Afternoon session
17 Dec 2025 21:00h - 23:00h
Afternoon session
Session at a glance
Summary
The 68th plenary meeting of the UN General Assembly concluded the high-level review of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Plus 20, focusing on the implementation of outcomes from the original 2005 summit. Multiple stakeholders presented statements emphasizing the critical role of digital technology in sustainable development and the persistent challenges of digital divides globally. The Africa ICT Alliance highlighted the multistakeholder nature of the information society and the need for enhanced digital cooperation, while the International Federation of Library Associations emphasized libraries as vital digital public infrastructure serving marginalized communities. Youth representatives from AI for Good Young Leaders called for meaningful participation in decision-making processes rather than symbolic inclusion, arguing that young people are not just consumers but creators and shapers of digital reality.
The Internet Society praised the multistakeholder model of internet governance and welcomed the decision to make the Internet Governance Forum permanent, while IT for Change criticized the current innovation economy as built on exploitation and called for redistributive justice in digital infrastructure. The United States expressed significant reservations about international internet governance standards and disassociated from various provisions, while developing countries through the G77 and China group lamented the absence of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. Several countries including Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Nigeria expressed reservations about gender-related language and human rights provisions that they viewed as outside WSIS’s original mandate.
Despite procedural concerns and substantive disagreements, the Assembly adopted the outcome document by consensus, establishing a framework for continued digital cooperation while scheduling the next high-level review for 2035.
Keypoints
Major Discussion Points:
– Digital divide and connectivity gaps: Multiple speakers emphasized that 2.2 billion people still lack meaningful internet access, with particular focus on bridging divides between and within countries, especially affecting developing nations, women, girls, persons with disabilities, and rural populations.
– Multi-stakeholder governance model vs. state sovereignty: There was tension between supporting the multi-stakeholder approach to internet governance (including making the Internet Governance Forum permanent) and concerns from some countries about maintaining national sovereignty and government roles in digital policy decisions.
– Youth empowerment and meaningful participation: Young leaders called for moving beyond symbolic inclusion to actual decision-making power, emphasizing that youth should be co-designers of digital policies rather than just participants, given their role as digital natives and technology creators.
– AI governance and capacity building: Discussions centered on establishing AI fellowship programs, research initiatives, and capacity building for developing countries, while addressing concerns about AI’s impact on labor, human rights, and the need for international AI governance frameworks.
– Procedural concerns and consensus challenges: Multiple delegations expressed dissatisfaction with the negotiation process, citing lack of transparency, rushed final stages, and concerns that the outcome document didn’t adequately reflect developing countries’ priorities or include principles like “common but differentiated responsibilities.”
Overall Purpose:
This was the 68th plenary meeting of the UN General Assembly conducting a high-level review of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) outcomes after 20 years, aimed at adopting a consensus outcome document to guide future digital cooperation and bridge digital divides globally.
Overall Tone:
The discussion began with a collaborative and appreciative tone as various stakeholders shared their visions and commitments. However, the tone became increasingly tense and critical during the explanations of vote, with multiple countries expressing reservations, dissociations from specific paragraphs, and frustration with the negotiation process. Despite these concerns, most delegations ultimately supported consensus adoption while clearly stating their reservations, reflecting the complex balance between multilateral cooperation and national sovereignty concerns.
Speakers
Speakers from the provided list:
– Chair – Distinguished delegates facilitator, presiding over the 68th plenary meeting of the General Assembly
– Africa ICT Alliance – Jimson Olufuye, Chair of Advisory Council of AFICTA, member of WSIS Plus 20 Informal Multistakeholder Standing Board, member of IGF Multistakeholder Advisory Group, Chair of Contemporary Consulting Limited (systems integration, software engineering, cybersecurity and research)
– International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions – Professor and librarian at the University of Illinois, representing IFLA
– AI for Good Young Leaders – Young AI leader speaking on behalf of the San Francisco Hub
– Internet Society – Representative of the Internet Society, part of the global Internet community
– IT for Change – Representative advocating for redistributive justice and alternative innovation paradigms
– United States – Distinguished representative providing explanation of position regarding WSIS Plus 20 outcome document
– Secretariat – Representative providing oral statement regarding financial implications under Rule 153 of the Rules of Procedure
– Saudi Arabia – Representative providing explanation of vote, expressing reservations on various paragraphs
– India – Representative providing explanation of vote, emphasizing developing countries’ perspectives
– Israel – Representative providing explanation of position on draft resolution, expressing concerns about process transparency
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China – Representative delivering explanation of position on behalf of the Group of 77 and China
– Russian Federation – Representative welcoming adoption while distancing from certain provisions
– Argentina – Representative distancing from 2030 Agenda and related matters
– Ukraine – Representative explaining position following adoption, expressing reservations about unilateral coercive measures
– Iran – Representative of Islamic Republic of Iran, expressing concerns about development pillar and negotiation process
– Nigeria – Representative aligning with G77 position while noting interpretation of certain terms according to national legislation
– Bangladesh – Representative emphasizing need for unprecedented measures in unprecedented times, discussing AI and tech developments
Additional speakers:
None – all speakers mentioned in the transcript are included in the provided speakers names list.
Full session report
Comprehensive Report: 68th Plenary Meeting of the UN General Assembly – WSIS Plus 20 High-Level Review
Executive Summary
The 68th plenary meeting of the UN General Assembly concluded the high-level review of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Plus 20, marking a critical juncture in global digital governance twenty years after the original 2005 summit. The session brought together diverse stakeholders to assess progress on digital development and adopt a consensus outcome document under Resolution 79-277 and Decision 80-524, despite significant reservations from multiple delegations. The meeting highlighted both achievements and persistent challenges in bridging digital divides, whilst revealing disagreements about governance models, sovereignty, and the scope of international digital cooperation. The process was co-facilitated by Her Excellency Suela Janina, Permanent Representative of Albania, and His Excellency Ekitela Lokaale, Permanent Representative of Kenya.
Opening Statements and Stakeholder Perspectives
Multi-stakeholder Engagement and Digital Cooperation
The session commenced with strong advocacy for maintaining the multi-stakeholder approach to digital governance. The Africa ICT Alliance, represented by Jimson Olufuye, emphasized that the multi-stakeholder nature of the information society remains essential for digital cooperation and sustainable development. Olufuye highlighted the critical need for enhanced digital cooperation to close digital divides and ensure no one is left behind, whilst advocating for making the Internet Governance Forum permanent as an inclusive platform for policy dialogue.
The Internet Society echoed these sentiments, praising the multi-stakeholder model as enabling effective Internet governance and connectivity solutions. Their representative noted that 2.2 billion people still lack meaningful connectivity, underscoring the urgency of addressing persistent digital divides. The organization welcomed the decision to make the Internet Governance Forum permanent, viewing it as the main venue for multi-stakeholder Internet governance work.
Libraries as Digital Public Infrastructure
The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions presented a compelling case for recognizing libraries as vital digital public infrastructure. Their representative argued that libraries serve as global digital public infrastructure, with the content they collect, preserve, and share representing a significant public good. The organization emphasized libraries’ critical role in serving marginalized communities and posed a direct challenge to stakeholders: “How can you, in your future work to implement the WSIS agenda, partner with IFLA, and better mobilize your libraries?”
Youth Empowerment and Meaningful Participation
A particularly powerful intervention came from the AI for Good Young Leaders representative, who fundamentally challenged traditional approaches to youth engagement. Moving beyond symbolic inclusion, they argued that young people should transition from participation to decision-making roles in digital policy. The representative emphasized that youth are creators of digital reality, not merely consumers of technology, delivering a memorable call to action: “Don’t just engage youth. Empower your youth. Give us a seat where decisions are made, and we will help build an inclusive, just, safe, and sustainable digital future that we see as promised for us all.”
Critical Perspectives on Digital Innovation
IT for Change provided one of the most provocative critiques of the current digital paradigm. Their representative argued that the current innovation economy is built on dispossession and dehumanization, calling for an alternative paradigm focused on redistributive justice. They painted a stark picture of digital exploitation: “A worker in India folds hand towels hundreds of times a day with a camera mounted on their head, generating training data for an AI that will never problem-solve for their embedded reality. This is the platformization of work, a story of precarity and indignity of data labour.”
The organization called for an international AI constitution based on global democracy and a technology assessment mechanism, fundamentally challenging the current AI expansion that prioritizes corporate interests over climate and human concerns.
Government Positions and Explanations of Vote
United States: Reservations on International Governance
The United States delivered a comprehensive explanation of position, expressing serious reservations about multiple aspects of the outcome document while not calling for a vote. The US representative stated: “The United States has serious reservations about international organizations setting a standard that legitimizes international governance of the Internet… We oppose references to the Global Digital Compact, Summit for the Future, and Independent International Scientific Panel on AI.”
The United States opposed what it viewed as bureaucratic approaches to AI governance and expressed concerns about threats to freedom of speech, including references to disinformation and hate speech. The delegation argued that economic sanctions are legitimate tools for addressing threats to peace and security, contrasting with developing countries’ positions on unilateral coercive measures.
Developing Countries’ Collective Concerns
Iraq, speaking on behalf of the Group of 77 and China, delivered a comprehensive critique of the outcome document’s adequacy for developing countries. The delegation regretted “the absence of an explicit mention of a principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,” arguing that this omission weakened the development aspect of the declaration and overlooked structural disparities in capacities and resources among countries.
The Group of 77 and China expressed particular concern about the diluted language regarding unilateral coercive measures, arguing it was inadequate to address the negative impacts of such measures on digital development. They also criticized the lack of transparency in final negotiations, which caused procedural concerns about the legitimacy of the process.
National Sovereignty and Cultural Context Concerns
Several countries emphasized the need to respect national sovereignty and cultural contexts in digital governance. Saudi Arabia expressed reservations on various paragraphs, particularly regarding sexual and reproductive health references, which they viewed as outside WSIS’s scope. The delegation emphasized states’ rights to formulate regulatory frameworks according to their cultural contexts and national priorities.
Argentina distanced itself from the 2030 Agenda and related matters, specifically distancing itself from mandates outside WSIS scope, including gender focus. Iran argued that the introduction of human rights elements went beyond the agreed WSIS mandate and that the document weakened the development pillar by failing to translate objectives into concrete commitments. Nigeria aligned with the G77 position whilst noting that references to sexual and gender-based violence would be interpreted according to national norms and legislation.
Procedural Transparency Concerns
Multiple delegations criticized the negotiation process for lack of transparency. India noted that whilst the document reaffirmed the WSIS vision, it could have been more ambitious on means of implementation, and the negotiation process could have been more transparent and organized. Israel expressed concerns about the final negotiation process lacking transparency and proper organization, calling for more transparent and less politicized processes going forward.
Iran characterized the final stage as marked by a lack of transparency and inclusive framework, reflecting broader concerns about multilateral negotiation processes in digital governance.
Financial Implications and Implementation Framework
The Secretariat provided an oral statement regarding financial implications under Rule 153 of the Rules of Procedure. Total resource requirements of $1,429,100 were allocated for implementation activities, broken down as follows:
– Department for General Assembly and Conference Management: $153,200
– Department for Economic and Social Affairs: $1,266,400 (including six posts: one D1, one P5, one P3, one P2, and two general service positions)
– Department for Global Communications: $5,500
– UN Office in Geneva: $4,000
The Secretariat noted that resource requirements depend on the availability of adequate liquidity. The establishment of a financial task force was agreed upon, though developing countries argued it needed more concrete recommendations. A high-level meeting was planned for 2035, with cost implications to be determined later. The document also established an AI Capacity Building Fellowship programme for government officials, which India welcomed as potentially benefiting Global South countries.
