WSIS Forum 2026
Rapport généré par l'IA

Strengthening health data governance legislative frameworks: The foundation of trusted digital health and AI

7 intervenants
Résumé

Résumé

La discussion s’est concentrée sur le renforcement des cadres législatifs de gouvernance des données de santé comme fondement d’une santé numérique et d’une IA dignes de confiance. Mathilde Forslund a soutenu que les technologies numériques et l’IA peuvent améliorer la planification, l’innovation, les soins aux patients et les systèmes de santé, mais seulement si la gouvernance évolue au même rythme et obtient la confiance du public grâce à des approches fondées sur les droits, équitables et centrées sur les personnes.

Elle a indiqué que cela exige une mobilisation inclusive, un renforcement de la législation nationale sur les données de santé et l’IA, ainsi qu’un alignement régional et mondial afin d’éviter des règles fragmentées qui sapent la confiance et le partage transfrontalier des données.Forslund a également souligné que les pays n’ont pas besoin de repartir de zéro, car les principes existants, les lois types et les orientations internationales offrent déjà une base pour des cadres nationaux, régionaux et mondiaux.Elle a mis en avant une dynamique croissante, notamment le soutien à l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé en faveur d’une résolution mondiale sur la gouvernance des données de santé, le Pacte numérique mondial, les travaux régionaux menés par Africa CDC, et l’Espace européen des données de santé.Kirsten Mathieson a cadré le panel autour de l’identification des défis juridiques nationaux et des voies vers un alignement mondial et une action concrète.

S’exprimant depuis la Zambie, Andrew Kashoka a déclaré que l’expérience du pays montrait que la technologie progresse plus vite que les politiques publiques, et que les politiques publiques avancent plus vite que la législation, ce qui rend les fondements juridiques essentiels pour la confiance, la redevabilité et l’utilisation responsable des dossiers électroniques, des infrastructures publiques numériques et de l’IA.Il a ajouté que la législation établit les droits, les responsabilités, les règles de consentement, les protections de la vie privée et les voies de recours lorsque la confiance est rompue, tandis que le processus d’Africa CDC offre un moyen d’élaborer des principes communs, une interopérabilité juridique et une collaboration transfrontalière de confiance.Linda Bonyo a soutenu que les principaux problèmes sont la mauvaise coordination, les processus en silos et la faiblesse de la mise en œuvre, plutôt qu’un manque de politiques publiques.

Elle a critiqué l’exclusion des parlements et des autorités judiciaires des discussions sur la gouvernance, appelé au renforcement des capacités des autorités de protection des données, et affirmé que la participation africaine aux forums mondiaux devait être améliorée grâce à des processus plus accessibles et plus représentatifs.Simao Ferraz de Campos Neto a ajouté que l’implication du secteur privé, les normes techniques, la découvrabilité des données et une réglementation de l’IA plus claire et fondée sur les risques sont toutes nécessaires pour rendre le partage des données opérationnel sans étouffer l’innovation.Jamal Alshanfari a déclaré que le fort soutien observé à l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé montrait une volonté de passer des règles à la mise en œuvre, et il a exposé quatre priorités : un consensus plus large, des capacités et des lois nationales renforcées, des orientations pratiques de mise en œuvre, et une consultation inclusive associant les gouvernements, le monde universitaire, la société civile, le secteur privé et les utilisateurs finaux.La session s’est achevée sur un sentiment de dynamique en faveur d’une résolution de l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé et d’une coopération plus large pour transformer les principes de gouvernance existants en systèmes de données de santé pratiques et dignes de confiance.

Points clés

- La discussion a porté sur le besoin urgent de cadres législatifs plus solides et fondés sur les droits pour la gouvernance des données de santé et de l’IA, car la santé numérique et l’IA progressent rapidement et la confiance du public dépend d’une gouvernance qui évolue au même rythme. Les intervenants ont souligné que les lois doivent définir les droits, les responsabilités, le consentement, les protections de la vie privée, la redevabilité et les voies de recours, et pas seulement des politiques publiques ou des lignes directrices. - Un point majeur a été que l’action nationale seule est insuffisante ; un alignement régional et mondial est nécessaire pour éviter des règles fragmentées ou incompatibles et pour permettre un partage transfrontalier fiable des données, la recherche, l’interopérabilité et la sécurité sanitaire. Parmi les exemples cités figuraient le cadre continental d’Africa CDC, l’Espace européen des données de santé, le Pacte numérique mondial, et la dynamique en faveur d’une éventuelle résolution de l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé. - Les intervenants ont souligné que des bases utiles existent déjà et que l’enjeu n’est pas de repartir de zéro, mais d’améliorer la coordination, l’alignement et la mise en œuvre. Parmi les ressources existantes mentionnées figuraient les principes de gouvernance des données de santé et la loi type de Transform Health, les recommandations de l’OCDE, les lignes directrices de l’OMS sur l’IA, ainsi que d’autres outils réglementaires émergents. Linda Bonyo a particulièrement soutenu qu’il existe un problème de coordination, avec des initiatives cloisonnées et des doublons entre institutions et forums. - Un autre point majeur de la discussion a été que l’efficacité de la gouvernance exige une inclusion plus large et un renforcement des capacités dans l’ensemble des groupes de parties prenantes. Les participants ont soutenu que les États membres, les parlements, les autorités judiciaires, la société civile, le monde universitaire, le secteur privé et les utilisateurs finaux doivent tous être associés, tandis que les capacités techniques et institutionnelles doivent être renforcées, en particulier pour les autorités de protection des données et les organes chargés de la mise en œuvre. - Le panel a rappelé à plusieurs reprises que la mise en œuvre constitue le véritable goulot d’étranglement : de nombreux pays et organisations disposent déjà de stratégies ou d’idées de politiques publiques, mais manquent de budgets, de compétences, de normes techniques, de clarté juridique et d’orientations pratiques pour les rendre opérationnelles. Cela incluait des préoccupations concernant une dépendance excessive à l’égard de modèles importés, une contextualisation insuffisante par rapport aux réalités locales, la lenteur des progrès, et la nécessité de normes interopérables et de mécanismes pratiques pour un partage sûr des données.

L’objectif général de la discussion était d’examiner comment des cadres législatifs et de gouvernance plus solides pour les données de santé et l’IA peuvent être élaborés aux niveaux national, régional et mondial afin de soutenir une transformation de la santé numérique digne de confiance, équitable et fondée sur les droits. La session visait à identifier les lacunes, à mettre en lumière les initiatives existantes, et à créer une dynamique en faveur d’une action plus coordonnée, y compris une éventuelle action mondiale par l’intermédiaire de l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé.

Le ton général est resté constructif, collaboratif et axé sur les politiques publiques tout au long de la discussion, avec un fort sentiment d’urgence. La session a commencé comme un échange d’accueil et de définition de l’ordre du jour, a évolué vers une évaluation plus critique et franche de la fragmentation, de l’exclusion et des échecs de mise en œuvre, puis s’est conclue sur une note pragmatique mais porteuse d’espoir quant à la dynamique politique et aux prochaines étapes.

Intervenants

- Mathilde Forslund - CEO de Transform Health ; a ouvert et clôturé la session ; a décrit Transform Health comme une coalition mondiale de 230 organisations axée sur la couverture sanitaire universelle grâce aux technologies numériques et aux données. - Andrew Kashoka - Director of Information Technology, Ministry of Health, Zambia ; a parlé de l’expérience nationale de la Zambie en matière de gouvernance des données de santé et du travail régional mené par l’intermédiaire d’Africa CDC. - Jamal Alshanfari - Ambassador; Head of the Health Office at the Sultanate of Oman in Geneva ; a évoqué la dynamique politique issue de l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé et les prochaines étapes vers un cadre mondial. - Linda Bonyo - Founder and CEO of Lawyers Hub ; décrite comme travaillant dans le droit et les politiques publiques du numérique ; a parlé des lacunes de coordination, de l’inclusion parlementaire, de l’implication du pouvoir judiciaire, du renforcement des capacités et de la représentation africaine. - Simao Ferraz de Campos Neto - De l’UIT ; a parlé de la fragmentation, des normes, de l’implication du secteur privé, du partage des données et de la réglementation de l’IA. - Participant - Participant du public venant de Belgique ; a posé une question sur l’existence actuelle d’un lieu où les citoyens peuvent partager publiquement leurs données de santé par l’intermédiaire d’une institution publique. - Kirsten Mathieson - Modératrice de la session ; a présenté le panel et guidé la discussion. Intervenants supplémentaires : - Aucun clairement identifié au-delà des intervenants listés.

