Charting an inclusive path for digitalisation and a green transition for all
Table of contents
Disclaimer: It should be noted that the reporting, analysis and chatbot answers are generated automatically by DiploGPT from the official UN transcripts and, in case of just-in-time reporting, the audiovisual recordings on UN Web TV. The accuracy and completeness of the resources and results can therefore not be guaranteed.
Knowledge Graph of Debate
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Audience
The discussion covered several key topics related to technology transition and its impact on climate change, government regulation, digital solutions, and environmental sustainability.
One audience member expressed concern about the slow adoption of technological standards and its potential impact on global warming. They highlighted that it took 15 years to agree on the USB-C standard, underscoring the need for a faster adoption process to effectively address climate change. This negative sentiment emphasizes the urgency of speeding up technological standardization to mitigate global warming.
Another speaker highlighted the effectiveness of government regulation in driving the adoption of tech standards. They gave the example of the European Union’s requirement for Apple to adopt the USB-C standard, illustrating how government intervention can play a crucial role in shaping industry practices. This positive argument suggests that government regulations can facilitate the implementation of technological standards and promote a more consistent and efficient transition to newer technologies.
The discussion also addressed the environmental costs associated with digital solutions. While digital technologies offer numerous benefits, it is important to acknowledge and mitigate their environmental impacts. The speakers emphasized the importance of a “twin transition” approach, which involves a balanced focus on both digitalization and environmental impact. This approach aims to mitigate the negative consequences of digital solutions and ensure sustainable practices. The sentiment here is neutral, recognizing the need for environmental consciousness while leveraging digital technologies.
Lastly, the speakers stressed the significance of minimizing environmental impact in developing countries undergoing digitalization. They acknowledged that developing nations are increasingly embracing digitalization, but environmental considerations should not be overlooked in this process. The audience agreed that measures should be taken to minimize the environmental impact of digitalization in these regions. This neutral standpoint highlights the importance of achieving a balance between technological advancement and sustainable practices.
Overall, the discussion provided valuable insights into the need for swift adoption of technological standards to address climate change, the role of government regulation in driving tech standardization, the environmental costs associated with digital solutions, and the importance of minimizing environmental impact during digitalization in developing countries. The arguments and evidence presented shed light on the complex relationship between technology transition and environmental sustainability.
Richard Niwenshuti
The analysis highlights the crucial role of digital tools in policy making and trade. It emphasizes that relying on the strength and capacities of digital tools is essential for making the right policy decisions. Digital tools provide policymakers with access to vast amounts of data, enabling them to analyze trends, assess impacts, and develop evidence-based strategies. This supports the argument for the usage of digital tools and data for policy decisions, which aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
In the context of trade, the analysis underscores the importance of speed. It states that in trade, time is cost. The faster the trade process, the more efficient and cost-effective it becomes. Digital tools enable businesses to streamline their operations, automate processes, and reduce time-consuming paperwork. This highlights the significance of speed in trade, which is crucial for achieving SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.
Furthermore, the analysis also emphasizes the alignment of digital trade with sustainable solutions. It highlights that digital trade minimizes the footprints of production. By digitizing trade processes, companies can reduce their reliance on physical resources, leading to lower carbon emissions and environmental impact. This supports the argument that digital trade can contribute to achieving SDG 13: Climate Action.
The analysis recognizes that different countries are at different levels of digital transition, including within Africa. It cites the example of Rwanda, which has made significant investments in digital infrastructure and serves as a pathway for other African countries. The argument is made that investments in digital transitions should be prioritized in Africa to avail the benefits of wider market opportunities and digital trade. There is a need for digital payments integration and digital skills development for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Africa. Additionally, there is a desire to integrate digital tools in production chains to boost productivity, supporting SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
In terms of trade, the analysis emphasizes the need to invest in technologies that optimize production before focusing on trade. It states that low production levels globally have attributed to the growth in food prices. Digitization can help optimize agricultural processes, leading to better pricing and increased food production, contributing to achieving SDG 2: Zero Hunger.
The analysis highlights that digital tools play a key role in trading high-value products in mature markets. It cites Rwanda’s efforts to target high-value markets that require digital precision. Digital tools help maintain the standards and criteria necessary for entering these mature markets, supporting SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
In terms of policy development, the analysis acknowledges the varying levels of transition and capabilities between countries. It suggests that negotiations on digital trade policy should take into account these differences to ensure that policies are suitable for countries at different stages of digital transition. This underlines the need for more policy instruments and support to facilitate the transition for countries that are lagging behind in digital trade, contributing to SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.
The analysis also recognizes the importance of combating e-waste and promoting responsible consumption and production. It highlights the implementation of state-of-the-art e-waste facilities in Rwanda, where electronic materials are renewed, and hazardous materials are safely handled. This showcases the commitment to responsible consumption and production practices, supporting SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.
Regarding climate control, the analysis states that multi-sector interventions are necessary. It mentions Rwanda’s goal of reducing carbon emissions by 38 percent by 2035 and its transition to electronic mobility. This highlights the need for collaboration, partnerships, and complementarity in achieving digital transition and climate resilience solutions, aligning with SDG 13: Climate Action and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.
In terms of trade standards, the analysis acknowledges that trade now relies on meeting certain voluntary metrics. This highlights the growing importance of standards in trade and the need for businesses to meet these metrics to ensure fair and sustainable trade practices, contributing to SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities.
Overall, the analysis highlights the significance of digital tools in policy making and trade, the need for investments in digital transitions, particularly in Africa, and the alignment of digital trade with sustainable solutions. It emphasizes the importance of considering different levels of transition and capabilities in digital trade policy negotiations. It also stresses the need for responsible consumption and production practices, multi-sector interventions for climate control, and adherence to trade standards in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Emma Sävenborg
The analysis highlights several key arguments related to trade policy and its impact on sustainability. One of the main arguments is the necessity for trade policy to be based on evidence and correct data. Emma, a senior advisor for digital trade and services at the National Board of Trade, emphasizes the importance of accurate and reliable data in making informed decisions about emissions and trade. Without the right data, it is impossible to fully understand the emissions being released and the potential environmental consequences of trade activities. Therefore, trade policy should rely on accurate data to address sustainability goals effectively.
Another key argument is the role of trade policy in achieving sustainable standards. Trade can encourage innovation and the spread of technical know-how, which are essential for driving sustainable development. By promoting trade, solutions to environmental challenges can be widely disseminated and implemented, leading to more impactful results. Lowering tariffs on environmental goods is also highlighted as a means to make these goods more accessible and encourage their use, promoting sustainability.
Balancing intellectual property (IP) rights and technology transfer is also crucial for achieving green transition. the right balance can facilitate the dissemination of green technologies, allowing for the successful adoption and implementation of sustainable practices. Trade agreements can leverage best practices and discourage environmentally harmful practices by including provisions that encourage sustainability and discourage harmful practices.
The analysis also emphasizes the need to expand digital trade negotiations and include more countries, particularly developing ones. Currently, many African countries have yet to negotiate their digital trade agreements due to limited bureaucratic capacity. Additionally, countries with smaller delegations face challenges in engaging in Joint Statement Initiatives due to demanding processes. By broadening the conversation and creating incentives for more countries to participate, especially developing ones, a more inclusive and comprehensive digital trade framework can be established.
Another important point raised in the analysis is the need to acknowledge and address different levels of readiness, priorities, and perspectives in digital trade. The perception of what digital trade entails depends on a country’s level of digital maturity. It is crucial to recognize that different countries may prioritize different issues in digital trade based on their specific circumstances and needs. By acknowledging and accommodating these differences, a more balanced and effective approach to digital trade can be achieved.
The analysis also underlines the importance of providing support and assistance to countries in participating in digital trade. Currently, only a small percentage of aid for trade funds are allocated to digital, which is deemed insufficient. To ensure that developing countries are not left behind in the digital trade sphere, specific capacity-supporting mechanisms need to be incorporated into all types of negotiations.
Furthermore, the analysis highlights the establishment of a green digital action track, with industry leaders discussing and working on an action plan to map out green standards. This signifies a commitment to implementing agreed-upon green standards within the digital trade sector. However, the analysis does not provide information on how policymakers can accelerate the implementation of these standards, leaving this question unanswered.
Finally, Emma Sävenborg’s perspective is notable in the analysis. She advocates for more inclusion of environmental issues in digital trade discussions and expresses a commitment to introducing more green elements into the sphere of digital trade in the longer term. Her insights highlight the need to consider environmental considerations in all aspects of trade, including digital trade, and work towards a more sustainable future.
In conclusion, the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the various arguments and perspectives related to trade policy and sustainability. It emphasizes the importance of basing trade policy on evidence and correct data, promoting sustainable standards through trade, and finding a balance between IP rights and technology transfer. The need for inclusive digital trade negotiations and support for developing countries in digital trade are also underscored. The establishment of a green digital action track and Emma Sävenborg’s commitment to environmental considerations in digital trade further contribute to the discussion. Overall, the analysis highlights the potential of trade policy to promote sustainability and the importance of incorporating environmental concerns into trade discussions and decision-making processes.
Robin Michelle Zuercher
The analysis of the given statements highlights several significant points related to the relationship between green and digital transformation, the importance of connectivity, the impact of the ICT industry, the role of standards, and the need for collaboration.
Firstly, there is a consensus among the speakers that green and digital transformation should work hand in hand. Digitalisation is seen as having key opportunities in climate, trade, and the circular economy. This implies that incorporating sustainable digital practices can contribute to achieving environmental goals and promoting economic growth simultaneously.
Connectivity is emphasised as a crucial factor for ensuring inclusivity in the digital age. It is stated that 2.6 billion people do not have access to the internet, and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is mandated to work towards achieving universal connectivity. This indicates that providing internet access to all communities, especially the most difficult to connect, is seen as essential for bridging the digital divide and reducing inequalities.
However, it is acknowledged that the growing ICT industry has negative implications. The sector’s greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise, and significant amounts of e-waste are being generated. Estimates suggest that e-waste could reach 110 million metric tons by 2050. The growing amount of e-waste and greenhouse gas emissions indicate that sustainable practices need to be implemented in the ICT industry to mitigate its environmental impact.
To address these challenges, speakers highlight the importance of moving towards a circular economy and adopting sustainable practices. The ITU is actively involved in developing guidelines and capacity building tools for green data centers, assisting developing countries with e-waste regulation, and working on international standards for circular design and digital product passports. These initiatives aim to promote a circular economy and reduce the environmental impact of ICT-related activities.
Collaboration and inclusivity are consistently emphasized as crucial for sustainable digital development. The ITU’s diverse membership is highlighted as an asset in ensuring inclusivity in the standard-setting process. The ITU is also leading a collaborative initiative for green digital action at COP28, demonstrating the commitment to fostering collaboration among stakeholders.
Standards play a crucial role in building transparent and equitable markets, as they provide a level playing field for all participants. Speakers point out that standards are behind common tasks such as making phone calls or listening to music, highlighting their pervasive influence. Regulators and policymakers are encouraged to incorporate standards when forming policies to enable sustainable and circular procurement of ICTs and influence supply chain formation.
The trade perspective is recognized as significant in the green and digital agenda. Speakers emphasize the need for collaboration between the trade community and the standardization process. This suggests that involving various communities, such as trade and environment, can enhance the process of standards development and ensure a holistic approach.
In conclusion, the analysis reveals the importance of integrating green and digital transformation, ensuring connectivity for inclusivity, addressing the negative impact of the ICT industry, promoting sustainable practices and a circular economy, fostering collaboration and inclusivity in the standardization process, and considering the trade perspective. These insights provide valuable considerations for policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders involved in the sustainable development of digital technologies.
Reina Otsuka
In this analysis, the speakers delve into the potential benefits and challenges of digital technology in addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable development. They highlight the idea that digital technology can allow countries to bypass outdated environmental management and traceability methods and take a giant leap forward. By embracing digital solutions, nations can revolutionize the way they manage their environment and ensure greater resilience in the face of challenges.