Key Areas of Consensus and Persistent Disagreements
Areas of Broad Agreement
Despite procedural concerns, several areas of consensus emerged. There was broad support for multi-stakeholder approaches to digital governance, though with different interpretations of implementation. All stakeholders acknowledged the persistent challenge of digital divides, with universal recognition that enhanced digital cooperation is needed to close these gaps. Strong support emerged for making the Internet Governance Forum permanent as a key venue for inclusive multi-stakeholder dialogue.
Fundamental Disagreements
Significant disagreements persisted on core issues. A fundamental divide emerged between those supporting international governance approaches and those advocating for multi-stakeholder models with limited government intervention. Multiple countries argued that human rights elements—particularly those related to gender, sexual health, and reproductive rights—fell outside the original WSIS mandate and should be interpreted according to national laws and cultural contexts.
Sharp differences emerged on economic sanctions and coercive measures, with the United States and Ukraine defending such measures as legitimate tools, while developing countries argued they negatively impact technology access and digital development. Content regulation and free speech protections remained contentious, with the United States arguing for broad speech protections while other countries expressed concern about misinformation and disinformation.
Innovative Perspectives and Future Challenges
The discussion featured several thought-provoking interventions that challenged conventional thinking. Bangladesh called for “unprecedented measures in unprecedented times of technological change,” emphasizing the need for new approaches to governance as “tech transcendence, technosyn, and tech singularity are on the horizon.”
Several critical issues remain unresolved following the adoption. Enhanced cooperation among governments on Internet governance remains undefined and unimplemented, despite being a longstanding concern of developing countries. Concrete mechanisms to address the negative impacts of unilateral coercive measures are lacking. The role and accountability of large technology companies require clearer definition, and approaches to misinformation and disinformation lack clear consensus among member states.
The intersection of WSIS with other UN processes—including the Global Digital Compact, AI for Good, and Pact for the Future—requires coordination, as highlighted by Bangladesh’s observation that these four processes will intersect in the coming months.
Conclusion and Future Outlook
The 68th plenary meeting successfully adopted the WSIS Plus 20 outcome document by consensus, establishing a framework for continued digital cooperation and scheduling the next high-level review for 2035. However, the consensus masked substantial reservations from multiple delegations, suggesting implementation challenges ahead.
The discussion revealed that whilst there is broad agreement on fundamental principles like multi-stakeholder governance and bridging digital divides, deep divisions exist on cultural and social issues, the role of international governance, and the balance between development needs and sovereignty concerns. The criticism of negotiation transparency from various delegations suggests systemic challenges in multilateral digital governance processes.
Moving forward, the success of WSIS implementation will depend on addressing these unresolved tensions whilst building on areas of genuine consensus. The recognition that there is no one-size-fits-all model for digital development, combined with respect for national priorities and cultural contexts, may provide a pathway for pragmatic cooperation despite philosophical differences. The session ultimately demonstrated both the potential and limitations of multilateral approaches to digital governance, with implementation likely to be fragmented as countries interpret and apply the outcomes according to their own frameworks.
Session transcript
Distinguished delegates, the 68th plenary meeting of the General Assembly is called to order. The Assembly will continue its high-level meeting on the overall review of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society. The Assembly will continue to hear the statements in the plenary in accordance with Resolution 79-277 and Decision 80-524 taken at the 66th plenary meeting.
Speakers are reminded that statements are limited to three minutes. Having said this, I would like to appeal to all speakers to deliver their statements at a reasonable pace to facilitate implementation, interpretation into six official languages. I now give the floor to the representative of Africa ICT Alliance.
Your Excellencies, Delegates, Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen, My name is Jimson Olufuye, one of the members of the WSIS Plus 20 Informal Multistakeholder Standing Board and also a member of the IGF Multistakeholder Advisory Group.
I am also the Chair of the Contemporary Consulting Limited based in Abuja, Nigeria. We do systems integration, software engineering, cybersecurity and research. I also have the privilege of being the Chair of the Advisory Council of the Africa ICT Alliance, AFICTA.
AFICTA is a private sector-led alliance of ICT associations, companies, and individual stakeholders across Africa. It was founded in 2012 with six countries, and we are now in more than 40 countries in Africa. Our vision is to fulfill the promise of the digital age for everyone in Africa.
And as a matter of fact, the WSIS inspired the formation of AFICTA. I would like to congratulate Your Excellencies Ambassador Suela Janina of Albania and Ekitela Lokaale of Kenya, the UNDESA, Member States, their colleagues in IMSB, and stakeholders around the world for the success of the 20-year review of the WSIS, which especially will be coming out with a consensus outcome document.
It has been a painstaking work for the global community. Your Excellencies, the WSIS started with the recognition of the multistakeholder nature of the information society, and I’m happy to know that it remains so, as evidenced by the creation of the IMSB. I only hope that the momentum is sustained.
Our gathering today is a testimony to the need for enhanced digital cooperation for sustainable development. In the age of AI, the need for interoperable data governance, online security, and the respect of human rights, it is imperative that we all work together as one family to close the digital divides in and among our countries and release resources for increased digitalization, digital literacy, and connectivity so that no one is left behind.
The agreement to make the impactful internet governance forum permanent is evidence of our collective vision and commitment to advancing our one common humanity. As it has grown to over 170 national and regional initiatives, including the youth, it is a veritable platform to review the WSIS and GDC to avoid duplications at the national, sub-regional, and regional level.
The recently concluded Nigeria Internet Governance Forum demonstrated this, that we can have one platform to handle these reviews. I would like to use the opportunity to commend Nigeria for organizing Africa’s first truly multistakeholder delegation to the UN General Assembly. Finally, I would like to thank the President of the General Assembly, Her Excellency Ms.
Annalena Baerbock for the opportunity to speak on this platform. Thank you.
I thank the representative of Africa ICT Alliance. I now give the floor to the representative of International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.
I thank the representative of International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. I now give the floor to the representative of AI for Good Young Leaders.
Excellencies and delegates, I am here today as a young AI leader, speaking on behalf of the San Francisco Hub, not as a future stakeholder, but as a present partner in building information society. The outcome document before us today, while not perfect, presents a people-centered vision of a future of this society, and recognizes the effective participation of all stakeholders, including youth, has been and remains a vital part to achieving this vision.
We see this as a long-championed, multi-stakeholder cooperation, but recognition is not the same as empowerment. For young people, digital isn’t a policy topic. It’s our classrooms, our workplaces, our communities.
It’s where our identities are shaped, and the lens through which we view the world, for better or for worse. We grew up together with the internet, and understand its opportunities and dangers better than anyone. So we are not here for symbolic inclusion.
We are here for a shared ownership of digital future being shaped in this hall. What we ask is not only practical, but necessary, if the internet is to live up to its promises as a tool for the betterment of society, and not its detriment. Move from youth participation to youth decision shaping.
Fund programs for young people in countries across the world. Build youth seats into the action line implementation, and treat youth as co-designers of the policy that will govern our digital lives. Because youth are not only impacted by digital policy, we are creators of the digital reality these policies seek to govern.
We are the earliest adopters, most consistent users of this new technology. We are the builders and the debuggers, the ones who translate new tools into everyday life, at school, at work, in our communities. There are many who view us as just consumers, potential buyers of this new technology.
And to them I say yes, we are, but we are also much more. We are trailblazers, catalysts who shape how technology spreads, how norms form, and how innovation becomes commonplace. Young AI leaders, an organization I’m part of, is helping lead the way in mobilizing a global, localized help-to-help portfolio of youth-led work because we see both the promise of AI, along with its disruption, and those who are left behind.
In San Francisco, our work on AI and mental health is grounded on a simple principle. The future of AI requires not just innovation, but also justice. Excellencies, if policies are written about young people, without young people, we should not be surprised when they fail young people, when they miss how platforms are actually being used, how harms are actually spread, and where opportunities truly lie.
So today, as you move towards adoption, hear us clearly. Our work does not end today with the adoption of this document. It is just the beginning, and no group has more stake and more potential to carry this forward than the generation that will live with these decisions the longest.
Don’t just engage youth. Empower your youth. Give us a seat where decisions are made, and we will help build an inclusive, just, safe, and sustainable digital future that we see as promised for us all.
Thank you.
I thank the representative of the AI for Good Young Leaders. I now give the floor to the representative of the Internet Society.
Madam President, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates and Colleagues. I am honored to speak on behalf of the Internet Society, one of the many stakeholders that make up the global Internet community. We commend this Assembly for recognizing the borderless and collaborative nature of the Internet in the text in front of us.
It is an acknowledgment of the physical reality that networks must interoperate in order to function. And it is an affirmation of the multi-stakeholder model of Internet governance that has so effectively served our collective goals throughout the decades. Thank you.
In bringing together the best expertise from governments, academia, civil society, industry, and the technical community, we have been able to build and maintain a network that has helped countries experience historic economic growth and opportunities.
But our work is far from done. 2.2 billion people still lack meaningful connectivity. They depend on the Internet for economic growth and access to public services, education, and health care.
They need the Internet to participate in the digital society indeed. We collectively must end their wait. The multi-stakeholder model allows people and organizations to bring the Internet to hard-to-reach communities.
It helps shape enabling policy environments. that accelerate connectivity. It makes high quality, open standards, open data, and open source technology available to everyone.
And it enables us to learn from one another and identify solutions to some of the most stubborn and harmful digital challenges of our times. Within the UN system, the Internet Governance Forum serves as a main venue for this work. Open, non-binding, and inclusive by design, it helps all of us shape the Internet and digital policies for the betterment of society.
Within the IGF, stakeholders bridge the gap between high level diplomacy and ground level implementation, allowing local needs to shape global deliberations. The Internet Society is a proud, long-standing funder and participant in not just the global IGF, but also more than 180 national, regional, sub-regional, youth IGFs, as well as Internet Governance Schools worldwide.
We do that to ensure that the future of the Internet Governance remains in steady, but collaborative hands. We should all be proud of what we have built together. Let us continue our important work, making sure that the future of the global Internet is written by those committed to making it a force for good, for everyone, everywhere.
Thank you very much.
I thank the representative of Internet Society. I now give the floor to the representative of IT for Change.
Esteemed Delegates, the WSIS Geneva Declaration articulates the abiding values of digital society, underlining that technology and innovation are but instruments, and their purpose at all times is to foster social well-being and human rights.
The data and AI blitzkrieg has rewritten the script. We are now enamored and our cognition enslaved by the heady wares of platform capitalism. People and planet are now instruments for innovation, and we have indeed lost this plot.
Consider this. A worker in India folds hand towels hundreds of times a day with a camera mounted on their head, generating training data for an AI that will never problem-solve for their embedded reality. This is the platformization of work, a story of precarity and indignity of data labor.
An estimated 96% of global deepfakes are non-consensual intimate content targeting women and girls, yet generative AI is heralded as an unequivocal story of civilizational success. As overall emissions and water usage skyrocket due to AI infrastructure, the most powerful corporations have simply walked away from their carbon neutrality commitments. The feverish race for AI expansion trumps even existential climate threats.
This tragically is our innovation economy built on disposition, dehumanization, and disenfranchisement. But people from the south are reclaiming the internet and its promise. They are resisting the new epoch of data extractivism, saying no to unjust trade deals.
They are calling for an embodied and embedded knowledge society and a return of innovation to the edges, where the digital commons thrives with digital public infrastructures. Respected colleagues, it is time to affirm this alternative imagination. Another innovation paradigm, south-led, decentralized, small, agentic is possible.
It hinders on concrete actions for redistributive justice, contributions for digital infrastructure from major transaction levies on technology companies, respect for the right of all countries to tax cross-border digital services, and reform of international trade.