Intervenants
MF
Mathilde Forslund
140 wpm · 10 min
AK
Andrew Kashoka
127 wpm · 4 min
JA
Jamal Alshanfari
166 wpm · 3 min
LB
Linda Bonyo
128 wpm · 9 min
KM
Kirsten Mathieson
175 wpm · 7 min
SF
Simao Ferraz de Campos Neto
84 wpm · 8 min
P
Participant
79 wpm · 1 min

La session a porté sur la manière dont des cadres législatifs plus solides pour la gouvernance des données de santé peuvent soutenir une santé numérique et une IA de confiance. En ouvrant la discussion, Mathilde Forslund a remercié les participants et présenté la session comme s’inscrivant dans le programme de coopération numérique fondé sur les droits du Forum du SMSI. Elle a expliqué que Transform Health œuvre en faveur de la couverture sanitaire universelle grâce à une transformation numérique équitable, inclusive et durable, fondée sur une utilisation des données basée sur les droits.Forslund a déclaré que les technologies numériques et l’IA transforment rapidement les systèmes de santé, les données constituant le moteur des améliorations en matière de planification, d’innovation, de soins aux patients, de prévision des flambées épidémiques et de renforcement des systèmes de santé, mais elle a soutenu que ces bénéfices ne pourront être concrétisés de manière équitable et responsable que si la gouvernance suit le rythme et si la confiance du public est maintenue.Elle a décrit la gouvernance des données de santé et de l’IA comme nécessitant des règles, des systèmes et des processus décisionnels justes, transparents et représentatifs, qui bénéficient à l’ensemble des populations.Elle a mis en avant quatre besoins en particulier : des principes fondés sur les valeurs, ancrés dans les droits humains et l’équité ; des processus inclusifs afin que les populations soient informées, associées et autonomisées en ce qui concerne leurs droits relatifs aux données, sachent où vont leurs données et comment elles sont utilisées, et disposent de voies de recours dans des cas tels que la désinformation ou l’usage abusif ; des législations nationales plus solides sur la collecte et l’utilisation des données de santé et de l’IA ; et un alignement régional et mondial afin d’éviter des règles fragmentées et incompatibles qui affaiblissent la confiance et entravent le partage transfrontalier des données.

Forslund a ajouté qu’il n’était pas nécessaire de repartir de zéro, car un travail substantiel existe déjà aux niveaux national, régional et mondial.Elle a cité les principes de gouvernance des données de santé de Transform Health de 2022, approuvés par plus de 175 organisations et gouvernements, ainsi qu’une loi type conçue pour aider les pays à rédiger une législation nationale.Elle a également mentionné les recommandations de l’OCDE sur la gouvernance des données de santé, les orientations de l’OMS sur l’IA et les travaux en cours du Health Data Collaborative.Elle a indiqué que la discussion intervenait à un moment critique, citant le soutien politique exprimé à l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé en mai en faveur d’une éventuelle résolution mondiale sur la gouvernance des données de santé, le Global Digital Compact de 2024, la pertinence continue des lignes d’action du SMSI, le travail régional mené par Africa CDC en vue d’un cadre continental, et l’élaboration de l’Espace européen des données de santé par la Commission européenne.Selon elle, ces éléments devraient être reliés par un cadre mondial assorti de normes communes et de protocoles clairs pour un partage transfrontalier responsable des données, tout en soutenant la mise en œuvre au niveau des pays.Kirsten Mathieson a ensuite présenté le panel comme une discussion allant des défis juridiques nationaux à l’alignement régional et mondial. Elle a présenté un panel composé de représentants du gouvernement, de la diplomatie, du droit, du secteur privé et de l’UIT.Andrew Kashoka a relié les engagements mondiaux à l’expérience nationale de la Zambie. Il a déclaré que la Zambie avait cofacilité, avec la Suède, les négociations ayant conduit à l’adoption du Global Digital Compact en 2024, qui reconnaît qu’une gouvernance des données de confiance et interopérable est essentielle à la transformation numérique tout en protégeant les droits humains, la vie privée et la sécurité, et appelle à un renforcement de la coopération internationale sur la gouvernance des données et l’IA.Il a également présenté la Zambie comme le premier pays moteur de la WHO Global Initiative on Digital Health, le GUIDE, grâce à laquelle elle a amélioré la coordination, évalué la maturité de la santé numérique, fait progresser un plan directeur pour la santé numérique et mobilisé des partenaires autour d’un plan national unique.Kashoka a soutenu qu’une législation est nécessaire parce que « la technologie évolue plus vite que les politiques, et les politiques évoluent plus vite que la législation ».Il a indiqué que la National Digital Health Strategy 2022-2026 de la Zambie traite de la gouvernance de l’information sanitaire, de la qualité des données, de l’interopérabilité, de la vie privée, de la sécurité et de l’utilisation responsable des données de santé, mais a souligné qu’il s’agit de questions de gouvernance nécessitant une sécurité juridique, une responsabilité institutionnelle et la confiance du public.Selon lui, les politiques et les lignes directrices peuvent donner une orientation, mais c’est la législation qui établit des droits et des obligations opposables, définit qui peut accéder aux données de santé, dans quelles conditions elles peuvent être partagées, comment le consentement est géré, comment la vie privée est protégée et quels recours sont disponibles lorsque la confiance est rompue.Il a déclaré que ce fondement juridique devient encore plus important à mesure que les pays adoptent les dossiers médicaux électroniques, les infrastructures publiques numériques et l’IA.Kashoka a également décrit le processus d’Africa CDC comme un effort régional façonné par des consultations dans l’ensemble des États membres de l’Union africaine.Il a indiqué que le cadre continental de gouvernance des données de santé qui en résulte reflète les priorités, les expériences et les aspirations africaines, aide les pays à élaborer des approches juridiques et réglementaires cohérentes, et facilite une collaboration transfrontalière de confiance, l’interopérabilité et la sécurité sanitaire dans le cadre d’une transformation numérique plus large.Il a ajouté que, pour la Zambie, cette approche régionale offre une alternative au fait que chaque pays légifère de manière isolée, tout en soutenant l’interopérabilité juridique, la recherche régionale, la surveillance des maladies, l’innovation responsable en matière d’IA et la confiance du public au-delà des frontières.Mathieson a réagi en soulignant son point selon lequel des cadres législatifs sont nécessaires pour établir les droits, l’opposabilité et la responsabilité, et en reliant cela aux processus régionaux et mondiaux.Linda Bonyo a orienté la discussion vers la coordination et la mise en œuvre. Après s’être excusée de son retard, elle a dit vouloir se concentrer sur les initiatives déjà en cours et a soutenu que la principale difficulté du domaine n’est pas simplement l’absence de politique, mais le manque de coordination.Elle a décrit un environnement cloisonné dans lequel de multiples acteurs travaillent sur des questions similaires sans se parler, et a indiqué que, dans le groupe de travail sur la politique de gouvernance des données en Afrique, il avait été frappant de voir des bureaux nationaux ignorants de ce qui se passait dans d’autres espaces.Elle a ajouté que les États membres envoient souvent différents points focaux à Genève, Nairobi, Addis-Abeba et New York, et que ces représentants ne sont pas toujours alignés entre eux.Bonyo a également soutenu que des institutions clés sont laissées de côté dans les processus de gouvernance. Elle a déclaré que les parlementaires continuent d’être exclus alors même qu’ils doivent être impliqués, et que les appareils judiciaires sont pareillement négligés malgré le fait qu’ils « énoncent souvent ce que doit être la loi », en particulier lorsqu’il existe un vide ou une lacune dans les règles en vigueur.Mathieson a ensuite approuvé l’idée que les parlements devraient être associés dès le départ et peuvent aider à porter le changement législatif.Un autre axe des remarques de Bonyo a porté sur le renforcement des capacités. Elle a déclaré que « beaucoup de gens ne connaissent pas la différence entre les données sensibles et l’endroit où se trouvent les données de santé et le support sur lequel elles reposent », et a soutenu que le renforcement des capacités devrait commencer par les autorités de protection des données.Elle a indiqué que de nombreux pays ont repris des cadres européens de gouvernance des données sans développer en parallèle les capacités institutionnelles et les budgets nécessaires à leur fonctionnement.Elle a relié ce problème à la gouvernance de l’IA, en disant que les autorités de protection des données deviennent souvent les régulateurs de facto de l’IA sans disposer de l’expertise technique nécessaire.Elle a mentionné la nouvelle agence de l’IA du Rwanda comme un exemple d’approche différente, tout en notant que, dans des pays comme le Ghana, la gouvernance de l’IA relève toujours de l’autorité de protection des données.Selon elle, les acteurs du secteur de la santé doivent travailler plus étroitement avec les autorités de protection des données et les compétences techniques et d’action publique doivent être renforcées conjointement.Bonyo a également soulevé des obstacles à la participation africaine aux discussions mondiales sur la gouvernance. Elle a déclaré qu’il y avait très peu d’Africains présents tout au long des discussions de la semaine sur l’IA, et a lié cela aux obstacles liés aux visas et au coût de la participation aux processus basés à Genève.Elle a soutenu que, si les processus d’élaboration des politiques s’étalent sur plusieurs années, il est irréaliste d’attendre une participation significative au moyen de visas de courte durée répétés et de déplacements coûteux, et elle a suggéré des visas de plus longue durée ou des laissez-passer pluriannuels, ainsi que des partenariats qui réduiraient ces obstacles.Elle a résumé le défi pratique en disant qu’il ne s’agit « pas d’un problème de politique… mais de mise en œuvre ».Elle a noté que de nombreux pays africains élaborent déjà des stratégies nationales en matière d’IA, certaines comportant des dispositions pertinentes pour les données de santé, mais a indiqué que la mise en œuvre est limitée par des budgets restreints, des compétences insuffisantes et une dépendance excessive à l’égard de modèles importés.Elle l’a illustré en disant que les pays essayaient d’avoir « les cheveux de Beyoncé sans le budget ni le styliste de Beyoncé », c’est-à-dire qu’ils reprenaient des modèles sophistiqués sans disposer des ressources et du soutien institutionnel qui les sous-tendent.Elle a plaidé pour des cadres ancrés dans les réalités africaines, y compris des réalités telles que le rôle des agents de santé communautaires.Dans un bref complément, elle a ajouté qu’il existe une possibilité de relier délibérément les groupes de travail et de les réunir, plutôt que de les laisser continuer séparément.Simao Ferraz de Campos Neto s’est concentré sur les normes techniques, la participation du secteur privé et la complexité de la réglementation de l’IA. Il a déclaré que la discussion avait déjà mis en évidence la fragmentation des cadres législatifs, les problèmes de culture générale sur ces questions et l’inclusion insuffisante de certaines parties prenantes.Il a soutenu que le secteur privé est souvent absent de ces conversations alors même que des organisations telles que l’UIT travaillent étroitement à la fois avec les États membres et avec les entreprises, et qu’une grande partie de l’infrastructure des normes TIC est portée par l’industrie.Il a dit que le secteur privé souhaite de la clarté et des règles compréhensibles.Campos Neto a également abordé le problème parfois qualifié de rétention des données. Il a déclaré que les institutions et les entreprises peuvent retenir les données non seulement par cupidité, mais aussi parce qu’elles craignent leur responsabilité juridique ou ne savent pas comment partager les données en toute sécurité.Il a ajouté que les entreprises pharmaceutiques traitent souvent les données comme des secrets commerciaux et s’appuient sur des accords bilatéraux, ce qui rend la découverte et le partage des données lents et coûteux.Comme réponses pratiques, il a appelé à des normes techniques plus solides, à un meilleur formatage des données, à des ensembles de données détectables par machine et à des accords types qui clarifieraient les usages autorisés et aideraient à automatiser des processus de partage sécurisé.Il a cité l’Espace européen des données de santé comme un exemple d’évolution dans la bonne direction, tout en indiquant que certaines interconnexions techniques faisaient encore défaut.Sur la réglementation de l’IA, Campos Neto a déclaré que l’IA n’est pas une technologie unique mais un ensemble de technologies ayant des histoires, des niveaux de maturité, des implications et des profils de risque différents.Il a donc plaidé pour une législation consciente des risques et proportionnée au contexte et au cas d’usage, parce que certaines applications sont beaucoup plus risquées que d’autres et nécessitent davantage de garanties.Il a également souligné la nécessité d’une plus grande culture de ces questions parmi les décideurs et a mis en garde contre des cadres si lourds qu’ils étoufferaient l’innovation et décourageraient un engagement productif du secteur privé.Mathieson a brièvement repris son point selon lequel les cadres législatifs doivent apporter suffisamment de clarté pour que les données puissent être utilisées de manière responsable au service des résultats en matière de santé.Jamal Alshanfari a conclu le panel par une perspective politique sur les prochaines étapes. Il a déclaré que la discussion elle-même constituait une première étape utile parce qu’elle réunissait les parties prenantes, et il a présenté le fort soutien politique visible lors de la réunion de haut niveau de l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé comme un signe que les États membres étaient prêts à passer à la mise en œuvre.Il a également souscrit à ce qu’avaient dit les intervenants précédents, à savoir que de nombreuses règles existent déjà et que ce qui est nécessaire désormais, c’est leur mise en œuvre dans la pratique.Il a ensuite exposé quatre priorités : un consensus plus large entre les États membres et les parties prenantes ; des capacités nationales et des lois plus solides ; des orientations pratiques de mise en œuvre, y compris avec les conseils de l’OMS ; et la poursuite de consultations associant gouvernements, organisations internationales, universités, société civile, secteur privé et utilisateurs finaux.Alshanfari a souligné que « tout le monde oublie l’utilisateur final », alors même que les utilisateurs finaux sont les personnes qui utiliseront réellement ces outils et en subiront les effets.Il a également indiqué que les futurs cadres doivent soutenir des pays présentant différents niveaux de maturité en santé numérique, respecter la souveraineté nationale et s’appuyer sur un cadre juridique solide pour instaurer la confiance.Il a conclu que la voie vers un cadre mondial commence par une coopération pratique entre tous ces acteurs.Dans ses remarques de clôture, Forslund a remercié les intervenants, indiqué que la discussion montrait des progrès encourageants aux niveaux national, régional et mondial, et évoqué la prochaine Assemblée mondiale de la Santé comme une occasion de faire avancer une résolution sur la gouvernance des données de santé.L’intervention du public a ajouté un défi pratique. Un participant belge a déclaré que les progrès sur l’Espace européen des données de santé avaient été très lents et a demandé s’il existe quelque part dans le monde un lieu où les citoyens peuvent actuellement partager publiquement leurs données par l’intermédiaire d’une institution publique.En réponse, Alshanfari n’a pas donné d’exemple concret. Il s’est plutôt référé au projet de résolution à venir et a indiqué qu’il serait poussé dans le cadre du prochain processus du Conseil exécutif avec le soutien des États membres et d’autres parties prenantes.Tout au long de la discussion, les intervenants ont appelé à plusieurs reprises à un renforcement de la législation nationale, à une meilleure coordination entre les initiatives, à un alignement régional et mondial, à une inclusion plus large des parlements, des appareils judiciaires, du secteur privé et des utilisateurs finaux, ainsi qu’à une plus grande attention portée aux capacités de mise en œuvre, aux budgets et à l’expertise technique.

