The National AI Policy of Rwanda

April 2022

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Author: Ministry of ICT and Innovation

The National AI Policy

To leverage AI to power economic growth, improve quality of life and position Rwanda as a global innovator for responsible and inclusive AI

List of Abbreviations

AI
GIZ
MINECOFIN
MINEDUC
MINICOM
MINICT
MININFRA
ML
MOOC
MOH
NAIO
NCSA
NISR
OECD
RAIO
RDB
RISA
RURA
TFS
UNEP
UNESCO

Artificial Intelligence
German Corporation for International Cooperation GmbH
Ministry of Public Service and Labour
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Trade and Industry
Ministry of Information, Communication Technology and Innovation
Ministry of Infrastructure
Machine Learning
Massive Open Online Course
Ministry of Health
National AI Oce Singapore
National Cybersecurity Agency
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Responsible AI Oce
Rwanda Development Board
Rwanda Information Society Authority
Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority
The Future Society
UN Environment Programme
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Contents

Executive Summary

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to dramatically improve lives and livelihoods across the Republic of Rwanda, as well as make remarkable progress towards achievement of national development and economic objectives and sustainable development goals. However, while the development and economic opportunities of AI are huge, they are inextricably connected with risks which require ethical principles and precautions.

The National Artificial Intelligence Policy for the Republic of Rwanda serves as a roadmap to enable Rwanda to harness the benefits of AI and mitigate its risks. Building on the mission of the Vision 2050, Smart Rwanda Master Plan and other key national plans and policies, it equips Rwanda to harness AI for sustainable and inclusive growth. By mobilizing local, regional, and international stakeholders, it positions Rwanda to become a leading African Innovation Hub and Africa’s Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence.

The National AI Policy has been developed by MINICT and RURA, with support by GIZ FAIR Forward, the Centre for the 4th Industrial Revolution Rwanda (C4IR) and The Future Society (TFS). The National AI Policy, which promotes and fosters Rwanda’s inclusive and sustainable socio-economic transformation, is oriented around the following vision and mission statements.

Vision

To become a global center for AI research and innovation

Mission

To leverage AI to power economic growth, improve quality of life and position Rwanda as a global innovator for responsible and inclusive AI

National Objectives

The Rwanda AI policy aims to achieve the following national objectives:

Positioning Rwanda as Africa’s AI Lab and Responsible AI Champion
Building 21st Century Skills and AI Literacy
Creating an Open, Secure, Trusted Data Ecosystem as an Enabler of the AI Revolution • Driving Public Sector Transformation to Fuel AI Adoption
Accelerating Responsible AI Adoption in the Private Sector

The Diagnostic Assessment of Rwanda’s AI Ecosystem identifies important opportunities and constraints that enable or mitigate AI adoption. It identifies the areas requiring policy interventions to accelerate, enable and scale Rwanda’s AI ecosystem. As such, it serves as the foundational knowledge base for policy recommendations to harness Rwanda’s strengths, overcome its weaknesses and threats, and ultimately take advantage of important opportunities for a vibrant AI ecosystem.

Six priority policy areas have been identified to accelerate the responsible development and deployment of AI across the nation. Each of the priority areas is organized as Enablers, Accelerators or Safeguards as depicted in the image below.

Key Policy Recommendations

1. Commit to reskilling the workforce with 21st Century AI and data skills.

Globally, emerging technologies starting with AI are transforming and reshaping our societies and labor markets. Rwanda’s workforce needs to be equipped with the skills to flourish in this transition and remain competitive in the regional and global landscape. The Government will invest in and develop a National Skills Building Program prioritizing AI and data skills combined with a Young Professionals/Apprenticeship Program to develop AI talent and career opportunities in the knowledge economy.

2. Set the foundations for world-class AI university education and applied research.

Investment in talent is a key stepping stone for an AI economy. Through the policy, the Government in partnership with the private sector will establish a Public-Private funded program for AI skills building at the university level with research fellowships, PhDs and Masters degrees, and long-term public-sector funding to universities to build capacity in AI education and research by attracting researchers and partnering with global universities.

