(Interactive Dialogue 2) Summit of the Future – General Assembly, 79th session
22 Sep 2024 15:00h - 18:00h
(Interactive Dialogue 2) Summit of the Future – General Assembly, 79th session
Session at a Glance
Summary
This interactive dialogue focused on enhancing multilateralism for international peace and security as part of the Summit of the Future. Participants, including heads of state, foreign ministers, and representatives from international organizations, discussed the challenges facing the current multilateral system and proposed ways to strengthen it.
Many speakers emphasized the need to reform the United Nations, particularly the Security Council, to make it more representative and effective. There were calls for increased African representation and limits on veto power. Participants stressed the importance of adhering to the UN Charter and international law, with several noting the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza as examples of the system’s failures.
The discussion highlighted the interconnected nature of global challenges, including climate change, terrorism, and emerging technologies. Speakers advocated for a holistic approach to security that addresses root causes of conflict and involves diverse stakeholders, including women, youth, and civil society. The role of regional organizations in maintaining peace and security was also emphasized.
Several participants called for increased investment in conflict prevention, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding efforts. The importance of diplomacy and dialogue in resolving disputes was a recurring theme. Some speakers noted the need to address global inequalities and ensure that the benefits of multilateralism are felt by all.
The discussion concluded with a call to reinvigorate multilateralism through concrete actions and reforms, recognizing that while the current system faces significant challenges, international cooperation remains essential for addressing global threats and building a peaceful future.
Keypoints
Major discussion points:
– The need to reform and strengthen multilateral institutions, especially the UN Security Council, to make them more representative and effective
– The importance of addressing root causes of conflict and investing in conflict prevention
– Calls for greater inclusion of women, youth, and civil society in peace processes and decision-making
– The challenges posed by new technologies and the need for multilateral governance frameworks
– The ongoing impacts of major conflicts like Ukraine and Gaza, and the UN’s struggle to respond effectively
Overall purpose/goal:
The discussion aimed to examine how multilateralism can be enhanced to better address current and future threats to international peace and security. Participants explored ways to revitalize the UN system and strengthen global cooperation in an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape.
Tone:
The overall tone was one of urgency and concern about the state of multilateralism and global security, but also cautiously hopeful about the potential for reform and renewal. Many speakers emphasized the critical importance of multilateral cooperation while acknowledging its current limitations. The tone became somewhat more frustrated when discussing specific conflicts where the UN has struggled to respond effectively, but generally remained constructive in proposing solutions.
Speakers
Moderators/Facilitators:
– Julius Maada Bio (President of Sierra Leone) – Co-chair
– Simon Harris (Taoiseach of Ireland) – Co-chair
Special Invitees/Scene-Setting Speakers:
– Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Former President of Liberia)
– Juan Manuel Santos (Former President of Colombia)
– Comfort Ero (President and CEO of International Crisis Group)
Main Speakers (approximately 40):
– Heads of State, Prime Ministers, Foreign Ministers and other high-level representatives from various countries
– Representatives from international organizations (e.g. UN agencies, African Union, Arab League, Interpol)
– Civil society representatives
Closing Remarks:
– Rosemary Anne DiCarlo (UN Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs)
Areas of Expertise:
The speakers represented a wide range of expertise including diplomacy, international relations, peacekeeping, conflict resolution, counterterrorism, human rights, and regional/global security issues. The discussion covered various aspects of enhancing multilateralism for international peace and security.
Full session report
Expanded Summary: Enhancing Multilateralism for International Peace and Security
Introduction
This interactive dialogue, part of the Summit of the Future, focused on enhancing multilateralism for international peace and security. Co-chaired by Julius Maada Bio, President of Sierra Leone, and Simon Harris, Taoiseach of Ireland, the discussion brought together heads of state, foreign ministers, and representatives from international organisations and civil society.
Opening Remarks and Tone-Setting
Julius Maada Bio emphasized the need for a more representative, equitable, and transparent UN Security Council, highlighting Africa’s underrepresentation. Simon Harris stressed the importance of inclusive multilateralism and Ireland’s commitment to UN peacekeeping. These opening remarks set the tone for a dialogue centered on reforming global governance structures and addressing contemporary security challenges.
Key Themes and Discussions
1. UN Security Council Reform
The urgent need to reform the United Nations Security Council was a central theme. Specific proposals included:
– Ethiopia calling for permanent seats for African countries
– Turkey advocating for abolishing or limiting veto power
– Liechtenstein pushing for broader reforms to enhance democracy and accountability
2. Strengthening Multilateralism and the UN System
Participants stressed the importance of revitalizing the entire UN system:
– Latvia proposed enhancing the role of the General Assembly in peace and security matters
– Peru emphasized strengthening UN peacekeeping operations
– Denmark suggested improving cooperation between the UN and regional organisations like the African Union
3. Addressing Root Causes of Conflict
Speakers highlighted the need to tackle underlying drivers of instability:
– Afghanistan mentioned poverty, inequality, and human rights abuses
– Malta emphasized education and opportunities for youth
– Denmark stressed climate change as a threat to peace and security
– The International Criminal Police Organization highlighted transnational organised crime and terrorism
4. Promoting Inclusive Participation in Peace Processes
The importance of diverse participation in peace processes was emphasized:
– Ireland advocated for increased involvement of women
– Sierra Leone stressed engagement of youth as agents of change
– The Philippines called for inclusion of civil society and affected communities
– Afghanistan emphasized empowerment of marginalised groups
5. Leveraging Technology for Peace and Security
Discussions included the role of emerging technologies:
– The Republic of Korea proposed developing governance frameworks for AI and emerging technologies
– Nigeria addressed the digital divide to promote inclusive innovation
– The Philippines highlighted tackling cybersecurity threats
6. Addressing Ongoing Conflicts
Speakers frequently referenced current conflicts, particularly in Gaza, Ukraine, and Sudan, emphasizing the urgent need for multilateral action to address these crises.
Special Invitees’ Contributions
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Juan Manuel Santos, and Comfort Ero provided significant insights:
– Sirleaf emphasized the importance of African representation in global decision-making
– Santos highlighted the role of multilateralism in Colombia’s peace process
– Ero broadened the concept of peacebuilding, linking it to trade, aid, and climate change responses
Adoption of the Pact for the Future
The dialogue referenced the adoption of the Pact for the Future, emphasizing its significance for reinvigorating multilateralism and providing a framework for future cooperation.
UN Office of Counterterrorism Insights
The representative provided practical insights for enhancing multilateralism in countering terrorism, emphasizing the need for coordinated global efforts.
Closing Remarks and Next Steps
Rosemary Anne DiCarlo delivered closing remarks, summarizing key points and outlining next steps:
– Implementing the Pact for the Future
– Pursuing UN Security Council reform
– Strengthening UN peacekeeping operations
– Enhancing cooperation between the UN and regional organisations
– Developing governance frameworks for emerging technologies
– Finalising and implementing the Global Digital Compact
DiCarlo also noted the upcoming Interactive Dialogue 3 on digital cooperation.
Conclusion
While the dialogue revealed significant challenges facing the current multilateral system, it demonstrated a collective will to enhance international cooperation. The discussion set the stage for further negotiations to achieve concrete reforms in pursuit of international peace and security. Due to time constraints, not all speakers were able to deliver their statements, highlighting the need for continued dialogue on these critical issues.
Session Transcript
Julius Maada Bio: of State and Government, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, distinguished participants, I call to order Interactive Dialogue 2 of the Summit of the Future, our Common Agenda. I’m delighted and honoured to co-chair this Interactive Dialogue together with my esteemed co-chair, His Excellency Simon Harris, teacher of Ireland, and we warmly welcome all of you participating in this dialogue this afternoon. This dialogue brings together member states and other relevant stakeholders to discuss the theme, Enhancing Multilateralism for International Peace and Security, in accordance with a concept note circulated online 14th August by the President of the General Assembly and in keeping with the terms of Assembly Resolution 76-307 on the modalities of a summit of the future and Decision 77-568 on the scope of the summit. Joining us on the podium today are Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former President of Liberia, and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, His Excellency Juan Manuel Santos. Former President of Colombia, Andobe Peace Prize Laureate, and Dr. Comfort Ero, President and CEO of the International Crisis Group, who will join the co-chairs in setting the scene for this dialogue. Ms. Rosemary Ann DiCarlo, United Nations Under-Secretary for Political and Peace-Building Affairs, we deliver closing remarks. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, allow me at this point to make a few personal and national remarks as it relates to the theme of this dialogue. Excellency, colleague, co-chair, excellencies, colleague heads of state and government, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, it is an honor to co-chair this critical interactive dialogue on enhancing multilateralism for international peace and security at this summit of the future. As we gather at this defining moment, we are reminded of our shared duty to uphold the principles of multilateralism that form the bedrock of international system, our international system. In a world that faces complex global challenges, from violent conflict to transnational threats like terrorism, climate change, and pandemics, multilateralism remains an essential tool for maintaining peace and stability. I extend my most profound appreciation to the Secretary-General and all member states for their continued commitment to advancing the ideas of multilateralism, particularly in the face of growing global challenges. As we have heard already and detailed in the UN Secretary-General’s Our Common Agenda, our world today faces unprecedented challenges, from protracted conflicts and transnational terrorism, to global health crises, and the existential threat of climate change. These threats know no borders, and they cannot be effectively addressed by any member state alone. These challenges require collective action, shared responsibility, and, most importantly, the revitalization of multilateralism. Sierra Leone, as a small but steadfast member of the United Nations, has experienced the consequences of conflict firsthand. We know too well the devastating effects of instability, but we also know the transformative power of peacebuilding, reconciliation, and cooperation. The multilateral partnerships we formed through the United Nations, the African Union, ECOWAS, and other institutions were crucial in restoring peace, fostering reconciliation, and building the foundations. for sustainable development. Our history certainly is a testament to the significance of international cooperation in overcoming adversity. As we deliberate today on the future of multilateralism, let us not forget the successes we have achieved through cooperation under United Nations and other multilateral frameworks. These successes should inspire us to continue our collective efforts, for instance, and encourage us to draw from best practices that have proven effective in recent history. We can examine the regional organization’s role in conflict prevention and resolution, including the African Union’s effort in peacekeeping and mediation across the continent. This regional cooperation model highlights the importance of local ownership in addressing security threats, a practice that could be replicated globally. Your Excellencies, we must also recognize the growing challenges that threaten the effectiveness of this system. Geopolitical tensions, erosion of trust in global institutions, the resurgence of nationalism, and the persistent inequalities among nations have tested the very foundations of our cooperation. The frameworks we have relied upon in the past must now evolve to meet the shifting dynamics of the 21st century. This evolution includes necessary reforms in our global institutions to ensure they are equipped and effective. to effectively address the challenges of today and tomorrow. This summit, as a platform for global dialogue and cooperation, provides a unique opportunity to reaffirm our commitment to multilateralism and to chart a pathway forward for a more inclusive, responsive, and effective international order. We must ensure that our efforts reflect the voices of all nations, including those of us in the Global South, particularly Africa, who often bear the brunt of global insecurity but are too frequently sidelined in decision-making processes. In this regard, reforming the United Nations Security Council must be a priority. The current structure established after World War II no longer reflected geopolitical realities of the 21st century. The Security Council must become more representative, equitable, and transparent if it is to maintain its legitimacy and effectiveness. At the same time, we must be bold and innovative in reforming the institutions that govern us, making them more representative, transparent, and accountable. In this morning’s plenary of the Summit of the Future, I delivered a joint statement on behalf of the group of seven-plus countries, and I outlined three of the six recommendations for implementation of the Pact. for the future. In addition to the six recommendations on global governance reform, in particular the Security Council for equitable representation of underrepresented regions and permanencies for Africa, the G7 Plus calls for one embracing science and technology, innovation and digital cooperation. The rapid advancement of technology offers new avenues for development, but also poses challenges particularly for countries with fragile infrastructures. The digital divide must not become a new frontier of inequality. We urge equitable access to digital technologies and investment in building the capacities of fragile states to benefit from the digital revolution. Also the youth and future generations as agents of change. The future of our nations lie in the hands of our young people. Their energy and ideas inspire hope for a brighter future. They are not just beneficiaries of the pact for the future, but important actors in achieving our desired future. We must remain committed to investing in youth and ensuring their active participation in governance, peace building and economic development. We must create the meaningful pathway for youth engagement in shaping a more just, inclusive and peaceful world. Their energy and ideas inspire hope for a brighter future. inspire hope for a brighter future. I look forward to our discussions and the valuable insights that we emerge from this dialogue. Thank you all. And I have the pleasure to invite my fellow co-chair, His Excellency Simon Harris-Tisha of Ireland to make some introductory remarks. You have the floor, please.