La question du public a mis en évidence un écart persistant entre les efforts de gouvernance à haut niveau et des mécanismes concrets, orientés vers les citoyens, pour le partage des données de santé.

Mathilde Forslund
So we appreciate everyone that came early and made an effort. And thank you also for everyone that is joining online for this WISIS forum session on Strengthening Health Data Governance Legislative Framework, the Foundation of Trusted Digital Health and AI. And I would like to thank the organizers as well of the WISIS forum for the opportunity to organize today's session. And also thank you to all my esteemed panelists. Thank you for joining us for this important discussion. And we look forward to your expertise and insights that you will share today. So I'm Matilda Forsen. I'm the CEO of Transform Health. We are a global coalition of 230 organizations dedicated to achieving universal health coverage by harnessing digital technology and the use of data. And we work towards the goal of ensuring a robust enabling environment of digital transformation of health through equitable, inclusive, inclusive, and sustainable and rights -based digital health transformation. And one of our kind of core objectives of the work that we do is strengthening health data governance, and that's really been one of the kind of key things that we've been working towards over the last five years. So digital technology and AI, as we all know, are transforming health systems at an unprecedented time, and data is really the fuel behind that transformation. And so today's session is about making sure that transformation is governed responsibly so it earns and keeps the public trust. And this conversation today supports the WISIS Forum's mission to advance inclusive rights -based digital cooperation, with health data governance being one of the clearest and most concrete tests of where we can get that right. So, in order to set the scene today, I will make the case that we need urgent action at all levels, including we need to strengthen legislative frameworks. That must be really a priority of all the work that we do. And then I will also speak a little bit to the role of regional and global cooperation in advancing progress on this topic. I will also share some existing tools and frameworks that exist that we can really build on to drive some of this work forward. We can go to the next slide. So, I won't go too much into this, but this just gives us an overview of what the issue is. AI and digital technology and data that really consumes and generates all the information has the extraordinary promise for health. For planning, for innovation, for patient care, for outbreak prediction and stronger health systems. But that promise can only be realized equitably, responsibly and with people's trust if governance keeps pace. So what do we need to address this? We believe that we need rights -based, equitable, people -centered health data and AI governance. And what this means is really designing rules, systems, and decision -making processes about how data and AI are governed, ensuring that they are fair, that they are transparent, that they are representative and beneficial for all populations. And this, we believe, includes equitable and rights -based guiding principles to inform and give a clear value -based foundation to the rules and systems governing health, data, and AI. Hi, Derek. Great to see you. We also believe that we need inclusive processes and meaningful engagement so that populations are informed, engaged, empowered about their data rights, know where their data goes, how their data is being used, and also have avenues to redress, right? So if there is a problem, if there's a problem around misinformation or misuse of data, that populations really have the means to redress some of those issues. And the third thing that we believe that we need is also strengthening national legislation. So we need to provide clear rules around the collection and use of health data and AI. And then the fourth is that we need national action alone is not enough. So what we also need is the kind of the regional and global alignment through shared health data and AI governance legislative framework. And without that, we risk, you know, a patchwork of incompatible rules that undermine both trust and the benefits of cross -border data sharing. We can go to the next slide. So. So the foundations exist. What we need now is better kind of alignment and coordination. So there's good progress at the national, regional, and global level, and there are some frameworks kind of shaping. So we don't need to start from scratch. That's the good news. Transform Health and many other organizations have already developed a set of tools and resources that offer a foundation for a global framework or regional frameworks and national frameworks. We developed in 2022 a set of health data governance principles that have been endorsed by more than 175 organizations and governments, and they really embed human rights and equity lens into health data and how health data is governed and provide kind of a shared set of values for the health data. To guide laws, policies, and systems. across countries and regions. We also developed a model law, so this is a legislative blueprint that is shaping how governments are developing national legislation and we've done a lot of work with a lot of different governments and countries in supporting them in developing national legislation. And then also to mention a few other organizations, so the OECD Health Data Governance recommendations have also been backed by 38 member states and there's also the WHO AI guidelines as well as there's some work happening at the moment by the Health Data Collaborative on health data governance and a new kind of regulatory, not regulatory, asset, regulatory framework set of guidelines that they're working towards. So these are some of the tools that could be a starting point for a global health data governance and AI framework. So this session today really takes place at a really critical moment in time. We are seeing a convergence of these kind of global processes happening at the World Health Assembly in May this year. We saw strong political support for member states coming together to discuss the need for a global health data governance resolution, and we will be hearing more about that in the session today. And this kind of global framework will provide clear protocols for responsible cross -border data sharing and harmonize essential legislative provisions without being prescriptive, but really to support countries in developing a kind of common set of rules and frameworks. There's also the Global Digital Compact. adopted by UN member states in 2024, which sets out a commitment on data governance, AI governance, and digital cooperation that also applies directly to health. And then as part of this WISES forum, we're also seeing the WISES action lines, which remain directly relevant to how we govern health data and AI and support global cooperation. And regionally, we're also seeing notable leadership, for example, from the Africa CDC, that are in the process of leading the development of a continental framework on health data governance. And we've also, of course, seen the European Commission develop the European health data space that has also been widely adopted by member states. So we see this and these opportunities together as an alignment, as a way to develop the data that we're using in the region. And these must not be separate conversations, but what we believe... is that we need to really bring all of these efforts together, learn from them, and shape a global framework that can really help us in the health sector to design something that can benefit everyone and create kind of a common standard and framework. Next slide. So with that, I'm going to hand over to my colleague, Kirsten. She's going to moderate the session here today, and we have a really great panel of intervenants. So, yeah, over to Kirsten.
Kirsten Mathieson
Thank you, Matilda, and thank you, everyone, for joining here today and also online. And just another really warm welcome to our fantastic panel of intervenants who can bring in a diverse set of perspectives into this discussion around kind of what are some of the challenges, what is needed from their varying perspectives, and kind of what is that path forward to ensure that we've been able to do that. And I think that's going to lead to very concrete actions moving forward. So I'll just... start by quickly introducing the panel and then I have some questions for all of you and would love to hear your thoughts on what really is kind of the action, what are the actions we can really move forward on. So we have one of our intervenants joining online and I hope you can hear us well and everything's connected and working well with your audio. So we have Andrew Kashoka, who's the Director of Information Technology at the Minister of Health Zambia. And then in the room we have Ambassador Jamal Shonfari from the head of the Health Office at the Sultanate of Oman here in Geneva. We have Simo Kampus from ITU, Linda Bonio, great you could join us in your founder room, the founder of Lawyers Hub, and we have Chico Gattal, CEO of Quala Limited. So really a diverse set of expertise and perspectives to this discussion. So to kick off, I mean, we really wanted to start at kind of what are some of the legal issues at national level, challenges, how countries are addressing, and then building that up to kind of some of that global alignment and opportunities and actions. So there's kind of a sequence of the discussion we want to see here today. So with that, apologies, I know you have just joined us. I'll give you a second. We will then maybe start online first. Andrew, if you can just unmute just to make sure we can hear you and your audio is connected.
Andrew Kashoka
Yes, can you hear me?
Kirsten Mathieson
Amazing, great. Thank you for joining us. We're sorry we can't have you in the room with us today, but great you could join us online. So Zambia has made a lot of really great progress in strengthening their national health data governance frameworks, and we'd love to hear a bit more about your national experience. And particularly why a legislative approach and why strengthening national laws is particularly important beyond just kind of the policy aspects and the guidelines and why that's necessary to have that legislative foundation for strengthening health data governance. And then if you could share a little bit about, I know Zambia was part of the consultations last year around the continental, the Africa CDC -led continental health data governance framework. And which is set for validation and adoption, validation later this year, adoption early next year. And just if you could share a little bit from your perspectives around that, but particularly how we can really build on this regional leadership we're seeing towards more global alignment and consensus as well. So, yeah, over to you, Andrew.
Andrew Kashoka