The speakers also emphasize that digital transformation has the power to revolutionise the socioeconomic system. With digitalisation, operations can become ten times faster, more efficient, and scalable. This can have a profound impact on economic growth and create opportunities for innovation and development. The potential for digital technology to drive socioeconomic progress is vast and can lead to significant advancements in various sectors.
Another key point highlighted in the analysis is the role of digital technology in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. For instance, smart agriculture and energy efficiency are examples of digital applications that can contribute to mitigating climate change. Real-time data obtained through digital technology is essential for early warning systems and risk-informed planning in adaptation strategies. By leveraging digital solutions, countries can enhance their efforts to combat climate change and build resilience in the face of its impacts.
However, the speakers caution that the green transition should not leave behind those who are most affected by climate change. While digital technologies bring numerous benefits, it is important to ensure inclusivity and consider the needs of marginalised communities. Many people, especially those in developing countries, still lack access to the internet, which hampers their ability to benefit from digital advancements. Therefore, the green transition should be integrated with the digital transition to ensure that all sectors of society can reap the benefits and address environmental challenges effectively.
Access to finance for green initiatives is another area where digital technology can play a significant role. Digital solutions can facilitate data-based trust in carbon markets and support payment for ecosystem service (PES) schemes. These schemes compensate custodians of ecosystems for their efforts in preserving the environment. By leveraging digital technology, countries can improve financial mechanisms and support the transition towards a greener economy.
The analysis also emphasises the importance of open data and data sharing policies to eliminate duplication of efforts. It highlights the need for a digital infrastructure that promotes innovative solutions and collaboration. By sharing data openly, companies and organisations can avoid unnecessary duplication of data collection efforts, improving efficiency and fostering innovation.
Additionally, the speakers stress the need to build digital technology as an ecosystem that involves various stakeholders such as governments, the private sector, academic partners, local communities, and even citizen science. For digital technology to be adopted successfully and sustainably, it needs to be a collaborative effort. They provide examples of successful engagements, such as the partnership between the Rwanda ICT Chamber of Commerce and a village community to develop business models for supporting a cold chain. This case study illustrates the concept of a digital ecosystem in practice and highlights the benefits of involving multiple stakeholders in the adoption of digital technology.
The analysis also touches upon several environmental issues associated with the digital transition. For instance, e-waste management and the environmental impact of server centres are significant concerns. The speakers suggest that these issues should be addressed to ensure a sustainable digital transition. Furthermore, the extraction of minerals for digital technology is deemed a hidden but significant issue that must be reckoned with in the pursuit of sustainable development.
When discussing national digital strategies, the speakers stress the importance of considering both environmental and social aspects. Safeguards related to these issues should be implemented from the inception of a digital strategy to ensure that it aligns with sustainable development principles. They cite the ongoing digital readiness assessment in Tanzania as an example of the need to consider environmental and social factors in digital strategies.
Lastly, the speakers acknowledge that addressing environmental and digital issues requires partnerships and a holistic approach. They advocate for various ministries, such as trade, environment, and digital, to work together and collaborate on solutions. The Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability is highlighted as a platform that aims to foster such partnerships and encourage diverse discussions on these critical topics.
In conclusion, the speakers in this analysis shed light on the potential benefits and challenges of digital technology in addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable development. They highlight the need to integrate digital and green transitions, ensure inclusivity, manage e-waste and server centre emissions, address mineral extraction concerns, and consider social and environmental safeguards in national digital strategies. Partnerships and a holistic approach are seen as crucial for managing the complex intersection between digital and environmental sustainability. By embracing these ideas, countries can leverage digital technology to create a more sustainable and resilient future.
Moderator
The discussion centred around the significance of sustainable digital transformation and universal connectivity in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) played a central role, emphasising its mandate to connect the world. Member states have prioritised sustainable digital transformation alongside universal connectivity, recognising the need to address the environmental impact of digitalisation.
Collaboration emerged as a key theme, with participants stressing the importance of integrating digital and green transitions. The trade angle, circular economy, and dematerialisation were highlighted as key opportunities. The role of digital tools and data in policy making was emphasised, particularly the need for evidence-based decision making and the use of data by policy makers.
Trade was identified as essential for promoting innovation, disseminating technical knowledge, and advancing sustainability. However, challenges such as the digital divide and slow adoption of digital solutions by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were acknowledged. Efforts to regulate e-waste, promote circular economy practices, and establish green standards were discussed.
The participants underscored the need for partnerships and a holistic approach to address challenges and maximise the benefits of the digital and green agenda. They called for unified global dialogue and inclusive digital trade policies. The importance of interconnectedness in policy making, both domestically and internationally, was emphasised. Furthermore, concern was raised about the potential widening of the gap between countries due to the rapid pace of digital transformation.
Noteworthy initiatives, such as Rwanda’s investment in digital infrastructure and e-waste management, as well as China’s digitisation of its e-waste system, were highlighted as examples of integration of digital technology and potential for sustainable practices.
The significance of standards, particularly in promoting green practices and ensuring a level playing field in trade, was emphasised. Attention was drawn to the slow adoption of voluntary standards by the industry, suggesting the need for regulatory intervention to drive their implementation. The involvement of the trade community in the standardisation process was deemed beneficial.
Overall, the expanded summary emphasises the importance of sustainable digital transformation, universal connectivity, and the use of digital tools and data in achieving the SDGs. Collaboration, partnerships, and a comprehensive approach are seen as crucial to address challenges and maximise the positive impacts of the digital and green agenda.
Session transcript
Moderator:
Thank you, Bernina, and thanks to the National Board of Trade for inviting me again to moderate one of your panels. I’m delighted to be here and thanks to everyone who has taken the lunchtime on Friday, the courageous ones of you who are still around the WTO on the Friday at lunchtime to not only listen to us, but hopefully participate in the conversation today. So thanks for being here. Right, so we’ve got the easy challenge of sorting out the digital and green transition and trade in the next hour and 15 minutes, but I’ll start with maybe a very quick round of questions for all of you and if you can keep your answer really short. Challenging for sure, but what makes you most excited? We had to pick one thing. What makes you most excited about the opportunities that lie in if we get this right?
Reina Otsuka:
Sure, and thank you again for inviting me here. My name is Reyna. I’m from the United Nations Development Program, and just before answering that, to put things into context, United Nations Development Program is the development arm of the UN agencies, and so we work with 170 countries. We have office presence in these countries to basically support to eradicate poverty and to build resilience. So coming from that background, to start with, I do see or we see that digital is an opportunity for countries to leapfrog the obsolete ways of environmental management and traceability so that we can start to really change the way consumers act and behave. So I think that’s what really excites us.
Robin Michelle Zuercher:
Thank you, Reyna. Robin, can I come to you next? Thanks a lot. I’m Robin Zirker. I’m from the International Telecommunication Union. For those that don’t know us, we’re a UN specialized agency on information and communication technology. So our mandate is to connect the world, but our member states have at the last plenipotentiary also put sustainable digital transformation on an equal footing with universal connectivity. So for us, it’s really important that the green and digital transformation work hand in hand. And that the digital transformation is going like, is happening in parallel with the change to a circle economy. So that’s really key and transitioning to renewable energy. And in terms of like a key opportunity, I mean, there’s so many in terms of digitalization and climate specifically, but regarding like the trade angle, of course regarding circle economy, but also the whole dematerialization angle that it has given that like sustainable production and consumption. So like is really a key factor in the whole triple planetary crisis on biodiversity loss, pollution and climate change. Thanks.
Moderator:
Thank you. Well, you’ve highlighted most of the challenges there as well. Thanks a lot. Richard, can I come to you next?
Richard Niwenshuti:
Thank you so much. Again, my name is Richard from the Minister of Trade and Industry, Republic of Rwanda as permanent secretary. I think what excites me from a policy perspective is the ability for us to really use digital tools and have the right data to make the right policy decisions. That’s really very critical. So it’s really relying on the strength and the capacities of digital tools and really getting the data that is needed for us as policy makers to make the right decisions. The other part that really excites me from the trade perspective is also understanding the speed of doing things. Let it be services that we offer, let it be how trade is done because in trade perspective, time is cost. So if digital trade are aligned to that aspect, I think that is a critical part for us to really consider. And lastly, in the context of greening, I think digital trade takes away the traditional way of doing things. So it minimizes the footprints. of production that we are all used to and definitely aligns us to sustainable solutions to climate change. Thank you.
Moderator:
Fantastic. Well, that’s a lot of things that excite you there, Richard. That’s good to see. It’s good optimism on a Friday afternoon. Can we round off this optimism sequence with you, Emma?
Emma Sävenborg:
Of course. So I’m Emma Sevenberg. I work at the National Board of Trade as a senior advisor for digital trade and services. So I come from really the trade policy angle, and I’m so happy, Richard, that you mentioned data because that’s what excites me the most about this. We really try to champion this. We should have trade policy based on evidence, and what we see during all these panels that I’ve been the whole week here is that we need to have the right data. We need to know what emissions are released. What can we do? And by digitalizing trade, we know what’s good trade and bad trade, and we can make much more informed decisions. So from my perspective, I totally agree with you, Richard.
Moderator:
Thanks, Emma. Right. Data. We definitely need a lot of that to make the right decisions, especially for those of us in policymaking or around policymaking. Right. Let’s set a context, I think, for how we’re going to kind of look at the panel today, and I think, you know, maybe start with Reina to kind of bring us up to speed on how are we connected. Right. We are talking about digital transition. We are talking about a green transition. There’s loads of policies that somehow seem to happen in parallel, oftentimes should be a lot more connected than I think they sometimes are. And, you know, can you set the context for us? What are we, you know, and what’s the role of digital technology in those two?
Reina Otsuka:
Sure. And, in fact, we are actually starting to call this the green and digital twin transition. And the reasoning behind this is because, for example, you probably know climate change or nature degradation. These are exponentially growing problems that we are facing as humanity. And at the same time, digital transformation is another trend that is happening so quickly and we are not able to stop it either. And these are just going in parallel. So instead of thinking, okay, what do we do to make this green or what do we do to make this use, we’re trying to think about it as a twin transition. How do we really intertwine these two so that it both moves toward this green transition, a deep transition that we’re trying to get to in order to achieve the sustainable development goals by 2030 and we don’t have a lot of time. So that’s the way we want to think about it. And digitalization has the potential to change things. We say 10 times, right? We used to have digitization, which is basically putting things that were on paper onto a system. And then digital transformation is really, we want to push ourselves to think, how can we make things 10 times faster, 10 times more efficient, 10 times more at scale? And if it doesn’t do that, we should just drop the idea. That’s not digital. So by pushing ourselves to think in that way, we can really start to change the way the socioeconomic system works, hopefully. And that’s, I think, what we’re trying to get to in our ideal situation. And we also want to make sure we remember that the people who are the most affected by the climate change and all the nature degradation are the people who will not benefit from the digital technologies. If we go as business as usual, Robin will probably talk about this, but more than 2 billion people are still not connected to the internet. So we have to think about these people and how can we change as a whole of society instead of just pushing a very cool solution. in one direction, we want to make sure we can try to put these people at the center of these, the discussion we’re having today. And so with that said, how can it help the way we mitigate or adapt to climate change? So there’s a lot of examples, and I’ll just start from a few examples, and I’m sure the panel will elaborate, but an obvious one is smart, right? Energy efficiency, smart agriculture, these are all based on digital technology and the data that it collects. And the other part is already Richard and Emma mentioned, but how do we use data and different earth observation, different sensors, the big data that we’re starting to be able to collect in a meaningful way so that it can be used for policy level decision making, but also decision making at the local level or at the personal level at the same time. And when it comes to adaptation, you know, it’s really near real-time data that we need, right? Like a lot of these early warning happens in two days, flash floods happen. And how do we start to use data so that we can do this early warning, early planning and investment into infrastructure? This risk-informed planning is really, really critical. And last but not least, digital technology really brings in a new way of accessing finance. And this is another important thing that a lot of these countries, especially we support, and of course, all the others who are trying to be a part of this green transition, we need access to finance. And when it comes to that, so for example, carbon markets, right? Carbon markets need to be built on trust. And a lot of the countries are basically working on toward the Paris Agreement. Countries have nationally determined contributions. And whatever that they need to first achieve the targets, and then basically sell the remainder to other countries, right? And this needs to be based on data. And to do this, for example, UNDP is supporting the government on carbon… on climate transparency systems so that we have a credible source of data behind all of the carbon market that’s going to start from now, and make sure that there’s an end-to-end system that can actually make these data and the credits flow. And similarly, there are different innovative mechanisms, like the Payment for Ecosystems Service, where there are systems, mechanisms, where when the farmer or local community makes sure that the forest or an ecosystem is preserved in their land, they get paid for it, right? So they become custodians of the ecosystem and get paid for what they did. And this kind of, it’s called PES, Payment for Ecosystems Service mechanism, requires a lot of digital technology to actually make it work, because you need to have a contract with the local community, you need to know who it is, you need to make payments, and you need to monitor it with different ways, including earth observation or it might be on the ground. And so, digital technology can really start to unlock these different ways of finance flowing into the hands of the people who are most in need. Certification is another one, that’s a market version of how we can reach the people who are actually doing the good agriculture practices to receive the money for the value that they’re providing. So I guess I’ll stop there.