It needs a new normative framework for AI, an international AI constitution predicated on global democracy, and a global technology assessment mechanism to govern all emerging technologies. We close our contribution with a big thank you to the WSIS Action Line holders. The wealth of networks belongs to the people.
Let us pledge to restore it. Thank you.
I thank the representative of IT for Change. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United States.
As the world’s largest digital and technology market, the United States wishes to issue our explanation of position regarding the WSIS Plus 20 outcome document. We reiterate our support for advancing technology, innovation, and connectivity in an increasingly connected world. A free, open, and multi-stakeholder approach to advancing information technology systems is imperative to this important work.
Although we did not call a vote, the United States has reservations regarding the outcome document. First and foremost, the United States has serious reservations about international organizations setting a standard that legitimizes international governance of the Internet. Specifically, we oppose references to the Global Digital Compact.
Summit for the Future, and Independent International Scientific Panel on AI. The United States strongly supports a multi-stakeholder model of Internet governance that embraces innovation, preserves sovereignty, protects fundamental rights, and grows the modern digital economy. AI is set to define the future of economic growth, national security, and global competitiveness.
It is our collective responsibility to ensure this technology benefits all of our fellow and future citizens. This will not be accomplished through more bureaucracy, for instance, the AI fellowship and research program called for in this resolution. We are concerned by any stated or implied suggestion of threats to freedom of speech and expression, including references to disinformation, misinformation, and hate speech.
All speech, even audio speech, should be protected. The protection of intellectual property provides critical incentives needed to drive the innovation. The United States underscores the importance of regulatory and other legal environments that support innovation on voluntary and mutually agreed terms.
This resolution unnecessarily advances divisive social themes such as climate change, gender, diversity, equity, and inclusion, and right to development. On unilateral coercive measures, we underscore that economic sanctions are lawful, legitimate, important, appropriate, and effective tools for responding to malign activity and addressing threats to peace and security.
Additionally, in Paragraph 5, the United States interprets, quote, countries and territories under foreign occupation, end quote, as being situation dependent. Finally, the United States understands that this resolution does not create or otherwise change any rights or obligations for states under international law. As such, the United States now disassociates from any language in the outcome document that is contrary to the positions outlined above.
We welcome the opportunity to work collaboratively, build consensus-based solutions, advance the UN’s core mission, and ensure the UN can deliver practical, tangible results. Thank you.
I thank the distinguished representative of the United States. Distinguished delegates, we have heard the last speaker in the plenary. The Assembly will now proceed to consider Draft Resolution A-80-L41, entitled, Outcome Document of the High-Level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Overall Review of the Implementation of the Outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society.
I now give the floor to the representative of the Secretariat.
Thank you, Mr. President. The present oral statement is made in the context of Rule 153 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly.
The present statement has also been distributed to Member States. The requests referred to in Operative Paragraphs 99 and 103 of the Draft Resolution would entail additional activities for the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management for $153,200, the Department for Economic and Social Affairs for $1,266,400, including six posts, one at D1, one at P5, one at P3, one at P2, and two general service at that level, as well as the Department for Global Communications for $5,500, and the United Nations Office in Geneva for $4,000, not including staff assessment.
Please refer to Annex 1 of this statement. Under Paragraph 127, the General Assembly would request the General Assembly to hold a high-level meeting on the overall review of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society in 2035, involving the input and participation of all stakeholders, including in the preparatory process, to take stock of progress and concerning the outcomes of the World Summit and identify areas of continued focus.
With regard to the high-level meeting contained in Paragraph 127 of the draft resolution, in the absence of modalities for the meeting, it is not possible at the present time to estimate the potential cost implications of the requirements of the meeting.
When the format, scope, and modalities of the meeting are determined, the Secretary-General would assess the budgetary implications and advise the General Assembly in accordance with Rule 153 of the Rules of Procedure of the Assembly.
Furthermore, once modalities are known in accordance with established practice, the date of the meeting would be determined in consultation with the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management.
In this regard, reference is made to Operative Paragraph 11 of General Assembly Resolution 69/ 250, and subsequent resolutions, the most recent of which is Resolution 79/248 of 24 December 2024, in which Assembly invited Member States to include in new legislative mandates adequate information on modalities for organization of conferences or meetings.
Should the General Assembly adopt Draft Resolution L41, the resource requirements for 2027 and thereafter would be presented in the proposed program budgets for the respective years for consideration of the General Assembly.
The Secretariat also wishes to inform the General Assembly that its ability to implement the mandates would depend on the availability of adequate liquidity resources. Thank you, Mr. President.
I thank the representative of the Secretariat. Distinguished delegates, we will now hear explanations of vote before the vote. Before giving the floor for explanations of vote before the vote, may I remind the delegations that they are strongly urged to limit explanations of vote to five minutes, which should not in any case exceed ten minutes and be made from their seats.
I now give the floor to the representative of Saudi Arabia.
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. In the name of God, the merciful, the compassionate, Mr. President, at the outset, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia welcomes the adoption of the outcome document of the comprehensive review of the implementation of the outcomes of WSIS plus 20 and expresses our appreciation for the efforts made by the delegations of the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kenya in facilitating the negotiations.
The Kingdom reaffirms its commitment to continue the implementation of the summit’s outcomes in a manner that contributes to building an inclusive, secure and people-centred information society. In this context, the Kingdom underscores the importance of the pivotal role of information and communications technology in supporting digital transformation, bridging the digital divide, enhancing innovation and empowering societies and helping them to achieve balanced digital development that takes into account differing levels of readiness among countries and respects their national priorities, while emphasising the importance of international cooperation and the exchange of expertise in the areas of internet governance, artificial intelligence, digital infrastructure, trust building and cyber security.
The Kingdom at the same time stresses the need to respect national sovereignty, ensure flexibility in digital policies and uphold the rights of states to formulate their regulatory and technical frameworks in line with their national systems and their cultural and social contexts.
We support the paragraphs of the Tunis Programme of Action of 2005 with regard to the governance of the internet. And with regard to the role and responsibilities of government for international management of the Internet, in order to ensure the stability and sustainability, governments must adopt policies in this regard for all stakeholders.
Governments must meet their obligations and their role in the area of general international policy. The Kingdom expresses its reservations regarding a number of paragraphs contained in the outcome document that are not consistent with national policies or international consensus or which move away from consensus, which is the basis for the success of the summit.
And in this regard, we would like to express our reservation with regard to sexual violence and gender-based violence, sexual and reproductive health and protection from infectious diseases, contained in paragraphs 11, 38 and 79, as these fall outside the agreed thematic scope and framework of the WSIS, which focuses on leveraging information and communications technology to support sustainable development, build the information society and bridge the digital divide.
The document also refers to the Convention and International Declaration, so to which the Kingdom is not a party, which may give the impression that there are obligations which are not based on international or national legal frameworks existing for the Kingdom.
In this regard, the Kingdom affirms that any such references do not create new legal obligations and shall not be interpreted in a manner that constrains its established positions or commitments. in line with the principle of national sovereignty and respect for applicable legal frameworks. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia also would like to record its reservation regarding the use of the term community networks in paragraphs 27 and 64 due to the absence of a clear and internationally agreed definition from the ITU on this and because these issues were not discussed at the summit.
In conclusion the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reaffirms its support for the goals of the World Summit on the Information Society within the framework of full respect for state sovereignty, cultural diversity and the plurality of digital and developmental models.
The Kingdom will continue to play its constructive role in supporting international efforts aimed at enhancing the use of technology as a tool for empowerment, capacity building and the achievement of a more inclusive and secure digital free future for all and we ask that this statement be recorded in the records of the session.
Peace and the mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you. Thank you.
I thank the representative of Saudi Arabia. I now give the floor to the representative of India.
Mr. President, After months of consultations involving member states and other stakeholders we’re finally at the finish line of what has felt like a race against time. India has actively and constructively engaged in the negotiation of the outcome document of the WSIS plus 20 until the very last moment and although the text is not ideal we acknowledge that outcomes emerging from multilateral negotiations seldom satisfy all parties equally.
However it has been our endeavor as a delegation to ensure that developing countries are not left more disadvantaged than other groups and upon taking stock of the document it is our understanding that this process could have been handled in a more transparent and organized manner.
I wish to clarify, however, that India does appreciate that the document reaffirms the original WSIS vision of an inclusive and development-oriented information society and situates digital cooperation firmly within the framework of the 2030 Agenda, the Global Digital Compact, and the Pact for the Future.
From India’s perspective, a key strength of the outcome is its clear recognition that digital transformation must serve sustainable development and reduce inequalities, not deepen them. The outcome document rightly acknowledges the persistent digital divides between and within countries, particularly affecting developing countries, women and girls, persons with disabilities, rural populations, and other disadvantaged sections of the society, and calls for strengthened international cooperation to address these gaps.
We appreciate the attempt to address gaps in AI capacity through the establishment of an AI Capacity Building Fellowship for government officials and research programs, which could be a game-changer for the Global South countries in their development journeys.
We call for further deepening of international cooperation on AI capacity building, especially for the Global South, where these capacities are most lacking. India particularly welcomes the recognition of digital public infrastructure and digital public goods as critical enablers of inclusive digital transformation. The acknowledgement that there is no one-size-fits-all model and that countries must develop digital systems in line with national priorities and capacities reinforces the importance of policy space, national ownership, and context-specific pathways for digital development.
India also takes note with appreciation of the decision to recognize that Internet governance must continue to be a global and multi-stakeholder in nature and make the Internet Governance Forum a permanent forum of the UN.
This is an important step towards strengthening inclusive multi-stakeholder dialogue on Internet governance. ensure more predictable participation by developing countries. The emphasis on broadening engagement from underrepresented regions and communities is particularly relevant.
While India supports the multi-stakeholder approach of the IGF, we emphasize inclusive participation of developing countries and the primary role of states in the global decision-making process on business issues.
The text could have addressed this element in a better and clearer fashion if only the process had been more transparent and better organized. India also believes that the document could have been more ambitious on means of implementation. While financing needs, capacity constraints and technology gaps are clearly recognized, commitments on predictable, concessional and additional financing as well as on effective technology transfer and capacity building for developing countries and ICT development remain largely procedural and deferred to future assessments.
Bridging digital divides at scale will require moving more decisively from recognition to delivery. India also regrets that an explicit mention of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities was not included in this document. CBDR is a well-established principle within the UN system that is especially relevant to global digital transformations.
The omission of this principle dilutes the development aspect of the document and ignores the structural disparities in capacities and resources among countries, particularly when WSIS is expected to serve as a framework to support digital equity and bridge technological divides.
This is a dangerous precedent that India will strongly oppose in future processes. Additionally, India also believes that the outcome document could have more clearly reflected the importance of preventing the misuse of online anonymity for malicious and unlawful activities. In our view, confidence, trust and security in ICTs are best strengthened through approaches that enhance user safety and accountability while carefully balancing privacy protections and the respect for human rights.
rights. Yet, India views the WSIS plus 20 outcome as delivering important, if limited, gains for the global south while reaffirming support to global digital cooperation. India therefore joins consensus on this document and encourages others to do the same.
I thank you.
I thank the representative of India. I now give the floor to the representative of Israel.
Thank you, Honorable Chair. We already gave our national statement yesterday, so I will just address the action in front of us. Israel would like to provide an explanation of its position on draft resolution 80L41 on the outcome document of WSIS.
While we came to celebrate WSIS today, our negotiation process was anything but a cause of celebration, reflecting a deeply divided world. In spite of the outcome, I want to acknowledge the work and thank the co-facilitators, Kenya and Albania, for their efforts. I regret that the final leg of the process was not transparent and did not reflect the spirit of negotiations we would have liked to see here at the UN.