Simon Harris: Well, thank you, Mr. President, for organizing this important and timely interactive dialogue. And I’m delighted to be here beside President Beo to co-chair our discussion on a topic which is amongst the most pressing issues facing our world. The questions before us today are threefold. How can we reinvigorate multilateralism, better promote peace and security, and do so while continuing to leverage the technological innovation which has done so much to better our world? It is important for us to address these issues with realism and with honesty. We live now in a time in which violent conflict is proliferating, geopolitical tension is rising, and new technologies are developing which are increasingly complex and pose significant threats to global peace and stability. And let’s be frank, the United Nations is struggling to respond to these challenges. But the responsibility to change this rests with us, the member states of the UN. At the heart of this, we need, in my view, three things. Firstly, as member states, we must now recommit to upholding international law. Ireland will consistently call out violations. of international law wherever we see them and whomever commits them, be it in Gaza, Sudan or Ukraine. A principled and a consistent approach by all Member States of the UN is a minimum requirement to restore trust and belief in what we can achieve by working together. This needs political leadership. It needs a willingness to speak out and to defend the UN Charter and the values at the heart of our multilateral system. Secondly, we do need meaningful reform of the UN Security Council. Critical to this has to be the bringing to an end of the outdated use of the veto power, which undermines rather than strengthens international peace and stability. And it is beyond time that Council membership is expanded and made much more representative, with a particular focus placed on African voices. Thirdly, we need to strengthen the work of the UN in promoting diplomacy and peacebuilding, placing women and youth at the centre. In particular, Ireland strongly supports calls for a strengthening of the Peacebuilding Commission by increasing its links with the Security Council, its support to members and its collaboration with international financial institutions. The commitments made in the Pact for Future to intensify reform efforts and to strengthen capacities to address peace and security challenges do provide a valuable way forward. We have a huge responsibility to our citizens and to future generations to now deliver on this ambition. To bring a new urgency to shape an effective international architecture that enables peaceful resolution of conflicts, even when the odds appear to be stacked against us. But let us remember in our deliberations today how important it is not to lose hope, how important it is not to give in to that sense of fatalism. In words I often quote and often used by Ireland’s Nobel laureate Seamus Heaney, hope is not optimism which expects things to turn out well, but something rooted in the conviction that there is good worth working for. I believe it is with that sentiment we should take forward all of our discussions today and in the days ahead. Your Excellency, Mr. President, I look forward to co-chairing these valuable and deeply important discussions with you. Thank you very much.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank my esteemed co-chair for her statement. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, I now have the pleasure to invite our distinguished special invitees to make some scene-setting remarks before we proceed to the list of speakers for this dialogue. I kindly remind them of the time limit of three minutes for statements. I first give the floor to Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former president of Liberia and Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: Excellencies, co-chairs, Excellencies, heads of states and government, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, I am speaking today as an elder, but also strongly recalling the role assigned to me by Secretary-General António Guterres as co-chair of the United Nations. of the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism. I congratulate the Secretary-General on convening the Summit of the Future, a key commitment in our common agenda and which the Advisory Board was convened to inform. We are convening at a defining moment for the future of our children, grandchildren, and our world. Therefore, we must not merely acknowledge the challenges we face, but agree to chart a transformative course to strengthening the bonds of our humanity and sustaining our commitment to multilateral cooperation. To build a better world, we must also learn from the bitter past, which has painfully taught us that no one is truly safe where others are still entrapped by wars, famine, health outbreaks, rising sea levels, as well as political, economic, and social exclusions. Our world is interconnected and also fragile. From the global pandemic for which we are still struggling to recover, to escalating conflicts that defy borders, and from the growing existential threat of climate change to the emergence of complex security risks that are challenging our very understanding of peace, we continue to confront a series of unprecedented crises that are risking the truly peaceful and prosperous future that we all want. These realities have not only laid bare the limitation of our current international systems, but they challenge us to think beyond solutions that merely seek a preservation of the status quo. Rather than restricting it, we must revitalize multilateralism so it becomes more agile and responsive, so that it truly reflects the diverse needs, hopes, and aspirations of all peoples. For decades, multilateralism has been the cornerstone of global stability. With the United Nations rightly positioned as the most prominent symbol, including the hope for many, this architecture presupposes the unity of our nations toward the search for solutions to the common problems that affect us all, everywhere. It means that this sense of unity, notwithstanding our differences, ought to be reflected in agreements we can reach as measured by the inclusiveness toward reaching such agreements. It also means that as the challenges we face have evolved, so too must our approach to resolving them. The failure to revitalize and adopt is as grave a threat to multilateralism as those who are seeking to overturn it. No system, however good, can long endure. if it cannot adapt to its changing environment and circumstances. May I propose a few adaptive actions. Re-invigorate global institutions. We need to reform and empower international institutions to respond effectively to today’s challenges. This involves ensuring that these bodies are more representative, transparent, and accountable to the people they serve. Reform the Security Council. It’s too long overdue. The highest and most important organ responsible to the maintenance of international peace and security needs to have broader reflect, not just changes in inclusions, but also its own ability to adapt to growing challenges to international peace and security. Strengthen partnerships. Global challenges require global solutions. We must build stronger partnerships across regions, sectors, and disciplines, engaging governments, international organizations, civil society, the private sector, and academics in a unified embrace. Embrace innovation. In a world of rapid technological change, we must leverage innovation and knowledge, sharing to advance peace and security, and we should promote inclusive dialogue. Lasting peace and security cannot be achieved without the inclusion of all voices, particularly those affected by conflict. We must ensure that the perspective of women, youth, and marginalized communities are central to our peacebuilding efforts. Excellencies, as we close, let us remind you that the women and children of Sudan and other places cannot really today think of the summit, for they cannot. envision a future, whether they’re from Gaza or from Ukraine or, as I say, South Sudan. We simply must work indefinitely on a system that was created in the world of 1945. We must find a way to ensure that we can end impunity, that we can ensure that this world of ours is indeed a future for all peoples. To those that feel the reform task is too ambitious, I would like to remind them of the words of the founder of the elders, Nelson Mandela, when he said, it always seems impossible until it’s done. May we find the courage to make the reform, because as he said, it can be done. I thank you.
Julius Maada Bio: Thank you. I thank the former president of Liberia. I’d like to remind all the speakers that the three-minute time limit is going to be strictly enforced. We will now hear from His Excellency Juan Manuel Santos, former president of Colombia, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
Juan Manuel Santos: Distinguished co-chairs, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, like my fellow elder, Ellen Johnson, I would like to congratulate Secretary Antonio Guterres for his successful convening of the Summit of the Future. I would like to address the second question on today’s agenda, how to engage with diverse stakeholders and multilateral approaches to promoting international peace and security. I am very proud to say that the peace process in my country, in Colombia, has been widely and rightly recognized for its inclusiveness, particularly the participation of women, youth, and indigenous communities. Sadly, when we look at the international environment as we approach the 25th anniversary next year, of the landmark Security Council 1325, which demanded the inclusion of women in conflict resolutions and peacebuilding, the elders feel that the world has not lived up to the spirit of this important commitment. We have seen a commendable amount of progress made in many spheres, including more women in senior roles in the UN, and discussions this week have already included the growing demands which elders, and I particularly, strongly support, that the next Secretary General be a woman. Thank you. However, the decisions that most affect international peace and security are still primarily and in some contexts exclusively made by men, often the same men who resorted to violence in initiating the conflict. The elders call for the meaningful participation and inclusion of senior women in peacemaking and peacebuilding processes. Those engaging in political processes seeking to end conflict, the UN and other international actors must insist on a meaningful role for women as a prerequisite for support, not simply a nice thing to have. And I come back to the peace process in Colombia. I am a witness of the role of women in peacemaking. When the negotiations were stalled in Cuba, in Havana, they were in a very difficult moment. I sent a group of women victims to face the two sides and ask for progress. And the impact was astonishing. The conversation they had allowed the negotiations to continue and end successfully. We also need to ensure that the institutions, process, and policies of multilateral institutions are fit for purpose in a rapidly exchanging world. In this regard, I would like to comment briefly on the governance of new technologies, particularly artificial intelligence. The benefits of artificial intelligence are evident, but the risks are not. are enormous. An effective response to manage AI safely must be inclusive, transparent, and include true multilateral cooperation and sharing, sharing of expertise. While some welcome progress has been made to the national and regional levels, elders remain concerned at the lack of progress to tackle these risks globally. We are very concerned about the implications of integrating AI into nuclear command and control systems, the potential implications of which are poorly understood. Nuclear weapons already pose an existential threat to humanity that is insufficiently high on the political agenda. Unchecked AI development risks making the threat even more severe and harder to regulate in a multilateral framework. At the very least, there needs to be more dialogue between nuclear states to better understand the potential risks. As we prepare to mark the 80th anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki next year, we need all leaders to commit to reducing nuclear risks and proliferation in the interest of lasting international peace and stability. Thank you.
Julius Maada Bio: I now give the floor to Dr. Comfort Ero, President and CEO of the International Crisis Group. You have the floor, please.
Comfort Ero: Thank you, Co-Chair. Your Excellencies, Co-Chairs, Excellencies, President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and President Santos, I speak on behalf of the International Crisis Group, a global conflict prevention organization. Looking around the world, Crisis Group is profoundly concerned by the rise in armed conflicts and looking at the United Nations, we often worry that this organization is unable to respond. In that context, we welcome the Pact of the Future and its chapter on peace and security. We believe that the pact is an important starting point for strengthening the United Nations system. That includes both the UN’s operational tools and its decision-making bodies. Some examples I would like to highlight include, first, the call for a timely review of the strengths and weaknesses of the United Nations peace operations, which remain one of this organization’s most important tools. Second, the endorsement of an ambitious review of the United Nations peace building architecture, which can work collegially with countries to get the resources to address their own conflict risks. And thirdly, language on the need to address the implications of technological advances for peace and security, giving the United Nations a chance to address future drivers of war. Some of this language, including that on technology and conflict, is weaker than we hoped. The last-minute decision to cut a section on how climate change is reshaping conflict risks means that the pact does not address a major emerging challenge. But more positively, the pact does include innovative language on Security Council reform, including strengthening Africa’s voices and the role of the General Assembly in peace and security. For now, these are just words on paper, but they are also openings to revitalise the United Nations. But preventing and resolving conflict is not simply a matter of reviewing policies or reforming international institutions. It is about generating the shared political will to address the crises we face together. That means pursuing four crucial steps. Firstly, building coalitions of states inside the United Nations system, across the Security Council, the General Assembly, and other bodies, to back UN peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding. Second, working better outside the United Nations, often with regional organisations, to coordinate our responses to emerging crises and reduce our differences through joined-up diplomacy. Thirdly, seeing that making and sustaining peace is not only as a task for diplomats and soldiers, but also as priorities when it comes to trade, aid, and our responses to climate change. And fourthly, committing to searching for political solutions to the challenges and conflicts that emerge in our own societies and our features of all societies, to prevent them growing. These are all hard tasks. They are open-ended tasks and require leadership. The Pact for the Future reminds us that the United Nations has many tools to help us in this endeavour, but it is up to the UN Member States to use them. I thank you, co-chairs, for giving us the floor.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the President and CEO of the International Crisis Group. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, before I open the floor, I’d like to inform that all statements are to be made from your seat. The time limit for statements is three minutes. And due to limited time available, this will be strictly implemented through the automatic microphone cutoff when the speaker’s allotted time elapses. The red light on a speaker’s microphone will start to blink 30 seconds before the end of the allotted speaking time of three minutes, when the microphone will be automatically shut down. I thank all speakers in advance for their cooperation. In the interest of time, delegations with long statements are strongly encouraged to deliver summarized versions of their statement and to submit full text to estatements.un.org to be posted in the UN journal as part of the record of our proceedings. I now open the floor for statements by delegations inscribed on the list of speakers for this dialogue. Once the dialogue starts to hear from observers, the list will be managed in such a way to ensure the voices of all stakeholders. our heart by interspersing General Assembly observers, UN system, and civil society. I give the floor to His Excellency Ratu Wiliame Maivalili Katonivere, President of the Republic of Fiji.
Fiji: Respected co-chairs, esteemed panellists, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, today’s dialogue emphasises the importance of multilateralism and the collective efforts to peace and security. Since 1978, Fiji has been part of the collective effort to maintain peace and security through our contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping operations in conflict-affected regions all over the world. The natures of threat against international peace and security has extended beyond the traditional confines of conflict to political, economic, social, and environmental dimensions. International peace and security are fundamental for sustainable development. For this, we need strong international cooperation, diplomacy, and a commitment to upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter are indispensable. Our multilateral system must be reformed to be able to respond to new threats and to the challenges of the 21st century. We call for a more inclusive and a more representative United Nations Security Council that reflects the voices of developing countries, particularly small, island-developing states. Increased cooperation between the United Nations regional bodies and member states in the fields of early warning prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping, peacebuilding is important. In the Blue Pacific, we recognize the value of peace, having lived through the horrors of its absence during the two world wars. We need to advance the region as the ocean of peace. And guided by the 2050 Strategy for a Blue Pacific Continent, we are committed to realizing our vision for a resilient Pacific region of peace, harmony, security, social inclusion, and prosperity. We cannot do it alone. We call on multilateral and bilateral development partners to support us in this endeavor in making the oceans of peace a reality. I thank you.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the President of Fiji for that statement. I now give the floor to His Excellency Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, President of the Republic of Mozambique. President Nyusi will be coming later, and we’ll give the floor to him when he comes. For now, we move on to Guatemala. His Excellency Cesar Bernardo Arevalo de Leon, President of the Republic of Guatemala. You have the floor, please.
Guatemala: AMIGOS Y AMIGAS, YOUR EXCELLENCIES, FRIENDS. The current world is facing existential threats which requires coordinated action from the international community, from emerging conflicts, including the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the effects of climate change and the swift progress of ICTs, without an appropriate multilateral governance framework. At the same time, the clear weakening of international norms and the institutions responsible for implementing them are weakening our ability to uphold international peace and security. We are facing the risk that this deteriorating situation leads us back to a world where might makes right and there is a lack of cooperation to help us to address our challenges. As a founding member of the organization, we uphold the United Nations Charter, and we see this as an indispensable benchmark to revitalize international cooperation within a framework of rules shared by all member states. Guatemala is a successful example of how the implementation of these principles can promote peace and development in societies marked by complex conflicts. The United Nations played a key role in the negotiation of the peace agreements of 1996, and they have supported the national efforts to sustain peace. However, 79 years on from when the organization was established, deep-seated reforms are needed to tailor it to the country. reality. Implementing these reforms requires that we have a renewed commitment to the principles of the Charter, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to have political will to introduce innovative changes as well. Guatemala supports the reform of the Security Council to achieve a more effective global governance and to move forward the agenda of peace and security. The Security Council must reflect the current geopolitical realities, including regions that are underrepresented, and ensuring that it reflects today’s world. The General Assembly must also ensure that it can play a role in those areas where the Security Council is not able to reach an agreement. The United Nations peacekeeping operations also need a root and branch reform to increase their effectiveness with appropriate resources and robust mandates to deal with the current contexts. Finally, we need to work together to strengthen the role and mandate of the Peacebuilding Commission, ensuring that there is adequate sustained funding for the fund, and strengthening national ownership and capacity building at the national level as well. I urge you, I urge us, to be ambitious and to take the opportunity provided by this summit. And the microphone has been cut off.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the President of Guatemala. And I’ll move on to His Excellency Daniel Risch, Prime Minister, Minister for General Government Affairs, and Minister for Finance of the Principality of Liechtenstein. You have the floor, please.