Moderator:
Wow, that’s a lot of food for thought, Reina. And I couldn’t stop thinking about the 10 times, you know, 10 times are nothing, the acceleration, the exploration that we’ve seen, also for the years of the pandemic, in kind of, you know, a massive speed of acceleration, given the crisis we’re all in. And then when you’re talking about data, data for good decision making, you know, my mind kind of went to, you know, AI and big data and future of compute and quantum. And from all those technologies, you just realize that some of the conversations are happening at very different levels around the world, and the risk of, given the speed the risk is that, you know, the gap just keeps widening. Some countries are into the, you know, quantum commercialization space and some are like, what is quantum, right? So how do we kind of create a space for, you know, WTO in a way is the perfect example and digital trade policy is another perfect example where, you know, you kind of see increasing conversation and, you know, about how do you bring countries together and how do you create a more inclusive dialogue, but you have plenty of experience in that space. So how do we sort that out? Thanks a lot, Sabina. Well, yes, there is a digital divide.
Robin Michelle Zuercher:
Reina already mentioned it. ITU just released the latest internet usage estimates on Tuesday this week and it’s 2.6 billion people that are still not connected to the internet, so roughly one-third of the global population is still offline. So all the opportunities that Reina mentioned are really like excluding a big part of the world. So we as ITU, as I mentioned before, like one of our key mandates is universal connectivity. So as a first step, we’re really trying to make sure that we are connected, those that are currently unconnected and, well, we do this through like the whole infrastructure piece, allocating radio spectrum, satellite orbits, building ICT or supporting like least developed countries with ICT infrastructure. We’re also developing international standards to make sure that technologies and networks seamlessly interconnect, so that really it is possible for countries to connect. And all of this wouldn’t be possible like alone, so it’s really a collaborative effort. We, for example, established a partner to connect platform where it’s a multi-stakeholder alliance where all like all organizations are invited to pledge on how they are contributing to connect the least, the most difficult to connect. So and it’s really a platform also for matchmaking and building new partnerships to reach those. But one thing we have to be really careful is given that we’re aiming for more people to use digital technologies, and as also there is so much opportunity in moving current services online, obviously ICT sector greenhouse gas emissions are growing, together with the energy consumption that the ICT industry is using, and e-waste is being generated. So we really have to be careful that we’re not going into a situation where just some regions are benefiting from all the great opportunities, and it’s other regions that actually carry the burden of the negative effects of the ICT sector greenhouse gas emissions, and as well of e-waste, just to maybe go a little bit more into detail on e-waste. The latest data, it’s the e-waste monitor in 2020, the new version will come out in December this year, so the latest data we have is 2019, where was 53.6 million metric tons of e-waste that were generated, and it’s expected that this is really growing, so there are estimates that by 2050 it will grow to 110 million metric tons of e-waste that is being generated per year, so if we don’t change the way we do things nowadays, so that’s why it’s really important that we are moving towards a circular economy, and really keeping this in mind to change our currently unsustainable patterns of consumption and production. So what are we doing to ensure this? We are working with developing countries, mainly on helping them with e-waste regulation, which is also really keeping the whole circular economy, extended producer responsibility principles in mind, but we’re also developing international standards, like I briefly mentioned before, on circularity design in products, on digital product passports, that can really enhance the traceability of products, and really make it easier to understand, okay, what is the repairability function, and where do the components actually come from and so on, so that’s really a key tool, and in addition we’re working on many guidelines and capacity building… tools on green data centers, because obviously, the more we use, the more green data centers like are consuming. So it’s really about how can we, you know, use green data centers without growing on the ICT or on the greenhouse gas emissions. So we’re on the – maybe just to go a little bit more into detail on the inclusive aspect. So for example, when we build international standards, it’s – we’re really benefiting from ITU’s diverse membership. So we have 193 member states. Of course, at Einwolf, we have over 700 private sector entities and almost 200 academia and research institutes. So this standardization process is really an inclusive process where we try to ensure that really all the views are reflected in setting standards so that they are really not just, you know, focusing on specific, like, commercial interests of specific regions or entities. So this is one aspect. And then just to make this collaborative process a little bit bigger as well, we’re currently leading up to COP28. We’re pulling together the ICT industry for green digital action at COP28. So there’s a lot of really, like, front-runner organizations within the industry, but there’s also a lot that are lagging behind also on setting net zero targets and so on, especially in the global south. So we actually have TechUK as one of our 30-plus partners now, and it’s really fantastic, because we’re really seeing, okay, how can the ICT community work together to identify what are key breakthrough areas where together we can make a difference? So on greenhouse gas emissions specifically, for example, it’s really a group of industry that is working together to see, okay, how can we mainstream the ambition loop to set net zero targets to the global south so that ICT organizations that are based in countries where maybe renewable energy infrastructure is not there yet, how can they, you know, make it also to support the global Paris Agreement? So it’s all about collaboration.
Moderator:
That’s a nice end to your presentation. It’s all about collaboration. It certainly is. And it’s great to hear the range of, you know, stakeholders that are involved in the process. you can only achieve really sustainable standards if you have all those ranges. Yeah, I was thinking when she was talking about the data centers, I was like, hmm, trade policy, because obviously data flows, if you love data flows, companies can use the most green data centers on the planet. So the link to trade policy came naturally there, but Emma, I will turn to you, and if you can run us through, well, how can trade policy help in all of this?
Emma Sävenborg:
Yeah, thank you so much. I think it’s so interesting to come together and listen to your views, and coming from the trade perspective, I see that trade must play a really big part, maybe do more than it does today. Of course, what we see is if we trade, that encourage innovation, we spread technical know-how, because it doesn’t matter how innovative we are and how many good solutions, if they’re not commercialized and if we cannot trade them globally, they will not have the impact that we want them to have. And so that is what we want with trade. How do we do that with trade policy then? Of course, we have to lower tariffs on environmental goods services. I see potential for, you could have this kind of mutual recognition agreement of professional qualifications, which are important for the green transition, for example. It’s maybe to balance the IP rights with this kind of technology transfer, like how do we find a balance there? I think trade policy has a huge role to play there. I also see when in other areas, trade agreements and trade negotiations are really good at leveraging best practices. discussing what are you doing, what are industry initiatives that we want to highlight, where where do we have the standards that we can try to promote, and another thing that maybe we’re not talking about that much is that what trade agreements or trading regimes are good at is also saying what we shouldn’t do. Maybe we can prohibit or discourage kind of environmental harmful practices, subsidies that are not good could be like what are we not doing, can we agree on that at least. So I think I think trade has a lot to do and really need to acknowledge that and it’s a huge potential so yeah there but I can we can go into two more details.
Moderator:
Sure I’m sure we will Emma and you know I will turn to Richard now because obviously we are talking I think you know me from London, you from Sweden, the rest of us from around here but I think you know there are unique challenges in some countries on the African continent about how do you deal with digital trade policy, how do you deal with you know digital transformation of the country in the same time acceleration of innovation entrepreneurship and I’m wondering what do you see as the role of trade policy being in that digital future of Rwanda and also any chance of you joining the GSI on e-commerce?
Richard Niwenshuti:
Thank you so much I think one I will I’ll make my argument in two angles and I think it also builds on the on the on the panel we just had previously. On the African continent there always be discussions around two areas and I like the fact that all the panelists have touched that there is a difference at where different countries are particularly when it comes to discussing about green economy there is a different level where we are be it on the continent be it on different continents but also the state of digital transformation is also at a different level, even within African continent. And so there is a need for us to first one, understand where we stand with different countries in terms of the digital transition, because it is really something that calls for a lot of investment when it comes to now African continent. So Rwanda has made a good pathway to that, to really invest heavily on the initial basis of digital infrastructure. But of course, we would optimally have the benefit of it if all countries are also in the same range. That’s really a key point that I want to consider. And from a trade policy perspective, you benefit when you’re able to trade within a wider market opportunity. And so digital trade is a link, is a channel for that. Secondly, when we talk about let’s say e-commerce, trading on e-commerce, it calls out for so many things. One, digital payments have to be integrated. And of course, all the digital skills that are needed for SMEs and small and medium enterprises. That is a capability that also needs to also be upped for African markets. And that’s really no doubt is needed. But I would even take it even lower and say, if you look at our production chains, you also want to integrate digital tools so that you have the minimum productivity that is needed on different markets. I think you mentioned about traceability, the ability to even trace the kind of production that you’re having along the chains, but also use the data to determine the markets that you want to be benefiting from. So that whole chain of integration, digital plays a key role. But then the question is, where are we? I’ll give you an example. I think it’s even globally currently that we are witnessing, even for those who thought climate issues is a myth. You’ve seen. the growth in food prices because of low production in different markets. And I think the response to that is the understanding that there is a need to really invest highly in technologies that optimizes production, and then we can talk about trade. Because at times we were like, what am I trading if there is no production? And how am I going to put up the right policies or the right incentives, as Emma mentioned, that supports our private sector to trade along these chains, be it in production, be it in supply chains, and then the markets that we are looking at. So where we stand, I think digital plays a key role, but it’s also important that we domesticate the challenges that we are witnessing on the continent and make it a priority when it comes to kind of interventions, kind of support systems that we give our private sector, our SMEs in integrating the digital tools that we are talking about. I always use agriculture sector as a key role because they are the producers of what we trade. And of course, food is key to many markets. And so when you look at, for example, precision agriculture, the ability to determine how you have to input in agriculture production, at least to give you the relevant pricing on the different markets, be it fertilizers, be it everything that goes into that. If that is not – if digital cannot help us to have that precision, then it is difficult for us to have production. Then it goes further to say, okay, in mature markets – and this is really where it becomes even very challenging – in some of the mature markets, there are certain criteria that go with the products that are consumed, of course, going with the current dynamics of our healthy aspects. That requires digital precisions. That requires that we can at least identify and manage. the production chains so that we can go to that market that we are targeting and as Rwanda we are really looking at high value markets. So if you are looking at high value market trading then you want to align to that high value market and of course digital tools have to come in there. So it’s a quite a very interesting two double edged sword, yes we go climate, we have to be very sensitive about our climate, we have put up our strategies around green growth and climate resilience strategies but then we have to also look at digital integration and investments that are required around that but also be realistic to how we inform and support policies that are very responsive to the private sector operations within that space. I’ll rest it there for now.