The final stage was slow bias, incompetence, and the lack of transparency. We know the usual arguments that consensus does not mean agreement, and if no one is happy, it means that we did a good job, etc., etc. Yet in this case, reaching that desired consensus did not contribute to building trust, neither between member states nor with the UN Secretariat.
I also want to say something about the overused argument of agreed language in negotiations. The UN is not the same UN we had 10 years ago and 20 years ago when we negotiated WSIS plus 10. At that time, we adopted the SDGs and were a bit more optimistic about the UN.
Unfortunately, we had to learn the hard way about the impact of false narratives that are repeated time and time again in different forms of the UN. Our words here matter, and go well beyond these walls. There are strong movements today that feed on these false narratives and member states that benefit from spreading them.
With that said, Israel would like to disassociate from the terminology used in preamble or paragraph five, viewing it as inappropriate reference within the text. While we support the values at the heart of WSIS, the only reason this is added to the text is to attack my country. For the above reasons, Mr.
President, my delegation is obligated to call for a more transparent and less politicized process going forward. Please include our statement in the official records of this meeting. I thank you.
I thank the representative of Israel. Distinguished delegates, we have heard the last speaker in explanation of vote before the vote. The assembly will now take a decision on the draft resolution A stroke 80 stroke L41, entitled Outcome Document of the High Level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Overall Review of the Implementation of the Outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society.
May I take it that the assembly decides to adopt the draft resolution A stroke 80 stroke L41. It is so decided. Distinguished delegates, we will now hear explanation of vote after the vote.
Before giving the floor, I would like to remind you that the assembly will now take a decision on the draft resolution A stroke 80 stroke L41, entitled Outcome Document of the High Level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Overall Review of the Implementation of the High Level Meeting of the for explanation of vote after the vote, may I remind the delegations that they are strongly urged to limit the explanation of vote to five minutes, which should in any case not exceed 10 minutes and be made from their seats.
I now give the floor to the representative of Iraq to speak on behalf of Group of 77 and China.
Thank you, Mr. Vice President, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. I have the honor to deliver this explanation of position on behalf of the Group of 77 and China.
The Group of 77 and China welcomes the constructive efforts that contributed to the adoption of this strategic document while expressing its regret that the adopted text did not adequately reflect the number of core concerns of developing countries, both in terms of substance and with regard to the procedural approach through which the final phase of the negotiations was conducted.
The group regrets the absence of an explicit mention of a principle of common but differentiated responsibilities a well established principle within the United Nations system that is especially relevant to the global digital transformations.
The omission of this principle was weakened the development aspect of the declaration and overlooked the structural disparities in capacities and resources among countries, particularly when WSIS is expected to serve as a framework.
to support digital equity and bridge technological divides. We also hoped for a more ambitious and action-oriented text on financial mechanisms to close all digital divides and ensure meaningful connectivity for developing countries. While we welcome the establishment of a financial task force, we urge its work to be purpose-driven and concrete, including recommendations and best practices on new, innovative and inclusive financial mechanisms, as well as increased access to these for developing countries at risk of getting left further behind.
The group considers that references to unilateral coercive measures were diluted as they failed to reflect the real negative impacts of such measures on access to technology, knowledge transfer and digital capacity building in developing countries.
Reliance on general formulation does not address the actual challenges these measures pose to inclusive digital development efforts. The group expressed concern over the absence of a clear approach to misinformation and disinformation despite the direct threats they pose to social cohesion, public trust and democratic systems, as well as to a stability of the digital space in many developing countries.
The group is of the view that overlooking this challenge undermines a key element in building a safe and trustworthy information society. We also regret that the language regarding the intergovernmental segment for dialogue among governments has been weakened. Additionally, the specific reporting requests from the group on closing digital divides and on impacts of automation and AI on labor and employment were not reflected in the final text.
We call on all relevant action line facilitators and UNGIS to deliver greater impact and more relevant work in the implementation of the WSIS framework for developing countries, as addressing these issues is crucial to achieving the SDGs and the vision of WSIS of a people-centered and development-oriented information society.
The Group of Citizens in China stressed that the lack of transparency is the final stage of the negotiation process caused doubts with the group regarding the procedural approach. The group believes that transparency and equal sharing of information among all members are essential prerequisites for ensuring collective and balanced ownership of the adopted outcomes. The Group of Citizens in China stressed that its participation in the adoption session does not necessarily mean satisfaction with all elements of the declaration, but rather reflects its commitment to multilateralism and its determination to maintain the unity of the United Nations process, while clearly recording its substantive and procedural reservations, it hopes these reservations will be duly considered during the follow-up and implementation phases.
I thank you.
I thank the Distinguished Representative of Iraq. I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of the Russian Federation.
Thank you, Mr. President. The Russian Federation welcomes the adoption of the Resolution on the Implementation of the World Summit on the Information Society.
We would like to note that the document reflects important overarching ideas. These include the need to bridge the digital divide, enhancing digital capacity, the inacceptability of illegitimate unilateral measures that are adopted while circumventing international law and the UN Charter.
At the same time, the Russian Federation cannot stand in solidarity with some provisions, namely provisions that have to do with controversial concepts of information integrity, which are drawn up and promoted without the consent of member states.
Furthermore, we cannot support the broadening of the mandate of the OHCHR to the digital sphere. We’d like to recall that the office was not in the initial list of UN entities that was responsible for the implementation of the agreements. of OASIS.
We see no need to change this situation, and considering the expert capacity in other special institutions that have the appropriate mandates, considering what I’ve said, the Russian Federation distances itself from paragraph 77, 78, and 119 of the outcome document, and we will not consider ourselves bound by their provisions.
I’d like to avail myself of the right to write a reply here, and so doing, the Russian Federation roundly rejects what we’ve heard today, that is, baseless accusations coming from Ukraine. We wish to point out that issues of international peace and security, including in terms of ICTs, fall under the competency of other UN bodies. We regret the fact that the Ukrainians, instead of engaging in substantive discussion about the scope of WSIS, intended to politicize the professional discussion taking place in this hall.
We would like to note that the Ukrainian representatives didn’t appear at any of the consultations on the review document WSIS Plus 20. In so doing, they confirmed their complete lack of interest in global efforts to bridge the digital divide. Judging by all of this, such constructive steps aren’t among the priorities of Ukrainian diplomacy.
Going forward, we urge them to refrain from biased anti-Russian attacks and to adhere to the topic under discussion. I thank you for your attention.
I thank the representative of Russian Federation. I now give the floor to the representative of Argentina.
Thank you, President. The Argentinian delegation would like to thank the coordinators in helping to prepare this important document as well as the work done at the global summit of WSIS. At the same time, the Argentinian delegation would like to distance itself from the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact and other related matters contained in the text, as well as those mentioned which introduce mandates which are not under the WSIS mandate, particularly the gender focus and wording with regard to misinformation, disinformation or hate speech or other sexual agendas within that framework.
We distance ourselves from them. And finally, Argentina doesn’t agree with governance that limits sovereignty and the ability of governments to arrange their productive forces as they see fit. Thank you very much.
I thank Argentina. I now give the floor to Ukraine.
Thank you, Mr. President. Ukraine would like to explain its position following the adoption of the resolution on the outcome document of WSIS.
We welcome the adoption of the resolution and we wish to express once again our sincere appreciation to the co-facilitators for their dedicated efforts. and delivering the outcome document. We welcome the outcome document’s strong reaffirmation of people’s central right-based approach to information society, its emphasis on closing digital divides, advancing meaningful connectivity, promoting gender equality, and safeguarding human rights online.
At the same time, we have to put on record our reservation with regard to the paragraph 52 referring to unilateral coercive measures. Our delegation believes that restrictive measures are a legitimate foreign policy tool when adopted in accordance with international law. They are necessary in the face of clear violations of international law or actions jeopardizing international peace and security.
Thank you, Mr. President.
I thank the representative of Ukraine. I now give the floor to the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Thank you, Mr. President, for the floor. Mr.
President, the Islamic Republic of Iran attaches great importance to the World Summit on Information Society, WSIS, as a development-driven multilateral process anchored in the Geneva and Tunis outcomes.
In view of the importance of the document, the Islamic Republic of Iran joined the consensus while placing on record its position and considerations as set out below. Our explanation of the position reflects serious concerns regarding a number of substantive paragraphs that lack consensus as well as the unprecedented inclusion for the first time in the WSIS process of a new section that was not agreed upon, resulting in the dilution of the development pillar.
It also expresses our dissatisfaction with the negotiation process itself, during the final week, marked by a lack of transparency and an inclusive, predictable negotiation framework. The Geneva Declaration defines the WSIS as a development-oriented process focused on development, poverty eradication, equitable access to knowledge, technology transfer, and financial support for developing countries.
The outcome document weakens this pillar by failing to translate these objectives into concrete commitments and by diverting attention from core development priorities. Mr. President, Tunisia’s Agenda mandates enhanced cooperation among governments on an equal footing in international Internet-related public policy.
The outcome document instead treats the IGF as a substitute rather than a complement, giving enhanced cooperation, undefined and unimplemented, and perpetuating structural imbalance affecting developing countries.
Geneva and Tunisia both recognize structural barriers to participation faced by developing countries. The outcome document merely acknowledges these constraints without establishing predictable support mechanisms, thereby sustaining existing inequalities. Mr.
President, neither the Geneva nor the Tunis outcomes envisage WSIS as a forum for establishing human rights pillars. The introduction of such elements goes behind the agreed mandate of WSIS and diverts attention from its core development objectives, including bridging the digital divide through financial technology, transfer of technology and capacity building, and meaningful participation of developing countries.
In light of the lack of consensus, the persisting of significant divergence of views, And the disregard of this position during the negotiation, particularly where the development pillar is vacant, the Islamic Republic of Iran dissociates itself from the paragraph related to the human rights section.
While the outcome acknowledges the negative impacts of unilateral coercive measures, its language remains substantially inadequate and non-operationalized. The absence of a concrete mechanism to address such measures, including their extraterritorial effects, fails to protect developing countries from digital fragmentation, technological denial, and restricted access to critical digital infrastructure.
Consistent with the Geneva Declaration and Tunis agenda, respect for national sovereignty and nationally determined priorities is a fundamental priority of the basis process, in line with the principles of sovereign equality enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations.
Mr. President, in this context, the Islamic Republic of Iran underscores each state’s sovereign right to determine its own development path and considers the outcome document to be non-legally binding and voluntary.
Hence, Iran is not committed to any part of the outcome document that contradicts its national priorities, laws, policies, culture, and ethical values. This includes paragraph 76. The Intergovernmental Charter of the United Nations must be preserved while the multi-stakeholder approach is an important feature of WSIS.
It must not undermine the central role of the governments. The roles, accountability, and responsibility of stakeholders, particularly large technology companies and cross-border digital platforms, must be clearly defined vis-Ã -vis users and national regulatory authorities.
We express reservation regarding certain controversial and non-consensual terms and concepts, including gender-related terminologies and reference to sexual and reproductive health and SGBB, and accordingly, we dissociate ourselves from paragraph 11, 38, and 79.
And it is regrettable that the concerns of the group of 77 were not reflected in paragraph 101, that a section was removed at the final stage of the negotiation, and that paragraph 72, reflecting a consensus of G77 position drawn from global digital compact, was not acceptable, while non-consensual provision was included.
These developments undermine balance, inclusivity, and credibility of the outcome. Mr. Chair, any reference to the international mechanisms or frameworks to which Iran is not a party, such mechanisms do not create any obligation for my country.