Thank you, Margarita. So allow me first to highlight. That Zambia was honored to serve together with Sweden. As a co -facilitator of the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Global Digital Health Compact in 2024, the Compact recognizes that trusted and interoperable data governance is a fundamental to unlocking benefits of digital transformation, whilst we are protecting human rights, of course, privacy and security. It also calls for a stronger international cooperation on data governance and AI. So the commitment is not only reflected in our global contribution, but also in our national journey. Zambia is pleased to have been the first mover country of the WHO Global Digital Initiative, the Global Initiative on Digital Health, the GUIDE. And through GUIDE, we have strengthened national coordination. We've also assessed our digital health maturity, advanced our national digital health blueprint and mobilized partners around a single country. One lesson has become very clear. Technology moves faster than policy And policy moves faster than legislation So to build trust and achieve the sustainability we're speaking about Countries ultimately need all these three So our National Digital Health Strategy 2022 -2026 Recognizes the importance of health information Governance, data quality, interoperability Privacy, security and the responsible use of health data These are not merely technical issues They are governance issues that require legal certainty And institutional accountability and public trust So policies and guidelines provide direction But legislation establishes rights, responsibilities And enforceable accountability It also defines who may access health data Under what conditions it may be shared How consent is managed How privacy is protected And what remedies exist when Trust is breached So this legal foundation becomes even more important as countries increasingly adopt electronic health records systems like we have in Zambia, digital public infrastructure and artificial intelligence. And that is why the work being led by Africa CDC is so timely. Because over the past years, consultations across African Union members, member states have helped shape a continental health data governance framework that reflects African priorities, experiences and aspirations. The framework supports countries in developing coherent legal and regulatory approaches whilst facilitating trusted cross -border collaboration, interoperability and health security. It also complements Africa CDC's broadness. The framework also supports countries in developing a broad digital transformation strategy. So for Zambia, this regional leadership presents an important opportunity. Rather than each country developing legislation in isolation, Africa working towards a common set of principles that can strengthen legal interoperability and facilitate regional research and disease surveillance will enable responsible AI innovation and build public trust across borders. Importantly, Africa is not simply adopting global models. We're contributing to them. Our regional experience can help shape global discussions by demonstrating that health data governance must be people-centered, rights-based, and inclusive and designed to support national sovereignty and international collaboration.
Kirsten Mathieson
Thank you so much, Andrew. And, yeah, too many good points to highlight there. But I think just a really important one. One of you started off with the lesson that technology is moving faster than policy, but then policy moves faster than laws. But I think that just really speaks to then the urgency to make sure that we are really addressing those legislative frameworks so that the laws aren't. being completely outpaced by the technology of it is really kind of shaping that digital transformation. And the importance of having those legislative frameworks to really establish the rights and enforceability and accountability around data rights and data protection. And again, thank you for sharing more about the regional work, which C is completely agrees that leadership happening at regional level can really support some of those global discussions and help shape those. So thank you so much. I'll now hand over to Linda. So Linda, as the founder and CEO of Lawyers Hub, a digital law and policy organization, a lot of experience around this issue and legal frameworks and the laws, et cetera. And from your work and your experience, where do you see as the most critical gaps in existing legal frameworks, national legal frameworks, governing health data and AI? And. what are the most critical things that need to be addressed, and how can global cooperation and a global framework or resolution help to support that national progress?
Linda Bonyo
Thank you very much, and my apologies for being late. I couldn't make it here in time because of the traffic and everything else. But I would maybe talk about initiatives that are happening on this. I think Andrew has spoken about, you know, the law and what's happening regionally, and globally, but I would add to say that I think we have a coordination problem, and so that's creating a lot of duplicity. I think other lawyers have been lucky to be involved in very many spaces, and so you can clearly see, you know, who's doing what, but they all are not talking to each other. So it's a very siloed approach that's making people not speak to each other. I think there's an opportunity for, you know, the intervention that's happening, you know, with Africa CDC. to also involve the other member states. And I think the challenge has been member states have different people for different things. And so you find that the person who sits in Geneva does not speak to the person in Nairobi or the person in Addis and New York as well. So I think that coordination will be helpful. And I draw this from the experience we've had from, you know, the drafting of the Africa data governance, you know, policy that I was in the working group that drafted that. But it was really eye -opening to see that, you know, the national offices did not ideally know what was going on. And so they have their own parallel sort of frameworks going on. But then also, too, I see the exclusion of members of parliament. Last night we had the Africa Tech AI and Governance Summit that LawyersUp is hosting this week. And Honre Bonima, who's the chairperson of the parliamentary network on internet. Governance, you know, spoke about the fact that... We continue to exclude members of parliament. And so we're driving policy and driving government, but we're only speaking to one phase, which is executive. And that has been the case as well with judiciary, that we walk away from the judiciary. And as we talk about data and AI governance, we now see that the judiciaries are becoming the – actually they're stating what needs to be the law, especially where we have a vacuum and a lacuna in the law. I think that's useful to note. But I also would say that we need capacity building. A lot of people do not know the difference between sensitive data and where health data rests and what it sits on. And I think it begins from building the capacity of data protection authorities, because many of them, which is now a problem, lifting up frameworks from the EU on how to govern data, but then ideally do not lift their institutions or their budget. Last night we launched the Africa AI Governance Index. And in this index, one of the things that we found was that we were not able to do anything about the fact that we were not able to do anything about the data. And I think that's going to be a big part of the reason why we're doing this. And I think that's going to be a big part of the reason why we're doing this. AI, data protection authorities are being used as the default AI officers. It's just Rwanda only that released their, they launched their AI agency last week. But for instance, Ghana, the AI agency still rests within the office of the data protection authority. And so there's need for the health ecosystem to really be speaking to data protection authorities and looking at how do we give them the technical skill sets to be able to govern health data, even though they have the policy aspects of it. I think that's really missing, and we need to marry the technical and the policy angles, I think, in that sense. And I think globally what needs to be done is to really have the Africans in the room. We have a challenge, even in this particular conference, there's really few of us Africans this entire AI week, and I would mention it as it is, it's all linked to visas. which we must fix. Geneva is an expensive country to come to, an expensive city to come to, and I think it's important for us to, those who are really working on policies, not to look at it like, you know, Africans are not involved, they're not here. Why are they not involved? How do we make legislations ideally? So how would we start from the bottom up and make sure that it's representative, make it cheaper, make it accessible? For instance, we need partnerships where Transform Health, for instance, works with Color, works with Lawyers Hub, and ensures that we ideally can speak to these embassies and governments and say, we need a three -year pass. So if this policy is going to take a three -year period, there is no reason for us to be here. One week, we get another visa. It really costs more, but also it kills us in planning. So we cannot do some long -term initiatives that we need. I think that will be a really great partnership between health data professionals here in New York and also, I think, across the African continent. So I think for me, it's not a policy problem. And from the index, we established that policy is not the problem. It's implementation. Many of the African countries are coming up with strategies, national AI strategies. Some of them are very specific on how to deal with health data. But ideally, it's implementation. They do not have the budget. They don't have the skill sets to implement these things. And also, many of these strategies are all borrowed from the West. In my original words, it's Linda wanting Beyonce's hair without Beyonce's budget or stylist. I think we need to have our own budget, our own context to really make this happen. Let's look at community health workers. What does health data governance mean for them? Because they don't exist in the West. I think we have to be very specific and contextual in that sense. Thank you.
Kirsten Mathieson
Thank you. You raised some incredibly important points there. I think really the representation point, a meaningfully engaging kind of different. whether geographic or stakeholder representation is absolutely essential. And the fact that so much is happening and advancing already so much in the continent, that those really need to be leveraged in shaping some of these global discussions and what's needed to make that happen. As you said, we're joining at these really critical global moments here in Geneva, and we need then the perspectives and expertise coming from all regions as part of those global discussions. So thank you. Absolutely agree. I agree. And then also representation of different stakeholders as well. I think, as you said, and we believe strongly also at Transform Health, that members of parliament are so critical to these discussions. As we look at then, you know, enacting and implementing these legislative frameworks, they need to be part of those discussions also from the beginning and can also really help champion those discussions as well around what is needed. And then just also a really interesting point about kind of the duplicity, and it's not always the same focal points. Joining these different discussions. when oftentimes it is the same discussion. So that's also a really good thing to reflect on, and it might be great if you can reflect on that a little bit, Samaza, or not to point to you, but just as we look at some of these global discussions happening this week and the opportunities through some of these is how can we ensure the better alignment between these different processes as well.
Linda Bonyo
Can I just add one little thing? I think that what I'm learning from, like, let's say the data governance working group and what we do with Africa as well, I think there's opportunity to meet these working groups, for instance, and make sure that the next time that, you know, the data governance working group is meeting here, I think ITU is hosting the next one, is to bring in WhatsApp. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
Simao Ferraz de Campos Neto