Moderator:
Thank you so much Richard. You know there’s quite a lot of conversation obviously on digital trade policy here, bilaterally, regionally, kind of across the world right now and you’re seeing fairly advanced, you know, especially in the Asia-Pacific region we’ve seen fairly advanced kind of digital trade conversations that go into all kinds of different emerging technologies and so on. I’m wondering what do you feel at this point given there is, you know, a negotiation going on at WTO as well around digital trade policy, I’m wondering what you feel is missing from the conversation or is not really taken into account or is not really, you know, out of the challenges and the opportunities that you have mentioned?
Richard Niwenshuti:
It’s a bit early for me to make some notice of challenges or limitation I guess because negotiations will always be negotiations but I believe the challenges will always be, again as I mentioned, what is needed to… to determine the differences between different countries where they are in the transition. That plays a very key role in how we determine these negotiations that we’re talking about. Because not everyone is quickly able to align on specific articles that we are talking about. Even if I picked aspects to do with e-commerce and regulations around e-commerce, I bet that all countries have even e-commerce policies streamlined for now. So I want to believe that the state of play of different countries on the continent, and particularly when it comes to the capacities and capabilities they have on the digital trade, but also specific to e-commerce, may it also be required that in these discussions that we are having, we recognize and acknowledge that. But also put up public instruments that facilitate transition for now that can even give the chances to those that need to go there. That’s how far I can go with that.
Moderator:
No, that’s great. And I think it’s great input into the conversation as we think about what other countries can do, what the WTO can do. And Emma, I do want to bring you in here. What more can we do so that the gap in our conversations on trade policy doesn’t become as wide that it is unmanageable to bring everyone together again, given the level of the conversations in some of these digital-only trade agreements, given that the EU is part of JSI, and Sweden is a big champion of those negotiations? But how do we widen out that conversation where support is needed?
Emma Sävenborg:
No, it’s a big challenge. And I’m totally agreeing with you, Richard. It’s a challenge with this acknowledging different levels of… of e-commerce readiness or so to say. And I would say like first, it’s of course every country’s decision whether or not to join a specific negotiation. Like there are so many negotiations are, is this the right one right now? Like that is of course. Then I think we should do everything to create the right incentives or more incentives and enable those that then want to join, that the step towards joining are as small as possible. So I think it’s a two-edged, like you shouldn’t, there is no pushing countries into you should join, but we need to create maybe and acknowledge that our negotiations within digital trade today are maybe not that open and inclusive as we want to think. So as Parneila mentioned, we released a report on that last week where we tried to look at the African continent specifically and they’re like, what is their, as Richard said, what is their levels here? What are their challenges and what can we do to acknowledge that and enable more countries to join? And I would say some of these are specific to the GSI e-commerce. The report talks about that, but I would say some are broader actually. They can be brought into other discussion about digital trade negotiations. I would like to highlight three things that I think we can do to enable and get more incentives for developing countries and especially countries on the African continent to join negotiations. Firstly, it’s right back what Richard said, we need to acknowledge not only different levels, but also different priorities and different perspectives. What is digital trade here? It’s very much based on our perception of digital trade, which is. A challenge is that today very few African countries have negotiated, that is about to change with the AFCFDA. We will now see what kind of issues do they bring into digital trade discussion. I think that’s going to be enormous, interesting for us to see. What we’ve seen when we talked to policy makers is that it’s kind of interesting. It’s both a difference in the topics they prioritize, it’s topics where, for example, the fluctuating currencies on the continent are a challenge to trade that we are not thinking of readily, like when we are thinking of digital trade. But for some regions, that’s a huge challenge. We see the issue of, for example, competition, which is also, we have already developed companies, but how should you think about it if you’re starting to get your industry going, and how do we create rules that acknowledge that? So that is one thing, but it’s also how you approach these thematic topics. I think this is for all countries. What we see on the African continent is that maybe you don’t negotiate that hard binding rules on trade in general, but more soft, more aspiring rules. And we’ve seen that historically, it’s common. If you don’t have a legal framework in an area, you first want to have a national, and maybe then you want to have it regionally, and then you go internationally. So that is something that is a challenge, and we need to see that maybe support that. Maybe it’s good to have the e-commerce negotiation first, or is that you want to… focus on the AFCFJ negotiations, then we need to support that so you can come on later and you know, acknowledge that there are different ways of doing this. The second point we found that was really important if you want to enable more countries to join is that we need to see that there is specifically a lack of bureaucratic capacity and especially in trade or digital trade negotiations. They’re technical. You often need experts from your capital. You need experts from different departments. There’s a huge need for coordination and if you need to prioritize, if it’s ongoing a lot of different negotiations, of course this is something that you have to take in. Am I going to go forward with the negotiation that’s very technical? And then we come down to the very debated issue of the JSIs, because especially in the JSIs, they are I’m not talking about maybe the legal, but the actual how it started, how the processes, how the actual negotiations are taking place. They are demanding for countries with small small delegations here in Geneva and we have these, like I think all of you maybe in the room know, but it’s the JSI have small groups, and of course that’s super efficient. We’re going forward very fast, but of course that’s that’s challenging if you have a small delegation and you have to choose. And I think that is something we have to start to look in, maybe not the legality of the JSIs, but how can we actually enable, are there tweaks we could do? Could we learn from, they had the same discussion in the SPS, like can we, are there things that we can do? that makes it easier, and can we support them more in these negotiations. And thirdly, and it’s really coming back to Richard’s point, maybe we need also to adapt our development support to these countries. We know that if you miss the digital train here or there is a risk that we won’t be able to catch up and we will never have. So when we talk about trade-related development assistance, we need to start shifting that towards what ITU is talking about, the digital, maybe like an aid for digital trade agenda. Because I think we will not, in a couple of years, we will not talk about digital trade. We will talk about trade, and that’s per se digital. So we need to really, I think, 0.4% of the aid for trade funds go to digital. That’s too small, like we need to change that. And also we’ve seen in the GSI, we have this fund that’s coming, but that would need to come in all kind of negotiations, have some kind of capacity-supporting mechanism that’s attached. That was a long answer.
Moderator:
Thanks, Emma. We need a link to that report somewhere on the screen, because that sounds like it should be read very widely. On the GSI as well, you have plenty of really small countries in there, so there is a matter of also prioritization. And I think that’s where the point you made around, what do you prioritize as a country, and where does then the WTO or the GSI fit in that list of priorities? Jeff, that was a very important point to make. And maybe kind of, you know, I mean, we can’t really talk trade without standards. And it is, traditionally, it’s been the standardization process through the WTO and through the ITU and other bodies that have driven this integration of companies from across the world into the international trading system and has given a kind of, you know, if you want, level playing field for companies from across the world to operate in trade. Now, as we kind of, you know, as the speed of digitalization is kind of increasing, as you’re seeing that acceleration of digital transformation, that has posed challenges to the whole standardization process, which is not traditionally the fastest on the planet. Given the number of stakeholders you have to consult. So what are some of the, you know, how do you kind of counteract some of those challenges that you are seeing, especially coming from, you know, digitalization, the green transition, the number of proliferating standards that are kind of coming from across the world to keep that level playing field going and allow companies from everywhere to participate?
Robin Michelle Zuercher:
Thanks. Thanks a lot. And Emma, you made a good point there on sometimes the lack of skills of the people, you know, in building specific policies. So within the standardization process, one thing I mentioned before briefly is that we’re really trying to make sure that the whole process is inclusive so that we are integrating different regions and all the perspectives. But we did notice that there are specific regions where there’s just a lack of awareness. So what we have set up a couple of years ago already, quite some years ago already actually, is bridging the digital standardization gap program. So it’s really a program where we are focusing on developing countries where we did notice there is really not so much engagement and not so much awareness to specifically train them on how they can contribute and participate in the standards process so that they can bring in their views and perspectives and needs and then also benefit from the outcome. But it’s also really important and we’re really eager to see how can we extend the process of the standards that we are doing beyond the ICT community specifically. So of course on the green standards that I mentioned before, the environment community is really key to be involved and also maybe it should be mentioned within this green digital action track that I just mentioned before, we have the World Standards Cooperation. So IEC, ISO and ITU, they are currently discussing if at COP they can they can announce some sort of joint statement on green by design principles for all future standards. So it’s not just the environment community that is important for green standards specifically, but hopefully for all standards going forward to have this green lens across standardization overall. So hopefully this is happening. But also the trade community will be really key given some of the standards I mentioned before on circularity, on the digital product passport. So it’s really important that the trade community is part of this whole like also in ITU standards that have to focus on digital so that we have these different points of view. And then on your second part, yes, so the standards we’re doing are voluntary. And one of the big things we are doing is really to raise the awareness because many people don’t realize that standards are so key and are needed whenever you make a phone call or listen to music that there are standards behind it that make it possible that we can do all of these things. So we are really trying to to like raise the awareness of this process. But yes, it takes time. So just as an example, by the end of 2024 in the EU all tablets, mobile phones, and cameras will have to have a type C USB charger and by 2026 this will be extended to laptops as well. And this is actually closely linked to an ITU standard that came out in 2010. So it’s really so it was an ITU standard in 2010 on universal chargers and adapters. So it’s really you can see that sometimes it does. it does take time there and again like within Green Digital Action currently we have a group of industry because obviously it’s important that industry given that they’re also so key in the standards are also implementing the standards so we have a group there they’re actually meeting now they have their fourth call as we speak now to see how can they build momentum around the implementation of green standards themselves as well so this is really exciting but just I mean to conclude this standards are an important tool on which on which we have and which we can build transparent and equitable markets and the level play level playing field for all and there are really a lot of benefits also for for for users in the end like we had a standard recently come out on sustainable production sustainable public procurement of ICTs so sustainable and circular procurement because we do think procurement has a big has a big impact on how supply chains are are formed but it is really it is really important that regulators and policymakers look to standards when they build policies so that it’s really you know that in the end you do benefit from from the opportunities
Moderator:
thank you so much Robin yeah it’s I think what you said about the 2010 really is that old we do we do think of recent regulation as kind of being slightly innovative but now it’s based on something that happened 15 years ago that’s good right I do want to open up the floor so we we do have about 20 minutes for questions so do you think really hard about those for the next three minutes while I ask Raina another question and because we are all very digital you’ll also have the opportunity to ask questions for Slido and raise your hands and you know there will be all this all this opportunity to get involved but I will I will turn to Raina just for for one last question before we open it open it up because obviously we all know that digital solutions are good you know that you have digital solutions that’s not climate change, that you have the digital solutions that make companies more sustainable. You know, they exist, we know they exist. We also know that adoption is not necessarily at the speed we’d like it to be. You know, companies, I think especially SMEs, you know, in developed countries, as much as in developing countries, you know, the last thing they think about is like, you know, what’s the new digital solution to kind of become more sustainable? It kind of comes down, unless there is a legal requirement, it comes down to number 15 in their list of priorities, right? So how do we kind of incentivize that? Because we know that’s good for business. We know that’s good for productivity. We know that actually has benefits, but still adoption is slow. What are some of the mechanisms that you are aware of where we can actually increase the adoption of these technologies that are already on the market?