Mr. President, at the end, I would like to request this explanation of the vote be put in the record and be included in the relevant official report of the document. Thank you.
I thank Islamic Republic of Iran. I now give floor to the representative of Nigeria.
Thank you, Vice President. Nigeria aligns with the explanation of position just delivered by the delegation of Iraq on behalf of the G77 and China. In addition, we wish to place on record that despite Nigeria’s joining the consensus with the adoption of the outcome document of the WSIS plus 20, all references in the document to terms in the document including sexual and gender-based violence and sexual and reproductive health.
will be interpreted by Nigeria in line with its national legislation and social and cultural norms. I thank you, Vice President.
I thank Nigeria. I now give the floor to the representative of Bangladesh.
Thank you, Mr. President. These are unprecedented times, and unprecedented times calls for unprecedented measures.
Bangladesh has intervened time and again on multiple paragraphs. Some of our ideas have been reflected in the final outcome documents. Some have not.
For the sake of consensus, we have been very persistent, patient, and would remain so. However, we believe that these are times when we need to take into cognizance what’s happening around us. When we had started with WSIS 20 years or more than 20 years before, we had not really thought about where we would be coming in 20 years, but where we are now.
Artificial intelligence is on the roll. It’s being rolled out. In just one year’s time, we have seen what the powers of LLMs could be and how they live a lived life again and again.
Internet and access to Internet is almost a fundamental human right now, particularly for Gen Zs and for the youth. We must take that into account. We must take into account the need for market connect to tech, organizations, and the rights-based approach that we have always pursued from the United Nations and other multilateral fora.
What we see is that in the next 24 to 36 months, many things will happen. Many more things will happen. We believe that tech transcendence, technosyn, and tech singularity are on the horizon.
So next WSIS high-level review, or even for that matter summit and plenary, might have an entirely different set of… concourses and discourses. What would we do about that?
What we believe is that we have made our points heard during the discussions and also during the side events and also in numerous other occasions where we could intervene or at least put our positions in clear sight and review for the review of our distinguished colleagues from other parts of the world.
We believe that in next seven months at least four of the UN processes will intersect with each other. WSIS, GDC, AI for Good and Pact for the Future. What we believe is that we need to take into account where those intersection points could be leveraged for the benefit of a common standard for the whole of humanity.
The DPI, the DPGs and also AI will be intersecting with each other. We need new epistemologies. We need new interpretations of the ontologies which are emerging all around us and WSIS even if not in the operative paragraphs but also in its preamble must take into cognizance of what’s around us.
While we respect and appreciate what has gone in over the last 20 years we need to do more. That’s where we believe that although we agree with the outcome document but still the points that we have raised during last one month of negotiation and we thank each colleague from each distinguished participant participating countries and stakeholders.
It’s a multi-stakeholder process. We thank each of them for their heartfelt participation but we will not let go of the of the points that we have raised because we believe that these points are not Bangladesh points alone. These points are not even the base of pyramid points alone.
These are points for humanity. This great hall where we’re sitting all all of us here must reflect, must resonate a voice of hope, a voice of vision, a vision for a grand future together. I rest my case with you.
Think about it. Thank you, Mr. President.
I thank the representative of Bangladesh. Distinguished delegates, we have heard the last speaker in explanation of vote after the vote. I would now like to express my sincere appreciation to Her Excellency Suela Janina, Permanent Representative of Albania to the United Nations, and His Excellency Ekitela Lokaale, Permanent Representative of Kenya to the United Nations, who ably and patiently conducted the discussions and complex negotiations in the informal consultations on the draft resolution.
I’m sure members of the Assembly join me in extending to them our sincere appreciation. The high-level meeting on the overall review by the General Assembly of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on Information Society is now concluded. May I take it that it is the wish of the Assembly to conclude its consideration of agenda item 15.
Thank you. It is so decided.
Africa ICT Alliance
Speech speed
138 words per minute
Speech length
441 words
Speech time
191 seconds
Multi-stakeholder approach remains essential for digital cooperation and sustainable development
Explanation
The speaker emphasizes that WSIS started with recognition of the multistakeholder nature of the information society and this approach must be sustained. They argue that enhanced digital cooperation is needed to close digital divides and ensure no one is left behind in the digital age.
Evidence
WSIS inspired the formation of AFICTA, which has grown from 6 countries in 2012 to more than 40 countries across Africa. The agreement to make the Internet Governance Forum permanent demonstrates collective commitment.
Major discussion point
WSIS Implementation and Digital Cooperation
Topics
Development | Infrastructure | Legal and regulatory
Agreed with
– Internet Society
– United States
Agreed on
Multi-stakeholder approach is essential for digital governance and cooperation
Need for enhanced digital cooperation to close digital divides and ensure no one is left behind
Explanation
The speaker calls for working together as one family to close digital divides between and within countries. They emphasize the need to release resources for increased digitalization, digital literacy, and connectivity in the age of AI.
Evidence
AFICTA operates in more than 40 countries in Africa with a vision to fulfill the promise of the digital age for everyone in Africa. Nigeria organized Africa’s first truly multistakeholder delegation to the UN General Assembly.
Major discussion point
Digital Divides and Development Concerns
Topics
Development | Infrastructure | Sociocultural
Agreed with
– Internet Society
– India
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
Agreed on
Need to address digital divides and ensure meaningful connectivity
Internet Governance Forum should be made permanent as inclusive platform for policy dialogue
Explanation
The speaker supports making the IGF permanent as evidence of collective vision and commitment to advancing common humanity. They view it as a veritable platform to review WSIS and avoid duplications at various levels.
Evidence
IGF has grown to over 170 national and regional initiatives, including youth participation. The Nigeria Internet Governance Forum demonstrated the platform’s effectiveness.
Major discussion point
Internet Governance and Sovereignty
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure | Development
Agreed with
– Internet Society
– India
Agreed on
Internet Governance Forum should be made permanent
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
Speech speed
116 words per minute
Speech length
390 words
Speech time
201 seconds
Libraries provide vital digital infrastructure and should be integrated into digital inclusion strategies
Explanation
The speaker argues that libraries represent a global digital public infrastructure with millions of institutions worldwide. They provide essential access to technology, especially for disenfranchised populations, and offer vital support for building digital capacity and skills.
Evidence
Libraries are present in cities, towns, and villages around the world and for many people, particularly the most disenfranchised, offer the only way to get online. UNESCO IFAP briefing on libraries and digital inclusion underscores their role.
Major discussion point
WSIS Implementation and Digital Cooperation
Topics
Development | Infrastructure | Sociocultural
AI for Good Young Leaders
Speech speed
148 words per minute
Speech length
534 words
Speech time
216 seconds
Youth should move from participation to decision-making roles in digital policy
Explanation
The speaker argues that recognition is not the same as empowerment and calls for moving from youth participation to youth decision-shaping. They demand shared ownership of the digital future being shaped and want youth treated as co-designers of policy.
Evidence
Young people grew up with the internet and understand its opportunities and dangers better than anyone. They are not just consumers but creators of digital reality and earliest adopters of new technology.
Major discussion point
Youth Participation and Empowerment
Topics
Development | Human rights | Sociocultural
Young people are creators of digital reality, not just consumers of technology
Explanation
The speaker emphasizes that youth are not only impacted by digital policy but are creators of the digital reality these policies seek to govern. They are builders, debuggers, and translators of new tools into everyday life across various settings.
Evidence
Youth are earliest adopters, most consistent users, builders and debuggers who shape how technology spreads, how norms form, and how innovation becomes commonplace. Young AI leaders work on AI and mental health grounded in principles of innovation and justice.
Major discussion point
Youth Participation and Empowerment
Topics
Development | Sociocultural | Economic
Internet Society
Speech speed
115 words per minute
Speech length
395 words
Speech time
204 seconds
Multi-stakeholder model enables effective Internet governance and connectivity solutions
Explanation
The speaker argues that the multi-stakeholder model brings together the best expertise from governments, academia, civil society, industry, and technical community. This approach has enabled building and maintaining a network that has helped countries experience historic economic growth and opportunities.
Evidence
The model has successfully served collective goals throughout decades and enables learning from one another to identify solutions to digital challenges. Internet Society funds and participates in over 180 national, regional, sub-regional, and youth IGFs worldwide.
Major discussion point
WSIS Implementation and Digital Cooperation
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure | Development
Agreed with
– Africa ICT Alliance
– United States
Agreed on
Multi-stakeholder approach is essential for digital governance and cooperation
2.2 billion people still lack meaningful connectivity and depend on Internet for development
Explanation
The speaker highlights that despite progress, a significant portion of the global population still lacks access to the Internet. These people depend on Internet connectivity for economic growth, access to public services, education, and healthcare participation in digital society.
Evidence
2.2 billion people still lack meaningful connectivity. The multi-stakeholder model allows people and organizations to bring Internet to hard-to-reach communities and helps shape enabling policy environments.
Major discussion point
Digital Divides and Development Concerns
Topics
Development | Infrastructure | Economic
Agreed with
– Africa ICT Alliance
– India
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
Agreed on
Need to address digital divides and ensure meaningful connectivity
IGF serves as main venue for multi-stakeholder Internet governance work
Explanation
The speaker positions the Internet Governance Forum as the primary venue within the UN system for multi-stakeholder work on Internet governance. They emphasize its open, non-binding, and inclusive design that helps shape Internet and digital policies for societal benefit.
Evidence
IGF is open, non-binding, and inclusive by design, helping stakeholders bridge the gap between high-level diplomacy and ground-level implementation. It allows local needs to shape global deliberations.
Major discussion point
Internet Governance and Sovereignty
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure | Development
Agreed with
– Africa ICT Alliance
– India
Agreed on
Internet Governance Forum should be made permanent
IT for Change
Speech speed
126 words per minute
Speech length
364 words
Speech time
172 seconds
Current innovation economy built on dispossession and dehumanization, need for alternative paradigm
Explanation
The speaker argues that the current data and AI economy has reversed WSIS values, making people and planet instruments for innovation rather than technology serving human well-being. They call for a return to the original vision where technology serves social well-being and human rights.
Evidence
A worker in India generates AI training data that will never solve their problems. 96% of global deepfakes target women and girls. Major corporations have abandoned carbon neutrality commitments due to AI infrastructure demands.
Major discussion point
Digital Divides and Development Concerns
Topics
Human rights | Development | Economic
Need for international AI constitution based on global democracy and technology assessment mechanism
Explanation
The speaker calls for concrete actions including a new normative framework for AI governance and a global technology assessment mechanism. They advocate for an international AI constitution predicated on global democracy to govern emerging technologies.
Evidence
People from the south are resisting data extractivism and calling for digital public infrastructures. They propose contributions from major transaction levies on technology companies and respect for countries’ rights to tax cross-border digital services.
Major discussion point
AI Governance and Regulation
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Human rights | Economic
United States
Speech speed
104 words per minute
Speech length
401 words
Speech time
230 seconds
US opposes international governance of Internet and supports multi-stakeholder model
Explanation
The United States expresses serious reservations about international organizations setting standards that legitimize international governance of the Internet. They strongly support a multi-stakeholder model that embraces innovation, preserves sovereignty, protects rights, and grows the digital economy.
Evidence
US specifically opposes references to the Global Digital Compact, Summit for the Future, and Independent International Scientific Panel on AI. They cite concerns about bureaucracy including AI fellowship and research programs.
