International Red Cross adopts resolution to shield civilians from harmful cyber activities in armed conflicts

The 34th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent has adopted a new resolution to protect civilians and essential infrastructure from the potential risks posed by ICT activities during armed conflict. Recognising the increased likelihood of information and communication technologies (ICTs) being used in future conflicts, the resolution addresses the need to safeguard civilian lives and critical systems from the unintended human costs of these operations.

The resolution highlights concerns over the malicious use of ICT capabilities by parties in conflict, noting that such activities could impact protected persons and objects, including essential infrastructure like power, water, and healthcare systems. It underscores that these civilian objects are crucial for survival and should remain unaffected during hostilities. The resolution further emphasises the importance of preventing these activities from crossing international borders, which could inadvertently impact civilians in other regions.

Acknowledging the limited resources and capacities of some states and humanitarian organisations, the resolution also draws attention to the vulnerability this may create. Without adequate defences, states and components of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement could face greater risks from cyber incursions during the conflict.

Another focus of the resolution is the potential for civilians to become involved in cyber activities related to conflict, either by conducting or supporting operations. It points to the need for greater awareness of the risks and legal implications, as civilians may need to fully understand the consequences of their involvement in ICT-related activities in conflict situations.

The resolution also calls for further study and dialogue on how international humanitarian law (IHL) applies to ICT activities in warfare. It acknowledges that while IHL traditionally protects civilians and critical infrastructure during conflict, the unique characteristics of cyberspace may require additional interpretation and understanding.

By adopting this resolution, the Red Cross aims to ensure that, as the nature of conflict changes, a strong international framework remains to protect civilians and essential infrastructure from the emerging threats posed by cyber activities in armed conflict.