Reina Otsuka:
Sure. So I might want to say that digital technology will spread, right? Yeah. Especially from the global companies. So the question is, how do we do it in an equitable way? And so just going back again, and I’m no, by no means I’m a trade expert, so I will not claim that, but I think it’s more of a food for thought for people in this room who are actual trade experts to think how we can do this. And so again, going back, we’re doing, UNDP does this whole of society digital readiness assessment, and we look at the policy and government capacity and people’s capacity. And what comes out of these is that there is a need for, for example, open data, right? When I say open data, for traceability, let’s say the EU deforestation regulation comes in place, and there’s a lot of commodity companies that come and survey, for example, cocoa agriculture fields, right? One of those companies were telling me that they do it. Another company comes in, does it again, and they don’t, of course they don’t share the data with each other. So these farmers get surveyed three times a year, and the farmers themselves never get to see their own map or data. And so having some kind of open data, maybe not a standard, more of a policy, data sharing policy, and this might be more for the national government, but that can really help basically eliminate all of these duplication of data efforts, make a digital infrastructure for the country to start innovating in more value added ways. So, you know, when we basically one thing is about this, you know, for the traceability types of data, how can we support these countries to have these open data policy data sharing policy so that these different in a private sector and academic and public data that’s been collected can actually be opened up in meaningful ways. So I think that’s one. And then the second part is that, again, when we think about these skills, we tend to think about trainings, but I think we were really increasingly going to this digital ecosystem approach. So the thing about digital technology is that it needs to be built up as an ecosystem. So it’s not just about training government people or training the companies. It’s really about how can we make sure there’s an ecosystem of academic partners and government and local communities, and even citizen science. And that there’s a lot of different ways of doing it and actually I was, I was in Rwanda before in the country office. So Rwanda has really good examples where it, you know, for example, when you set up a cold chain, right, instead of building a coaching in the middle of nowhere, where nobody actually uses it. There was a very interesting thing that the ICT Chamber of Commerce did that they partner with the village, and the villagers came up with different business models that can actually accommodate the cold chain so they noticed that you know when after 50 days the hens have to be killed slaughtered They have to be sold somehow, because otherwise, the hens will stop laying eggs, and it becomes a cost. And this cold chain was actually a great opportunity for them to have that fluttering and storage so that they can create a new market. And when they did that, they also involved the local banks to be a part of this design of the business model. And by doing this, a cold chain that was so expensive and not being used by some people became a part of the community. It became a more sustainable way of engagement. So I do think thinking of this digital ecosystem demand creation is very, very important, at least from the country’s perspective.
Moderator:
Thank you so much, Reyna. Right, questions? Hands up, and you’ll have to introduce yourself and say who you are and what you do before you ask a question. Come on, courage. OK, I’ll leave you. There we go. There you go. Thank you, sir. You are the dream friend of a moderator.
Audience:
I don’t know about that, but I’ll give it a try. Johan Ekelt. I’m the counselor dealing with digital at Swedish Mission. You mentioned, Robin, you mentioned standards and the new USB-C standard. But of course, I mean, IQ standards are voluntary. And I mean, it took 15 years because we actually needed the EU to create a regulation that forced Apple to change it. So how do you get the uptake? Because of course, in order to speed up the process of this twin transition, if we have 1.5 degrees, we need to go a bit quicker than this. So how can we work on getting the uptake a bit more effective? Because in this case, I think, I mean, it was the threat of the EU’s decision that actually forced Apple to change. So I mean, you already had a very great. standard, but it was not used. So that would be my question. Thank you.
Moderator:
Or maybe it was used, but not to the extent that, you know, it is as wide as it is by regulation. Right. Back to that question. Speed, voluntary versus, you know, obligatory, how do you kind of, you know, how do we get those standards to actually be taken up by the industry and used?
Emma Sävenborg:
I mean, good question. I mean, as I mentioned already, we do have this green digital action track on building implementation around green standards. So there’s really a great group of industry leaders that are discussing within each other. So they’re currently really, as we speak, working on an action plan to map what kind of green standards are out there, what is already in place in the industry, what kind of best practices or who has actually adapted the standard almost as it is. And then based on this, at COP, they will be launching some sort of action plan to say, OK, we’ve agreed on this set of standards and this is now how we’re going to implement it. So that’s the first step. And then hopefully we can scale that. But obviously, you know, the other question that I can’t answer that is on the, you know, on the perspective of policymakers and so on, how can we accelerate it there? But maybe somebody in the room can answer that better than I can.
Moderator:
Well, apparently, on the policymaker side, it takes 13 years. So we’ll leave that there. Any other questions in the room? There we go. Yes, please.
Audience:
Thank you. So I’m from UNCTAD. I would like to ask the panelists one question. So just now, the panelists mentioned that digital solutions are good, but fewer people realize that actually using digital technologies comes with an environmental cost. So that is why we should promote the twin transition. We should not only look at one aspect, but we have to focus on the other aspect. So and just now, one panelist mentioned that we have to do awareness raising. we have to use promoting some standard setting. So my question is, for developing countries, do you have any recommendations that the developing countries can, when they pursue this digitalization path, because of course it will only one direction, it’s upward. So when they pursue this digitalization path, what kind of factors they can consider so that to minimize the environmental cost? Thank you.
Moderator:
Well, I think I will start maybe with Richard and go to Rain afterwards on this one. Any best practice experience you want to share, Richard?
Richard Niwenshuti:
Again, I will use a case study specifically for Rwanda. We do have, I think, one of the state-of-the-art e-waste facility in the country, and it collects but also renews electronic materials. Why am I using this example? Because again, transition will always be transition. There is a period of time where really even thinking about, I’m not sure if this is the right way to put it, but thinking about a green mobile phone, technology will come with time. But there is that ability to create infrastructures that can take away these hazardous materials and probably reconvert them into a different usage, but also probably put them away. So in Rwanda, we have an e-waste facility that today converts around 10,000 tons in a year. Talk about mobiles, talk about computers, either renews some of those that are capable to be renewed, but also disables certain materials that are taken out of the space. But of course it comes with journey, because there is a whole journey around campaigning to support mindset change. support ability to do away with these unused electronic materials, it’s a work in progress. So what should multilateral companies be thinking about? I think one of the elements to do is protecting our mother nature, specifically when you talk about that angle is not only to push trading in the markets but also look at these models that could support even taking out these materials out of the space. And there could be that CSR support arrangements. Companies should be looking at how specific markets can create these infrastructures but also facilitate them, and that’s one angle. But also be mindful on this, on what they are producing, what are they producing and how do they believe could respond to the climate issues. Obviously our target in Rwanda is to reduce 38 percent of carbon emission by 2035. And I want to come back to the aspect of saying this cannot be achieved without a strong collaboration and partnerships around different multi-sector interventions. Because you’re not only talking about electronics but you’re also talking about let’s say transport means that are used. If you’re converting fuel to electronic mobility, there is then that cost of transition that needs also be thought about. So it cannot be looked at into one parallel angle but maybe multi-sector approach that you have people in transport really looking at what needs to be done to minimize energy efficiency by converting to electronics. Here in Rwanda we have transitioned some of our common modes of transport like motorcycle to electronic motorcycles. and around 2,000 are in the market. The number is growing over time. And to move this transition costed the partnership of private sector, the investors, to understand where the opportunity is. If you’re talking about, let’s say, low-cost housing technologies, again, you have different players there. So it comes back to this triple helix model of private operators, education institutions that can do research and solutions, and then government policies that aligns this with, of course, with a strong connection between the three parties. And so to really respond to this, I think we need to move together, and private multilateral companies or private companies need to also rethink about not only coming up with the latest versions, but also versions that are sensitive to our mother nature. Thank you.
Moderator:
That’s a great input, Richard. And I love the kind of, you know, how do you work this out? You kind of need everyone involved. It’s gonna be a collective process. If, you know, at country level, but I think at the international level as well, if we’re gonna kind of be successful in both systems. I also want to come and try the electric motorcycle one day. Reina, anything to add?
Reina Otsuka:
No, I can only agree with Richard. But maybe just to put a little bit more around it. So e-waste is definitely the one big area that we must consider. And for example, in China, this was already tackled. Again, it’s a twin transition. So China came up with this app where the citizens can actually connect with the different waste pickers and make sure that the e-waste is properly collected to the proper place. And then the whole e-waste system was actually digitized in that way. So it’s good to consider that as well. And Rwanda, I’m sure, has that kind of app as well. The second part would be the emission of the server centers. So this. this part, it will be, we do need to start considering about using or combining renewable energy with the server center. So energy and digital is actually also very intertwined in that way. And finally, this is a little bit more far, but the mineral extract is another big issue that you don’t see it directly, but it is an indirect issue. And so the suggestion would be to, when the country thinks about the national digital strategy, these are the safeguards that already need to be considered from the beginning. And so whenever you do the digital readiness assessment, or we’re in fact doing one in Tanzania at this moment, but it’s very important to start to consider this as a safeguard along with, of course, the social aspects, which we will not talk about today. Thank you.
Moderator:
Thanks, Reyna. I’m surprised it took an hour and 10 minutes to get to the critical minerals part of this conversation, but there we are. We only have a few minutes left. I’m sorry for the seven questions in here, but we will have time. I think everyone is staying for a few minutes at the end, so do come up to us and ask further questions that you may have. I do want to close this panel on, we don’t have time for the full takeaways of this conversation, because there’s been a lot that I’ve learned personally from all of you. But if there’s something you take away from this discussion, you know, out of what you’ve heard from the other panelists, what you’ve heard from the audience, what is your main takeaway? It can be a personal one, it can be a professional one, it can be something you’ve learned, whatever you want to highlight at the end. And I’ll start the same way I started in the beginning with Reyna.
Reina Otsuka:
No time to think. I guess it’s about, you know, there’s so many things happening that we can, again, it’s all about partnership in the end. And I think I really like how we ended in that note of partnerships, making sure there’s a holistic approach and trade should talk together. with the Environment Ministry and also with the Digital Ministry, if you have any. So I think it’s really important we do that. And just to mention, there is something called the Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability. If you are interested in this topic, it would be wonderful if you can also join this coalition and learn. And we also start to put in this diversity into the discussion. So thank you so much.
Moderator:
Thank you, Reyna. Robin.
Robin Michelle Zuercher:
Thanks a lot. Well, it goes into the same direction. The whole notion of collaboration that we mentioned several times, but also I’m definitely not a trade expert. And it was so interesting to see in the discussion how important the trade perspective is in the whole like green and digital agenda. So again, similar invitation, as I mentioned, like in the standardization process, the trade community could really also be beneficial. So come talk to me if you’re interested to learn more. Thanks.
Moderator:
Yeah. I mean, we do have to thank Emma for bringing all of us together from different perspectives. Yeah.
Richard Niwenshuti:
I think it’s not different from the others. I think collaboration, partnerships, strong complementarities in the different levels of digital transition, but also the switch on, the switch to climate resilience solution. I think there is really interesting platforms that have been mentioned that I will definitely try to pursue most of them. But also the understanding of the role of standards in this, and this is very critical because now trade, we can only trade if we meet this, this is voluntary metrics, unfortunately. So this is also something that I thought we could pursue further. Thanks.
Moderator:
And Emma, you have the last word?
Emma Sävenborg:
No, but I’m so happy, like I’ve contacted all of you because I really wanted to, or I saw the potential here, like there is something missing. So now I want to change my title to Digital Green Trade Senior Advisor. No, but like really maybe what I’m going to do now when I come home. is more, so how can we, how can we actually implement this in my, my work? Why do we don’t have any green parts when we negotiate? Like, why is the environmental issues not part when we talk about digital as much as it should? This is what I’m, I’m starting. So, so I will, I will have to, something to do 2024 as well.
Moderator:
Yeah, I think that’s for all of us, really. And it’s also how we’ve negotiated trade agreements forever, which is like, you know, there is a recently digital trade chapter added to the trade agreements. It’s been an environmental chapter for quite some time, but you tend to have different teams, different ministries, different people kind of on top of those. And, you know, maybe not enough of the cross-cutting discussion with standards, with development, with, you know, that I think was highlighted by this panel. So if everyone will join me in thanking this panel for, for a wonderful conversation and all of you for being here. So thank you. And yes, we will be around for another while if any of you have further questions, we are here. So do come and grab us. Thank you. And if you want to see the, if you want to have the report, you can just scan the, the code. So you will have a link to the report that was discussed before. Fantastic. Thanks.
Speakers
Audience
Speech speed
154 words per minute
Speech length
338 words
Speech time
132 secs
Arguments
Speeding up the process of tech transition is necessary for containing global warming
Supporting facts:
- The audience member cited the 15-year timeframe required to agree on the USB-C standard and urged for quicker adoption of technological standards.