Major discussion point
Internet Governance and Sovereignty
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure | Economic
Agreed with
– Africa ICT Alliance
– Internet Society
Agreed on
Multi-stakeholder approach is essential for digital governance and cooperation
Disagreed with
– Iran
– Saudi Arabia
Disagreed on
Internet Governance Model – International vs Multi-stakeholder Approach
US concerned about threats to freedom of speech, including references to disinformation and hate speech
Explanation
The United States expresses concern about any stated or implied suggestions of threats to freedom of speech and expression. They argue that all speech, even odious speech, should be protected and oppose references to disinformation, misinformation, and hate speech.
Major discussion point
Human Rights and Content Regulation
Topics
Human rights | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Disagreed with
– Group of 77 and China
Disagreed on
Freedom of Expression vs Content Regulation
Economic sanctions are legitimate tools for addressing threats to peace and security
Explanation
The United States defends the use of unilateral coercive measures, stating that economic sanctions are lawful, legitimate, important, appropriate, and effective tools. They argue these measures are necessary for responding to malign activity and addressing threats to peace and security.
Major discussion point
Unilateral Coercive Measures
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Economic | Human rights
Disagreed with
– Ukraine
– Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Disagreed on
Unilateral Coercive Measures (Economic Sanctions)
Saudi Arabia
Speech speed
114 words per minute
Speech length
649 words
Speech time
339 seconds
Need to respect national sovereignty and states’ rights to formulate regulatory frameworks
Explanation
Saudi Arabia emphasizes the importance of respecting national sovereignty and ensuring flexibility in digital policies. They stress states’ rights to formulate regulatory and technical frameworks in line with their national systems and cultural and social contexts.
Evidence
Saudi Arabia supports paragraphs of the Tunis Programme of Action regarding internet governance and the role of governments in international internet management to ensure stability and sustainability.
Major discussion point
Internet Governance and Sovereignty
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural | Infrastructure
Disagreed with
– United States
– Iran
Disagreed on
Internet Governance Model – International vs Multi-stakeholder Approach
Reservations regarding sexual and reproductive health references as outside WSIS scope
Explanation
Saudi Arabia expresses reservations about references to sexual violence, gender-based violence, and sexual and reproductive health in the document. They argue these issues fall outside the agreed thematic scope of WSIS, which focuses on leveraging ICT for sustainable development.
Evidence
Specific reservations regarding paragraphs 11, 38 and 79. Saudi Arabia also reserves on the term ‘community networks’ due to absence of clear ITU definition and lack of discussion at the summit.
Major discussion point
Human Rights and Content Regulation
Topics
Human rights | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Disagreed with
– Iran
– Nigeria
– Argentina
Disagreed on
Human Rights Content and WSIS Mandate Scope
India
Speech speed
144 words per minute
Speech length
736 words
Speech time
304 seconds
Document reaffirms WSIS vision but could have been more ambitious on means of implementation
Explanation
India appreciates that the document reaffirms the original WSIS vision and situates digital cooperation within the 2030 Agenda framework. However, they believe the document could have been more ambitious on means of implementation, particularly regarding financing and technology transfer for developing countries.
Evidence
Document recognizes persistent digital divides and calls for strengthened international cooperation. India welcomes AI Capacity Building Fellowship and recognition of digital public infrastructure, but notes commitments on financing remain largely procedural.
Major discussion point
WSIS Implementation and Digital Cooperation
Topics
Development | Economic | Legal and regulatory
Agreed with
– Africa ICT Alliance
– Internet Society
Agreed on
Internet Governance Forum should be made permanent
Negotiation process could have been more transparent and organized
Explanation
India acknowledges active engagement in negotiations but believes the process could have been handled more transparently and in a more organized manner. They express concern that developing countries’ interests could have been better protected through improved process management.
Major discussion point
Procedural and Transparency Concerns
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Development
Agreed with
– Israel
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Agreed on
Concerns about negotiation process transparency
AI capacity building fellowship could benefit Global South countries
Explanation
India welcomes the establishment of AI Capacity Building Fellowship for government officials and research programs, viewing it as potentially transformative for Global South countries in their development journeys. They call for further deepening of international cooperation on AI capacity building.
Evidence
AI capacity building is most lacking in Global South countries where these capacities could be game-changers for development.
Major discussion point
AI Governance and Regulation
Topics
Development | Legal and regulatory | Economic
Israel
Speech speed
156 words per minute
Speech length
371 words
Speech time
142 seconds
Final negotiation process lacked transparency and proper organization
Explanation
Israel criticizes the negotiation process, particularly the final stage, as lacking transparency and not reflecting the spirit of negotiations expected at the UN. They describe the process as marred by bias, incompetence, and lack of transparency, which did not contribute to building trust.
Evidence
Israel notes that reaching consensus did not contribute to building trust between member states or with the UN Secretariat. They argue that false narratives are repeated in different UN forums and have impact beyond the walls.
Major discussion point
Procedural and Transparency Concerns
Topics
Legal and regulatory
Agreed with
– India
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Agreed on
Concerns about negotiation process transparency
Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
Speech speed
100 words per minute
Speech length
578 words
Speech time
343 seconds
Absence of common but differentiated responsibilities principle weakens development aspects
Explanation
The Group of 77 and China regrets the absence of explicit mention of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, which they consider well-established within the UN system and especially relevant to global digital transformations. They argue this omission weakens the development aspect of the declaration.
Evidence
The principle is especially relevant when WSIS is expected to serve as a framework to support digital equity and bridge technological divides, and its omission overlooks structural disparities in capacities and resources among countries.
Major discussion point
Digital Divides and Development Concerns
Topics
Development | Legal and regulatory | Economic
Document inadequately reflects core concerns of developing countries
Explanation
The Group expresses regret that the adopted text did not adequately reflect core concerns of developing countries, both substantively and procedurally. They hoped for more ambitious and action-oriented text on financial mechanisms to close digital divides.
Evidence
While they welcome establishment of a financial task force, they want its work to be purpose-driven with concrete recommendations on new, innovative financial mechanisms and increased access for developing countries.
Major discussion point
Digital Divides and Development Concerns
Topics
Development | Economic | Legal and regulatory
Agreed with
– Africa ICT Alliance
– Internet Society
– India
Agreed on
Need to address digital divides and ensure meaningful connectivity
Language regarding unilateral coercive measures was diluted and inadequate
Explanation
The Group considers that references to unilateral coercive measures were diluted and failed to reflect the real negative impacts of such measures on access to technology, knowledge transfer, and digital capacity building in developing countries.
Evidence
Reliance on general formulation does not address actual challenges these measures pose to inclusive digital development efforts.
Major discussion point
Unilateral Coercive Measures
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Economic | Development
Disagreed with
– United States
– Ukraine
– Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Disagreed on
Unilateral Coercive Measures (Economic Sanctions)
Lack of transparency in final negotiations caused procedural doubts
Explanation
The Group stresses that lack of transparency in the final stage of negotiations caused doubts regarding the procedural approach. They believe transparency and equal sharing of information among all members are essential prerequisites for balanced ownership of outcomes.
Major discussion point
Procedural and Transparency Concerns
Topics
Legal and regulatory
Agreed with
– India
– Israel
– Iran
Agreed on
Concerns about negotiation process transparency
Russian Federation
Speech speed
95 words per minute
Speech length
364 words
Speech time
228 seconds
Russian Federation rejects baseless accusations and urges focus on substantive WSIS discussion
Explanation
Russia rejects what they call baseless accusations from Ukraine and argues that issues of international peace and security fall under the competency of other UN bodies. They regret that Ukraine politicized the professional discussion instead of engaging in substantive WSIS topics.
Evidence
Russian Federation notes that Ukrainian representatives didn’t appear at any consultations on the WSIS Plus 20 review document, confirming their lack of interest in global efforts to bridge the digital divide.
Major discussion point
Russian-Ukrainian Tensions
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Development
Argentina
Speech speed
121 words per minute
Speech length
136 words
Speech time
66 seconds
Argentina distances itself from mandates outside WSIS scope including gender focus
Explanation
Argentina distances itself from the 2030 Agenda, Pact for the Future, Global Digital Compact and other matters that introduce mandates outside the WSIS mandate. They specifically oppose gender focus and wording regarding misinformation, disinformation, hate speech, and sexual agendas.
Major discussion point
National Sovereignty and Cultural Values
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Human rights | Sociocultural
Disagreed with
– Iran
– Saudi Arabia
– Nigeria
Disagreed on
Human Rights Content and WSIS Mandate Scope
Ukraine
Speech speed
115 words per minute
Speech length
149 words
Speech time
77 seconds
Restrictive measures are legitimate when adopted in accordance with international law
Explanation
Ukraine expresses reservation regarding paragraph 52 on unilateral coercive measures, arguing that restrictive measures are a legitimate foreign policy tool when adopted in accordance with international law. They view such measures as necessary when facing clear violations of international law or threats to international peace and security.
Major discussion point
Unilateral Coercive Measures
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Human rights
Disagreed with
– United States
– Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Disagreed on
Unilateral Coercive Measures (Economic Sanctions)
Iran
Speech speed
113 words per minute
Speech length
728 words
Speech time
386 seconds
Document weakens development pillar by failing to translate objectives into concrete commitments
Explanation
Iran argues that the Geneva Declaration defines WSIS as a development-oriented process focused on development, poverty eradication, and technology transfer. They contend the outcome document weakens this pillar by failing to translate objectives into concrete commitments and diverting attention from core development priorities.
Major discussion point
WSIS Implementation and Digital Cooperation
Topics
Development | Economic | Legal and regulatory
Enhanced cooperation among governments remains undefined and unimplemented
Explanation
Iran argues that the Tunis Agenda mandates enhanced cooperation among governments on equal footing in international Internet-related public policy. They contend the outcome document treats IGF as a substitute rather than complement, leaving enhanced cooperation undefined and perpetuating structural imbalances affecting developing countries.
Major discussion point
Internet Governance and Sovereignty
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure | Development
Disagreed with
– United States
– Saudi Arabia
Disagreed on
Internet Governance Model – International vs Multi-stakeholder Approach
Introduction of human rights elements goes beyond agreed WSIS mandate
Explanation
Iran argues that neither Geneva nor Tunis outcomes envisage WSIS as a forum for establishing human rights pillars. They contend that introducing such elements goes beyond the agreed mandate and diverts attention from core development objectives including bridging the digital divide.
Evidence
Iran dissociates from paragraphs related to human rights section due to lack of consensus and significant divergence of views.
Major discussion point
Human Rights and Content Regulation
Topics
Human rights | Legal and regulatory | Development
Agreed with
– India
– Israel
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
Agreed on
Concerns about negotiation process transparency
Disagreed with
– Saudi Arabia
– Nigeria
– Argentina
Disagreed on
Human Rights Content and WSIS Mandate Scope
Absence of concrete mechanisms to address extraterritorial effects of such measures
Explanation
Iran argues that while the outcome acknowledges negative impacts of unilateral coercive measures, the language remains substantially inadequate and non-operationalized. They emphasize the absence of concrete mechanisms to address such measures, including their extraterritorial effects.
Evidence
The lack of mechanisms fails to protect developing countries from digital fragmentation, technological denial, and restricted access to critical digital infrastructure.
Major discussion point
Unilateral Coercive Measures
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Economic | Development
Disagreed with
– United States
– Ukraine
– Group of 77 and China
Disagreed on
Unilateral Coercive Measures (Economic Sanctions)
Outcome document is non-legally binding and voluntary, respecting national sovereignty
Explanation
Iran emphasizes that consistent with Geneva Declaration and Tunis agenda, respect for national sovereignty and nationally determined priorities is fundamental. They stress each state’s sovereign right to determine its own development path and consider the outcome document non-legally binding and voluntary.
Evidence
Iran is not committed to any part of the outcome document that contradicts its national priorities, laws, policies, culture, and ethical values, including paragraph 76.