3. Adapt Rwanda’s education to ensure the young learners are empowered with globally competitive STEM skills.

An AI economy requires long-term investment in human capital beginning at the primary education level. Rwanda’s school curricula shall adapt for the age of AI, data and digital technologies, with the Government investing in and creating a Teacher Corps to provide the support and training to young learners in AI and data-related subjects.

4. Streamline the exchange of students and professionals between Rwanda and foreign countries.

Building on the strategy to become a regional hub on the African continent, Rwanda has the opportunity to become a leader in AI education and research by attracting and retaining talent from across Africa and around the world.

5. Ensure access to aordable, reliable and secure high performance storage and compute capacity.

Strong compute power is necessary to train AI models on large data sets. Today, access to compute to drive AI adoption is a challenge for start-ups and industry. We need to provide mechanisms to enable access to international and world-class cloud computing services which oer competitive performance and cost for Rwandan companies and the research community, in order to facilitate and fast track AI adoption.

6. Position Rwanda as a host for cloud infrastructure with AI-ready storage and compute capacity serving the region and the continent.

Digital infrastructure is essential for the growth and penetration of regional integration. By investing in critical infrastructure and partnering with global players while also building the local skills required to manage and maintain the infrastructure, Rwanda has the opportunity to develop a national cloud infrastructure and techno-industrial base, and increase Rwanda’s regional competitiveness.

7. Create pathways to greater availability and accessibility of AI-ready data.

Data is the energy that will fuel Rwanda as Africa’s AI Hub, but today there is a lack of digitized data and most data from the public and private sector remain inaccessible. The Government will set up a multi-sectoral task force to develop data governance frameworks and protocols with standards for sharing data ethically, responsibly and securely and provide guidance for the public sector to migrate data to digital format and improve AI-readiness of public data.

8. Strengthen AI policy and regulation and ensure public trust in AI.

Trust is critical to public confidence and acceptance of AI. By strengthening the capacity of regulatory authorities to understand and regulate AI aligned with emerging global standards and best practices, we will build transparency and trust with the public.

9. Collaborate in measuring international AI development and Rwanda’s global competitiveness.

International collaboration is essential to drive sustainable development in AI. The Government will establish international partnerships, building upon international AI readiness indexes and benchmark Rwanda’s AI competitiveness and capacity in an annual ‘AI Readiness Index’ in order to help drive development of AI in Rwanda and spur local, regional, continental and global investment in AI foundations.

10. Improve public service delivery using AI.

AI has the potential to improve performance and efficiency of public services, but few ministries and public sector agencies are currently harnessing it. We will invest in raising awareness of the benefits through piloting, demonstrations and building capacity to implement and manage AI projects, delivering improved public services. Using policy tools, the Government will engage local AI solution providers through innovation-friendly procurement processes, organize training sessions, invest in hackathons, prizes and challenges to open opportunities for responsible AI applications in the public sector, and establish a risk sharing fund to support R&D in the public sector.

11. Support private sector adoption and prioritization of AI in order to drive robust investments in AI at a national level.

The private sector is a critical partner in driving penetration and adoption of AI within the wider economy, yet companies may perceive adopting new technologies as challenging and risky and may lack the internal capacity and resources required. In order to demystify AI, we will identify a portfolio of high potential AI use cases and projects aligned with the national agenda that can inform investment prioritization for the private and public sectors. We will also facilitate AI adoption through AI meet-ups and demonstrations to raise AI and data literacy. AI is of national and critical importance and hence we will raise the profile of AI at a national level through the establishment of a Presidential Council on AI composed of AI academic and industry leaders to provide advice to the government and private sector.

12. Boost Rwanda’s emerging AI ecosystem.

A key challenge for the start-up community is access to business resources and financing. We will facilitate collaboration among the start-up, industry and research communities in a ‘Rwanda AI Program’ to jointly develop AI innovations and solutions for industry and government challenges, in order to bring together the much-needed resources to catalyze the AI ecosystem. The Government will also support the financing by building upon the Seed Investment Fund to co-invest alongside specialist funds to invest in AI companies.

13. Operationalize and share Rwanda’s AI ethical guidelines.

Ethical and safety precautions are required to ensure that AI solutions benefit citizens and do not cause harm. The Government will promote Rwanda’s ‘Guidelines on the Ethical Development and Implementation of AI’ throughout the AI community, led by RURA. Launch an annual participatory consultation forum to update the guidelines and create a network of AI Ethics Officers across government institutions to champion them.