Topics: Tech Transition, Global Warming, Standardization
Utilizing digital technologies comes with environmental impacts
Supporting facts:
- Digital solutions, though beneficial, have environmental costs that are often overlooked.
- To mitigate such, there is need for a twin transition- a balanced focus on both digitalization and environmental impact.
Topics: Digital solutions, Environmental cost, Twin Transition
Report
The discussion covered several key topics related to technology transition and its impact on climate change, government regulation, digital solutions, and environmental sustainability. One audience member expressed concern about the slow adoption of technological standards and its potential impact on global warming.
They highlighted that it took 15 years to agree on the USB-C standard, underscoring the need for a faster adoption process to effectively address climate change. This negative sentiment emphasizes the urgency of speeding up technological standardization to mitigate global warming.
Another speaker highlighted the effectiveness of government regulation in driving the adoption of tech standards. They gave the example of the European Union’s requirement for Apple to adopt the USB-C standard, illustrating how government intervention can play a crucial role in shaping industry practices.
This positive argument suggests that government regulations can facilitate the implementation of technological standards and promote a more consistent and efficient transition to newer technologies. The discussion also addressed the environmental costs associated with digital solutions. While digital technologies offer numerous benefits, it is important to acknowledge and mitigate their environmental impacts.
The speakers emphasized the importance of a “twin transition” approach, which involves a balanced focus on both digitalization and environmental impact. This approach aims to mitigate the negative consequences of digital solutions and ensure sustainable practices. The sentiment here is neutral, recognizing the need for environmental consciousness while leveraging digital technologies.
Lastly, the speakers stressed the significance of minimizing environmental impact in developing countries undergoing digitalization. They acknowledged that developing nations are increasingly embracing digitalization, but environmental considerations should not be overlooked in this process. The audience agreed that measures should be taken to minimize the environmental impact of digitalization in these regions.
This neutral standpoint highlights the importance of achieving a balance between technological advancement and sustainable practices. Overall, the discussion provided valuable insights into the need for swift adoption of technological standards to address climate change, the role of government regulation in driving tech standardization, the environmental costs associated with digital solutions, and the importance of minimizing environmental impact during digitalization in developing countries.
The arguments and evidence presented shed light on the complex relationship between technology transition and environmental sustainability.
Emma Sävenborg
Speech speed
166 words per minute
Speech length
1973 words
Speech time
714 secs
Arguments
Trade policy should be based on evidence and correct data
Supporting facts:
- Emma works at the National Board of Trade as a senior advisor for digital trade and services.
- She emphasizes on the need for right data to know what emissions are released and to make informed decisions.
Topics: Trade Policy, Digital Trade, Data Management
Trade policy can help in achieving sustainable standards
Supporting facts:
- Trade encourages innovation and the spread of technical know-how
- Solutions become impactful through global commercialization via trade
Topics: Trade, Sustainability, Innovation, Commercialization
Lowering tariffs on environmental goods services can promote sustainability
Supporting facts:
- Lowering tariffs can make environmental goods more accessible and thereby encourage their use
Topics: Trade Policy, Tariffs, Environmental Goods
Balance of IP rights and technology transfer can enhance green transition
Supporting facts:
- The right balance between IP protection and tech transfer can encourage the dissemination of green technologies
Topics: IP rights, Technology Transfer, Green Transition
The conversations around digital trade negotiations need to be broadened and incentives created for more countries, especially developing ones, to join.
Supporting facts:
- Not many African countries have negotiated their digital trade agreements
- The bureaucratic capacity concerning digital trade negotiations tends to be low
- Countries with smaller delegations face a challenge engaging in Joint Statement Initiatives due to their demanding processes
Topics: Digital Trade Negotiations, Joint Statement Initiative, Development Support
Different levels of readiness, priorities, and perspectives in digital trade need to be acknowledged.
Supporting facts:
- The perception of what digital trade is, depends on the country’s level of digital maturity
- Some countries prioritize issues like fluctuating currencies and competition that others might not consider top priority in digital trade
Topics: Digital Trade Readiness, Negotiations, Joint Statement Initiative
Development support needs to be adapted to assist countries in taking part in digital trade.
Supporting facts:
- Currently, only 0.4% of aid for trade funds are allocated to digital, which is insufficient
- Specific capacity-supporting mechanisms should be included in all types of negotiations
Topics: Development Support, Digital Trade, Aid for Digital Trade
Green digital action track on building implementation around green standards is being established
Supporting facts:
- Industry leaders are currently discussing within each other
- They are working on an action plan to map what kind of green standards are in place
- The action plan will be launched at COP
Topics: Industry, Policy making, Green standards
Agreed set of green standards need to be implement
Supporting facts:
- Industry leaders are currently discussing within each other
- They are working on an action plan to map what kind of green standards are in place
Topics: Green Standards, Implementation
Emma Sävenborg points out that there is a lack of environmental considerations in digital trade negotiations and in her own work.
Supporting facts:
- Digital Green Trade is a potential title she jokingly ponders, signs that she is seriously considering in introducing more green elements in the sphere of digital trade.
- Sävenborg plans to work on this issue in the coming years, suggesting a commitment to this stance in the longer term.
Topics: Digital Trade, Sustainability, Negotiations
Report
The analysis highlights several key arguments related to trade policy and its impact on sustainability. One of the main arguments is the necessity for trade policy to be based on evidence and correct data. Emma, a senior advisor for digital trade and services at the National Board of Trade, emphasizes the importance of accurate and reliable data in making informed decisions about emissions and trade.
Without the right data, it is impossible to fully understand the emissions being released and the potential environmental consequences of trade activities. Therefore, trade policy should rely on accurate data to address sustainability goals effectively. Another key argument is the role of trade policy in achieving sustainable standards.
Trade can encourage innovation and the spread of technical know-how, which are essential for driving sustainable development. By promoting trade, solutions to environmental challenges can be widely disseminated and implemented, leading to more impactful results. Lowering tariffs on environmental goods is also highlighted as a means to make these goods more accessible and encourage their use, promoting sustainability.
Balancing intellectual property (IP) rights and technology transfer is also crucial for achieving green transition. the right balance can facilitate the dissemination of green technologies, allowing for the successful adoption and implementation of sustainable practices. Trade agreements can leverage best practices and discourage environmentally harmful practices by including provisions that encourage sustainability and discourage harmful practices.
The analysis also emphasizes the need to expand digital trade negotiations and include more countries, particularly developing ones. Currently, many African countries have yet to negotiate their digital trade agreements due to limited bureaucratic capacity. Additionally, countries with smaller delegations face challenges in engaging in Joint Statement Initiatives due to demanding processes.
By broadening the conversation and creating incentives for more countries to participate, especially developing ones, a more inclusive and comprehensive digital trade framework can be established. Another important point raised in the analysis is the need to acknowledge and address different levels of readiness, priorities, and perspectives in digital trade.
The perception of what digital trade entails depends on a country’s level of digital maturity. It is crucial to recognize that different countries may prioritize different issues in digital trade based on their specific circumstances and needs. By acknowledging and accommodating these differences, a more balanced and effective approach to digital trade can be achieved.
The analysis also underlines the importance of providing support and assistance to countries in participating in digital trade. Currently, only a small percentage of aid for trade funds are allocated to digital, which is deemed insufficient. To ensure that developing countries are not left behind in the digital trade sphere, specific capacity-supporting mechanisms need to be incorporated into all types of negotiations.
Furthermore, the analysis highlights the establishment of a green digital action track, with industry leaders discussing and working on an action plan to map out green standards. This signifies a commitment to implementing agreed-upon green standards within the digital trade sector.
However, the analysis does not provide information on how policymakers can accelerate the implementation of these standards, leaving this question unanswered. Finally, Emma Sävenborg’s perspective is notable in the analysis. She advocates for more inclusion of environmental issues in digital trade discussions and expresses a commitment to introducing more green elements into the sphere of digital trade in the longer term.
Her insights highlight the need to consider environmental considerations in all aspects of trade, including digital trade, and work towards a more sustainable future. In conclusion, the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the various arguments and perspectives related to trade policy and sustainability.
It emphasizes the importance of basing trade policy on evidence and correct data, promoting sustainable standards through trade, and finding a balance between IP rights and technology transfer. The need for inclusive digital trade negotiations and support for developing countries in digital trade are also underscored.
The establishment of a green digital action track and Emma Sävenborg’s commitment to environmental considerations in digital trade further contribute to the discussion. Overall, the analysis highlights the potential of trade policy to promote sustainability and the importance of incorporating environmental concerns into trade discussions and decision-making processes.
Moderator
Speech speed
196 words per minute
Speech length
2419 words
Speech time
740 secs
Arguments
The International Telecommunication Union’s mandate is to connect the world.
Supporting facts:
- Robin Zirker is from the International Telecommunication Union
- Member states have put sustainable digital transformation on an equal footing with universal connectivity
Topics: International Telecommunication Union, Digital Transformation
Need for green and digital transformation to work hand in hand and the transition to a circular economy and renewable energy.
Supporting facts:
- Sustainable digital transformation has been given equal importance as universal connectivity
- Robin emphasises on the importance of sustainable production and consumption
Topics: Green Transformation, Digital Transformation, Renewable Energy, Circular Economy
Use of digital tools and data for policy making
Supporting facts:
- Relying on the strength and capacities of digital tools for decision making
- Data is needed for policy makers to make right decisions
Topics: Policy Making, Data Usage, Digital Tools
Speed of digital trade
Supporting facts:
- In trade perspective, time is cost
- Digital trade aligns to speed of doing things
Topics: Digital Trade, Speed, Efficiency
Digital trade aligns with greening
Supporting facts:
- Digital trade minimizes production footprints
- Aligns us to sustainable solutions
Topics: Digital Trade, Greening, Sustainability, Climate Change
The importance of data in policy making
Supporting facts:
- Emma Sevenberg highlighted the need for evidence-based trade policy
- Richard also mentioned the necessity of data prior to Emma
Topics: Data, Policy making, Digitalization, Trade
Speed at which digital transformation is happening can further widen the gap between countries.
Supporting facts:
- Some countries are into the quantum commercialization space while some are still unacquainted with quantum.
Topics: digital transformation, inequality
A third of the global population is still not connected to the internet
Supporting facts:
- ITU released the latest internet usage estimates showing 2.6 billion people are not connected
- ITU’s key mandate is universal connectivity
Topics: Internet connectivity, ICT infrastructure
ICT sector’s greenhouse gas emissions and e-waste are growing
Supporting facts:
- ICT sector greenhouse gas emissions are increasing due to the digital revolution
- 53.6 million metric tons of e-waste were generated in 2019, expected to grow to 110 million metric tons by 2050
Topics: Greenhouse gas emissions, E-waste
Efforts are being made to regulate e-waste and enhance circular economy
Supporting facts:
- ITU is developing international standards on circularity design, digital product passports
- ITU is working on guidelines to enable green data centers and minimize ICT-induced greenhouse gas emissions
Topics: E-waste management, Circular economy
Trade has a huge role in encouraging innovation, spreading technical know-how and commercializing solutions.
Supporting facts:
- Trade encourage innovation and the spread of technical know-how.
- Commercializing and trading these solutions globally increases their impact.
Topics: Trade, Innovation, Trade policy
Trade negotiations are effective in leveraging best practices and establish standards.
Supporting facts:
- Trade negotiations promote discussions on best practices and industry initiatives.
- They also work on promoting common standards.
Topics: Trade negotiations, Standards
Investment in digital infrastructure is a panacea to optimal African green economy and trade benefits
Supporting facts:
- The state of digital transformation is different for each African country.
- Rwanda has heavily invested in digital infrastructure.
- Using digital tools optimizes the production chain and market determination.
- E-commerce calls for integrated digital payments and upskilling SMEs.
