AI maps over 1,300 mouse brain subregions with unprecedented precision
A new AI tool delineates mouse brain regions with city-level precision, reshaping how scientists study function and disease.
Researchers at UCSF and the Allen Institute have created one of the most detailed mouse brain maps. Their AI model, CellTransformer, identified over 1,300 brain regions and subregions, including previously uncharted areas. The findings were published in Nature Communications.
CellTransformer utilises spatial transcriptomics to define brain regions based on shared cellular patterns, rather than relying on expert annotation. Drawing city borders from building types reveals finer brain structures. This data-driven method provides unprecedented precision.
The model replicated known regions, such as the hippocampus, and revealed previously unknown subdivisions in the midbrain reticular nucleus. Researchers compared the leap from mapping continents to mapping states and cities. The tool provides a foundation for more targeted neuroscience studies.
Validation against the Allen Institute’s Common Coordinate Framework strongly aligned with expert-defined anatomy. The results gave researchers confidence in the biological relevance of the new subregions. Further studies will investigate their functions.
The model’s potential goes beyond neuroscience. Its methods can map other tissues, including cancers, by analysing large spatial transcriptomics datasets. However, this could support new medical research, helping uncover disease mechanisms and accelerate treatment development.
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