Liechtenstein: Distinguished Co-Chairs, Excellencies, inclusive and effective multilateralism, as we are discussing it today in this room, is the very foundation of our collective success in the years to come. Safeguarding peace and security will remain one of the most pressing and challenging tasks. The United Nations, as its very core peace organization, represents, like no other international organization, universal multilateralism on the basis of international law. This international rule of law functions as a guarantor of our serenity and basis for prosperity. And for a small state without armed forces, like is the case for Liechtenstein, this is not meaningless, to say the least. The commitment to save future generations from the scourge of war is today more relevant than at any other time in the existence of this organization. In fact, we are facing the largest number of armed conflicts since World War II. With the aggression of a permanent member of the Security Council against the founding member state of the United Nations, we have witnessed new levels of escalation. We are also seeing intensification in some of the threats to security. Cyberattacks, nuclear threats, climate change, and humanitarian disasters have all reached new and concerning levels. We are looking at the Security Council to step out of its paralysis, to live on its primary responsibility for peace and security. And we have to offer assistance from the outside. But it is also our responsibility to look for alternatives. Empowering the General Assembly will remain crucial and certainly a priority for Liechtenstein. By presenting the veto initiative, we have ensured that a veto in the Council is no longer the last word, and that the General Assembly can take a decision when the Council is unable to do so. The Pact of the Future gives us the basis for the next steps, and to make sure that those who are party to a dispute cannot block Council action. Safeguarding international peace also means enhancing human security and addressing global threats holistically. The challenges we are facing have one thing in common. They all require responses based on international law. Liechtenstein is well known for its consistent and principled engagement for the rule of law at the United Nations. You can count on us as a committed and vocal partner in the years to come. I thank you.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the Prime Minister, the Minister for General Government Affairs, and the Minister for Finance of the Principality of Liechtenstein. I will now move on to His Excellency Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime Minister of Iceland.
Iceland: Dear colleagues, Multilateral cooperation is fundamental to our security. On it rests the ability to live peacefully with our neighbours, and to address major common challenges, such as climate change. Key to successful international cooperation is trust. And the more trust there is, the better the cooperation will succeed. Colleagues, The problem we have today is lack of trust. One key step to rebuilding trust and making multilateralism work for international peace and security is to honour the agreements we sign up to. Today, we have reaffirmed our commitment to act in accordance with international law. with international law, we have reiterated our full respect for the sovereign equality of all Member States, the principles of equal rights and self-determination, and our obligation to respect territorial integrity of any State. Furthermore, we reaffirm our commitment to settle international disputes by peaceful means and our commitment to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. So this is where we must start, by honouring these commitments. We also condemn the devastating impact of armed conflict. Yet, as we speak, Member States of this Organization are intentionally targeting civilians and infrastructure or failing to take the necessary and internationally agreed precautions to avoid such events. We are failing to enable safe, rapid, and unimpeded humanitarian access and assistance. And the casualty figures among humanitarian workers and journalists, even UN staff, show that they are not afforded the necessary protection either. I have to say that the list of commitments under the Peace and Security Chapter reads like a list of the things we are precisely not doing at the moment. Identifying the roots of conflict, diffusing tensions between Member States, and seeking peaceful settlement through preventative diplomacy, peacebuilding, and the UN are all hugely important. But it requires that all countries, including large and powerful countries, honour their commitments. This is the only way to re-establish the trust we need to make multilateral cooperation work for the peace and security of us all.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the Prime Minister of Iceland, and I’ll give the floor to His Excellency Tanja Fajon , Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, Republic of Slovenia. You have the floor, please.
Slovenia: Thank you. Dear co-chairs, Your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my pleasure to participate in this interactive dialogue on multilateralism at the Summit of the Future, which presents a unique opportunity to foster global cooperation and steer the responses to the challenges faced by our world today. Multilateralism benefits all countries, small or big. Armed conflicts, climate change, poverty and hunger, new technologies and other global challenges and threats cannot be solved by one nation alone. They need a collective response, in a good faith and in solidarity with one another. Regretfully, the current multilateral system often lacks efficiency and swift reactions, and while being aware of its imperfections, we also see the benefits that it poses. Rather than seeking ways to dismantle it, we need to put all our efforts into revitalization and reform of its institutions, including the UN Security Council, and so that it can reflect the realities of today. Ladies and Gentlemen, We need a strong and effective United Nations system, fit to face the current and future challenges. We need an organization that is able to address the challenges of the world today. anticipate new trends and adapt to the current geopolitical situation. As a current member of the UN Security Council, Slovenia firmly believes that multilateralism, dialogue, and respect for principles of the UN Charter, international law, and human rights provide the best framework for international peace and security. To that end, we are organizing this week, on 25th September, a high-level open debate under the slogan Leadership for Peace. In order to strengthen the multilateral system, with the UN at its core, and make it relevant in the world of today, we need to restore the political will and mutual trust. In this context, we also need to ensure the full implementation of Security Council resolutions. Your Excellencies, Yesterday we had marked an international day of peace, a date that the UN General Assembly has designated as a day of global ceasefire and non-violence. Regretfully, in many places around the globe, the guns have not stayed silent, and neither have the complex challenges we face gone away. I am hopeful that this summit of the future will chart a new path ahead for humanity, one towards a future where all of us can thrive, side by side, in peace and solidarity with one another.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Affairs, Slovenia. I now call on His Excellency Mihai Popșoi.
Republic of Moldova: The world is undergoing some of the most complex and challenging times. Humanity is facing multiple wars and conflicts in different parts of the world, climate change, energy crisis, economic downturns, all of which seriously undermine international peace, security, and sustainable development. International law and international humanitarian law are blatantly violated, including in our region. Ukraine is courageously defending its sovereignty and territorial integrity against the unprovoked military aggression by the Russian Federation, which ravages for over two and a half years now. In these difficult times, we must remain united and steadfast in our support of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. Many of the challenges confronting the international community transcend national borders and can only be addressed through effective multilateralism, strengthened international cooperation, and a shared sense of solidarity. Excellencies, in this regard, I would like to highlight some of the key actions that, in our view, are relevant to restoring trust and reinvigorating the effectiveness of multilateralism so that it can respond to both current and future crises. First and foremost, it is crucial to underscore the critical need to return to the principles and purpose of the UN Charter. Respect for the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of member states, including the unwavering commitment to always respect international law and international humanitarian law, as well as fully complying with the existence of a normative framework regulating arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation. Secondly, the ongoing war of aggression in Ukraine and the Middle East crises have gone and highlighted the urgent need for a robust Security Council that can effectively fulfill its responsibilities under the UN Charter. The essence of this reform is that the Council must meet the expectations and noble goals of the UN, which can only be realized when its members whether permanent or non-permanent, 25 or 28 or whatever formula is agreed, are first accountable to the international community, abide by international law, and demonstrate their commitment to peace through their own example. Thirdly, we stress the need to ensure the accountability for humanitarian atrocities, the killing of civilians, and the destruction of public and critical infrastructure through timely, fair, and independent investigations, both at the national and international levels. This is of utmost importance for ensuring justice for all the victims and preventing future crises. Lastly, we must recognize that achieving peace and security and restoring faith in the global system is not possible without sustainable development. The summit convened by the Secretary-General provides us with the opportunity to rebuild trust and effective multilateralism. Violence has no place in the 21st century, but unfortunately, it is too present today. Thank you.
Julius Maada Bio: Thank you, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Moldova. We now move on to the next speaker, His Excellency Taye Atske Selassie Amde. Foreign Minister of – Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia. You have the floor, please.
Ethiopia: Thank you, co-chairs. On the topic of this interactive dialogue on enhancing multilateralism for international peace and security, I would like to raise the following four main points, what we consider to be critical in ensuring effective multilateralism. First, priority must be given to building an effective and trusted United Nations. The United Nations must be at the center of effective multilateralism. The UN should overcome the influence coming from selective national interests. It must also augment its human and other resources to provide a trusted, convening platform for contentious issues. A United Nations without political independence, impartiality, and adequate capability to preside over global affairs will not serve our collective aspiration for effective multilateralism. Second, the principles under the Charter of the United Nations are timeless and uniquely important in the multipolar global order. The principles provided under the UN Charter are timeless. Nor rule nor alliance should be allowed to undermine our principles of sovereignty and equality, non-interference in the internal affairs of states, the prohibition of the threat of or use of force, and peaceful resolution of disputes. The pact for the future should be applied in full compliance with the Charter’s provision. Third, poverty and inequality are still at the center of global challenges, including in peace and security crisis. Distractible socioeconomic conditions are the root cause of most insecurity situations. In the pool of our collective capacity, there is no lack of resources to eradicate poverty. Instead, there is a concerning level of politicization, complacency, blame-shifting, and inadequate level of cooperation to eradicate poverty. We need better prioritization, enhanced solidarity, and political commitment to assist nations in their efforts to eradicate poverty within their policy choices. As part of the commitment to the pact for the future, it is time to do away with unilateral coercive measures and trade blockades that mainly affect populations. of developing countries. Finally, the reform of the UN Security Council is overdue. For the UN Security Council to carry out its functions and preserve its authority, it needs to respond to the quest for representation by Africa. There is no half solution or a shortcut for this problem. Africa stands at the only regional group with no permanent seat and its attendant prerogative. That is the missing puzzle of the story of multilateralism, a narrative of dashed hopes and aspirations.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia. I now give the floor to His Excellency Mohammed Badaru Abubakar, Minister of Defense of Nigeria. You have the floor, please.
Nigeria: Thank you very much, Co-Chair. Let me, on behalf of the government and people of Nigeria, commend the convening of this summit. Nigeria has remained unequivocal in its commitments to international peacebuilding and security since the first engagements of its troops in the Congo in 1960. To date, Nigeria has contributed to 41 peacekeeping operations worldwide. Under the regional and sub-regional cooperations, Nigeria has been involved in peacekeeping operations in field missions in Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Sudan, Sierra Leone, among others, and has contributed a lot in terms of finance, logistics, troops, and civilian experts, making her one of the most significant. African troops and police contributors to the United Nations missions. It is on this basis that Nigeria continues to call for the reform of the United Nations Security Council to give just representation to Africa on a permanent basis for inclusivity and deepening of global peace and security, and of course, building trust. We recognize the need for Africa to build strong and professional armies in order to, among others, defeat terrorism. Nigeria calls for the operationalization of the African Standby Force and the provisions of requisite support and resources to ensure the upgrade, take-off, and effectiveness of a center of excellence in Africa on issues of counterterrorism. We reiterate the call to strengthen regional and sub-regional cooperation, build capacities of member states, promote cooperation and understanding, as well as diffuse tension and seek peaceful settlement of disputes to resolve conflicts, especially in the Middle East and Ukraine. We must scale up efforts in addressing transnational organized crime and related illegal financial flaws through comprehensive strategies, including prevention, early detection, protection, and law enforcement, especially in the wake of emerging alliance between bandits and terrorists, including kidnapping for ransom and the act of piracy. We seize this opportunity to urge the international community to renew efforts to stem the tide small arms and light weapons conflict, especially within the Sahel region, where unperturbed access by non-state actors to inflict arms, to elicit arms and light weapons, continue to foster insecurity. I conclude by reiterating Nigeria’s commitment to continue to support the effort of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the Minister of Defence of Nigeria, and I give the floor to Her Excellency Baiba Braže, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Latvia.
Latvia: Mr. President, Excellencies, Since the founding of the UN, there has not been a greater need for resolute and collective actions than now. The times of hardship are the times of opportunity, and the summit of the future is a good opportunity. So first and foremost step in our view is to reaffirm the commitment to the UN Charter-based international order. The Charter, for the first time in international law, prohibited aggression and established the principles of the territorial integrity, respect for it, and respect for internationally recognized borders. Strong adherence to these norms means also promoting accountability in case of their violations, and it is essential to effectively address the growing challenges to international peace and security. So we strongly support steps that further strengthen the UN by revitalizing the UN system and advance UN Security Council reform. The latter has to rectify the past injustices and ensure equitable regional representation of African, Latin American, small island developing states. As a member of the Accountability, Coherence, and Transparency Committee, I am pleased to be a part of the UN Security Council. Transparency Group, we will continue supporting efforts aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the Security Council. Further, we must be more decisive and bolder in our commitment to achieve progress towards implementation of the Agenda 2030. Digital and emerging technologies, in this respect, hold immense potential to drive progress towards a sustainable future for all nations. However, misuse of them will adversely affect societies and countries. Thus, inclusive digital transformation, with human rights at its core, is essential. That includes resilience to disinformation. Latvia has valuable experience in building information integrity and promoting media literacy, as shown here in the UN by initiatives with a number of countries together. And we are ready to share this experience with the international community. To achieve those steps mentioned above, we have to work together with various stakeholders, including civil society, private sector, academia, and especially marginalized and affected communities. Inclusion and empowerment of women and girls in decision-making is paramount, as well as the participation of youth. To conclude, I fully endorse President Santoso’s call for the next Secretary-General to be female. And I thank you.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Latvia. I now give the floor to His Excellency Felipe Jacinto Nyusi, President of the Republic of Mozambique.
