurrent economic crisis are impacting women differently than men. Considering that women account for 70% of global health...
Comparing global gender inequality indices: Where is trade? — For economic and labour conditions, transition countries are clustered quite closely with developed countries, meaning for these domains they have relatively similar gender equality scores. With a few exceptions, the sam...
Meaningful Youth Engagement in Policy and Decision-making Processes | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 3 — Kigali, 2022) of the World Telecommunication Development Conference.PROGRAMME OF ACTIONOF THE INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE ONPOPULATION ANDDEVELOPMENTHigh-Level Commissionon the NairobiSummitProvides high-level leadership and...
Open Forum: Levelling the Playing Field / DAVOS 2025 — And this growing polarization, of course, will cause social strife, ethnic tensions, gender-based tensions, and that's why for me, this conversation, you know, we have to address the informality to make sure women can ...
AI for Good Global Summit — And then we need to be the silence change agent, right? Maybe we have to say it, but do it more, right? I think that's gonna be an interesting time. We'll repeat it as in Haiti, Haitian Creole, which is not a standard la...
The 'Limits of Growth' report: 40 years later I — Technology – an invention or a new production process – is clearly an ‘enabler’. Mindsets too are enablers (see The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society 1250–1600 by Alfred W. Crosby). Worldviews, ideol...
Resilient infrastructure for a sustainable world — And it's no longer a technical luxury, but a societal necessity. Speaker Maarten Botterman Reason This comment reframes resilience from a technical problem to a societal imperative. It highlights the fundamental ...

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