Topics: Digital Transformation, Green Economy, African Economy, Trade
Digital tools and technologies should be integrated into primary sectors like agriculture for effective production and trade
Supporting facts:
- Optimized production is a response to global increase in food prices.
- The precision offered by digital tools in agriculture could help in identifying and managing production chains, thereby aligning products to fit high value markets.
- Digital tools are necessary for determining inputs in agriculture and precise pricing.
Topics: Digital Transformation, Agriculture, Trade
The different states of transition among different countries in negotiations is a major challenge
Supporting facts:
- Not all countries have e-commerce policies streamlined
- Digital capacities and capabilities vary across countries
Topics: Trade negotiations, Digital trade, E-commerce
Recognizing and acknowledging state of play in different countries is essential
Supporting facts:
- Putting up public instruments facilitate transition
- Chances should be given to those who are less capable in transition
Topics: Trade negotiations, E-commerce, Digital trade
Emma suggests three ways to enable more incentives for developing countries to join negotiations
Supporting facts:
- There is a need to recognize different levels, priorities, and perspectives in digital trade negotiation
- There is a specific lack of bureaucratic capacity specifically in digital trade negotiation
- We need to adapt our development support to these countries to meet the evolving trend of digitalization
- 0.4% of the trade-related development aid goes to digital, which needs to get increased
Topics: Digital Trade, Digitalization, Trade Negotiations, E-commerce Negotiations
Standardization process is aimed at inclusivity and integrating different regions and perspectives.
Supporting facts:
- Bridging the digital standardization gap program was set up to focus on developing countries where there is lack of awareness or engagement.
Topics: Standardization, Inclusivity, Perspective gathering
ITU is trying to extend the process of the standards beyond the ICT community. Environment community and trade community are key for green standards.
Supporting facts:
- IEC, ISO and ITU are currently discussing a joint statement on green by design principles for all future standards.
Topics: ITU, ICT community, Green standards
Standards are voluntary and raising their awareness is vital.
Supporting facts:
- An ITU standard on universal chargers and adapters in 2010 influenced the EU decision to enforce type C USB charger for all tablets, mobile phones, and cameras by end of 2024 and for laptops by 2026.
Topics: Standards, Awareness
The process of standardization and its uptake in the industry is slow and often requires regulatory intervention to prompt its use
Supporting facts:
- EU regulation forced Apple to comply with the new USB-C standard
Topics: Standardization, Industry Compliance, Regulation
Working on an action plan to implement green standards
Supporting facts:
- A group of industry leaders are consulting and mapping the green standards present in the industry and identifying best practices.
- The action plan would be launched at COP.
Topics: green standards, sustainability, climate change
Need to accelerate policymaking process for green standards.
Topics: policymaking, green standards, climate change
Rwanda has an e-waste facility that uses state-of-the-art technology to collect and renew electronic materials, converting around 10,000 tons per year.
Supporting facts:
- Rwanda’s e-waste facility renews and recycles multiple electronic materials, including mobiles and computers
Topics: E-waste, Recycling, Innovation
Transition to a green economy requires a multi-sector approach and strong collaboration between private operators, education institutions, and government policies.
Supporting facts:
- Rwanda has converted some of its common modes of transport like motorcycles to electronic versions with the collaboration of private sector
Topics: Green Economy, Public-Private Partnership, Environmental Policy
Companies should not only push trading in markets but also consider models that support the removal of harmful materials and are sensitive to mother nature.
Topics: Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Business Practices
E-waste needs to be managed effectively
Supporting facts:
- China has released an app for waste pickers to collect e-waste appropriately
- E-waste system in China has been digitized
Topics: Digital Strategy, Waste Management
Server center emissions needs to be reduced
Supporting facts:
- Need to consider combining renewable energy with server centers
Topics: Digital Technology, Renewable Energy
Extraction of minerals is an underlying issue of digital transition
Supporting facts:
- This is an indirect issue of the digital strategy, not directly visible
Topics: Mineral Extraction, National Digital Strategy
Partnership is essential and there should be a holistic approach where all ministries and departments talk to each other
Supporting facts:
- Trade should be in discussion with the Environment and Digital ministries
Topics: partership, holistic approach
Promotion of Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability
Supporting facts:
- Reina Otsuka encouraged people to join the coalition for more learning and diversity in discussion
Topics: digital environmental sustainability
Importance of collaboration in the green and digital agenda
Supporting facts:
- Robin Michelle Zuercher highlighted the importance of collaboration in the context of green and digital agendas
- The trade perspective is crucial in the discussion on green and digital agenda
Topics: Collaboration, Green and digital agenda, Trade perspective
Importance of collaboration, partnerships, strong complementarities in different levels of digital transition
Topics: Digital Transition, Partnerships
Switch to climate resilience solutions
Topics: Climate Resilience
Understanding the role of standards in trade
Topics: Trade, Standards
Emma Sävenborg is exploring the incorporation of green parts or environmental issues into her work in the digital context.
Supporting facts:
- Emma Sävenborg expressed her interest in evolving her role to ‘Digital Green Trade Senior Advisor’
- She raises question about the lack of green parts in the negotiation process and the insufficient emphasis on environmental issues in the digital arena
Topics: Digital Trade, Environment, Negotiation
Report
The discussion centred around the significance of sustainable digital transformation and universal connectivity in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) played a central role, emphasising its mandate to connect the world. Member states have prioritised sustainable digital transformation alongside universal connectivity, recognising the need to address the environmental impact of digitalisation.
Collaboration emerged as a key theme, with participants stressing the importance of integrating digital and green transitions. The trade angle, circular economy, and dematerialisation were highlighted as key opportunities. The role of digital tools and data in policy making was emphasised, particularly the need for evidence-based decision making and the use of data by policy makers.
Trade was identified as essential for promoting innovation, disseminating technical knowledge, and advancing sustainability. However, challenges such as the digital divide and slow adoption of digital solutions by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were acknowledged. Efforts to regulate e-waste, promote circular economy practices, and establish green standards were discussed.
The participants underscored the need for partnerships and a holistic approach to address challenges and maximise the benefits of the digital and green agenda. They called for unified global dialogue and inclusive digital trade policies. The importance of interconnectedness in policy making, both domestically and internationally, was emphasised.
Furthermore, concern was raised about the potential widening of the gap between countries due to the rapid pace of digital transformation. Noteworthy initiatives, such as Rwanda’s investment in digital infrastructure and e-waste management, as well as China’s digitisation of its e-waste system, were highlighted as examples of integration of digital technology and potential for sustainable practices.
The significance of standards, particularly in promoting green practices and ensuring a level playing field in trade, was emphasised. Attention was drawn to the slow adoption of voluntary standards by the industry, suggesting the need for regulatory intervention to drive their implementation.
The involvement of the trade community in the standardisation process was deemed beneficial. Overall, the expanded summary emphasises the importance of sustainable digital transformation, universal connectivity, and the use of digital tools and data in achieving the SDGs. Collaboration, partnerships, and a comprehensive approach are seen as crucial to address challenges and maximise the positive impacts of the digital and green agenda.
Reina Otsuka
Speech speed
184 words per minute
Speech length
2265 words
Speech time
738 secs
Arguments
Digital can enable countries to leapfrog obsolete environmental management and traceability methods
Supporting facts:
- United Nations Development Program works with 170 countries to support eradicating poverty and building resilience
Topics: Digital Transition, Environmental Management, Traceability
The green and digital transitions should be intertwined to address climate change and nature degradation in a more effective manner.
Supporting facts:
- Climate change and nature degradation are exponentially growing problems
- Digital transformation is also an exponentially growing trend
Topics: Climate Change, Digital Transformation, Green Transition
Digitalization has the potential to make operations 10x faster, efficient, and scalable, hence revolutionizing the socioeconomic system.
Supporting facts:
- Digital transformation is pushing for a 10x improvement in efficiency, speed, and scalability
Topics: Digital Transformation, Socioeconomic System
There is a need for open data and data sharing policies to eliminate duplication of data efforts and to build a digital infrastructure for innovation.
Supporting facts:
- The EU deforestation regulation requires commodity companies to regularly survey agriculture fields such as cocoa, resulting in duplication of efforts as different companies conduct their own surveys and do not share their data with one another.
- Farmers are surveyed multiple times a year without ever seeing their own map or data.
Topics: Digital Technology, Open Data, Data Sharing
e-waste is a critical area to consider when transitioning to digital technology
Supporting facts:
- China has created an app that connects citizens to waste pickers to ensure proper e-waste collection
- The entire e-waste system in China was digitized
- Rwanda may have a similar app
Topics: e-waste, digital transition
The emission from server centers needs to be addressed
Supporting facts:
- Consideration needed to combine renewable energy with server centers
Topics: Server Emission, Digital Technology
The extraction of minerals for digital technology is a hidden but significant issue
Topics: Mineral Extraction, Digital Technology
Safeguards related to these issues should be considered from the inception of a national digital strategy
Supporting facts:
- Countries should consider both environmental and social aspects when creating digital strategies
- Ongoing digital readiness assessment in Tanzania
Topics: Digital Strategy, Safeguards
Partnerships and holistic approach are essential for managing environmental and digital issues
Supporting facts:
- Reina pointed out the importance of various Ministries like trade, environment, digital etc talking together
- Mentioned a platform called the Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability
Topics: Partnerships, Holistic Approach, Environmental Sustainability, Digital Technology
Report
In this analysis, the speakers delve into the potential benefits and challenges of digital technology in addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable development. They highlight the idea that digital technology can allow countries to bypass outdated environmental management and traceability methods and take a giant leap forward.
By embracing digital solutions, nations can revolutionize the way they manage their environment and ensure greater resilience in the face of challenges. The speakers also emphasize that digital transformation has the power to revolutionise the socioeconomic system. With digitalisation, operations can become ten times faster, more efficient, and scalable.
This can have a profound impact on economic growth and create opportunities for innovation and development. The potential for digital technology to drive socioeconomic progress is vast and can lead to significant advancements in various sectors. Another key point highlighted in the analysis is the role of digital technology in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
For instance, smart agriculture and energy efficiency are examples of digital applications that can contribute to mitigating climate change. Real-time data obtained through digital technology is essential for early warning systems and risk-informed planning in adaptation strategies. By leveraging digital solutions, countries can enhance their efforts to combat climate change and build resilience in the face of its impacts.
However, the speakers caution that the green transition should not leave behind those who are most affected by climate change. While digital technologies bring numerous benefits, it is important to ensure inclusivity and consider the needs of marginalised communities. Many people, especially those in developing countries, still lack access to the internet, which hampers their ability to benefit from digital advancements.
Therefore, the green transition should be integrated with the digital transition to ensure that all sectors of society can reap the benefits and address environmental challenges effectively. Access to finance for green initiatives is another area where digital technology can play a significant role.
Digital solutions can facilitate data-based trust in carbon markets and support payment for ecosystem service (PES) schemes. These schemes compensate custodians of ecosystems for their efforts in preserving the environment. By leveraging digital technology, countries can improve financial mechanisms and support the transition towards a greener economy.
The analysis also emphasises the importance of open data and data sharing policies to eliminate duplication of efforts. It highlights the need for a digital infrastructure that promotes innovative solutions and collaboration. By sharing data openly, companies and organisations can avoid unnecessary duplication of data collection efforts, improving efficiency and fostering innovation.
Additionally, the speakers stress the need to build digital technology as an ecosystem that involves various stakeholders such as governments, the private sector, academic partners, local communities, and even citizen science. For digital technology to be adopted successfully and sustainably, it needs to be a collaborative effort.
They provide examples of successful engagements, such as the partnership between the Rwanda ICT Chamber of Commerce and a village community to develop business models for supporting a cold chain. This case study illustrates the concept of a digital ecosystem in practice and highlights the benefits of involving multiple stakeholders in the adoption of digital technology.