Major discussion point
National Sovereignty and Cultural Values
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural | Development
Nigeria
Speech speed
145 words per minute
Speech length
92 words
Speech time
37 seconds
References to sexual and gender-based violence will be interpreted according to national norms
Explanation
Nigeria aligns with the G77 and China position but specifically places on record that all references to terms including sexual and gender-based violence and sexual and reproductive health will be interpreted in line with its national legislation and social and cultural norms.
Major discussion point
Human Rights and Content Regulation
Topics
Human rights | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Disagreed with
– Iran
– Saudi Arabia
– Argentina
Disagreed on
Human Rights Content and WSIS Mandate Scope
Bangladesh
Speech speed
147 words per minute
Speech length
580 words
Speech time
235 seconds
Need for unprecedented measures in unprecedented times of technological change
Explanation
Bangladesh argues that these are unprecedented times requiring unprecedented measures, noting that when WSIS started over 20 years ago, they couldn’t have predicted current developments in AI and technology. They emphasize that Internet access is now almost a fundamental human right, particularly for youth.
Evidence
In just one year, they’ve seen the powers of Large Language Models (LLMs). Tech transcendence, technosyn, and tech singularity are on the horizon, meaning the next WSIS review might have entirely different discourses.
Major discussion point
National Sovereignty and Cultural Values
Topics
Development | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Need for new epistemologies and interpretations of emerging technological ontologies
Explanation
Bangladesh believes that in the next seven months, four UN processes (WSIS, GDC, AI for Good, and Pact for the Future) will intersect, requiring new epistemologies and interpretations of emerging ontologies. They argue for leveraging intersection points for common standards benefiting all humanity.
Evidence
Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), Digital Public Goods (DPGs), and AI will be intersecting with each other, requiring new approaches and interpretations.
Major discussion point
Technology and Innovation Paradigms
Topics
Development | Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure
Secretariat
Speech speed
110 words per minute
Speech length
416 words
Speech time
226 seconds
Resource requirements for implementation depend on availability of adequate liquidity
Explanation
The Secretariat informs that implementing the mandates would depend on adequate liquidity resources and provides specific cost estimates for various departments. They note that for the 2035 high-level meeting, cost implications cannot be estimated without knowing the format, scope, and modalities.
Evidence
Additional activities would cost $153,200 for Department for General Assembly and Conference Management, $1,266,400 for Department for Economic and Social Affairs (including six posts), $5,500 for Department for Global Communications, and $4,000 for UN Office in Geneva.
Major discussion point
Financial and Implementation Mechanisms
Topics
Economic | Legal and regulatory
High-level meeting planned for 2035 with cost implications to be determined later
Explanation
The Secretariat explains that paragraph 127 requests a high-level meeting in 2035 for overall review of WSIS implementation outcomes. However, without determined modalities for the meeting, it’s not possible to estimate potential cost implications at present.
Evidence
When format, scope, and modalities are determined, the Secretary-General would assess budgetary implications and advise the General Assembly according to established procedures.
Major discussion point
Financial and Implementation Mechanisms
Topics
Economic | Legal and regulatory
Chair
Speech speed
113 words per minute
Speech length
855 words
Speech time
452 seconds
Statements should be delivered at reasonable pace to facilitate interpretation into six official languages
Explanation
The Chair emphasizes the importance of speaking at an appropriate pace during the plenary session to ensure effective interpretation services. This procedural guidance aims to maintain the multilingual accessibility of the proceedings.
Evidence
Speakers are reminded that statements are limited to three minutes and should be delivered at reasonable pace to facilitate interpretation into six official languages.
Major discussion point
Procedural and Transparency Concerns
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Assembly should proceed with formal adoption procedures for the WSIS outcome document
Explanation
The Chair guides the Assembly through the formal procedural steps for adopting the draft resolution on the WSIS Plus 20 outcome document. This includes managing the voting process and explanations of position from member states.
Evidence
The Chair formally presents Draft Resolution A-80-L41 for consideration and takes the Assembly through the adoption process, confirming consensus adoption.
Major discussion point
Procedural and Transparency Concerns
Topics
Legal and regulatory
Co-facilitators deserve appreciation for conducting complex negotiations
Explanation
The Chair acknowledges the challenging work performed by the Albanian and Kenyan representatives who led the informal consultations and negotiations. This recognition highlights the difficulty and importance of the multilateral negotiation process.
Evidence
Chair expresses sincere appreciation to Her Excellency Suela Janina of Albania and His Excellency Ekitela Lokaale of Kenya who ably and patiently conducted the discussions and complex negotiations.
Major discussion point
Procedural and Transparency Concerns
Topics
Legal and regulatory
Agreements
Agreement points
Multi-stakeholder approach is essential for digital governance and cooperation
Speakers
– Africa ICT Alliance
– Internet Society
– United States
Arguments
Multi-stakeholder approach remains essential for digital cooperation and sustainable development
Multi-stakeholder model enables effective Internet governance and connectivity solutions
US opposes international governance of Internet and supports multi-stakeholder model
Summary
Multiple speakers emphasized the importance of maintaining multi-stakeholder governance models for digital cooperation, though with different emphases on implementation
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure | Development
Need to address digital divides and ensure meaningful connectivity
Speakers
– Africa ICT Alliance
– Internet Society
– India
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
Arguments
Need for enhanced digital cooperation to close digital divides and ensure no one is left behind
2.2 billion people still lack meaningful connectivity and depend on Internet for development
Document reaffirms WSIS vision but could have been more ambitious on means of implementation
Document inadequately reflects core concerns of developing countries
Summary
Broad consensus exists on the urgent need to bridge digital divides and provide meaningful connectivity, particularly for developing countries and underserved populations
Topics
Development | Infrastructure | Economic
Internet Governance Forum should be made permanent
Speakers
– Africa ICT Alliance
– Internet Society
– India
Arguments
Internet Governance Forum should be made permanent as inclusive platform for policy dialogue
IGF serves as main venue for multi-stakeholder Internet governance work
Document reaffirms WSIS vision but could have been more ambitious on means of implementation
Summary
Strong support for making the IGF permanent as a key venue for inclusive multi-stakeholder dialogue on Internet governance
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure | Development
Concerns about negotiation process transparency
Speakers
– India
– Israel
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Arguments
Negotiation process could have been more transparent and organized
Final negotiation process lacked transparency and proper organization
Lack of transparency in final negotiations caused procedural doubts
Introduction of human rights elements goes beyond agreed WSIS mandate
Summary
Multiple delegations expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of transparency and organization in the final stages of negotiations
Topics
Legal and regulatory
Similar viewpoints
These countries share concerns about references to sexual and reproductive health, gender-based violence, and human rights elements, viewing them as outside the WSIS mandate or inconsistent with their national values and legislation
Speakers
– Saudi Arabia
– Argentina
– Iran
– Nigeria
Arguments
Reservations regarding sexual and reproductive health references as outside WSIS scope
Argentina distances itself from mandates outside WSIS scope including gender focus
Introduction of human rights elements goes beyond agreed WSIS mandate
References to sexual and gender-based violence will be interpreted according to national norms
Topics
Human rights | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Developing countries expressed dissatisfaction with weak language on unilateral coercive measures and lack of concrete mechanisms to address their negative impacts on digital development
Speakers
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
– Iran
– India
Arguments
Language regarding unilateral coercive measures was diluted and inadequate
Absence of concrete mechanisms to address extraterritorial effects of such measures
Document reaffirms WSIS vision but could have been more ambitious on means of implementation
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Economic | Development
Both speakers emphasized that the document weakened the development pillar of WSIS by omitting the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and failing to provide concrete commitments for developing countries
Speakers
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Arguments
Absence of common but differentiated responsibilities principle weakens development aspects
Document weakens development pillar by failing to translate objectives into concrete commitments
Topics
Development | Legal and regulatory | Economic
Unexpected consensus
AI capacity building for developing countries
Speakers
– India
– IT for Change
Arguments
AI capacity building fellowship could benefit Global South countries
Need for international AI constitution based on global democracy and technology assessment mechanism
Explanation
Despite their different approaches – India welcoming the fellowship program and IT for Change calling for more radical restructuring – both recognized the critical need for AI governance mechanisms that address Global South concerns
Topics
Development | Legal and regulatory | Economic
Youth empowerment in digital governance
Speakers
– AI for Good Young Leaders
– Bangladesh
Arguments
Youth should move from participation to decision-making roles in digital policy
Need for unprecedented measures in unprecedented times of technological change
Explanation
Both speakers, though from different perspectives, emphasized the need for transformative approaches to include youth voices and adapt to rapid technological changes, representing an unexpected alignment on generational change
Topics
Development | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Overall assessment
Summary
The discussion revealed strong consensus on fundamental principles like multi-stakeholder governance, bridging digital divides, and making the IGF permanent. However, significant divisions emerged around human rights language, national sovereignty concerns, and the adequacy of development commitments. Procedural concerns about negotiation transparency were widely shared.
Consensus level
Moderate consensus with significant polarization. While there was broad agreement on core digital governance principles and the need to address connectivity gaps, deep divisions existed on cultural/social issues, the role of international governance, and the balance between development needs and sovereignty concerns. The final adoption by consensus masked substantial reservations from multiple delegations, suggesting a fragile agreement that may face implementation challenges.
Differences
Different viewpoints
Internet Governance Model – International vs Multi-stakeholder Approach
Speakers
– United States
– Iran
– Saudi Arabia
Arguments
US opposes international governance of Internet and supports multi-stakeholder model
Enhanced cooperation among governments remains undefined and unimplemented
Need to respect national sovereignty and states’ rights to formulate regulatory frameworks
Summary
The US strongly opposes international governance of the Internet and supports multi-stakeholder models, while Iran argues for enhanced cooperation among governments on equal footing, and Saudi Arabia emphasizes national sovereignty in regulatory frameworks. This represents a fundamental disagreement about who should govern the Internet.
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Infrastructure
Human Rights Content and WSIS Mandate Scope
Speakers
– Iran
– Saudi Arabia
– Nigeria
– Argentina
Arguments
Introduction of human rights elements goes beyond agreed WSIS mandate
Reservations regarding sexual and reproductive health references as outside WSIS scope
References to sexual and gender-based violence will be interpreted according to national norms
Argentina distances itself from mandates outside WSIS scope including gender focus
Summary
Multiple countries argue that human rights elements, particularly those related to gender, sexual health, and reproductive rights, fall outside the original WSIS mandate and should be interpreted according to national laws and cultural contexts.
Topics
Human rights | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Unilateral Coercive Measures (Economic Sanctions)
Speakers
– United States
– Ukraine
– Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Arguments
Economic sanctions are legitimate tools for addressing threats to peace and security
Restrictive measures are legitimate when adopted in accordance with international law
Language regarding unilateral coercive measures was diluted and inadequate
Absence of concrete mechanisms to address extraterritorial effects of such measures
Summary
The US and Ukraine defend economic sanctions as legitimate tools, while developing countries (G77, Iran) argue that such measures negatively impact technology access and digital development, with inadequate language in the document to address these concerns.
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Economic | Development
Freedom of Expression vs Content Regulation
Speakers
– United States
– Group of 77 and China
Arguments
US concerned about threats to freedom of speech, including references to disinformation and hate speech
Absence of clear approach to misinformation and disinformation despite direct threats they pose
Summary
The US argues that all speech, even odious speech, should be protected and opposes references to disinformation and hate speech, while the G77 and China express concern about the absence of approaches to address misinformation and disinformation that threaten social cohesion.