14. Actively contribute to shaping responsible AI principles & practices in international platforms.

Global AI policymaking has already begun, and Rwanda will seek to participate in the global fora on AI, sharing Rwandan perspectives and interests and learning from international practices. Join platforms shaping the responsible adoption of AI regionally and globally (e.g. OECD, UNESCO, ITU, GPAI, World Bank, UNDP, GIZ, PDPC, Smart Africa, African Union, WEF/GAIA).

The framework includes a sectoral deep-dive focusing on accelerating responsible AI adoption in identified key sectors for Rwanda:

These sectors were identified through the consultation process as flagship sectors where AI adoption can result in high rewards. Each sector is articulated with a description of the maturity of AI adoption in the sector, key actors, opportunities, challenges and key recommendations. Although AI generates many opportunities and great potential to promote development, there are significant risks with many of its applications. Hence, the National AI Policy also includes ethical considerations to capture the opportunities for economic development and mitigate the risks of AI. Rwanda’s Guidelines on the Ethical Development and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence, developed by RURA address the range of risks in the AI system lifecycle and considerations for responsible and trustworthy adoption of AI in Rwanda.

Highlights

6 policy areas for AI adoption with 14 key policy recommendations to accelerate responsible adoption of AI across Rwanda
Tailored Guidelines on the Ethical Development and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence, published by Ministry of ICT and Innovation and RURA
Practical Implementation Plan for each policy area, including outcomes, outputs,
output indicators, activities, responsible actors, budget, and timeframe
Proposal to establish a Responsible AI Oce within MINICT to lead implementation, champion responsible AI inside Rwanda and advocate Rwanda perspectives in regional and global fora
Robust collective intelligence process, engaging over 120 participants in 8 workshops, 8 stakeholder surveys, and multi-stakeholder interviews
In-depth diagnostic assessment of Rwanda’s AI Ecosystem

The National AI Policy includes the recommendation to establish a Responsible AI Office (RAI Office) during the first year of this policy, housed within MINICT. The RAI Office will have the coordinating responsibility of driving the AI policy Implementation Plan. The RAI Office is to be given the mandate to implement the National AI Policy by coordinating stakeholders across institutions and championing the responsible development and deployment of AI across the Rwandan public and private sectors. Beyond domestic engagement, the RAI Office can actively participate in global AI governance and policy fora such as the OECD AI Policy Observatory, ITU, UNESCO, and Global Partnership on AI (GPAI). Besides, the RAI Office or RAIO will be tasked with the monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the policy, the integration of the implementation plan in regional-level policies and actors, as well as with leading communications around the National AI Policy. Rwanda has a momentous opportunity to leverage advancements in AI to achieve national objectives outlined in Vision 2050. By launching the Responsible AI Office, coordinating key actors and driving action, MINICT accelerates AI adoption in Rwanda to achieve objectives linked to sustainable and inclusive development and capacity building in Rwanda.

Implementation Plan Summary

The following implementation plan is a summary of the detailed implementation plan in the National Artificial Intelligence Policy for the Republic of Rwanda. It only contains summarized activity descriptions, primary indicators and responsible lead institutions. Please read the policy document for full information on activities, indicators and stakeholders.

Priority Area 1: 21st Century Skills & High AI Literacy

Output: A highly skilled workforce with 21st Century Skills and AI literacy

Indicator: Number of professionals trained in data and AI-related skills

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible^{(Lead Institution)}
1	Conduct a skills gap assessment	o					MINEDUC
2	Establish a Professional Training Program		o				MINICT/ RDB Skills Office
3	Conduct analysis of existing tax and non tax incentives for upskilling/reskilling employees & benchmark tax relief and grant programs		o				RAIO
4	Implement a Tax Relief and Grants program for employers to upskill and reskill their employees						RAIO
5	Roll out an annual centralized agenda of Al-related meet-ups	o	o	o	o	o	RAIO
6	Establish and develop a framework for an industry-led Apprenticeship program			o	o	o	PSF

Output: A solid foundation in AI university education and applied research driving the national AI skills base