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. So, all this fragmentation that we have heard about in different dimensions, we have fragmentation, legislative frameworks, we have a problem of literacy for people talking about, needed to involve more stakeholders, so not only stakeholders, and one big stakeholder that is extremely frequently absent of this discussion is the private sector. I think, you know, ITU has been an organization where you have member states as well as the private sector's members. We are, let's say, because we do work, we work in ICTs and ICT standards, it is driven by the private sector. So we have we need to have the private sector building these building blocks. And we know that doesn't work. And then you're talking about bringing high technology, fast evolving technology, AI, into the scene. And if you don't have them on board, it is not going to work. I think Chico mentioned one aspect that the private sector wants open field so that you can. I think what they also want is clarity and something that you can understand how it's going to work. Because we have. So they data hoarders. It's not only private sector, also institutional that they sit on data. Why do they sit on data? Because they are greedy. sometimes it's because they're afraid how can we share it safely for us, I mean it's a liability another aspect of data sharing, coming back to the technical standards is how you format this data so that it can be available, so I think we have one good example of initiative that's going the right direction in the European space which is the European data space that is shaping up, it's still lacking a few interconnecting technical framework data, it does, it has addressed the rights aspect of it so I think bringing this for the private sector some clarity some right direction but in the moment they're going to have implementations going on of people using this data, you need the next level which is machine discoverable data sets so that this can be automated and something that integrates what can you do with this data without it and too many human interactions, maybe some template agreements that can say how you can use this data so that you can automate this process and deliver it to the next level. And also give the right incentives for these so -called data hoarders, I mean people that have data and don't know how to share it. Also knowing that a lot of the, let's say, people that produce data like pharma, they prefer to deal with this as trade secrets, the data as trade secrets and make bilateral agreements with people that might be using them. It's extremely time expensive because it requires a lot of digging into that. And also the discoverability of those data, it is not trivial. So I think we need to work hard on standards in that direction to improve that. On the legislative side, we are going to have a an issue with recognizing that AI is not a single technology. So I think I want to make this point because it's very important. People talk about AI, you need to regulate AI. But AI is a misnomer. It's not one thing. There are many technologies that are decades old and things that came out last two or three months that have very different implications, very different maturity levels, very different risk levels. And they require, I think, regulation that is aware of risk and the fast pace of technology, the maturity, and where it's going to be used. Some applications are riskier than others and need more safeguards. So the legislative framework has to respect that. Come back to literacy. People need to understand this. And when they are creating, don't make... frameworks that are overburdening so that the private sector can innovate and play the game. Thank you so much.
Kirsten Mathieson
I know we're coming close to time, but thank you so much. I think it's really important, again, really emphasizing those points around kind of these legislative frameworks provide that clarity for stakeholders and also so that data can be used, but used responsibly for health outcomes. I want to give the final word to Ambassador Jamal. So the government of Oman has really played a leading role within the health space, particularly around advancing health data and AI governance. And we saw a lot of that political momentum around the World Health Assembly. And I just want to hear from you kind of what is needed now to kind of build on that as we look towards next year's World Health Assembly and what will you be looking forward in the coming months?
Jamal Alshanfari
Thank you very much, Kristen, and thank everybody in this room. Honestly, the first step is... This discussion that we have in this room, I think, is very healthy to have a discussion like this. to develop more and more and to get everybody involved in the board. What we have seen, the political support and everybody's support during the WHA high -level meeting was very great, and it shows that everybody is ready to implement and get things done. Honestly, as everybody said, we have a lot of rules, but we need implementation at the site. So looking forward, I know we don't have time, but I'm going straight to, I'll cut right to the chase. There is four pillars that we need to focus on on the next step. Number one is to build a broader consensus among our member states and stakeholders and everybody else. We need to strengthen the national capacities and the national laws, as everybody here agrees from the discussion, and to develop practical implementation guidance with the advice of the WHO and everybody who is responsible. We need to continue. We need to continue also on consultation involving governments, international organizations. academia, civil society, private sector and end users. Everybody forgets about the end user. The end users are the people who are going to use these tools. For any future framework we should support the countries to different level of digital health maturity because not everybody is in the same level as we said earlier. So we respect national sovereignty, we make sure that a legal strong legal framework makes trust and what we need now is trust. So the pathway for global framework begins with a practical cooperation with everybody we mentioned earlier. So thank you very much.
Mathilde Forslund
So I just want to say a couple of last words. I know we're running out of time. I am but just to say that you know thank all the intervenants for this really insightful conversation. We are so excited about, you know, the progress that we're seeing at the national level, at the regional level, and at the global level. And I think we really have this opportunity and momentum right now with WHA next May to push forward on this WHA resolution. So if you want to find out more or if you have any other questions, feel free to come up to any of the intervenants and to any of us or send us an email afterwards. And, yeah, I'll leave it there. Thank you so much, everyone, for making it out today. Thank you.
Participant
Sure, yeah. It's still very interesting. Thank you. Thank you. So, you know, everything is so slow. I'm from Belgium. The EGES, it's all European Health Data Space. It's also incredibly slow. But if there are no concrete proposals really going to sharing something, yeah, it's not interesting, I think. And so my question is, is there one place in the world at the moment where citizens who want to share their data can do it in a kind of a public way, so with a public institution? And after that, just the email too, where I can.
Jamal Alshanfari
Thank you very much. I really appreciate your question. The question is very, very straightforward and actually supports us. So thank you very much for the question. Honestly, what's happening, we've been proposing a draft resolution regarding the same to have a common ground for everybody to support this. And I think that's a very good point. And I think that's a very good point. And we are going to push for this for next EB. It will be driven by member states and everybody or our stakeholders, civil society and academia, like I mentioned. So we are going to propose this and it will be put, honestly, next step in the executive board. Yeah. So that's coming up. And that's why I'm here today. Thank you.
Human rights
Clear frameworks for accountability and oversight are necessary to address issues arising from AI's use. 5. Legal and Regulatory Frameworks: Guidelines and Regulations: Strong rules and guidelines are needed for develop...
Digital Health at the crossroads of human rights, AI governance, and e-trade (SouthCentre)
This raises ethical concerns about patients not receiving any benefits from the use of their data for drug development. The discussion also emphasized the need for more in-depth deliberation on health data sharing and it...
HIGH LEVEL LEADERS SESSION I
Supporting facts: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the core role data has in unlocking health innovation Topics: global health, health inequities, data innovations Data extraction and movement can exace...
Health diplomacy
WHEN has health diplomacy evolved? Health diplomacy has developed over time, adapting to shifting global health challenges and alternating international relations dynamics. Some of the key periods and specific events th...
'Our Common Agenda' | Rapport of the UN Secretary-General
However, even in the face of necessary but hard questions, it is important not to lose sight of what has gone right, thanks in part to a robust ecosystem of partnerships, as well as recent steps to strengthen WHO, the In...
WSIS Action Line C7: E-health - Fostering foundations for digital health transformation in the age of AI
Preuves Be Healthy, Be Mobile 2.0 initiative launching September during UN General Assembly, Global Digital Health Certification Network enables verification of health credentials across borders, successful use case w...
Harnessing AI’s power for health
Andreas underlines that there is a notorious digital divide across different countries but also within countries, engendering vast disparities in terms of access to digital health services across the population. Thus, wh...
Open Forum #7 Advancing Data Governance Together Across Regions
Preuves Question from Wikimedia Foundation about ensuring all human rights are respected throughout harmonization process Major discussion point Human Rights and Digital Sovereignty Topics Human rights | Legal...
Dedicated stakeholder session (in accordance with agreed modalities for the participation of stakeholders of 22 April 2022)
These documents provide practical considerations for international cooperation and capacity building. Preuves A group of countries from their region and others have submitted working documents and statements on capa...
WSIS Forum 2017: Résumé of Day 4
E-government services were considered important in supporting participatory decision-making, and economic and social development. When devising their national e-government strategies, governments should consider, among o...
Day 0 Event #257 Enhancing Data Governance in the Public Sector
Preuves Question from Robert Sun from Cambodia about data governance reports and metrics for data sovereignty; facilitation of online participation in the discussion Major discussion point Multi-Stakeholder Govern...
What’s new with cybersecurity negotiations: The OEWG 2021–2025 annual report adopted
The USA was against including any capacity-building initiatives within the OEWG in the annual report that were not previously discussed by the states, and pointed out the existing capacity-building initiatives within the...
Unpacking the High-Level Panel’s Rapport on Digital Cooperation: Geneva policy experts propose action plan
In the era of ‘trust deficit’, the legitimacy of the help desk is of high relevance especially for actors from small and developing countries. Action: Ensure that help desks are associated to, or linked with, the UN syst...
Developing data capacities for policy makers and diplomats
We always see a strong push for more data, especially in discussions surrounding the SDGs. For example, it is vital to have dis-aggregated data to create a more fine-grained picture of regions or groups of people that m...
From digital independence to digital interdependence
Another main issue related to data is the lack of solid data on digital developments in general. Digital inclusion could be the first step to make much more informed and evidence-based discussions on our digital presence...
1

