Costa Rica’s national telecommunications development plan (PNDT) 2022–2027

The National Telecommunications Development Plan (PNDT) 2022–2027, published in 2022 by the Ministry of Science, Innovation, Technology and Telecommunications (MICITT), is Costa Rica’s third telecommunications policy framework. It is designed as a six-year roadmap under the motto ‘Towards Inclusive Digital Disruption‘. The plan reflects the government’s recognition of telecommunications as a driver of social, economic, and educational opportunities and as a foundation for competitiveness in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.

Purpose and vision

The PNDT aims to reduce Costa Rica’s digital divide and ensure that access to modern communications reaches all citizens, especially those in rural and coastal regions that remain underserved. It places emphasis on telecommunications as a public good that must contribute to inclusive development, while also strengthening Costa Rica’s position in the global digital economy. The plan also aligns with international commitments, particularly the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs), and incorporates national strategies such as the National Cybersecurity Strategy, the National Knowledge-based Society and Economy Policy 2022–2050, and open government and gender equality initiatives.

National goals (to be achieved by 2027)

1. Expand and improve fixed and mobile internet connectivity in every planning region of the country.
2. Increase investment in the telecommunications sector as a percentage of Costa Rica’s GDP.
3. Improve the digital skills of the population, enabling citizens of all ages to use ICTs safely, responsibly, and productively.

Strategic areas

To meet these goals, the PNDT defines three core strategic areas:

• Significant Connectivity for Well-being: Expanding high-quality internet coverage nationwide, with special funding from FONATEL to reach rural and disadvantaged populations. Solutions include greater use of fibre optics in urban areas and satellite connectivity in remote regions.
• Radio Spectrum for Competitiveness: Managing the radio spectrum efficiently to maximise national benefits, enabling 5G and internet of things (IoT) services, and fostering innovation for economic growth.
• Digital Skills for Development: Strengthening digital literacy and advanced skills. The plan targets children, youth, adults, and the elderly to ensure everyone can fully participate in the digital economy, while also preparing the workforce in areas like AI and emerging technologies.

Governance and implementation

The PNDT establishes a collective governance model, coordinated by MICITT through the Vice-Ministry of Telecommunications. Implementation involves public institutions, the private sector, academia, civil society, and international organisations. Each national goal is linked to action plans with measurable indicators, timelines, and accountability mechanisms.

The plan also includes a monitoring and evaluation system to track progress and allow modifications when needed. Transparency and public participation were central during the design process, with two rounds of public consultations receiving hundreds of comments from citizens, NGOs, companies, and government bodies