Indicator

Number of PhD/Masters/Bachelors students graduating from AI and data science courses annually
Number of collaboration programs between Rwandan and foreign universities (platforms/MOOCS, exchange programs, satellite campuses)
Number of citations in AI papers

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible^(Lead^Institution)
7	Establish a public-private fund program for student placement into industry-led Al-relevant Masters and PhD programs in global universities, and/or fellowships with global Al companies	o					NCST
8	Set up a coordination effort to help Rwandan universities identify foreign universities/research institutes to can collaborate with		o				MINEDUC
9	Set up a Program Office/function to help Rwandan universities identify existing in-class courses to scale and national/ regional MOOCs to disseminate			o			MINEDUC
10	Under the National Skills Building Program, invite Eols from local, regional/globaluniversities and training providers to introduce bridge courses in Al in non-computer science or data science domains			o	o		RDB
11	Establish taskforce led by MINEDUC and main universities to work out plan to integrate AI & Data Science courses in undergraduate currica	o	o				MINEDUC

Output: A solid foundation in AI university education and applied research driving the national AI skills base

Indicator

Number of PhD/Masters/Bachelors students graduating from AI and data science courses annually
Number of collaboration programs between Rwandan and foreign universities (platforms/MOOCS, exchange programs, satellite campuses)
Number of citations in AI papers

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible(Lead Institution)
12	Develop modules to be integrated into relevant subjects in national curriculum focused on building Al/ML and data related skills	o					MINEDUC
13	Establish Train-the-Trainer Program in Al skills to train new or upskill IT / science teachers as well as non-IT and science teachers		o				MINEDUC
14	Align national curriculum at primary school and secondary school levels with the ’21st century curriculum’, integrating the developed Al/ML/data modules		o	o	o		MINEDUC
15	Establish National Tech Labs Program to create and staff tech labs in schools		o	o	o		MINEDUC

Output: Streamlined exchange of students and professionals between Rwanda and foreign countries

Indicator:

Number of international students enrolled in university programs offering AI related courses
Number of international students and researchers working on Rwanda-based AI research projects
Skills export: Number of Rwanda-trained AI professionals going to work elsewhere (Rwandan nationals and otherwise, remotely from Rwanda or physically abroad)

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible(Lead Institution)
16	Create special Visa framework that targets highly skilled / expectional talent and develop classification and rating system to identify and assess skills related to Al	o					IMMIGRATION
17	Establish talent matching workforce and platform that connects Rwanda-based Al professionals to jobs across the continent	o	o	o			RDB SKILLS
18	Establish dedicated strategy to attract regional students, coordinating across Rwandan universities offering Al-related degrees			o			MINEDUC
19	Streamline the process for highly-skilled students to apply to stay in Rwanda after finishing their degrees and reduce hurdles in hiring international researchers		o	o			IMMIGRATION
20	Conduct networking events and meetups for Rwanda private and public sector employees and highly skilled students and professionals abroad		o	o			RAIO
21	Conduct a public awareness campaign on AI to create a general understanding of AI as well as its benefits and risks in the general public. This can include events, radio broadcasting, among others.	o	o	o	o	o	MINICT

Output: General public in Rwanda has general understanding of AI

Indicator: Number of people reached through awareness raising campaign

Priority Area 2: Reliable infrastructure and compute capacity

Output: Access to affordable, reliable, and secure scalable storage and high-performance compute capability/infrastructure
Indicator: Percentage (%) change in cost of cloud resources over time in RWF

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible(Lead Institution)
22	Register local and foreign cloud service providers under the supervisory authority (NCSA) as required by law (DPP)	o					NCSA
23	Conduct a landscape analysis of the current compute and digital infrastructure to determine opportunity, and identify priority areas for improvement	o					RISA
24	Publish guidance targeted towards industry and users on how existing privacy legislation fits with cloud computing	o					RISA
25	Promote dialogue among stakeholders in tertiary education to identify measures for ensuring that graduates have the necessary skill sets in cloud computing	o					RISA
26	Conduct a national cloud readiness survey to inform a cloud strategy	o					RISA
27	Conduct a compliance audit of registered and authorized local and foreign cloud service providers to ensure compliance with regulation, certification and standards		o				NCSA
28	Upgrade and implement infrastructure based on landscape analysis in Year 1 and cloud first strategy		o				RISA
29	Conceptualize and publish a government cloud first (with a secure hybrid multi-cloud service offering) strategy and adoption roadmap		o				MINICT
30	Enforce the Data Protection & Privacy law	o	o	o			NCSA
31	Prepare revised ICT procurement guidelines and contract management practices for Cloud services and products			o			RISA