Mozambique: crisis, such as geopolitical conflicts, poverty, pandemics. These crises have exacerbated inequalities, throwing millions of people to poverty and food insecurity. With the Pact for the Future adopted today, we have established sound foundations to respond to the needs and interests of present and future generations. This summit is the most appropriate platform to galvanize the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs, that six years before its deadline in 2030, only 17% of the targets have progressed meaningfully. In 2020, Mozambique submitted the first National Voluntary Review Report, which noted significant progress in areas such as access to potable water, expansion and improved access to justice, more access and retention of girls in school, and sustainable of oceans through initiatives to mitigate the impact of climate change, among other achievements. Global crises we experience impel us to strengthen multilateralism based on a common agenda of cooperation, collaboration, solidarity, dialogue, and mutual trust. It is also imperative to reform the collective security system to better resolve the conflicts that affect the world by resorting to preventive diplomacy, mediation, good offices by the Secretary General, and minimize confrontations between states. I conclude by standing for a reform of the international financial architecture, public debt sustainability, peace and security, and development financing to make the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals viable by 2030. by 2030. Thank you very much for your attention.
Julius Maada Bio: Zheenbek Kulubaev, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyzstan. You have the floor,
Kyrgyzstan: Thank you, Co-Chair, Excellencies. The maintenance of international peace and security has become very challenging. The world is going through a dangerous geopolitical turbulence and confrontation since the Cold War end. The ongoing conflict in Middle East, Eastern Europe and other parts of the planet are the very demonstration of the critical security situation in the world. In the meantime, I cannot disagree with the view that the current geopolitical confrontation between some permanent members of the Security Council is the root cause for the deadlock in the existing multilateral system. We need to act now in order to restore and maintain international peace and security. I call on the permanent members of the Security Council to engage in a constructive dialogue and make decisions that meet the interests of the global community. In each part, Kyrgyzstan stands ready to contribute and participate in the collective action of the world community. First and foremost, Kyrgyzstan is fully committed to the principles of norms of international law and the United Nations Charter. We support the pact for the future and are also committed to its implementation. Let’s bring a lasting peace. for the future generations. Second, we will continue to work together on strengthening multilateralism and its institutions, which are the beating heart of the United Nations. We support a popular call for making the Security Council more efficient and the geographical representatives through its reform, as well as for enhancing a role of the UN General Assembly on the matters related to the maintenance of international peace and security. Excellencies, I wish to inform that Kyrgyzstan is a candidate for non-permanent membership at the UN Security Council for the term 2027 and 2028. Kyrgyzstan, like other 60 member states, has never been elected to the United Security Council. It is the right time to redress this historic injustice. I kindly request each and every fellow member state to extend its valuable support of Kyrgyzstan’s election for the Security Council. Our country is also endured by all the Central Asian countries. Let’s recall that Central Asia for the many centuries was a connecting bridge between East and West, North and South. Today Central Asia continues to play a crucial role in the maintenance of international peace and security. In conclusion, I would like to stress that the time has come to resume dialogue, restore trust and solidarity, and take collective action for the global peace and security. For the sake of peace and security..
Julius Maada Bio: I thank you for your presence here today. I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, and I call on His Excellency Elmedin Konaković .
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Co-chair, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, it is both an honor and a deep personal responsibility to address this gathering today. For my country, this is not an abstract or distant concept. We are a country that has lived through the horrors of war, and we have felt personally the consequences of what happens when multilateral systems fail. But also, we know the hope that arises when nations come together to rebuild, reconcile, and pursue peace. As I stand before you, I must begin by acknowledging a profound chapter in our history, the genocide that took place in Srebrenica in July 1995. This was Europe’s worst atrocity since World War II. It was a moment that should forever remind us of costs of inaction of the UN system and international community, and the consequences of indifference to plight of specific national, ethnic, or religious groups. The horrific genocide committed in Srebrenica occurred in what was meant to be a UN-designated safe zone. It underscores the critical importance of multilateralism, not just in words, but in deeds. We must ensure that promises made in the name of peace and security are backed by concrete action and by a determination to prevent such atrocities from ever happening again. Therefore, I would like to invite you to implement the UN resolution in the General Assembly of the UN, adopted in May this year, that designates July 11th as the International Day of Remembrance and Commemoration of the Genocide Committed in Srebrenica in 1995. This resolution calling for the remembrance of the victims of the Srebrenica genocide – a milestone that my country deeply appreciates. It is a recognition not only of our past, but also of the ongoing responsibility to ensure that we learn from it. The resolution reaffirms our shared commitment to truth, justice, and reconciliation – principles that are the heart of any peace. multilateral effort to maintain peace. Our contribution to strengthening multilateralism for international peace and security was also reconfirmed during Bosnia and Herzegovina’s tenure as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council from 2010 to 2011. We brought with us the scars of our past, but also the lessons we had learned. We understood that peace and true reconciliation must be supported by a multilateral framework that encourages dialogue and inclusivity. Bosnia and Herzegovina’s post-war recovery has been deeply interconnected with international cooperation. We have been supported by the collective efforts of organizations such as UN, NATO, the European Union, OSCE, OIC, and many others. Bosnia and Herzegovina has long demonstrated leadership on the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda under UNSC 1325 as the first country in the Western Balkans to adopt an action plan under the resolution and the fifth country globally.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina. I give the floor now to His Excellency Ian Borg, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign and European Affairs and Trade of Malta.
Malta: Thank you, Excellencies. We gather today in a world that faces profound challenges requiring urgent collective responses. The mantra that global challenges require global solutions resonates now more than ever. The interconnected nature of today’s crisis such as climate change, poverty, conflict, and inequality, demands that we strengthen our commitment to the UN Charter, multilateralism, and global governance. To foster a peaceful and prosperous future, we must prioritize inclusivity. A society that leaves anyone behind cannot truly flourish. It’s imperative that we create environments where every individual can realize their full potential. By accelerating the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, we can more effectively address the underlying drivers of violence and insecurity. Our actions must reflect a firm commitment to universal values, respecting, protecting, and fulfilling all human rights. Human rights cannot and must not just be ideals, but tangible realities for all. Empowering women is crucial, as is their active participation in peace processes. This is the foundation to conflict prevention and sustaining peace. A holistic approach to maintaining international peace and security necessitates addressing the interlinkages between climate, peace, and security. This is the reality. Excellencies, the United Nations is at the heart of multilateral action, and it’s imperative that we reform it to enhance its responsiveness and accountability. A robust UN can lead global initiatives and foster cooperation that underpins peace and security. Investing in education and opportunities for young people is equally critical. They are our leaders and innovators. Empowering them is essential for sustainable development. By ensuring that children are protected from violence and have access to quality education, we lay the groundwork for a more stable and secure future. In closing, let us reaffirm our dedication to a multilateral system that is effective and inclusive. representative essential for maintaining international peace and security. Malta stands ready to collaborate with all nations to create a better future. Together we must take decisive action today for ourselves, our children, our young persons, the generations to come. Thank you.
Julius Maada Bio: I thank the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign and European Affairs and Trade of Malta. I now give the floor to His Excellency Al Sayyid Badr Hamad Hamood Al Busaidi
, Foreign Minister of the Sultanate of Oman. You have the floor, please.
Oman: I thank the Chair and Co-Chair, Your Excellencies. At the core of Omani foreign policy are the principles of dialogue, pragmatism and mutual respect. These values are prerequisites to address the complex and interconnected crises of today. Inclusive platforms like the United Nations are indispensable in promoting these values. But the ongoing war in Gaza is a stark reminder of how fragile the situation has become. The escalation of violence, the suffering of civilians and the breakdown of peace efforts challenge the principles of multilateralism and the rule of law. We are facing a chronic failure to learn from the past or to understand the present, in particular regarding Palestine. Too many of us still inhibit a Cold War mentality of binaries. zero-sum games, and unwillingness to communicate. We tend to believe the world can be neatly organized into friends and enemies. The effectiveness of our global institutions in preventing and resolving conflicts relies upon us transforming such thinking. We must develop a more open-minded and pragmatic mentality suitable for today’s multipolar world. The issues in the Middle East will not be resolved unless we are willing to speak to and listen to those we have branded as enemies. And they will not be resolved unless we address their underlying causes. Since the inception of the Zionist Project, all people of the region have become less safe. The violations of international law continue at an unprecedented rate. It is our collective responsibility to implement a just and lasting resolution that upholds the dignity and the rights of all. This must be based on a two-state solution. It is the only viable solution. And we must reform and enhance multilateral frameworks to better reflect today’s realities, including through greater representation of diverse voices, a strong emphasis on justice, and a renewed commitment to international law and peaceful conflict resolution. The Sultanate of Oman looks forward to continuing its support for efforts that promote collaboration, trust, understanding, and justice. Thank you.
Julius Maada Bio: the Foreign Minister of the Sultanate of Oman, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, and I hand over to my esteemed co-chair, His Excellency Simon Harris, of Ireland, to chair the remainder of our proceedings this afternoon.
Simon Harris: Well, thank you very much. I want to thank my eminent co-chair for the efficient manner in which he’s guided our proceedings during the first part of this dialogue. We will now continue with our list of speakers and I give the floor to His Excellency Ramadan Mohamed Abdullah Goc, Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of South Sudan. The floor is yours.
South Sudan: Excellency, the chair and the co-chair, Distinguished Delegates, it’s an honor to address this distinguished gathering at the UN Summit of Future, convening on the timely theme of Multilateral Solution for a Better Tomorrow. As we gather here today to adopt the Pact for the Future and to discuss issues of common interest on multilateralism and international peace and security, I am reminded of the profound challenges that continue to beset our world. South Sudan, a nation that emerged from decades of conflict that was ended through a negotiated peace process, stands as a testament to enduring powers of multilateralism. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development, IGAD, and the African Union and the United Nations play a great role in mediating our peace processes, demonstrating the effectiveness of collective action in addressing complex challenges. The international system today fares unprecedented pressures due to the increasing complexity of global challenges. To address this, we call upon the UN to reform its structures and processes to reflect the realities of the 21st century. We specifically support the ongoing discussions for expanding the Security Council to accommodate the voice of African people in addressing current global challenges, including armed conflict, climate change, pandemics, and rising inequalities. As a nation, we are investing our limited resources in education, health, and targeted policies to foster job creation and innovation to empower our youth. We are also allocating resources to address response to climate-induced natural disasters that have affected many years many areas in South Sudan, and in agriculture, mining, and infrastructure to build a resilient and diversified economy in our country. It is in this context that we call for greater support through technology transfer, scientific collaboration, and foreign direct investment to tap into the great potential in all these sectors. Your Excellency, distinguished delegates, South Sudan recently conducted its first Voluntary National Review on the Sustainable Development Goal, and the findings show that we must do more to make sure that our human development index is reviewed in a way that can help our nation. Nonetheless, we are hampered by the structural impediment in the form of limited resources and capacity.
Simon Harris: I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Intellectual Property for his time. International Cooperation of South Sudan, and I give the floor to Her Excellency Luminita Odobescu , the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania. The floor is yours.
Romania: Thank you. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the state of the world as of today requires a more clear-eyed and responsible global debate, ensuring peace globally goes hand in hand with an effective multilateralism with the UN at its core. It is the strong belief and commitment of Romania. Nevertheless, multilateralism is not simply a format. It is a form of attachment to shared principles and purposes where peace and security should be the common denominator. What we see, however, around the globe shows us the contrary. And when peace is in decline, multilateralism is under attack. Equally, when multilateralism does not deliver, peace is even more fragile. They are absolutely linked. The illegal and unjustified war against Ukraine, the suffering and wider stabilization following Hamas attack are different forms of violence around the globe stemming from hate and disrespect of human dignity. We are witnessing more and more breaches of international law. Ensuring peace and international security will require political attention and more cooperation at all levels. In all our endeavors, the need to protect civilians everywhere and restore human dignity comes to the forefront. This can only be achieved by restoring the protection of international law. Equally, ensuring accountability against aggressors and fight against impunity. In such difficult times, it can only be natural to consolidate and upgrade multilateralism. multilateralism. And as we witnessed in the past, when the Security Council fails to act, the General Assembly rises to the task in defense of the Charter and our common values. We are indeed of a more proactive, revitalized, and effective General Assembly. Prevention and mediation efforts should also be boosted. A new agenda for peace is a valuable basis for our future action. In all these efforts, Romania stresses the essential role of human rights defenders, youth, women, and the private sector, reconnected with citizens all around the globe. And education, in the spirit of tolerance, should claim our focus. We should also take care of our information space, as security is not only attacking physical borders, it is also attacking minds. When we live in a world of crisis, it is challenging to see the alternatives. But they are there, and we should simply not give up on finding a solution for ensuring peace and security. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania, and I now give the floor to Algeria, to His Excellency Ahmed Attaf, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and National Community Abroad. You have the floor, sir.
Algeria: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. The paralysis of multilateralism at the international level is closely entwined with the rapid deterioration of regional and international peace and security. This is a relationship which is very clear, and there is no need for interpretation or elucidation thereof. One can consider all the crises, the conflict. conflicts, and the difficulties encountered by the United Nations, specifically the Security Council. This is evidence of the fact that we are facing a crisis and an unprecedented, exceptional situation. The international community is encountering major challenges, and the Israeli-occupying, colonizing power is called upon to cease the genocide of the Palestinian people in Gaza. And these are calls that have been ongoing for nearly a year. There are calls for an end to be put to the attendant multidimensional Israeli escalation that is taking place in the Middle East as a whole. In this context, we call for this summit to burnish the image of the United Nations and to promote its central role, namely to prevent and to resolve conflict. At the same time, we cherish the hope that all members of the United Nations will renew their commitment to the Charter of the United Nations. We hope that they will respect the rules and requirements of international law before which all states are equal in terms of respect for the provisions thereof, without distinction and without preference. In this regard, Algeria calls for the restoration of the trust that has been undermined. Trust between the United Nations and the peoples of the entire world, specifically the occupied, oppressed peoples, who look towards the United Nations as a last resort for justice and an end to repression, as a source of hope at a time of pain and great difficulties as a guardian of justice and a protector of rights. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs and National Community Abroad of Algeria, and I give the floor to His Excellency Timcho Mucunski, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade of North Macedonia.