The knowledge base confirms Forslund’s role and Transform Health’s mission in closely related remarks at UNGA, where she identified herself as Executive Director of Transform Health and described it as a global coalition working to harness digital transformation to achieve universal health coverage by 2030, stressing equity and rights-based principles [S98]. The WSIS-specific framing in the report is not directly evidenced in the cited knowledge base extract, but the broader organisational description is consistent [S98].

2

This is consistent with the knowledge base, which says AI has been used for diagnosis, screening, clinical care, outbreak surveillance, and public health response, while also creating risks around privacy, inclusiveness, accountability and cybersecurity that require governance attention [S21]. It also aligns with the broader point that policymaking must catch up with technical innovation in digital health [S23].

3

The knowledge base directly supports this. In her UNGA remarks, Forslund called for 'strong legislative and regulatory environments' for digital transformation in health, including stronger health data governance regulation to govern data collection and use and support responsible innovation [S98].

4

The knowledge base supports the underlying emphasis on rights-respecting and transparent data practices, including concerns about consent, personal data use, and fair and transparent data practices in health and pharmaceutical contexts [S22]. It does not directly confirm the specific language about public redress mechanisms, but it adds relevant human-rights context [S22].

5

This is corroborated by the knowledge base. WHO-linked discussion notes that health technologies often involve stakeholders across borders and that privacy regulation should therefore be harmonised internationally [S21]. Additional Africa-focused material also describes fragmentation in data governance rules and the need for harmonisation to enable cross-border data flows while protecting rights [S48].

6

The knowledge base supports the general point that relevant international guidance already exists. It notes WHO’s first guidelines on digital health interventions from 2019 and continuing intergovernmental momentum on digital health governance [S23]. However, the specific references to OECD recommendations and the Health Data Collaborative are not substantiated in the provided sources [S23].

7

No provided knowledge base source confirms this reported World Health Assembly development. The available material discusses digital health and AI governance broadly, but does not evidence a WHA decision or support in May for a possible global health data governance resolution [S21] [S23]. This claim should therefore be treated cautiously unless supported by another source.

8

The knowledge base confirms the relevance of the Global Digital Compact and ongoing WSIS-related processes in current digital governance debates [S101] [S102] [S106]. It also confirms that Africa is discussing continental approaches to data governance and harmonisation, though the provided sources refer more generally to AU and Africa-wide frameworks than specifically to Africa CDC [S48] [S100]. The European Health Data Space reference is not evidenced in the supplied extracts.

9

This is consistent with knowledge base discussions of harmonisation, shared standards, and cross-border data governance. Data governance is described as needing technical standards for interoperability, legal protections, and international coordination [S112]. Africa-focused material likewise stresses harmonised frameworks and data-sharing mechanisms to enable cross-border flows while safeguarding rights [S48].

10

The knowledge base shows Zambia has been in wider digital governance processes, including co-facilitating the Global Digital Compact after taking over from Rwanda in 2023, and articulating positions on inclusion, human rights, cross-border data governance, and interoperability [S101] [S102]. This supports the plausibility of a Zambian speaker linking global commitments to national experience, although it does not directly identify Andrew Kashoka or his remarks.

11

The only provided knowledge base figure for Transform Health’s scale is that it is a coalition of 'more than two hundred organisations' [S98]. The specific endorsement claim about 'more than 175 organisations and governments' is not confirmed in the supplied sources and should not be treated as verified on this evidence alone [S98].