The analysis also touches upon several environmental issues associated with the digital transition. For instance, e-waste management and the environmental impact of server centres are significant concerns. The speakers suggest that these issues should be addressed to ensure a sustainable digital transition.
Furthermore, the extraction of minerals for digital technology is deemed a hidden but significant issue that must be reckoned with in the pursuit of sustainable development. When discussing national digital strategies, the speakers stress the importance of considering both environmental and social aspects.
Safeguards related to these issues should be implemented from the inception of a digital strategy to ensure that it aligns with sustainable development principles. They cite the ongoing digital readiness assessment in Tanzania as an example of the need to consider environmental and social factors in digital strategies.
Lastly, the speakers acknowledge that addressing environmental and digital issues requires partnerships and a holistic approach. They advocate for various ministries, such as trade, environment, and digital, to work together and collaborate on solutions. The Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability is highlighted as a platform that aims to foster such partnerships and encourage diverse discussions on these critical topics.
In conclusion, the speakers in this analysis shed light on the potential benefits and challenges of digital technology in addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable development. They highlight the need to integrate digital and green transitions, ensure inclusivity, manage e-waste and server centre emissions, address mineral extraction concerns, and consider social and environmental safeguards in national digital strategies.
Partnerships and a holistic approach are seen as crucial for managing the complex intersection between digital and environmental sustainability. By embracing these ideas, countries can leverage digital technology to create a more sustainable and resilient future.
Richard Niwenshuti
Speech speed
162 words per minute
Speech length
2136 words
Speech time
790 secs
Arguments
Usage of digital tools and data for policy decisions
Supporting facts:
- Relying on the strength and the capacities of digital tools for making the right policy decisions
Topics: Policy Making, Digital Tools
Significance of speed in trade
Supporting facts:
- In trade perspective, time is cost
Topics: Digital Trade, Speed
Digital trade aligns with sustainable solutions
Supporting facts:
- Digital trade minimizes the footprints of production.
Topics: Digital Trade, Sustainable Solutions
Different countries are at different levels of digital transition, including within Africa
Supporting facts:
- Rwanda has made a pathway by heavily investing in digital infrastructure
Topics: Digital transition, Africa, Digital Infrastructure
Understanding the need to invest in technologies that optimize production before talking about trade
Supporting facts:
- Globally, growth in food prices has been attributed to low production
- Digitization can help optimize agricultural processes leading to better pricing
Topics: Technology, Production, Trade
Negotiations on digital trade policy should take into account the differing levels of transition and capabilities between countries
Supporting facts:
- Not all countries have e-commerce policies yet
- The state of play of different countries on the continent varies significantly in terms of capacities and capabilities for digital trade
Topics: WTO negotiations, Digital trade policy, E-commerce
Implementation of state-of-the-art e-waste facilities in Rwanda
Supporting facts:
- The e-waste facility in Rwanda renews electronic materials and puts away hazardous materials
- The e-waste facility in Rwanda processes around 10,000 tons in a year
Topics: e-waste, Rwanda, renewable materials
New products should be sensitive to the environment
Supporting facts:
- Companies should look at models that support taking out materials out of space
- Companies should produce items that respond to climate issues
Topics: environment, product creation, private companies
Importance of collaboration, partnerships and complementarity in digital transition and climate resilience solution
Supporting facts:
- Mention of interesting platforms that have been noted for possible pursuit
Topics: Collaboration, Partnerships, Digital Transition, Climate Resilience Solution
Understanding the role of standards in trade
Supporting facts:
- Trade now relies on meeting certain voluntary metrics
Topics: Standards, Trade
Report
The analysis highlights the crucial role of digital tools in policy making and trade. It emphasizes that relying on the strength and capacities of digital tools is essential for making the right policy decisions. Digital tools provide policymakers with access to vast amounts of data, enabling them to analyze trends, assess impacts, and develop evidence-based strategies.
This supports the argument for the usage of digital tools and data for policy decisions, which aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. In the context of trade, the analysis underscores the importance of speed. It states that in trade, time is cost.
The faster the trade process, the more efficient and cost-effective it becomes. Digital tools enable businesses to streamline their operations, automate processes, and reduce time-consuming paperwork. This highlights the significance of speed in trade, which is crucial for achieving SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.
Furthermore, the analysis also emphasizes the alignment of digital trade with sustainable solutions. It highlights that digital trade minimizes the footprints of production. By digitizing trade processes, companies can reduce their reliance on physical resources, leading to lower carbon emissions and environmental impact.
This supports the argument that digital trade can contribute to achieving SDG 13: Climate Action. The analysis recognizes that different countries are at different levels of digital transition, including within Africa. It cites the example of Rwanda, which has made significant investments in digital infrastructure and serves as a pathway for other African countries.
The argument is made that investments in digital transitions should be prioritized in Africa to avail the benefits of wider market opportunities and digital trade. There is a need for digital payments integration and digital skills development for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Africa.
Additionally, there is a desire to integrate digital tools in production chains to boost productivity, supporting SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. In terms of trade, the analysis emphasizes the need to invest in technologies that optimize production before focusing on trade.
It states that low production levels globally have attributed to the growth in food prices. Digitization can help optimize agricultural processes, leading to better pricing and increased food production, contributing to achieving SDG 2: Zero Hunger. The analysis highlights that digital tools play a key role in trading high-value products in mature markets.
It cites Rwanda’s efforts to target high-value markets that require digital precision. Digital tools help maintain the standards and criteria necessary for entering these mature markets, supporting SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. In terms of policy development, the analysis acknowledges the varying levels of transition and capabilities between countries.
It suggests that negotiations on digital trade policy should take into account these differences to ensure that policies are suitable for countries at different stages of digital transition. This underlines the need for more policy instruments and support to facilitate the transition for countries that are lagging behind in digital trade, contributing to SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.
The analysis also recognizes the importance of combating e-waste and promoting responsible consumption and production. It highlights the implementation of state-of-the-art e-waste facilities in Rwanda, where electronic materials are renewed, and hazardous materials are safely handled. This showcases the commitment to responsible consumption and production practices, supporting SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.
Regarding climate control, the analysis states that multi-sector interventions are necessary. It mentions Rwanda’s goal of reducing carbon emissions by 38 percent by 2035 and its transition to electronic mobility. This highlights the need for collaboration, partnerships, and complementarity in achieving digital transition and climate resilience solutions, aligning with SDG 13: Climate Action and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.
In terms of trade standards, the analysis acknowledges that trade now relies on meeting certain voluntary metrics. This highlights the growing importance of standards in trade and the need for businesses to meet these metrics to ensure fair and sustainable trade practices, contributing to SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities.
Overall, the analysis highlights the significance of digital tools in policy making and trade, the need for investments in digital transitions, particularly in Africa, and the alignment of digital trade with sustainable solutions. It emphasizes the importance of considering different levels of transition and capabilities in digital trade policy negotiations.
It also stresses the need for responsible consumption and production practices, multi-sector interventions for climate control, and adherence to trade standards in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Robin Michelle Zuercher
Speech speed
191 words per minute
Speech length
2055 words
Speech time
645 secs
Arguments
Green and digital transformation should work hand in hand
Supporting facts:
- Sustainable digital transformation is put on an equal footing with universal connectivity at ITU
- Dematerialization angle is crucial for sustainable production and consumption
Topics: digitalization, sustainability, green transformation
Connectivity is key to ensuring inclusivity in the digital age
Supporting facts:
- 2.6 billion people are still not connected to internet
- ITU has the mandate for universal connectivity
- ITU works on international standards for technology and networks
- ITU has established a platform to connect the most difficult to connect
Topics: Digital divide, Internet connectivity, ITU initiatives
The growing ICT industry contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and e-waste
Supporting facts:
- ICT sector greenhouse gas emissions are growing
- 53.6 million metric tons of e-waste were generated in 2019
- Estimates suggest that e-waste could grow to 110 million metric tons by 2050
Topics: ICT industry, Greenhouse gas emissions, E-waste
Moving towards a circular economy and sustainable practices is crucial
Supporting facts:
- ITU works on guidelines and capacity building tools on green data centers
- ITU helps developing countries with e-waste regulation
- ITU is developing international standards on circularity design in products and digital product passports
Topics: Circular economy, E-waste regulation, Green data centers
The standardization process needs to be inclusive by integrating different regions and perspectives.
Supporting facts:
- ITU launched ‘Bridging the Digital Standardization Gap’ program to train developing countries on how they can contribute and participate in the standards process.
Topics: Standardization, Inclusivity
Strong involvement of different communities, such as trade and environment, can enhance the process of standards development.
Supporting facts:
- World Standards Cooperation is considering a joint statement on green by design principles for all future standards involving IEC, ISO, and ITU.
Topics: Trade, Environment, Standards development
Voluntary standards take time to develop and implement but have significant benefits.
Supporting facts:
- The type C USB charger standard, based on an ITU standard from 2010, will be applicable to all tablets, mobile phones, and cameras by the end of 2024 in the EU, extended to laptops by 2026.
Topics: Voluntary standards, Standard implementation
Standards are crucial tools for building transparent and equitable markets and ensuring a level playing field for all.
Supporting facts:
- Standards are behind many common tasks, like making a phone call or listening to music
Topics: Standards, Equitable markets
The significance of the trade perspective in the green and digital agenda
Topics: Trade, Green and digital agenda
Report
The analysis of the given statements highlights several significant points related to the relationship between green and digital transformation, the importance of connectivity, the impact of the ICT industry, the role of standards, and the need for collaboration. Firstly, there is a consensus among the speakers that green and digital transformation should work hand in hand.
Digitalisation is seen as having key opportunities in climate, trade, and the circular economy. This implies that incorporating sustainable digital practices can contribute to achieving environmental goals and promoting economic growth simultaneously. Connectivity is emphasised as a crucial factor for ensuring inclusivity in the digital age.
It is stated that 2.6 billion people do not have access to the internet, and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is mandated to work towards achieving universal connectivity. This indicates that providing internet access to all communities, especially the most difficult to connect, is seen as essential for bridging the digital divide and reducing inequalities.
However, it is acknowledged that the growing ICT industry has negative implications. The sector’s greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise, and significant amounts of e-waste are being generated. Estimates suggest that e-waste could reach 110 million metric tons by 2050. The growing amount of e-waste and greenhouse gas emissions indicate that sustainable practices need to be implemented in the ICT industry to mitigate its environmental impact.
To address these challenges, speakers highlight the importance of moving towards a circular economy and adopting sustainable practices. The ITU is actively involved in developing guidelines and capacity building tools for green data centers, assisting developing countries with e-waste regulation, and working on international standards for circular design and digital product passports.
These initiatives aim to promote a circular economy and reduce the environmental impact of ICT-related activities. Collaboration and inclusivity are consistently emphasized as crucial for sustainable digital development. The ITU’s diverse membership is highlighted as an asset in ensuring inclusivity in the standard-setting process.
The ITU is also leading a collaborative initiative for green digital action at COP28, demonstrating the commitment to fostering collaboration among stakeholders. Standards play a crucial role in building transparent and equitable markets, as they provide a level playing field for all participants.
Speakers point out that standards are behind common tasks such as making phone calls or listening to music, highlighting their pervasive influence. Regulators and policymakers are encouraged to incorporate standards when forming policies to enable sustainable and circular procurement of ICTs and influence supply chain formation.
The trade perspective is recognized as significant in the green and digital agenda. Speakers emphasize the need for collaboration between the trade community and the standardization process. This suggests that involving various communities, such as trade and environment, can enhance the process of standards development and ensure a holistic approach.
In conclusion, the analysis reveals the importance of integrating green and digital transformation, ensuring connectivity for inclusivity, addressing the negative impact of the ICT industry, promoting sustainable practices and a circular economy, fostering collaboration and inclusivity in the standardization process, and considering the trade perspective.
These insights provide valuable considerations for policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders involved in the sustainable development of digital technologies.