North Macedonia: Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs and National Community Abroad of Algeria, and I give the floor to His Excellency Timcho Bichensky, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade of North Macedonia. Regrettably, we are meeting at times of high geopolitical tensions, turmoil, and a persistent threat of conflicts. War continues to rage on the European continent with the Russian aggression against Ukraine and the situation in Gaza and the Middle East as examples. In addition, we are faced with threats of new conflicts, terrorism, violent extremism, threats from new technologies, human rights violations, and climate change. We know that all of these challenges cannot be tackled alone by one country. But what can we do to achieve effective multilateralism for international peace and security? The Summit of the Future offers an opportunity to strengthen global governance and to respond to current and future challenges. The pact gives us the trajectory for future global actions and paves way to enhance multilateralism. Excellencies, our future should be predictable, prosperous, and without fear. The scourge of war and conflicts should be a thing of the past. Today, we have a chance to reinforce our multilateral agenda, global systems and frameworks to make them fit for the challenges of international peace and security. Tomorrow is already our present. Thus, we have to deliver to reinforce our commitments to remain united in our multilateral actions. on unfulfilled commitments, while rising to new challenges, and to restore trust in each other and in multilateral action. In this context, I would like to reiterate that my country, the Republic of North Macedonia, stands ready to actively participate in these endeavors, to enhance efforts for strengthened and effective multilateralism, to make us resilient to today’s challenges, as well as new challenges that may arise. It is high time to renew our determination towards promoting multilateral solutions based on the UN Charter, respect for human rights, rule of law and democracy as our only available diplomatic tools. We will continue to work with the Member States and partners in all multilateral fora, through dialogue, mutual understanding and respect, to improve the well-being of all people so they can live in a peaceful and secure world. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade of North Macedonia, and I give the floor to His Excellency Elmer José Germán Gonzalo Schialer Salcedo, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru.
Peru: Thank you very much, Co-Chairs, Your Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. I would like to begin by conveying the greetings of the President of Peru. The first sentence of the United Nations Charter recalls that we created this organization to save future generations from the scourge of war. But the current context shows that peace, rather than being built, has become more scarce. We are facing more and more conflicts around the world and the highest number since the Second World War. And the last three years have been the most violent in the last 30 years. We are seeing more proliferating conflicts and the conflicts are becoming more complex. Sociopolitical reasons for these conflicts are becoming increasingly complex as well. Against this backdrop, Peru reiterates its conviction that multilateralism is the best tool that we have to address these challenges. The United Nations is the central forum to find peaceful negotiated solutions. Hence, we welcome initiatives such as the New Agenda for Peace that the Secretary General has put forward. We agree that in a collective security system, states must trust each other and states must respect their commitments to scrupulously adhere to the United Nations Charter. Selectivity in the implementation of the UN Charter erodes confidence and trust between states and weakens the entire multilateral system and, at the same time, our ability to uphold peace. We also agree the recommendations contained within the New Agenda for Peace and the need to strengthen the UN peacekeeping operations. In addition to the 250 men and women who are working in these peacekeeping operations throughout the world, we also have a rapid action force that is able to react as soon as the United Nations requires that. Allow me to conclude, co-facilitators, by reiterating our unwavering commitments to the principles that led to the establishment of the United Nations. Only through strengthened, renewed multilateralism can we address the challenges of the current era and thus bequeath future generations a peaceful future without leaving anyone behind, as we agreed to do as we adopted the pact this morning. Thank you.
Simon Harris: Thank you to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru. And next, can I give the floor to His Excellency Frederick Musiiwa Makamure Shava, the Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Trade of Zimbabwe.
Zimbabwe: Thank you, co-chairs. This dialogue serves as a platform for us to reinvigorate our collective commitment to intergenerational collaboration and to the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter for a more peaceful and sustainable future for all. The spirit of solidarity, which is at the center of multilateralism, is increasingly being discarded in favor of unilateralism and exceptionalism. It is therefore critical that the United Nations remains an anchor that underpins all our collective efforts to address challenges that are beyond the capacity of one state or even a group of states. Co-chairs, current global conflicts are stretching our multilateral systems to its limit with the real possibility of implosion. We have to address the pervasive historical imbalances that continue to shape our international system, from the legacies of colonialism and slavery to the unjust global financial system and outdated peace and security architecture. The Pact for the Future, the Declaration on Future Generations, as well as the Pact for the Global Digital Compact must join us collectively to address the multifaceted challenges which transcend all our borders. A key element of the pact is the involvement of young people in the shaping of a better tomorrow. In Zimbabwe, we are deliberately facilitating youth participation in decision-making processes so that they can actively contribute to shaping policies that impact their future and that of generations. That our youths are innovative and have the zeal to make a difference. Excellencies, the discourse on the pact resonates very well with our foreign policy, which is premised on an engagement, re-engagement, and reaffirmation philosophy. This has enabled us to broaden the scope of our diplomatic outreach, thereby cultivating new friendships and partnerships. Zimbabwe is a friend to all and an enemy to none. In conclusion, guided by the above principles, Zimbabwe reaffirms our commitment to contribute to reinvigoration of the multilateral system for sustainable and inclusive socioeconomic development. In that regard, Zimbabwe is bidding to return to the United States and to the United Nations
Simon Harris: His Excellency Titi Antonio, the Minister for External Relations of Angola.
Angola: Thank you, President. President, all protocols observed, the United Nations remains central to prevent conflict, help parties in conflict to make peace, deploy peacekeepers, and create the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. It’s imperative, then, to build trust among nations by highlighting the role of diplomacy and dialogue to foster regional cooperation, prevent conflicts, and promote mutual understanding. The new Agenda for Peace and the Pact of the Future are opportunities to further strengthen the interactions in advance much-needed reform of the Security Council, a key organ of the United Nations, where, unfortunately, Africa is the only continent not represented in the permanent category of its membership. We have reaffirmed, therefore, the common position of the African Union, as reflected in the Israeli Consensus and the Seed Declaration, which reiterates the need for at least two permanent seeds for the African continent. We encourage and enhance the operational cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations, including the African Union, and in this context, we welcome the adoption by the Security Council of the Resolution 2719 last December as an important milestone in the United Nations-African Union partnership on peace and security, since it provides the framework for adequate, predictable, and sustainable financing of the AU-led peace support operations. In an international context of great challenges, We need to prioritize multilateralism as a way of reaching consensus on the preservation of international peace and security, the promotion of sustainable development, and the defense of human rights. We therefore need to increase women’s participation and incorporate the gender perspective of the United Nations peace and security efforts. To conclude, Angola reiterates its commitment to continue playing a strategic role in conflict prevention and management, as well as the resolution to enhance peace and democracy in Africa and in the world. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the Minister for External Relations of Angola, and I now give the floor to His Excellency Tanmay Alal, the Vice Minister in the Ministry of External Affairs of India.
India: Thank you, Chairs. This dialogue is timely and useful, as it focuses attention on what could be done to stem the rapidly declining faith in the multilateral system. The multilateral structures, designed decades ago by a select few for a different era, are proving incapable to effectively address the contemporary challenges in an increasingly interconnected multipolar world. Developments over the last few years have starkly exposed these limitations, faced with dramatic challenges to the international peace and security, along with global health, climate, decelerating development, rising terrorism, and growing risks from emerging technologies. It is clear to everyone that the UN Security Council has been unable to prevent or stop serious conflicts that are having global consequences, especially for the Global South. The architecture and the tools available to the international community at the United Nations are outdated and were not designed to deal with the situations that we have today. for urgent, meaningful reform of the global governance structures, including the Security Council. India has engaged with the IGN process, and now it is high time for text-based negotiations to start. I may mention that in December 2022, during our Presidency of the Council, India organized a debate on new orientation on reformed multilateralism. On terrorism, India has long worked to build global multilateral efforts to work together to counter this collective threat. The Pact of the Future, adopted today, recognizes the need for revitalizing efforts to finalize a Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism, CCIT, at the United Nations, for which India has been arguing for a long time. India continues to engage actively with the UN Office of Counterterrorism, and is also a founding member of the Global Counterterrorism Forum, GCTF. On emerging technologies, multilateralism must help govern the use and deployment of such technologies to prevent their misuse and risks that have implications for peace and security, while promoting their use for public good. The finalization of the Global Digital Compact is a welcome development. We also need to do more in regulating the use of AI and other new technologies that could potentially have huge implications for the global community. We hope that the ways to transform global governance will not just remain as words in the Pact of the Future, but lead to concrete actions and actual reforms going forward. We cannot wait forever.
Simon Harris: I now hand over to the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Uruguay.
Uruguay: Chairman. Multilateralism and upholding international peace and security were the reasons why we decided to establish the United Nations 79 years ago. There were various ways that we could approach this question, but I have decided to focus on the most tangible contribution that Uruguay has given to international peace and security, that is to say our participation in UN peacekeeping operations, in particular the most complex task, which is protecting civilians. Exactly 25 years ago, the Security Council approved its first thematic resolution on the protection of civilians in armed conflicts. And exactly 25 years ago, we adopted the first mandate for the protection of civilians in a peacekeeping operation with the establishment of the UN mission in Sierra Leone. From that time to now, the task of protecting civilians from an imminent threat of violence has become a priority, which means that the effort that we make of sending our women and men to preserve peace in the context of armed conflicts is even more important. When our peacekeepers work under the UN flag, civilians and in particular children spontaneously seek our protection. When people in our countries ask why Uruguayan soldiers are working in foreign lands, the answer is in the importance of the role of multilateralism in upholding international peace and security, and also the principle that no one is safe until everybody is safe. Chairman, Uruguay has been and will continue to be a profoundly committed troop contributor and profoundly committed to the peacekeeping system. We are the number one contributor in our region. and as measured per capita over the last few decades. At the end of this year, we will see, we will mark 25 years of a continuous presence in the DRC through the then UN peacekeeping operation, which has since become MONUSCO. And we have learned many lessons and we have adapted our work accordingly. In conclusion, Uruguay will remain committed to the peacekeeping system that the United Nations has both on the field and also in the political and diplomatic circles. We hope, therefore, to have a broad participation in the ministerial preparatory conference on peacekeeping, which will be held on the 10th and 11th of December in Montevideo. Thank you.
Simon Harris: Thank you. I thank His Excellency the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Uruguay and I now call on His Excellency Vahan Kostanyan, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs for Armenia.
Armenia: Distinguished Co-Chairs, Excellencies, dear colleagues, the world is now undergoing a period of geopolitical turbulence characterized with a growing number of conflicts, increasing disregard to international humanitarian law and protection of civilians trapped in hostilities, gross violations of human rights, including ethnic cleansings, as meaning to solve disputes. In compliance with the basic tenets of UN Charter and international law, we can smell to lateral institutions and affects the credibility in the face of inability to promptly respond to evolving challenges. Armenia firmly supports efficient multilateral system with the purposes and principles of UN Charter and its core. We have supported the recommendations outlined in the Secretary General’s report on our common agenda and engaged constructively. throughout the process of preparation for the Summit of the Future and elaboration of a pact for the future, global digital compact, and digital declaration for future generations. We hope that the Summit of the Future will reiterate full adherence of the member states to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. The documents which we adopted today reiterate the imperative of protection and promotion of human rights as a key prerequisite for maintenance of international peace and security and advancing 2040 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The capacities of the organization to identify early warning signs and precursors of potential tensions and escalations throughout proper monitoring, fact-finding, and assessment of security, humanitarian and human rights situation need to be strengthened. We support the UN system-wide approach to prevention and peace-building on the basis of nexus between peace, security, development, and human rights. The international community should increase its efforts to protect populations from genocides, war crimes, ethnic cleansings, and crimes against humanity, find impunity for atrocity crimes and other gross violations, such as the use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare. This is the agenda that should unite us all, not only governments but also civil society, including women and youth, who should be given a stronger voice in the peace processes. Young people as agents of transformative changes and important partners for governments in peaceful resolutions of disputes and building just, peaceful, and inclusive societies. A crucial prerequisite for amplifying the contribution of civil society, conflict-affected and displaced communities, and our stakeholders in promoting peace and security in creation of conductive environment throughout upholding the fundamental human rights. human rights. I thank you.
Denmark: Better equipped to tackle global challenges so urgently needed. Denmark joined the UN Security Council in January and will stand up for international law and the UN Charter as the foundation for all peace and security. Let me highlight three key priorities for Denmark. First UN peace operation have played a vital role in conflict prevention management and resolution across the world. But evolving global threats require us to think differently. Denmark strongly welcomes the UN review of the peace operations as called for in the pact and to ensure they remain agile, adaptable and capable of addressing emerging challenges. Cooperation between the UN and regional organisations, not least the African Union, must be deepened. Security Council Resolution 2719 is a positive step in this direction, yet we need to put it into practice. Secondly, the Peace Building Commission plays a relevant role in bringing together governments, civil society, women, youth and financial institutions around peace building. Denmark would like to see the 2025 review of the peace building architecture further strengthening the Commission. And as a member of the Council, we will listen to and look for the advice of the Commission. Thirdly, peace is undeniably more sustainable when peace processes are inclusive. Thus we will continue, as Denmark, to advocate for the full, equal and meaningful peace. meaningful participation of women in all peace processes. The Women, Peace and Security Agenda enjoys broad support, but yet again it lags dramatically behind when it comes to implementation. We will do what we can to change that. And finally, in relation to that, let me express Denmark’s deep regret with the omission of climate, peace and security language in the Pact. We will remain committed to this agenda in close cooperation with partners. In closing, multilateralism remains our best and indeed our only path forward, also when we do not agree on everything. The Pact for the Future has the potential to guide us towards a more peaceful and inclusive world, but the real test is ahead of us. We look forward to doing our part. Thank you very much.
Simon Harris: I thank the State Secretary for Development Policy of Denmark, and I now give the floor to Her Excellency Berris Ekinci, the Deputy Foreign Minister of Turkey.