Annika Silva-Leander — Annika Silva-Leander
Feodora Hamza — https://diplo-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/2024/04/Feodora-Hamza.jpg Ms Feodora Hamza joined Digital Watch Observatory in 2022 as a knowledge fellow, where her research focuses on emerging technology and the lega...
Bodil Neuenschwander — Bodil Neuenschwander
Andrew Cassels — Andrew Cassels
Jonathan Andrew — Jonathan Andrew
Andrew F. Cooper — Andrew F. Cooper
Disappearance of journalist Jamal Khashoggi — In Jamal Khashoggi: All you need to know about Saudi journalist's death, the BBC summarises reports about the disappearance of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi in Turkey on 2 October. The article gives details of the dev...
(Day 5) General Debate - General Assembly, 79th session: afternoon session — The multilateral system deserves to be defended in the same spirit of creativity, under the same promise of hope, and with the same steadfast determination that guided the hands of those who brought this organization i...
Jamalul Izza — Jamalul Izza
Linda S. Frey — Linda S. Frey
Futuring Peace in Northeast Asia in the Digital Era | IGF 2023 Open Forum #169 — Yeah, I have two points about the next steps of the metaverse. Oyundalai Odkhuu: And first of all is we need to invest in some kind of funding to educational sector. And it is still new sector and so i...
WSIS Action Lines for Advancing the Achievement of SDGs | IGF 2023 Open Forum #5 — And at that point, the Ministry of Information and Communication was created. And two of my really good friends, Honorable Tuju and Honorable Regé, were then appointed Tuju as the minister and Honorable Regé as the perma...
Communications and competition law: Key issues in the telecoms, media and technology sectors — Mr. Moura holds a BA degree in Economics and an MBA from COPPEAD – Rio de Janeiro Federal University. Prior to joining TelComp, Mr. Moura was a Partner at Coopers & Lybrand – a global consultancy firm – with significant ...
Francisco Gomes de Matos — Francisco Gomes de Matos
Web content accessibility guidelines — A.1 Participants of the AG WG in the development of this document: § Jake Abma (Invited Expert) Shadi Abou-Zahra ( W3C ) Chuck Adams (Oracle Corporation) Amani Ali (Nomensa) Jim Allan (Invited Expert) Paul Adam (D...
Bruce Patton — Bruce Patton
Boris Engelson — Boris Engelson Resident Contrarian https://diplo-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/2026/02/Gemini_Generated_Image_rx95bsrx95bsrx95.png a:1:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-7d18bafb4f85f118cfa75ad6dae51bae-1";a:1:{i...
Kirsten Salyer — Kirsten Salyer
Kaarika Das — https://diplo-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/2023/09/Kaarika-Das-1.jpg Ms Kaarika Das is a PhD candidate in Economics of Education at the National Institute of Education Planning and Administration in New Delhi. Her...
Katarina Bojović — Katarina Bojović https://dig.watch/wp-content/uploads/katarina-andjelkovic.jpg Ms Katarina Bojović is a lecturer in e-diplomacy and internet governance courses and a researcher and coordinator of the sociocultural basket...
Harnessing AI’s power for health — Andreas underlines that there is a notorious digital divide across different countries but also within countries, engendering vast disparities in terms of access to digital health services across the population. Thus, wh...
Digital Health at the crossroads of human rights, AI governance, and e-trade (SouthCentre) — This raises ethical concerns about patients not receiving any benefits from the use of their data for drug development. The discussion also emphasized the need for more in-depth deliberation on health data sharing and it...
Digital health — What are the risks of digitalisation in health? What actions are required to address the issue? The digital divide is one of the major issues related to digitalisation. One needs to have access to the Internet, ICT, and ...
Do we really need specialised AI regulation? — Most likely not. Many existing laws are applicable to AI as well. This text aims to spark debate and bring greater clarity to society’s response to AI. Before enacting new AI laws, we must first ask whether current legal...
Keynotes — This is presented as one of six key actions needed to achieve the best possible regulation. Major discussion point International Cooperation and Framework Development Topics Legal and regulatory | Human rights ...
GDPR: Integrating human rights into business practices — The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is now only months away from entering into force (May 2018). There have been numerous debates as to how it will change the landscape of data protection in the EU and beyon...
Ensuring user-centred privacy in a connected world — A business-dominated session at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona (2-5 March) covered the issue of user-centred privacy. Since the introduction of the smartphone, many things have changed… But laws have not kept up ...
Open Forum #21 Leveraging Citizen Data for Inclusive Digital Governance — And for instance, using sign languages and translating the application to several different languages. And the goal really should be to avoid that or seeing citizens as free labor. This has been tackled and discussed a l...
Parliamentary Roundtable Safeguarding Democracy in the Digital Age Legislative Priorities and Policy Pathways — The challenge becomes not just access, but meaningful access and use as these issues are discussed. Preuves Barbados has 114% mobile penetration rate indicating over-maximum coverage Major discussion point Digit...
Digital rights in Africa: A brief national overview — Laws and policies: Focus on privacy and data protection Accelerated digital transformation processes and increasing cross-border trade within and beyond the African continent call for strengthened and harmonised legal ...
Day 0 Event #257 Enhancing Data Governance in the Public Sector — So they feel that what has worked for them is not going to work if something new is added on. So they use a lot of excuses like, for example, the Department of Health would say that, oh, my act, we are mandated, and our ...
Upholding interconnectivity and interoperability of digital solutions in a fragmented world (WCO) — Information received about veterinary or food safety certificates should be shared with both customs and competent authorities to ensure a well-coordinated process.The Codex, an international body responsible for setting...
Digital governance in African continental and regional organisations — Some of the policy documents issued by RECs include certain international dimensions. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS),ECOWAS member states: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, G...
Digital economy in Africa: Continental and regional policies and initiatives — (2020, April 21). Central African cements mobile money interoperability. ITWeb. In 2022, BEAC’s Banking Commission issued an official statement that cryptocurrency use should be restricted in the CEMAC region.Zimwara, T....
A 12-step guide to implementing the SDGs — Such collaboration should also be multistakeholder in nature. 4. Link programs to the SDGs Related to both communication and collaboration, many programs already conduct work related to realizing the SDGs but do not nece...
Facilitating an integrated approach to digital issues — dot Valletta). The second is for governments to come together with civil society, business, and other actors to form national policy groups in which to discuss the issues of Internet governance, including cybersecurity, ...
The rights of future generations: A practical approach — A rights approach requires consideration of distributive justice. Achieving distributive justice is challenging even today. Planning for future distributive justice is nearly impossible. Who is responsible for securing...
A Global Digital Compact - an Open, Free and Secure Digital Future for All | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 5  — Relevant United Nations entities, such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization through its recommendation on the ethics of AI and the World Health Organization (WHO) through its Ethics and...
The Future of the Internet — The matters pertaining to the Internet and its ‘governance’ are broad and varied, and include aspects such as human rights, cybersecurity, infrastructure and connectivity, and skills learning, among others. Human rights ...
High-Level Session 2: Transforming Health: Integrating Innovation and Digital Solutions for Global Well-being — It means more than this. It means more business. It enables that the identity holder to use it for digital transactions. Framework. Framework means ecosystem which covers legal, governance, infrastructure, technical op...
Part 3: ‘Readiness across the spectrum: Countries’ — This post is part of the series UN 2.0 and the Metaverse: Are We Seeing What Is Possible? Part 1: Harnessing technology, driving SDGs Part 2: ‘CitiVerse: Turning the world into a global village (or rather sandbox?)’...
Citizen engagement: We lack ambition in design, not technology — "Whenever I am asked about the role of social media and new technologies for citizen engagement, I like to show the first minute and a half or so of this brilliant TED Talk by Dave Meslin", writes Giulio Quaggiotto, Prac...
WS #138 Empowering End Users Voices in Internet Governance — So it's not only money, it's not only resources, but it's also information, communication, and a good networking to spread this news. Pari Esfandiari: Thank you very much. And with that, we go to Armita. Armita, f...
How to break down silos across defence, diplomacy and development? — Breaking down silos between 3D (defence, diplomacy and development) is in a focus of many countries. The United States has been reinvigorated by Biden's administration and his appointment of Samantha Power as USAID admin...
Policy Network on Internet Fragmentation | IGF 2023 — And in that sense, what we were able to do this year is further unpack what the framework is, and those three areas which Wim outlined, and those are the fragmentation of the technical layer, the user experience, and gov...
WS #260 The paradox of inclusion in Internet governance — Good morning, everyone. So my name is Yasmin. I'm a cybersecurity program officer at the ITU. So the ITU, as many of you know, is the U.N. cybersecurity and technology agency, and the ITU is a global organization. ...
Human rights — Clear frameworks for accountability and oversight are necessary to address issues arising from AI's use. 5. Legal and Regulatory Frameworks: Guidelines and Regulations: Strong rules and guidelines are needed for develop...
Digital economy in Africa: National policy and regulatory frameworks — Moreover, there is a requirement that health data should not be stored outside Kenyan territory. The implementing Data Protection (General) Regulations (2021) clarify that entities which process personal data for the pur...
HIGH LEVEL LEADERS SESSION I — Supporting facts: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the core role data has in unlocking health innovation Topics: global health, health inequities, data innovations Data extraction and movement can exace...
Health diplomacy — WHEN has health diplomacy evolved? Health diplomacy has developed over time, adapting to shifting global health challenges and alternating international relations dynamics. Some of the key periods and specific events th...
WSIS Action Line C7: E-health - Fostering foundations for digital health transformation in the age of AI — Disagreement level Low to moderate disagreement level. Most disagreements were about means rather than ends, with intervenants generally aligned on goals but differing on emphasis and implementation strategies. This sugges...
Open Forum #7 Advancing Data Governance Together Across Regions — Preuves Question from Wikimedia Foundation about ensuring all human rights are respected throughout harmonization process Major discussion point Human Rights and Digital Sovereignty Topics Human rights | Legal...
WSIS Forum 2017: Résumé of Day 4 — E-government services were considered important in supporting participatory decision-making, and economic and social development. When devising their national e-government strategies, governments should consider, among o...
Digital governance: Who is picking up the phone? — Like earthquakes, it is difficult to predict where such issues will emerge, or prevent them. But, as with earthquakes, we have to prepare to deal with their consequences. The Panel’s proposals for dealing with ‘digital u...
Unpacking the High-Level Panel’s Rapport on Digital Cooperation: Geneva policy experts propose action plan — In the era of ‘trust deficit’, the legitimacy of the help desk is of high relevance especially for actors from small and developing countries. Action: Ensure that help desks are associated to, or linked with, the UN syst...
[Panel Discussion] Managing Digital Transition - Policy and Capacity Building [Panel Discussion] Managing Digital Transition - Policy and Capacity Building Rapport de session Intervenants Graphe de connaissances In-depth an...
The rights of future generations: A practical approach — A rights approach requires consideration of distributive justice. Achieving distributive justice is challenging even today. Planning for future distributive justice is nearly impossible. Who is responsible for securing...
Diplomatic policy analysis — Overdependence on algorithms without critical human oversight can lead to biased or incomplete conclusions, particularly in complex, nuanced scenarios. Digital divides: Not all countries have equal access to advanced an...
Valuing What Counts: Framework to Progress Beyond Gross Domestic Product | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 4 — New metrics that target climate action and related finance are needed to address increasing vulnerabilities and to support disaster risk reduction, adaptation and mitigation. The chemical burden carried by the oceans...
Investment policy framework for sustainable development — A common set of principles for investment in SDGs can help establish a common sense of direction and purpose. UNCTAD’s Investment Policy Framework includes a set of principles specifically focused on investment policies ...
Digital Health at the crossroads of human rights, AI governance, and e-trade (SouthCentre) — This raises ethical concerns about patients not receiving any benefits from the use of their data for drug development. The discussion also emphasized the need for more in-depth deliberation on health data sharing and it...
