Quantum leap: The future of computing

If AI was the buzzword for 2023 and 2024, quantum computing looks set to claim the spotlight in the years ahead. Despite growing interest, much remains unknown about this transformative technology, even as leading companies explore its immense potential.

Quantum computing and AI stand as two revolutionary technologies, each with distinct principles and goals. Quantum systems operate on the principles of quantum mechanics, using qubits capable of existing in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition. Such systems can address problems far beyond the reach of classical computers, including molecular simulations for medical research and complex optimisation challenges.

AI and quantum computing intersect in areas like machine learning, though AI still depends on classical computing infrastructure. Significant hurdles remain for quantum technology, including qubit errors and scalability. The extreme sensitivity of qubits to external factors, such as vibrations and temperature, complicates their control.

Experts suggest quantum computers could become practical within 10 to 20 years. Classical computers are unlikely to be replaced, as quantum systems will primarily focus on solving tasks beyond classical capabilities. Leading companies are working to shorten development timelines, with advancements poised to transform the way technology is utilised.

Huge investments in quantum computing

Investments in quantum computing have reached record levels, with start-ups raising $1.5 billion across 50 funding rounds in 2024. Figure like this one nearly doubles the $785 million raised the previous year, setting a new benchmark. The growth in AI is partly driving these investments, as quantum computing promises to handle AI’s significant computational demands more efficiently.

Quantum computing offers unmatched speed and energy efficiency, with some estimates suggesting energy use could be reduced by up to 100 times compared to traditional supercomputers. As the demand for faster, more sustainable computing grows, quantum technologies are emerging as a key solution.

Microsoft and Atom Computing announce breakthrough

In November 2024, Microsoft and Atom Computing achieved a milestone in quantum computing. Their system linked 24 logical qubits using just 80 physical qubits, setting a record in efficiency. This advancement could transform industries like blockchain and cryptography by enabling faster problem-solving and enhancing security protocols.

Despite the challenges of implementing such systems, both companies are aiming to release a 1,000-qubit quantum computer by 2025. The development could accelerate the adoption of quantum technologies across various sectors, paving the way for breakthroughs in areas such as machine learning and materials science.

Overcoming traditional computing’s limitations

Start-ups like BlueQubit are transforming quantum computing into a practical tool for industries. The San Francisco-based company has raised $10 million to launch its Quantum-Software-as-a-Service platform, enabling businesses to use quantum processors and emulators that perform tasks up to 100 times faster than conventional systems.

Industries such as finance and pharmaceuticals are already leveraging quantum optimisation. Specialised algorithms are addressing challenges like financial modelling and drug discovery, showcasing quantum computing’s potential to surpass traditional systems in tackling complex problems.

Google among giants pushing quantum computing

Google has recently introduced its cutting-edge quantum chip, Willow, capable of solving a computational problem in just five minutes. Traditional supercomputers would require approximately 10 septillion years for the same task.

The achievement has sparked discussions about quantum computing’s link to multiverse theories. Hartmut Neven, head of Google’s Quantum AI team, suggested the performance might hint at parallel universes influencing quantum calculations. Willow’s success marks significant advancements in cryptography, material science, and artificial intelligence.

Commercialisation is already underway

Global collaborations are fast-tracking quantum technology’s commercialisation. SDT, a Korean firm, and Finnish start-up SemiQon have signed an agreement to integrate SemiQon’s silicon-based quantum processing units into SDT’s precision measurement systems.

SemiQon’s processors, designed to work with existing semiconductor infrastructure, lower production costs and enhance scalability. These partnerships pave the way for more stable and cost-effective quantum systems, bringing their use closer to mainstream industries.

Quantum technologies aiding mobile networks

Telefonica Germany and AWS are exploring quantum applications in mobile networks. Their pilot project aims to optimise mobile tower placement, improve network security with quantum encryption, and prepare for future 6G networks.

Telefonica’s migration of millions of 5G users to AWS cloud infrastructure demonstrates how combining quantum and cloud technologies can enhance network efficiency. The project highlights the growing impact of quantum computing on telecommunications.

Addressing emerging risks

Chinese researchers at Shanghai University have exposed the potential threats quantum computing poses to existing encryption standards. Using a D-Wave quantum computer, they breached algorithms critical to modern cryptographic systems, including AES-256, commonly used for securing cryptocurrency wallets.

Although current quantum hardware faces environmental and technical limitations, researchers stress the urgent need for quantum-resistant cryptography. New encryption methods are essential to safeguard digital systems against future quantum-based vulnerabilities.

Quantum computing promises revolutionary capabilities but must overcome significant challenges in scaling and stability. Its progress depends on interdisciplinary collaboration in physics, engineering, and economics. While AI thrives on rapid commercial investment, quantum technology requires long-term support to fulfil its transformative potential.