Turkey: Thank you, Mr. Chairman, dear colleagues. In an age of constant transformation, uncertainties and deepening divisions, business as usual is no longer an option. The ongoing war in Ukraine and the food crisis it led to, the horrendous crimes being perpetrated against the Palestinians in Gaza, or the uncontrollable rise in the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance around the world are just a few examples where the UN has failed to provide the necessary response. The constant paralysis of the organization is not only leading to the prolongation of deadly conflicts, which come at the cost of millions of civilian lives, but also undermines the credibility of the whole UN system. It is clear that the organization can only make a difference if and when its members bestow it with adequate authority, commitment and resources. We cannot continue trying the same old methods for sustaining peace and expect a different outcome. We have to devise new methods of managing this transformation based on mutual trust and cooperation. Here are our suggestions for the way forward. First, we must reform the Security Council into a more democratic, representative, transparent, effective and accountable body. Veto power should be abolished or limited. Increasing the number of permanent members or the number of countries with veto power would only worsen existing problems. Second, the UN needs to develop more effective ways of preventing conflicts and crises. Revitalizing the good offices of the Secretary General and strengthening the use and methods of mediation are a few examples. Diplomacy, when used effectively, can deliver the desired outcome even in the face of ongoing conflicts. This was shown by the Black Sea Grain Initiative. Third, the UN should continue to develop the necessary tools and mechanisms promoting dialogue and mutual understanding, both within and among our societies. This is the only way to stand against the tide of polarization, xenophobia, discrimination and violent extremism. Excellencies, strengthening the UN in a way that will help us realize these goals will require bold action and determination. Turkey, as a founding member of the UN, as well as being among the top 20 contributors to its regular budget, stands ready to fully support all efforts that will bring about a UN which will lead and inspire. Thank you.
Simon Harris: Thank you very much, Your Excellency, and I now give the floor to His Excellency Shaikh Abdulla Bin Ahmed Al Khalifa , the Under-Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bahrain.
Bahrain: Distinguished Co-Chairs, Excellencies, Colleagues, The Kingdom of Bahrain firmly believes in the power of international cooperation to promote global peace and security. In line with this belief, we fully support the new Agenda for Peace put forth by the Secretary-General of the UN. This initiative underscores the importance of collective, multilateral efforts to eliminate war and conflict. In the escalating global conflicts, ongoing wars, and the international community’s repeated failure to resolve or prevent disputes, Bahrain calls for urgent reforms to international institutions, including the Security Council. Enhancing the role of the General Assembly as a forum for inclusive dialogue and decision-making is essential to strengthening its ability to resolve destructive conflicts, protect millions of lives, and address emerging global threats such as terrorism, cyberattacks, and extremism. Excellencies, regional organizations play a pivotal role in ensuring peace and security. A prime example is the Gulf Cooperation Council, the GCC, which has effectively promoted region stability in the face of external threats. The GCC countries have demonstrated a steadfast commitment to international principles and conventions, and their positive engagements with both regional and global communities has earned them international trust. This trust has positioned the GCC as a key player in resolving crises. through de-escalation, conflict resolution, and preventative diplomacy. Excellencies, the role of women and youth in peacebuilding, as emphasized in numerous UN resolutions, is indispensable. The Kingdom of Bahrain reaffirms its commitment to promoting effective participation of women and youth in peace and security efforts. We believe this is a fundamental step toward building an inclusive and just society. In conclusion, the Kingdom of Bahrain remains deeply committed to advancing multilateral cooperation grounded in the principles of international law and the UN Charter. We believe that by enhancing regional cooperation, engaging diverse stakeholders, and promoting responsible technology use, we can build a safer, more peaceful, and inclusive world. And as we anticipate the upcoming International Peace Conference, called for by His Majesty the King of Bahrain during the Arab Summit that was hosted by the Kingdom of Bahrain last May, to address the Palestinian-Israeli conflict on the basis of the two-state solutions, let us take this opportunity to reaffirm our shared responsibility in achieving lasting peace and security for the benefit for both present and future generations. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the Under Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bahrain, and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of Belarus.
Belarus: Co-Chairs, Distinguished Representatives, it is my honor to represent the country, the Republic of Belarus, a country that is at the very heart of Europe, a country populated by peaceful people who are diligent. of more than 150 nationalities and 25 religious faiths and deeply rooted traditions. Our country’s history spans many centuries, and unfortunately, we have endured tragedies. Next year, all of progressive humankind will mark the 80th anniversary of the victory over fascism. Belarus endured all of the horrors of that war. Our country, over the period of 1,101 days, was occupied. The Belarusian people endured a genocide. Just consider that. Every third Belarusian person was killed. More than 200 cities and 9,000 villages were burned and destroyed, but we resisted. Our country’s leadership has done everything possible to prevent the recurrence of that tragedy. Belarus has neither internecine conflict nor claims to other states. We adhere to the principles of peaceful resolution of disputes, equality of states, and non-intervention in others’ affairs. At the same time, we are experiencing one of the worst geopolitical crises in modern day times. This crisis was triggered by the desire of certain Western countries to attain global hegemony. A further spiraling of this process is liable to result in global catastrophe. So legitimate questions arise. How are we to reverse these negative trends in global politics? How are we to pull back from this precipice? We propose concrete steps. At the heart of our proposal is a conviction in resolving all challenges on the basis of dialogue on global security in the San Francisco spirit, as was noted by the President of Belarus, Mr. Lukashenko, in his letter to the Secretary General. General, I quote, never – it is never too late to do the right thing and what is vitally necessary. Today, humankind genuinely is at a dangerous threshold and therefore such dialogue is more necessary than ever before. Last year, we organized an international conference in Minsk on Eurasian security. The purpose of this annual initiative is to facilitate more comprehensive indivisible security in greater Eurasia. The result was set out – the outcomes were set out in a document entitled Eurasian Charter for Diversity and Multilaterality in the 21st – for 21st Century. Only together can we achieve the SDGs. With respect for one another, there is the only way that we can achieve peace. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the distinguished representative of Belarus. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Philippines.
Philippines: Co-chairs, excellencies, the current global environment illuminates the wisdom behind the creation of the UN in 1945. As it was then, it is clear now that multilateralism provides the only viable pathway to resolving the global challenges that no country on its own can address. Even as it strains under the weight of geopolitics and crisis, it holds the hope for transforming the current global architecture so it can address challenges with greater resolve and agility. Much has been said about the reform of the UN Security Council being a most urgent task. We must reinforce the role of international law in the peaceful management and settlement of disputes. International humanitarian law is key to protecting human dignity in all situations of armed conflict. We must address fragilities with interventions focusing on root causes and in full respect for the interests of all. agency of states and communities on the ground, including victims. Peacebuilding programs must aim for sustainability and resilience, and to foster ownership and solidarity of host communities. Since 1963, the Philippines has deployed over 14,000 peacekeepers to 21 missions worldwide. We must conclude the unfinished business of nuclear disarmament. There is no justification for the existence of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction. At the same time, we must address the weaponization of new technologies and growing risk across the maritime space and cyber domains to global peace and security. Negotiating robust instruments to govern emerging technologies demands new approaches. Future-proofing our global security regimes requires the advice of scientific and industry experts. To ensure wise outcomes that outlive our age, our conversations must encompass politics, science, ethics, and humanities. To ensure rooted and durable results and processes, we must embrace the contributions of women, youth, and communities. This was the approach of the Philippines in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Medinao. We must appreciate security from a most holistic prism, recognizing, for example, the rising vulnerability of populations from the dangers of climate-induced disasters. Finally, we must invest more in institutions, processes, and solutions that affirm the primacy of the rule of law in international relations. Preserving the rules-based global order is our collective duty under the UN Charter, a most foundational one as we modernize our toolboxes for securing our peoples and our world. Thank you, Mr. Co-Chair.
Simon Harris: the Distinguished Representative of Lebanon.
Lebanon: Thank you, Mr. Co-Chair, Your Excellency, distinguished participants. The entire world is asking its citizens to immediately depart Lebanon or not to travel to Lebanon. Countries are preparing to evacuate their citizens from our beloved homeland, Lebanon. This led His Excellency, the Prime Minister of Lebanon, Najib Mikati, to prefer to stay in Lebanon alongside the Lebanese people as they face the horrors of massacres and aggression. We address you today on behalf of His Excellency, the Prime Minister, as we know that all people, without exception, have experienced and sensed the bitterness of conflict and the lack of values and standards, as well as local, regional, and global wars. This summit of the future is a clear expression of the desire to renew international agreements and restore humanity’s trust in the global partnership for peace and security, as well as respect for pluralism within every single society and between different societies. We look forward to the impact of this summit of the future in the form of sustained efforts throughout the planet in order to keep pace with the rapid developments witnessed by humanity on all levels. Most importantly is that the new generations live their daily lives in the company of technology throughout this village of a planet. We do not understand how children spend their days with their friends across the continents, a situation that will lead to the birth of a new humanity. We applaud the Secretary General’s expression that technology can either divide us or unite us. Our presence here during these extremely delicate and dangerous circumstances is for the better. the sake of future generations as well as for the sake of dialogue, security, peace and respect for multilateralism. These are delicate and necessary ideals for the well-being of humanity. We emphasize the need to restore respect for these ideals that must govern future human relations. We are in a state of sorrow and disappointment as a result of the violence and aggression suffered by our people and generations. However, we will not lose hope in a global awakening that restores respect for the values of the United Nations, an awakening leading to implementation of UN resolutions and ending the violence that threatens generations in Lebanon and across the world. Generations look towards the summit of the future with a lot of hope and with a lot of confidence. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the Distinguished Representative of Lebanon and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of Afghanistan.
Afghanistan: Honourable Co-Chairs, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, We gather today at a pivotal moment in global history where the fragility of international peace and security is starkly evident. Rising geopolitical tensions, the return of great power rivalries and the persistent threat of terrorism and violent extremism demand a united and decisive response. No nation can address these challenges alone. For Afghanistan, this reality is not theoretical. It’s our lived experience. Decades of conflict, intervention, terrorism and violent extremism have inflected a heavy cost on my people. We know the path to peace is neither easy nor linear. But we are certain that a future free from violence, hatred and insecurity is only achievable through strong political will. well, national peace strategies, and genuine multilateral cooperation grounded in the principles of universal human rights and the United Nations Charter. I would like to highlight the following points for consideration to enhance multilateralism for international peace and security. First, the urgency of reforming the United Nations, particularly Security Council, the revitalization of the General Assembly, and the strengthening of the Peacebuilding Commission cannot be overstated. Second, multilateral frameworks for peace must ensure the meaningful participation of all – of women and representatives of marginalized groups, civil society, and conflict-affected communities at all levels of decision-making. Afghanistan, especially under the current gender apartheid and oppressive Taliban regime, serves as a stark reminder of the necessity of women’s full, equal, and meaningful participation in peace processes. Third, to build lasting peace, we must address the root causes of conflict – poverty, inequality, human rights abuses, and environmental degradation – often fuel instability. Multilateralism must go beyond conflict resolution and focus on conflict prevention by addressing these structural drivers. Fourth, the international community must enhance counterterrorism and governance mechanisms to prevent violent extremism and terrorism. In Afghanistan, terrorism continues to be a central threat to peace and stability as foreign terrorist fighters and extremist groups operate under the Taliban’s control with impunity. A strong and cohesive international response to terrorism rooted in international law and multilateral cooperation is essential. Let us work together to enhance multilateralism and build a future free from scourge of war. war, terrorism, and violent extremism. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the distinguished representative of Afghanistan, and I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea.
Republic of Korea: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Today’s dialogue comes as an invaluable opportunity to rally the world leaders’ will to restore multilateralism for global peace and security, particularly as we are witnessing more armed conflicts than ever since World War II. Korea takes its third membership of the Secret Council at a time when multilateralism is facing challenges with growing skepticism about the UN. Korea could defend freedom and peace with the help of the UN forces in the early 1950s. Based on its unique historic relations with the UN, Korea is resolved to champion multilateralism and universal values such as freedom and human rights in solidarity with the global community. As a member of the Security Council, we will continue to play an active role in the agendas of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, and issues including peacebuilding and peacekeeping, women’s peace and security, climate and security, and cybersecurity. However, I won’t let go of North Korea Unmentioned, who is blatantly violating multiple UN Security Council resolutions with its unlawful nuclear and missile programs. Nor less deplorably, the mandate of the Panel of Experts assisting UN Security Council’s Sanctions Committee on North Korea was terminated due to the veto of Russia, who is now militarily cooperating with North Korea. We must remain vigilant. The UN must stand united to urge North Korea to abandon its WMD program and stop human rights abuses. As our President proposed an inter-Korean dialogue through the Unification Doctrine announced recently. And recently, we once again call on North Korea to return to the table with sincerity. The door is open for them to choose the right path. Finally, the recent rapid advances in new technologies such as AI are posing enormous implications for humanity. We made progress at an AI Seoul Summit in May to pursue a global human-centric AI governance with the adoption of a Seoul Declaration of Safe, Innovative, and Inclusive AI. Earlier this month, the 2024 Responsible AI in the Military Domain Summit in Seoul laid a foundation for norms and governance on responsible AI in the military domain by presenting an outcome document called the Blueprint for Action. We believe it’s up to us to make the new technologies our best friend or worst enemy. North Korea will join forces with stakeholders around the world in global efforts to ensure safe, innovative, and inclusive use of technology. I thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the Distinguished Representative of the Republic of Korea, and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative for the International Criminal Police Organization, Interpol.