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible(Lead Institution)
32	Analyse, benchmark and recommend suitable incentives and tax breaks to private sector both within and outside the ICT sector to fund some of the cloud computing (storage and compute) projects		o				RAIO
33	Implement applicable incentives based on special incentive packages, recommended incentives, and tax breaks to private sector both within and outside the ICT sector to fund some of the cloud computing (storage and compute) providers			o			MINECOFIN

Output: A continental hub that provides affordable, reliable and secure AI cloud infrastructure
Indicator: A blueprint for establishment of a continental AI ready hyperscale data center in Rwanda

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible(Lead Institution)
34	Conduct a feasibility study on the creation of a continental AI Hub in Rwanda	o					RDB/RISA
35	Develop a high-level understanding of investment drivers in hyperscale data centersand undertake a gap and economic analysis	o					RDB
36	Identify any skills gaps required for data centers and develop strategies to address any identified needs	o					RDB/RISA
37	Acquire/allocate strategic areas/land for data centres and/or data center-related companies, as outlined in economic study in year 1		o				RDB
38	Develop roadmap and plan of action for establishment of a continental hyperscale data center	o	o	o			RISA
39	Upgrade Rwanda’s internet throughput to ensure low latency, low packet loss, and high overall network quality		o	o	o	o	RURA

Priority Area 3: Robust data strategy

Output: Increased availability and access to quality data for training AI models
Indicator:

Size (bytes) of open AI-ready data available to the research and innovation community
Number of times the open datasets are accessed or downloaded over time

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible(Lead Institution)
40	Set up a joint public-private and multi-sectoral taskforce to develop frameworks and protocols for data sharing	o					MINICT/C4IR
41	Develop a plan to establish local data value-chains starting with simpler value-adding activities (e…g, data annotation or labelling)		o				MINICT/C4IR
42	Establish a multi-year program under MINICT with the objective to improve Al-readiness of relevant public data sets	o					MINICT
43	Develop procurement guidelines incentivizing data sharing & access for public projects including ICT/data/Al components e.g future telecom licenses, data centers, etc.)		o				C4IR
44	Conduct a feasibility study for the implementation of data sharing platform/infrastructure for Rwanda		o				C4IR
45	Organize workshops and training sessions with senior management of public departments ; and private companies to highlight benefits of sharing data, impact on their organizations, business models, in order to encourage sharing	o	o	o			MINICT/C4IR/NCSA
46	Conduct capacity building session to support implementation of data sharing frameworks for public and private sector stakeholders	o	o	o			MINICT/C4IR/NCSA

Priority Area 4: Trustworthy AI adoption in the public sector

Output: AI policy and regulatory capacity building program established in Rwanda, aligned with emerging global standards and policy/regulation best practices.
Indicator: Number of trained civil servants (prioritizing regulators, policymakers, legislators)

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible^(Lead^Institution)
47	Establish a policy & regulatory capacity building program	o					MINICT
48	Conduct a series of workshops with ministries and agencies responsible for the implementation of the AI policy to raise awareness on the goals and objectives as well as responsibilities for policy implementation	o					MINICT

Output: Rwanda recognized as a African/global leader in AI
Indicator: Rwanda’s position in a globally renowned AI Readiness/Maturity Index

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible^(Lead^Institution)
49	Develop of an annual ‘AI Readiness Index and Maturity Assessment Framework	o					C4IR
50	Subscribe to a global Al Maturity Index (e.g., OECD, Stanford HAI, Tortoise Media)		o				MINICT

Output: Improved public service delivery through the deployment of Al in public services and government departments
Indicator: Number of Al solutions adopted in government/public value chains (across sectors)