Topics
Human rights | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Unexpected differences
Procedural Transparency and Negotiation Process
Speakers
– Israel
– India
– Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Arguments
Final negotiation process lacked transparency and proper organization
Negotiation process could have been more transparent and organized
Lack of transparency in final negotiations caused procedural doubts
Introduction of human rights elements goes beyond agreed WSIS mandate
Explanation
Unexpectedly, countries across different political alignments (Israel, India, G77, Iran) all criticized the negotiation process for lack of transparency. This procedural criticism cuts across traditional geopolitical lines and suggests systemic issues with UN negotiation processes.
Topics
Legal and regulatory
Innovation Paradigm Critique
Speakers
– IT for Change
– Bangladesh
Arguments
Current innovation economy built on dispossession and dehumanization, need for alternative paradigm
Need for new epistemologies and interpretations of emerging technological ontologies
Explanation
Unexpected fundamental critique of the current technology paradigm, with IT for Change arguing that the data and AI economy has reversed WSIS values, and Bangladesh calling for entirely new epistemological approaches. This represents a more radical departure from mainstream technology optimism than typically seen in UN forums.
Topics
Development | Economic | Human rights
Overall assessment
Summary
The discussion reveals deep divisions on fundamental governance questions (international vs multi-stakeholder Internet governance), cultural and sovereignty issues (human rights scope, national interpretation of gender/sexual health topics), economic policy tools (sanctions), and content regulation approaches (free speech vs misinformation control). Additionally, there were widespread procedural criticisms about negotiation transparency.
Disagreement level
High level of disagreement with significant implications. The disagreements touch on core sovereignty, governance, and values questions that could undermine implementation of WSIS outcomes. The fact that even procedural aspects were widely criticized suggests systemic challenges in multilateral digital governance processes. These disagreements may lead to fragmented implementation where countries interpret and apply the outcomes according to their own frameworks rather than achieving unified global digital cooperation.
Partial agreements
Partial agreements
Similar viewpoints
These countries share concerns about references to sexual and reproductive health, gender-based violence, and human rights elements, viewing them as outside the WSIS mandate or inconsistent with their national values and legislation
Speakers
– Saudi Arabia
– Argentina
– Iran
– Nigeria
Arguments
Reservations regarding sexual and reproductive health references as outside WSIS scope
Argentina distances itself from mandates outside WSIS scope including gender focus
Introduction of human rights elements goes beyond agreed WSIS mandate
References to sexual and gender-based violence will be interpreted according to national norms
Topics
Human rights | Legal and regulatory | Sociocultural
Developing countries expressed dissatisfaction with weak language on unilateral coercive measures and lack of concrete mechanisms to address their negative impacts on digital development
Speakers
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
– Iran
– India
Arguments
Language regarding unilateral coercive measures was diluted and inadequate
Absence of concrete mechanisms to address extraterritorial effects of such measures
Document reaffirms WSIS vision but could have been more ambitious on means of implementation
Topics
Legal and regulatory | Economic | Development
Both speakers emphasized that the document weakened the development pillar of WSIS by omitting the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and failing to provide concrete commitments for developing countries
Speakers
– Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
– Iran
Arguments
Absence of common but differentiated responsibilities principle weakens development aspects
Document weakens development pillar by failing to translate objectives into concrete commitments
Topics
Development | Legal and regulatory | Economic
Takeaways
Key takeaways
The WSIS+20 outcome document was adopted by consensus despite significant reservations from multiple countries and stakeholder groups
The multi-stakeholder approach to Internet governance remains central, with the Internet Governance Forum being made permanent
Digital divides persist with 2.2 billion people still lacking meaningful connectivity, requiring enhanced international cooperation
Youth participation should evolve from symbolic inclusion to meaningful decision-making roles in digital policy
The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities was notably absent from the document, weakening its development focus
National sovereignty and cultural contexts must be respected in digital governance frameworks
AI governance requires new international frameworks and capacity building, especially for the Global South
The negotiation process was criticized for lack of transparency and proper organization in its final stages
Resolutions and action items
Adoption of Draft Resolution A-80-L41 on the WSIS+20 outcome document
Establishment of a financial task force to address digital divides and connectivity gaps
Creation of an AI Capacity Building Fellowship program for government officials
Making the Internet Governance Forum a permanent UN forum
Planning for the next high-level WSIS review meeting in 2035
Resource requirements of $1,429,100 allocated for implementation activities across UN departments
Continued implementation of WSIS action lines by relevant UN agencies and stakeholders
Unresolved issues
Enhanced cooperation among governments on Internet governance remains undefined and unimplemented
Concrete mechanisms to address the negative impacts of unilateral coercive measures are lacking
Specific financing commitments for bridging digital divides in developing countries remain largely procedural
The role and accountability of large technology companies and digital platforms needs clearer definition
Approaches to misinformation and disinformation lack clear consensus among member states
The balance between free speech protections and content regulation remains contentious
Modalities and cost implications for the 2035 high-level meeting are yet to be determined
The intersection of WSIS with other UN processes (GDC, AI for Good, Pact for the Future) requires coordination
Suggested compromises
Recognition that consensus does not mean full agreement, allowing countries to state reservations while joining consensus
Acknowledgment that there is no one-size-fits-all model for digital development, respecting national priorities
Treating the outcome document as non-legally binding and voluntary to accommodate sovereignty concerns
Allowing countries to interpret controversial terms according to their national legislation and cultural norms
Establishing review mechanisms and future meetings to address ongoing concerns and evolving challenges
Maintaining the multi-stakeholder approach while preserving the central role of governments in decision-making
Focusing on practical implementation through existing UN mechanisms rather than creating new bureaucratic structures
Thought provoking comments
Don’t just engage youth. Empower your youth. Give us a seat where decisions are made, and we will help build an inclusive, just, safe, and sustainable digital future that we see as promised for us all.
Speaker
AI for Good Young Leaders representative
Reason
This comment powerfully reframes youth participation from tokenistic inclusion to genuine empowerment and decision-making authority. It challenges the traditional power structures in international governance by asserting that youth are not just future stakeholders but present partners who understand digital realities better than anyone.
Impact
This statement introduced a paradigm shift from viewing youth as beneficiaries to recognizing them as co-creators of digital policy. It elevated the discussion beyond technical implementation to questions of democratic participation and generational equity in governance structures.
A worker in India folds hand towels hundreds of times a day with a camera mounted on their head, generating training data for an AI that will never problem-solve for their embedded reality. This is the platformization of work, a story of precarity and indignity of data labor.
Speaker
IT for Change representative
Reason
This vivid, concrete example cuts through abstract policy language to expose the human cost of AI development. It reveals how the Global South is being exploited as a source of training data while being excluded from AI’s benefits, challenging the narrative of AI as universally beneficial progress.
Impact
This comment fundamentally shifted the tone from celebratory to critical, introducing concepts of data extractivism and digital colonialism. It forced the discussion to confront uncomfortable realities about who benefits from digital transformation and who bears its costs.
The United States has serious reservations about international organizations setting a standard that legitimizes international governance of the Internet… We oppose references to the Global Digital Compact, Summit for the Future, and Independent International Scientific Panel on AI.
Speaker
United States representative
Reason
This statement reveals fundamental disagreements about global digital governance among major powers. It exposes the tension between multilateral cooperation and national sovereignty in the digital realm, challenging the assumption of consensus on internet governance approaches.
Impact
This intervention created a clear fault line in the discussion, moving from technical cooperation to geopolitical tensions. It prompted other nations to clarify their positions on sovereignty versus multilateralism, fundamentally altering the diplomatic dynamics of the session.
The Group of 77 and China regrets the absence of an explicit mention of a principle of common but differentiated responsibilities… The omission of this principle was weakened the development aspect of the declaration and overlooked the structural disparities in capacities and resources among countries.
Speaker
Iraq on behalf of Group of 77 and China
Reason
This comment highlights a critical gap in applying established climate governance principles to digital governance. It reveals how developing countries view digital transformation through the lens of historical inequalities and the need for differentiated approaches based on capacity.
Impact
This intervention reframed the entire discussion around equity and historical responsibility, challenging the ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to digital development. It introduced the concept that digital governance should account for structural global inequalities, similar to climate governance.
Libraries are a global digital public infrastructure, and the content we collect, preserve, and share represents a significant public good… How can you, in your future work to implement the WSIS agenda, partner with IFLA, and better mobilize your libraries.
Speaker
International Federation of Library Associations representative
Reason
This comment reframes libraries as essential digital infrastructure rather than outdated institutions, positioning them as critical partners in bridging digital divides. It challenges assumptions about what constitutes modern digital infrastructure by highlighting existing, trusted community institutions.
Impact
This perspective broadened the discussion beyond high-tech solutions to include community-based, human-centered approaches to digital inclusion. It introduced the concept that digital transformation should build on existing social infrastructure rather than replacing it entirely.
Overall assessment
These key comments fundamentally transformed what could have been a routine policy review into a substantive debate about power, equity, and the future of global digital governance. The youth representative’s call for empowerment challenged traditional hierarchies, while IT for Change’s critique exposed the dark side of digital progress. The US position revealed deep geopolitical fractures, and the G77’s intervention highlighted how developing countries view digital issues through the lens of global inequality. Together, these interventions moved the discussion from technical implementation to fundamental questions about who controls, benefits from, and bears the costs of digital transformation. They revealed that beneath the diplomatic language lie profound disagreements about sovereignty, equity, and the role of multilateral institutions in governing emerging technologies.
Follow-up questions
How can you, in your future work to implement the WSIS agenda, partner with IFLA, and better mobilize your libraries?
Speaker
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions representative
Explanation
This direct question seeks concrete ways for stakeholders to collaborate with libraries as global digital public infrastructure to advance digital inclusion and the WSIS agenda
How to establish concrete mechanisms to address unilateral coercive measures and their extraterritorial effects on digital development
Speaker
Islamic Republic of Iran
Explanation
Iran noted the absence of concrete mechanisms to protect developing countries from digital fragmentation and restricted access to critical digital infrastructure caused by such measures
How to define clear roles, accountability, and responsibility of stakeholders, particularly large technology companies and cross-border digital platforms
Speaker
Islamic Republic of Iran
Explanation
This addresses the need to clarify the relationship between tech companies, users, and national regulatory authorities in the multi-stakeholder governance model
How to develop new epistemologies and interpretations for emerging AI technologies and their intersection with digital rights
Speaker
Bangladesh
Explanation
Bangladesh emphasized the need for new frameworks to understand and govern AI as it rapidly evolves, noting that tech transcendence and singularity are on the horizon
How to leverage intersection points between WSIS, Global Digital Compact, AI for Good, and Pact for the Future processes
Speaker
Bangladesh
Explanation
Bangladesh identified that these four UN processes will intersect in the coming months and suggested finding ways to create common standards for humanity’s benefit
How to establish predictable support mechanisms for developing countries’ participation in internet governance
Speaker
Islamic Republic of Iran and Group of 77
Explanation
Both noted that while structural barriers are acknowledged, the outcome document lacks concrete mechanisms to ensure meaningful participation by developing countries
How to move from recognition to delivery on bridging digital divides at scale
Speaker
India
Explanation
India noted that while financing needs and capacity constraints are recognized, commitments on predictable financing and technology transfer remain largely procedural
How to address the platformization of work and data labor precarity in the Global South
Speaker
IT for Change
Explanation
This addresses the need to examine how AI training data generation creates exploitative working conditions, particularly for workers in developing countries
Disclaimer: This is not an official session record. DiploAI generates these resources from audiovisual recordings, and they are presented as-is, including potential errors. Due to logistical challenges, such as discrepancies in audio/video or transcripts, names may be misspelled. We strive for accuracy to the best of our ability.
Related event