Regional perspectives on digital governance | IGF 2023 Open Forum #138 — Supporting facts: This needs to be clear when discussing governance mechanisms. Topics: Global Interconnected Network, Global Public Good Regional actors can mitigate national reactions in managing the globa...
Africa and Internet governance: At the table or on the menu? — Internet governance (IG) is a particularly challenging puzzle when viewed from the perspective of countries in the Global South. Many of these countries are asymmetrically integrated and constrained by structures of depe...
Building inclusive global digital governance (CIGI) — Overall, the analysis underscores the complexities and challenges surrounding data governance, emphasizing the need for collective efforts to address them.Silvana FumegaCountries have made significant progress in impleme...
Health diplomacy — Alleviating Health Inequities: The practice of health diplomacy focuses on promoting health equity by addressing the social determinants of health, advocating for fair and equitable access to healthcare resources and sup...
WHO handbook on health inequality monitoring with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries — Consideration should be given to the amount of political and popular support for the proposed change, and its funding, feasibility, timing and likely effects on outcomes. Cost-effectiveness is another key ...
WSIS Action Line C7: E-health - Fostering foundations for digital health transformation in the age of AI — Impact This observation elevated the discussion beyond technical considerations to strategic and philosophical ones. It influenced subsequent intervenants like Steven Wanyee to provide concrete examples of how countries ar...
Digital health: a call for government leadership and cooperation between ICT and health — https://dig.watch/wp-content/uploads/WorkingGroupHealthExecutiveSummary-2017.pdf https://broadbandcommission.org/Documents/publications/WorkingGroupHealthExecutiveSummary-2017.pdf Policy Reports
Cybersecurity public-private partnerships in healthcare – Part 2 — ISACs in the EU were established following the US model of sectoral ISACs which have proven to be effective in the overall improvement of cybersecurity. In comparison to the PPPs, ISACs are more formal in their nature. ...
The impact of NGOs on international policymaking — In the Westphalian paradigm, states are sovereign in their national policies. In today’s world, deliberative democracy legitimises state laws and policies. International alignment of national laws and policies is achieve...
WS #55 Future of Governance in Africa — Enforcing the rule of law. door to maintain colonial order, normal, logical. Second, resource extraction to serve, as I said, economic interests of these external powers. So this extractive and minimalist model of go...
Effectiveness of multistakeholderism: the Kenya ICT Review 2016 — Collective decision making is not alien to African culture. In many traditional societies, decisions were made by a council after listening to the views of different age groups and other societal groupings. In Kenya for ...
Multistakeholderism and Internet governance in Cameroon — The same actors will not have the same impact or mastery in all spheres, so it is important to understand, integrate and harness this factor to promote national development objectives where different actors could work th...
A bottom-up approach: IG processes and multistakeholderism | IGF 2023 Open Forum #23 — Topics: Internet, Governance, UN A meaningful application of the multi-stakeholder process requires a more granular understanding of stakeholder groups Supporting facts: There's a need to analyze the issue tha...
Part 5: Rethinking legal governance in the metaverse — 2. ITU FGMV-23: Online and offline implications of confidence The technical report titled Technical Rapport on Considering Online and Offline Implications in Efforts to Build Confidence and Security in the Metaverse (FG...
Slow politics for fast digital developments — On the human dimension, the OSCE is likely to focus on the human rights (privacy protection, freedom of expression) and preventing the use of the Internet to promote racism, xenophobia, and other forms of discrimination....
Low-profile changes are what happen while we await the BIG change — If you are following recent Internet politics, you will have found hundreds of articles and blogs dealing with the main Internet governance battle, usually portrayed as a struggle between ITU and ICANN. The next big roun...
E-Participation Webinar - Open Data — Open Gov / Open Data initiatives are more relevant in a national context than at an international level. This was the motion for the third debate that took place on 21 May 2013 during Diplo’s E-Participation Webinar. The...
Preuves and measurement in Internet governance — In every policy area, informed policy-making requires access to data and evidence. Solutions simply cannot be advanced without an accurate scope of the problem. Internet governance and ICT policy are no exception. For po...
Data-driven discussions at the 2018 High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development — ‘If we are not counted, we do not count, and we remain invisible’ - Representative of the Stakeholder Group of Persons with Disabilities Data plays an increasingly central role in discussions around the sustainable dev...
Human rights — Clear frameworks for accountability and oversight are necessary to address issues arising from AI's use. 5. Legal and Regulatory Frameworks: Guidelines and Regulations: Strong rules and guidelines are needed for develop...
Digital Health at the crossroads of human rights, AI governance, and e-trade (SouthCentre) — This raises ethical concerns about patients not receiving any benefits from the use of their data for drug development. The discussion also emphasized the need for more in-depth deliberation on health data sharing and it...
HIGH LEVEL LEADERS SESSION I — Supporting facts: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the core role data has in unlocking health innovation Topics: global health, health inequities, data innovations Data extraction and movement can exace...
Health diplomacy — WHEN has health diplomacy evolved? Health diplomacy has developed over time, adapting to shifting global health challenges and alternating international relations dynamics. Some of the key periods and specific events th...
'Our Common Agenda' | Rapport of the UN Secretary-General — However, even in the face of necessary but hard questions, it is important not to lose sight of what has gone right, thanks in part to a robust ecosystem of partnerships, as well as recent steps to strengthen WHO, the In...
WSIS Action Line C7: E-health - Fostering foundations for digital health transformation in the age of AI — Preuves Be Healthy, Be Mobile 2.0 initiative launching September during UN General Assembly, Global Digital Health Certification Network enables verification of health credentials across borders, successful use case w...
Harnessing AI’s power for health — Andreas underlines that there is a notorious digital divide across different countries but also within countries, engendering vast disparities in terms of access to digital health services across the population. Thus, wh...
Open Forum #7 Advancing Data Governance Together Across Regions — Preuves Question from Wikimedia Foundation about ensuring all human rights are respected throughout harmonization process Major discussion point Human Rights and Digital Sovereignty Topics Human rights | Legal...
Dedicated stakeholder session (in accordance with agreed modalities for the participation of stakeholders of 22 April 2022) — These documents provide practical considerations for international cooperation and capacity building. Preuves A group of countries from their region and others have submitted working documents and statements on capa...
WSIS Forum 2017: Résumé of Day 4 — E-government services were considered important in supporting participatory decision-making, and economic and social development. When devising their national e-government strategies, governments should consider, among o...
Day 0 Event #257 Enhancing Data Governance in the Public Sector — Preuves Question from Robert Sun from Cambodia about data governance reports and metrics for data sovereignty; facilitation of online participation in the discussion Major discussion point Multi-Stakeholder Govern...
What’s new with cybersecurity negotiations: The OEWG 2021–2025 annual report adopted — The USA was against including any capacity-building initiatives within the OEWG in the annual report that were not previously discussed by the states, and pointed out the existing capacity-building initiatives within the...
Unpacking the High-Level Panel’s Rapport on Digital Cooperation: Geneva policy experts propose action plan — In the era of ‘trust deficit’, the legitimacy of the help desk is of high relevance especially for actors from small and developing countries. Action: Ensure that help desks are associated to, or linked with, the UN syst...
Developing data capacities for policy makers and diplomats — We always see a strong push for more data, especially in discussions surrounding the SDGs. For example, it is vital to have dis-aggregated data to create a more fine-grained picture of regions or groups of people that m...
From digital independence to digital interdependence — Another main issue related to data is the lack of solid data on digital developments in general. Digital inclusion could be the first step to make much more informed and evidence-based discussions on our digital presence...
WSIS Forum 2017: Résumé of Day 3 — The WSIS Forum 2017 continued today with six high-level policy sessions and several workshops, featuring discussions on issues such as the digital economy, cybersecurity, gender mainstreaming, and online extremism. The h...
WSIS Forum 2017: Résumé of Day 1 — The ninth edition of the WSIS Forum opened yesterday in Geneva, under the overarching theme Information and knowledge societies for the SDGs. As in previous years, the event brings together the ICT for development and th...
Multistakeholder Dialogue on National Digital Health Transformation — What would you like to see from governments, from the multilateral agencies, including one sitting to your left and right, and other donors in the room, prioritize in the light of the global digital compact and the sum...
High-level government perspectives at CONNECTing the Dots — Dr Alex Sceberras Trigona, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Malta and current special envoy of the Prime Minister of Malta, made a strong case in favour of proclaiming the Internet as a global public resource. Refer...
Strengthening Africa’s voices in global digital processes — After looking at the current situation, the discussion will provide practical insights and suggestions on why and how to broaden the African digital diplomacy footprint in international processes, focusing on those deali...
The GDC and the WSIS+20 Processes: What's in it for Africa — However, he is not able to join us this afternoon, and so it is my great honor to welcome you to this session this afternoon and explore how these two global processes, the GDC and the OASIS, and what they provide for Af...
First round of informal consultations with member states, observers and stakeholders (2024) — The United States acknowledges the significant work carried out by the World Summit on the Information Society within the UN framework over the past two decades, using it as a benchmark to enhance Information and Communi...
Briefing for co-leads of Global Digital Compact: Ambassadors of Rwanda and Sweden to the UN in New York — Diplo/Geneva Internet Platform hosted a briefing on digital governance issues for the Ambassadors of Rwanda and Sweden to the UN in New York, in their capacities as co-facilitator of the Global Digital Compact (GDC) proc...
Malawi and Zambia collaborate for thriving digital market — Malawi and Zambia have recently signed a Diplomatic Data Corridor Agreement and a Government-to-Government Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish a bridge across the digital divide, thereby fostering an affordabl...
Building Bridges through Science Diplomacy: Accelerating progress toward sustainable development — And I think a one that sort of is really important for governments to continue to do. The second thing that I think is really important thing for governments to do is to put science at the heart of decision-making. And...
Open Forum #15 Building Bridges for WSIS Plus a Multistakeholder Dialogue — Isabelle Lois: That is beautiful. Thank you so much. And maybe I would give my word, if I can. And I'm sorry, I know we're over time. I think I would say that we have a fair deal for all. And on that note, I apologize fo...
Parliamentary diplomacy and Internet policy making — Many issues in Internet governance are discussed on both the global and regional levels. For example, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) makes policy on domain names, while the Internet Gover...
High-Level Dialogue: The role of parliaments in shaping our digital future — You cannot make policy on something that you do not understand. Amira, I think it's important that we continue to build knowledge among parliamentarians of the development of new technologies and the implications thereon...
Parliamentary diplomacy — Parliamentary diplomacy is a form of diplomacy conducted by members of a country's parliament or legislature, rather than traditional diplomats or government officials. It involves building relationships, exchanging idea...
OPENING STATEMENTS FROM STAKEHOLDERS — This model emphasizes collaboration among various stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, civil society, and the technical community.By embracing this approach, the WSIS aims to bridge the digital divide...
Data and diplomacy — Described as the ‘oil’ of the 21st century, the potential of data to achieve breakthroughs in various industries and fields is significant. Diplomacy is no exception. Data has become critical for the use of AI in diploma...

Avertissement : Il ne s'agit pas d'un compte rendu officiel de la session. DiploAI génère ces ressources à partir d'enregistrements audiovisuels ; elles sont présentées telles quelles, y compris d'éventuelles erreurs. En raison de contraintes logistiques (audio/vidéo ou transcriptions), les noms peuvent être mal orthographiés. Nous nous efforçons d'être aussi précis que possible.