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible^(Lead^Institution)
49	Develop a capacity building program on the use of Al in public sector	o					RISA
50	Develop procurement guidelines of Al solutions in the public sector	o	o				RPPA/MINICT/C4IR
51	Organize trainings for public procurement departments on using the procurement guidelines to evaluate Al tools and solutions	o					RPPA/RISA
52	Organize Al & Data hackathons, prizes and challenges targeted at the public sector		o				MINICT/C4IR
53	Establish a shared risk fund for Al development projects in ministries and agencies, providing budget support for R&D		o	o	o		MINICT/C4IR
54	Conduct a feasibility study on establishing a shared risk fund for AI development and research projects in government institutions	o					MINICT

Priority Area 5: Widely beneficial AI adoption in the private sector

Output: Robust investment in targeted AI projects creating social & economic impact, new growth opportunities for private sector and catalyzing investment into AI
Indicator: Number of AI solutions deployed in the Rwandan market

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible^(Lead^Institution)
55	Organize workshops with global industry experts and live demonstrations to showcase benefits of AI to private sector stakeholders	o	o	o			C4IR (RAIO)
56	Conduct a market study to forecast the economic impact potential for AI in Rwanda, and associated applications of AI to drive that impact”	o					MINICT/C4IR
57	Set Up a taskforce to research and identify a portfolio of 5 National AI Projects with ability to deliver strong social and/ or economic impact for Rwanda, leveraging findings from the economic impact potential study	o					MINICT/C4IR
58	Develop proof-of-concept (PoC) for the 5 National Al projects identified by the task force	o					MINICT/C4IR
59	Develop sector specific industry Al deployment plans providing step-by-step guide on Al digital solutions to adopt at each stage on company’s growth		o	o	o		C4IR
60	organize functional and technical specification workshops with private sector, public sector and academia to create awareness of the 5 National Al projects		o	o			MINICT/C4IR

Output: A strong ecosystem with local industry collaboration providing support to AI start-ups with finance and business resources
Indicator: Value of AI related venture capital investments

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible^(Lead^Institution)
61	Establish a Technical Assistance Facility to support industry-led incubators focused on AI startups	o	o				MINICT/ICT CHAMBER
62	Conduct feasibility study on establishing co-investment fund to invest alongside Angel and VC funds focused on AI startups	o					C4IR
63	Establish co-investment Fund to invest alongside Angel and VC funds focused on Al startups		o	o			MINICT
64	Establish a Rwanda Al program bringing together Rwandan industry, researchers and technology companies to jointly develop Innovative solutions for both public and private sector		o				C4IR
65	Set up industry peer ICT CHAMBER/MINICT/C4IR review program to accredit promising innovative tech companies in AI		o				ICT CHAMBER/ MINICT/C4IR
66	Establish a sandbox match-making platform in partnership with industry		o	o			RAIO/MINICT

Priority Area 6: Practical AI ethics guidelines

Output: Widely discussed & operationalized ‘Guidelines on the Ethical Development and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence’

Indicator:

Number of companies using published ethical guidelines to evaluate AI products
Number of government institutions using ethical published ethical guidelines

_No	Activity	FY23/24	FY24/25	FY25/26	FY26/27	FY27/28	Responsible^(Lead^Institution)
67	Promote and advertise Rwanda’s ‘Guidelines on the Ethical Development and Implementation of Artificial	o					MINICT/RURA
68	“Organise a forum of regulators of AI-relevant sectors to discuss the development of sector-specific AI ethics guidelines aligned with the general guidelines	o					MINICT/RURA
69	Add “Al Ethics” functions to the mandates/responsibilities of Chief Digital Office” departments of ministries and government agencies		o				MINICT
70	Initiate regulatory sandbox projects on Al to provide controlled testing environment to develop or evaluate innovative Al solutions in line with the guidelines		o				RURA
71	Launch an annual participatory industry & society consultation forum to better understand how stakeholders use the guidelines and any opertional challenges	o	o				MINICT/RURA
72	Update and release new versions of the guidelines (once every 3 years) to reflect input from the consultation forum, government priorities, and latest trends in Al development and deployment			o			MINICT/RURA

Output: Rwanda actively contributing to the shaping and operationalizing of responsible Al principles & practices in relevant international and regional platforms.