ILO warns lifelong learning is critical for the future AI economy

The International Labour Organization has warned that governments must place lifelong learning at the centre of economic and social policy as AI, digitalisation and demographic shifts continue transforming labour markets worldwide. The organisation said stronger and more inclusive learning systems are necessary to prevent widening inequality between workers, industries and countries.

According to the ILO’s new report, titled ‘Lifelong learning and skills for the future’, only 16% of people aged between 15 and 64 participated in structured training during the previous year. Access remains significantly higher among full-time employees in formal companies, where employer-supported training reaches 51%.

The ILO report warns that workers in informal jobs and smaller enterprises continue relying mainly on learning through experience instead of structured education programmes. Furthermore, the study found that employers increasingly seek combinations of digital, socio-emotional, communication and problem-solving skills rather than narrow technical expertise alone.

While demand for AI-related capabilities is expected to increase, the report noted that most workers currently use ready-made AI tools that require broader digital literacy, critical thinking and collaborative abilities instead of specialist engineering knowledge.

The ILO also highlighted the growing importance of green and care economy skills. It estimates that 32% of workers globally already perform environmentally relevant tasks, while demand for long-term care workers could almost double by 2050.

The organisation called for greater public investment, stronger institutional coordination and inclusive lifelong learning strategies capable of supporting workers throughout rapidly changing technological and economic transitions.

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