International Criminal Police Organization Interpol: Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, we gather at a time when organized crime and terrorism are becoming increasingly multifaceted – more cross-regional, more cross-sectoral, more rapid in spreading, and much less bothered by national or regional borders. I have had the privilege to lead Interpol for the past decade. There is one key lesson emerging from the crimes, the cases, the victims, and the arrests we have witnessed. It is the readiness of criminals to exploit every weakness from a world not fully committed to come together to confront them. This is their version of multilateralism – ruthless, opportunistic, and extremely effective. They will build ties across borders, despite any differences in values, nationality, and language. They will embrace innovation for their own gains, including in the fields of encryption and generative artificial intelligence. They will not be challenged by geopolitical tensions. To them, the greater the tension, the greater the opportunity. This is a stark reminder of why multilateralism is so vital against organized crime and terrorism, and why it must continue to frame our efforts. Multilateralism is where we build and feed trust. It is where, despite tension, global actors are called to focus on common challenges for a greater good. Interpol firmly believes that inclusive multilateralism, rooted in trust and solidarity, is the foundation upon which global security must be built. Law enforcement cooperation is an integral part of these efforts. In alignment with a new agenda for peace, Interpol is dedicated to developing a global security architecture that is multilateral, resilient, and adapted to today’s interconnected threats. With its neutral stance, Interpol enables police cooperation across 196 member countries, even where diplomatic relations may not exist. Through our network, those countries are sharing intelligence, field actions, and a fundamental conviction that security is a joint responsibility. Our work is grounded in fostering collaboration and preventing fragmentation, working in complementarity with close UN partners and regional organizations across the world. We help deliver the global community’s commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, including goals 2016 on peace, justice, and strong institutions. To help shape our direction, we developed seven global policing goals as a blueprint for the law enforcement community to align and reinforce the security development nexus. So we need to work together, and we need to build trust. I thank you very much.
Simon Harris: I thank the Distinguished Representative of the International Criminal Police Organization, and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of the League of Arab States.
Arab States: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Ladies and gentlemen, the world today is at a crossroad where there are grave threats in more than one region. The more dangerous than that is that the fact that the ability to address these conflicts is eroding as a result of the tensions that are evident to everyone in the international system, tensions between the global north and south among the major countries and between them. These have dealt a fatal blow to multilateralism and caused a paralysis of the UN system. For one year, one whole year, we in the Arab region felt this paralysis. Months have passed before the Security Council was able last June to pass a resolution regarding ceasefire in Gaza after one year of destruction, of killing, one year of Israeli crimes that are being committed in a shameless and bragging manner. I said clearly that this paralysis of the UN system has made many countries feel deeply frustrated. The double standards have become very flagrant, very clear in addressing different conflicts. This graceful silence regarding Gaza for months in opposed to diplomatic mobilization that is tremendous in terms of other conflicts. When we look at this deterioration in the international peace and security and where we satisfy ourselves to address the impact of conflict instead of preventing them, other issues such – and dangerous issues to that matter, such as climate change, development finance, then the governance of new technology is also subject to differences of positions thus obstructing collective action that is effective in building the needed consensus to move forward. Mr. Chair, the League of Arab States has always looked up to the UN because it is an embodiment of the international collective will, but for decades we continue to face the legacy of the institutional structure of the First World, Second World War. This structure does not reflect the overwhelming will to establish a Palestinian state, independent state where more than 149 countries have recognized Palestine as an independent state. In fact, this structure goes against this will and deliberately sidelines it, trying to – and instead of working in a different and innovative manner to implement and enforce the international will as reflected by many General Assembly resolutions. Mr. Chair, the League of Arab States, as it celebrates its 80th anniversary, will continue to support the UN and its secretary-general and main buddies. Thank you.
Simon Harris: Thank you very much. I thank the Distinguished Representative of the League of Arab States and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
UNCHR: Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, UNHCR often asks that the more than 120 million people who are forcibly displaced are not forgotten, and that solutions to ease their plight are found. The Pact for the Future demonstrates once again the importance of action to address the root causes of forced displacement, and implementing solutions for refugees and internally displaced as well as for stateless persons. Conflicts and wars are the defining feature of the current state of world affair, and civilians are the most impacted, with very little prospect for solutions in sight. Forced displacement is one of the most dramatic consequences of the multiplication of conflicts. Global displacement figures have increased for the twelfth consecutive year. One in every 70 people on earth is now forcibly displaced. So how do we break the vicious cycle and work towards peace? First, we must galvanize the political will to resolve conflicts. This will unlock solutions to displacement and enable safe returns that we, and most importantly refugees themselves, so badly want to see. Second, the humanitarian system is at breaking point. Humanitarian actors are on the front line, responding to the emergencies every day, but every day they are asked to do more with less. We need your financial support. Finally, humanitarian aid is not an end in itself. Emergencies of man-made or natural disasters want, as early as possible, to resume normal lives. And for that purpose, humanitarian and development actors, as well as the private sector, must collaborate. from the start of the response to a crisis. Thankfully, we see more and more of such collaboration. As Monica Molit, a young refugee leader who spoke this morning at the start of the plenary of the Summit of the Future, conveyed, the youth are ready to play their role. We must all support them. The Pact for the Future is a promise that we are all committed to tackle one of the greatest of global challenges, forced displacement, together. I thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank the distinguished representative of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Distinguished delegates, before proceeding further, I’d like to remind you that this dialogue has to conclude at 6pm this evening. Given the number of speakers remaining, it’s likely that some of you may not be able to take the floor, and I encourage you to send your statements to estatements.un.org. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Association Libérée.
Civil Society 1: Distinguished co-chairs, your excellencies, dear colleagues, looking at the future while ignoring the problems and lessons of the past can only set us up for failure. We are impacting those most vulnerable and oftentimes invisible in our societies. Human trafficking victims are among those individuals hidden in plain sight. We need to challenge the systems of prejudice that exist at legislative and implementation level that allow for the burden of identification to be on victims rather than states. We need to ensure that we lower thresholds for accessing services and, crucially important, that we believe the victims. Lack of safeguards allow for re-victimization and gross human rights abuses against those affected by organized crime. international tools and protocols, such as the Palermo Protocol and provisions for victims of crime, there is still a huge disconnect between international legal provisions and national legislative frameworks. Misprioritization continues the list of challenges. We know for a fact that a gender-sensitive, victim-centered, trauma-informed, and culturally appropriate approach is needed, yet it is the exception rather than the norm in justice systems, social services, and national strategies. Human trafficking is still falsely believed by many to affect only the victims and their families or loved ones, while it is actually an issue of national and international security. Proceeds from it finance terrorism, war crimes, and enable the trafficking of drugs and arms. Under-resourcing permits for all these aspects to exist, with minimal investments being made in combating this crime, and even less being invested in the assistance and reintegration of its victims. We can forge a future free of human trafficking and exploitation, but the time to prioritize and collectively decide that is now. This topic should be a transversal one across all 56 actions adopted today, since a world in which we are still permitting the commodification of our fellow humans, especially that of women and children, should not be one any of us want to live in. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank you very much, and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of the Asociación Instituto IPAD, Paddy.
Civil Society 2: Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues. Today we face a world filled with growing geopolitical tensions, emerging new powers, and persistent old conflicts. In this context, multinational cooperation is not just an option, it is a necessity. The United Nations Charter and international law provide us with the tools to address these challenges, but we must revitalize and strengthen them. strengthen these mechanisms, as new conflicts demand new strategies. The future demands that we do not turn a blind eye to the humanitarian crisis of forced displacement caused by climate change, organized crime, food insecurity, and gender inequality, exacerbated by the rise of authoritarian regimes. This is particularly critical in Latin America, where these regimes tarnish freedom and democracy, essential principles for building states that truly guarantee the rights of all. Furthermore, wars in the West undermine any notion of a sustainable future, where common goods are not available to the poorest. Those most affected by climate change are always the most vulnerable – refugees, migrants, LGBTQ populations, children, adolescents, and young people. Young people are grappling with the economic divide and the lack of investment in their future. The Pact for the Future must take advantage of the demographic dividend, because can there truly be a peaceful future without youth? It is imperative that we inherit a planet where justice is served for those who have suffered the devastation of nature and humanity, with different levels of responsibility and, above all, reparation. Our institutions must be reformed, the Security Council must reflect the current realities, and the General Assembly must take on a stronger role. We cannot do this alone. We must work with civil society, regional organizations, and the private sector. Thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank you very much, and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
International Committiee Red Cross: Thank you very much, Mr. Co-Chair. Mr. Co-Chair, you have asked us a good question. How to apply the do-no-harm principle in relation to new— technologies. As an organization born from and active in armed conflict, the ICRC seeks to better understand and respond to the consequences of new tech in war. We start by acknowledging that new technologies have much to offer us. Better medical care, access to life-saving information in emergencies, and even in war, new technologies can also lead to more accurate targeting, fewer civilian deaths, and helping to find persons who go missing. But we also know that harmful information in war can lead to disaster, and that powerful weapons can cause devastation to civilian populations. When it comes to doing no harm, we believe that each must play a part. That includes belligerents in war, the states here today, technology companies, and humanitarian organizations. First, belligerents must respect IHL. One way to do this is to apply fine-grained geographic temporal fencing of cyber operations. We also recommend not to shut down the Internet, given how societies rely on it in emergencies. Second, states need to use cybersecurity to build resilience against digital disruption. One step to take is to separate military data and communications infrastructure from civilian ones. We recommend using separate data clouds. States must also make the rules on the protection of civilians that apply in war known, including among technology companies. Third, those tech companies should set up systems to detect harmful information on their platforms, in particular in relation to armed conflict. Their policies need to align with IHL and human rights standards. And finally, while humanitarian organizations should never be attacked, they must also prepare to be the target of harmful information. Such information can affect both their reputation and their operations. They must be prepared to respond both online and offline. Their databases must also be secure. How can we ensure that the do-no-harm principle is respected in the use of new technologies? It may not be possible to ensure that no harm at all is done by new tech. But by applying the 20 recommendations that we published last year in our Protecting Civilians Against Digital Threats report, we believe that the current multilateral system urgently needs researching.
African Union: The global peace and security architecture, in particular, is not delivering optimally. As declared this morning at the opening of the Summit of the Future, only multilateral solutions can change the course of our world. The United Nations Charter is a primary global constitution that goes beyond states and governments to highlight our shared aspirations. The African Union, in particular, calls for better coordination with regional bodies towards a fairer and more targeted approach in the peace and security domain. It is important to mention that we recommend what we call the 5Gs. Two, global identity, where we must ensure that there is no clash of civilizations, but collaborative civilization. Two, global shared values. Values of the rule of law, fundamental freedoms, political and civil liberties, legitimacy must continue to guide our work to ensure that we have the true essence of multilateralism. Three, global experience and lessons learned, leveraging on the experience of each member state of the United Nations along with their regional context. Four, global united action, the centrality of the reform of the global peace architecture, particularly the reform of the United Nations Security Council. This will ensure that all the challenges, climate change, unconstitutional changes of government, new technology, will be addressed from the perspective of every member of humanity. Five, global means of implementation, pulling our resources together to implement and enhance international peace and security from the perspective of every country. It is in this context that we welcome the United Nations Resolution 2719 to provide adequate, sustainable, and predictable financing for African Union-led peace support operations. In conclusion, co-chairs, African perspectives on the remaking of the global order must be considered. The structural root causes of conflict and injustice must be addressed collectively and objectively. The African philosophy of Ubuntu is what we bring to the table along with rich human and material endowment. The future we want must start now. I thank you.
Simon Harris: I thank you very much, and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of the United Nations Office of Counterterrorism.
UNOCT: Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the United Nations Office of Counterterrorism efforts are pivoted on multilateral approaches since the beginning of the office in 2017. We continue to rely on 44 funding partners that contribute to our policy leadership, coordination, and capacity-building work. This generous support is needed to continue to assist over 155 member states to implement the United Nations Global Counterterrorism Strategy. This strategy would also offer at least five practical insights to enhance multilateralism in addressing threats to international peace and security. First, the strategy has enjoyed a continuous consensus among member states since its adoption in 2006. A common determination against terrorism has driven member states to reach agreements bridging political, ideological, and religious divides. Second, the consensus behind the strategy was only maintained through diplomacy and constructive dialogue. These tools remain indispensable for multilateral action, present and future. Third, the strategy illustrates an unwavering commitment to preventing terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and addressing the conditions conducive to the spread of terrorism. The strategy recognizes that international cooperation and action to counter terrorism must fully comply with international law, including the United Nations Charter, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law. The rule of law must retain its fundamental importance as the basis for multilateral cooperation. And finally, the strategy underscores the importance of whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches to counter terrorism. Governments and parliamentarians, international and regional organizations, women, youth, victims, and survivors of all types of violence, academia, civil society, and the private sector all have a role to play. This morning, world leaders adopted the Pact for Future, affirming their commitment to pursue a future free from terrorism. It’s now time to act. Only through a renewed, reinvigorated, and networked multilateralism can that aspiration become a reality. Thank you.
Simon Harris: Thank you very much for your contribution, and I now give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
UNODC: Thank you, Mr. Chair, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. The many distinguished speakers who came before me have addressed the extremely complex situation and challenges facing our multilateral system. What I would like to do during my brief intervention is to offer a ray of hope. Amid the challenges to multilateralism, we have recently seen a notable success story when Member States agreed the final draft text of a UN Convention on Cybercrime last month, after a four-year process. The ad hoc committee that elaborated this text held eight formal sessions, both in Vienna and New York, with a strong participation from member states, as well as around 160 stakeholders from civil society, intergovernmental organizations, academia, and the private sector. At the outset, countries’ positions were starkly divergent, but the common and urgent threat of cybercrime managed to bring them closer together to approve the text by consensus. We at the UN Office on Drugs and Crime are proud to have acted as secretariat to the Ad Hoc Committee, and I believe that this experience holds some useful lessons for wider efforts to revitalize multilateralism. We learned that focusing on common global threats and identifying very concrete actions to address these threats together can rally member states. We learned that letting women lead can help us break new ground, as we watched a woman ambassador lead the committee to success. We learned that emerging issues, such as the misuse of new technologies, can inject some productive urgency into multilateral cooperation. We learned that the voices of civil society and the private sector can help steer conversations away from geopolitics and towards community, technical, and practical concerns. And we were reminded that the convening power of the UN can still bring all countries together on an equal footing to produce tangible outcomes. The issues facing multilateralism are undoubtedly much wider than the specific context of cybercrime, and we need unprecedented steps to move towards a multilateral system fit for the 21st century where trust is regained. But the Cybercrime Treaty is proof that multilateralism endures, and that countering transnational crime is central to the global agenda and can only be addressed if we and member states work together. Organized crime groups are making sophisticated use of new technologies and becoming more flexible in their structures and operations. More than ever, they represent a threat to peace. security, and development, warranting a more coordinated and robust response from the UN. The Pact for the Future will help refocusing on the values of the UN Charter and fostering dialogue around universal common interests and concrete joint actions, and can contribute to enhancing multilateralism for a more peaceful and secure world. Thank you.
Simon Harris: Thank you very much. I thank the distinguished representative of the UNODC for her contribution. Distinguished delegates, we have come to the end of the time available for the interactive dialogue. Unfortunately, there are several delegations who are not able to make their statements today due to the limited time available, and again, I would encourage those delegations to submit their statements to estatements.un.org for posting in the UN Journal. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, I now want to give the floor to Ms. Rosemary Anne DiCarlo, Under-Secretary General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, to deliver some closing remarks.
Rosemary Anne DiCarlo: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Excellencies, distinguished speakers, today’s discussion has shown that the pursuit of peace and international cooperation is not a hopeless goal. It’s tempting to despair or be cynical amid the level of divisions in today’s world. However, as leaders gather in New York this week, this summit reminds us that Member States overwhelmingly want the multilateral system to be effective and fair. They know that the challenges we face, from the climate emergency and the weaponization of new technologies to deadlier and more complex conflicts, can only be addressed through international cooperation. I’d like to make three observations on what our priorities going forward should be. First, a recommitment to diplomacy. essence of multilateral cooperation, if we want to overcome divisions, we need to boost diplomacy. This requires investing in mechanisms that keep channels open, diffuse tensions, and bring different viewpoints together, especially across divides and amongst countries that disagree and dispute. I welcome the strong language around diplomacy, including on the Good Office’s role of the Secretary General and the Pact for the Future. Recommitting to diplomacy is a political choice, to resort to dialogue instead of arms, negotiation instead of coercion, and persuasion instead of imposition. Indeed, peace instead of war. It might be politically difficult and unpopular to do so at times, but it is the only decision that pays off in the long term. Second, we must invest politically and financially in prevention. The evidence is clear. Prevention saves lives. It safeguards development gains. It is cost-effective, but it remains chronically underprioritized. A new agenda for peace made a strong case for a paradigm shift on prevention, with a focus on universality and national ownership. I am pleased that many of these ideas have found support in the Pact for the Future, and we look forward to working with Member States to carry this agenda forward. And finally, we must ensure that the multilateral system, and the collective security system in particular, work for everyone. Unless the benefits of international cooperation become more tangible and equitable, we won’t have global buy-in to tackle our common challenges. The Pact for the Future points to key priorities to upgrade the different institutions at the heart of the multilateral system, including the Security Council. We must now ensure that the principles the Member States States have agreed on in the pact can form the basis for real reform. Excellencies, the United Nations was born out of a shared commitment to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war. You may have noticed the key words there – shared commitment. The UN is shaped fundamentally by the willingness – that is, the commitment – of its Member States to cooperate. As the Secretary General said in a new Agenda for Peace, if war is a choice, peace can be too. Thank you.
Simon Harris: Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, we have come to the end of our interactive Dialogue No. 2 of the Summit of the Future. Also, on behalf of my esteemed co-chair, the President of the Republic of Sierra Leone, I sincerely thank all of our speakers and our special invitees for their active participation and their insightful contributions to our discussion on the thought-provoking theme of this Dialogue. Before we adjourn, I’d like to also inform participants that Interactive Dialogue 3 of the Summit of the Future, entitled Towards a Common Digital Future – Strengthening Inclusive Innovation and Cooperation to Bridge the Digital Divide, will take place in this Chamber at 10 a.m. tomorrow, Monday 23 September. Interactive Dialogue 2 on Enhancing Multilateralism for International Peace and Security is now concluded. The meeting is adjourned.
Sierra Leone
Speech speed
87 words per minute
Speech length
1954 words
Speech time
1335 seconds
Expand membership to be more representative
Explanation
Julius Maada Bio argues for reforming the UN Security Council to make it more representative. He suggests expanding membership to better reflect current geopolitical realities.
Evidence
Calls for equitable representation of underrepresented regions and permanencies for Africa
Major Discussion Point
Reforming the UN Security Council
Agreed with
Turkey
Ethiopia
Liechtenstein
India
Agreed on
Reform of the UN Security Council
Disagreed with
Turkey
Ethiopia
Liechtenstein
Disagreed on
UN Security Council Reform
Turkey
Speech speed
135 words per minute
Speech length
381 words
Speech time
168 seconds
Abolish or limit veto power
Explanation
Turkey proposes abolishing or limiting the veto power in the UN Security Council. This is seen as a way to make the Council more effective and less prone to paralysis.
Major Discussion Point
Reforming the UN Security Council
Agreed with
Julius Maada Bio
Ethiopia
Liechtenstein
India
Agreed on
Reform of the UN Security Council
Disagreed with
Julius Maada Bio
Ethiopia
Liechtenstein
Disagreed on
UN Security Council Reform
Ethiopia
Speech speed
129 words per minute
Speech length
390 words
Speech time
180 seconds
Include permanent seats for Africa
Explanation
Ethiopia advocates for the inclusion of permanent seats for African countries on the UN Security Council. This is seen as necessary to address the lack of representation for the African continent.
Evidence
Emphasizes that Africa is the only regional group with no permanent seat
Major Discussion Point
Reforming the UN Security Council
Agreed with
Julius Maada Bio
Turkey
Liechtenstein
India
Agreed on
Reform of the UN Security Council
Disagreed with
Julius Maada Bio
Turkey
Liechtenstein
Disagreed on
UN Security Council Reform
Liechtenstein
Speech speed
134 words per minute
Speech length
389 words
Speech time
173 seconds
Make Council more democratic, transparent and accountable
Explanation
Liechtenstein calls for reforms to make the UN Security Council more democratic, transparent, and accountable. This is seen as essential for improving the Council’s effectiveness and legitimacy.
Major Discussion Point
Reforming the UN Security Council
Agreed with
Julius Maada Bio
Turkey
Ethiopia
India
Agreed on
Reform of the UN Security Council
Disagreed with
Julius Maada Bio
Turkey
Ethiopia
Disagreed on
UN Security Council Reform
India
Speech speed
142 words per minute
Speech length
389 words
Speech time
163 seconds
Revitalize UN institutions to address 21st century challenges
Explanation
India argues for revitalizing UN institutions to better address contemporary global challenges. This includes adapting to an increasingly interconnected and multipolar world.
Evidence
Cites recent global crises that have exposed limitations of current UN structures
Major Discussion Point
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
Agreed with
Latvia
Peru
Denmark
Agreed on
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
Latvia
Speech speed
127 words per minute
Speech length
366 words
Speech time
171 seconds
Enhance role of General Assembly in peace and security
Explanation
Latvia proposes enhancing the role of the UN General Assembly in matters of peace and security. This is seen as a way to increase inclusivity and effectiveness in addressing global challenges.
Major Discussion Point
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
Agreed with
India
Peru
Denmark
Agreed on
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
Peru
Speech speed
124 words per minute
Speech length
348 words
Speech time
167 seconds
Strengthen UN peacekeeping operations
Explanation
Peru advocates for strengthening UN peacekeeping operations. This is seen as crucial for improving the UN’s ability to maintain international peace and security.
Evidence
Mentions Peru’s contribution of 250 personnel to UN peacekeeping operations
Major Discussion Point
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
Agreed with
India
Latvia
Denmark
Agreed on
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
Denmark
Speech speed
135 words per minute
Speech length
350 words
Speech time
154 seconds
Improve cooperation between UN and regional organizations like African Union
Explanation
Denmark calls for improved cooperation between the UN and regional organizations, particularly the African Union. This is seen as essential for more effective peacekeeping and conflict resolution.
Evidence
Cites UN Security Council Resolution 2719 as a positive step
Major Discussion Point
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
Agreed with
India
Latvia
Peru
Agreed on
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
Tackle climate change as a threat to peace and security
Explanation
Denmark emphasizes the need to address climate change as a threat to peace and security. They argue that climate issues are interconnected with conflict and instability.
Evidence
Expresses regret at the omission of climate, peace and security language in the Pact
Major Discussion Point
Addressing root causes of conflict
Agreed with
Afghanistan
Malta
International Criminal Police Organization
Agreed on
Addressing root causes of conflict
Afghanistan
Speech speed
123 words per minute
Speech length
365 words
Speech time
177 seconds
Focus on poverty, inequality, human rights abuses as drivers of instability
Explanation
Afghanistan emphasizes the need to address root causes of conflict such as poverty, inequality, and human rights abuses. They argue these factors fuel instability and must be tackled to build lasting peace.
Major Discussion Point
Addressing root causes of conflict
Agreed with
Denmark
Malta
International Criminal Police Organization
Agreed on
Addressing root causes of conflict
Empower marginalized groups in decision-making
Explanation
Afghanistan advocates for empowering marginalized groups in decision-making processes related to peace and security. This is seen as crucial for building more inclusive and sustainable peace.
Evidence
Cites the current situation in Afghanistan under Taliban rule as an example of the consequences of exclusion
Major Discussion Point
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Agreed with
Ireland
Sierra Leone
Philippines
Agreed on
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Malta
Speech speed
125 words per minute
Speech length
332 words
Speech time
158 seconds
Invest in education and opportunities for youth
Explanation
Malta calls for investment in education and opportunities for young people. This is seen as critical for sustainable development and building a more stable future.
Major Discussion Point
Addressing root causes of conflict
Agreed with
Denmark
Afghanistan
International Criminal Police Organization
Agreed on
Addressing root causes of conflict
Interpol
Speech speed
0 words per minute
Speech length
0 words
Speech time
1 seconds
Address transnational organized crime and terrorism
Explanation
Interpol emphasizes the need to address transnational organized crime and terrorism. They argue that these issues are becoming increasingly complex and cross-border in nature.
Evidence
Cites experience from a decade of leading Interpol and witnessing evolving criminal trends
Major Discussion Point
Addressing root causes of conflict
Agreed with
Denmark
Afghanistan
Malta
Agreed on
Addressing root causes of conflict
Ireland
Speech speed
0 words per minute
Speech length
0 words
Speech time
1 seconds
Ensure meaningful participation of women
Explanation
Ireland advocates for ensuring the meaningful participation of women in peace processes. This is seen as essential for more effective and sustainable peacebuilding.
Major Discussion Point
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Agreed with
Sierra Leone
Philippines
Afghanistan
Agreed on
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Sierra Leone
Speech speed
0 words per minute
Speech length
0 words
Speech time
1 seconds
Engage youth as agents of change
Explanation
Sierra Leone emphasizes the importance of engaging youth as agents of change in peace processes. They argue that young people’s energy and ideas are crucial for building a more peaceful future.
Major Discussion Point
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Agreed with
Ireland
Philippines
Afghanistan
Agreed on
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Philippines
Speech speed
132 words per minute
Speech length
386 words
Speech time
174 seconds
Include civil society and affected communities
Explanation
The Philippines calls for the inclusion of civil society and affected communities in peace processes. This is seen as necessary for ensuring more comprehensive and sustainable peace agreements.
Major Discussion Point
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Agreed with
Ireland
Sierra Leone
Afghanistan
Agreed on
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Address cybersecurity threats
Explanation
The Philippines highlights the need to address cybersecurity threats as part of efforts to maintain international peace and security. They argue that these threats are growing and require new approaches.
Major Discussion Point
Leveraging technology for peace and security
Republic of Korea
Speech speed
144 words per minute
Speech length
399 words
Speech time
165 seconds
Develop governance frameworks for AI and emerging technologies
Explanation
The Republic of Korea calls for developing governance frameworks for AI and emerging technologies. This is seen as necessary to harness the benefits of these technologies while mitigating potential risks to peace and security.
Evidence
Mentions the AI Seoul Summit and the adoption of the Seoul Declaration on Safe, Innovative, and Inclusive AI
Major Discussion Point
Leveraging technology for peace and security
Ensure responsible use of technology in military domain
Explanation
The Republic of Korea emphasizes the need for responsible use of technology in the military domain. They argue for the development of norms and governance frameworks for military AI applications.
Evidence
Cites the 2024 Responsible AI in the Military Domain Summit in Seoul
Major Discussion Point
Leveraging technology for peace and security
Nigeria
Speech speed
120 words per minute
Speech length
369 words
Speech time
183 seconds
Bridge the digital divide to promote inclusive innovation
Explanation
Nigeria calls for bridging the digital divide to promote inclusive innovation. This is seen as essential for ensuring that the benefits of technological advancements are shared equitably.
Major Discussion Point
Leveraging technology for peace and security
Agreements
Agreement Points
Reform of the UN Security Council
Julius Maada Bio
Turkey
Ethiopia
Liechtenstein
India
Expand membership to be more representative
Abolish or limit veto power
Include permanent seats for Africa
Make Council more democratic, transparent and accountable
Revitalize UN institutions to address 21st century challenges
Multiple speakers agreed on the need to reform the UN Security Council to make it more representative, effective, and accountable. This includes expanding membership, addressing the veto power, and ensuring representation for underrepresented regions like Africa.
Strengthening multilateralism and the UN system
India
Latvia
Peru
Denmark
Revitalize UN institutions to address 21st century challenges
Enhance role of General Assembly in peace and security
Strengthen UN peacekeeping operations
Improve cooperation between UN and regional organizations like African Union
Several speakers emphasized the need to strengthen multilateralism and the UN system to better address global challenges. This includes revitalizing institutions, enhancing the role of the General Assembly, strengthening peacekeeping operations, and improving cooperation with regional organizations.
Addressing root causes of conflict
Denmark
Afghanistan
Malta
International Criminal Police Organization
Tackle climate change as a threat to peace and security
Focus on poverty, inequality, human rights abuses as drivers of instability
Invest in education and opportunities for youth
Address transnational organized crime and terrorism
Multiple speakers agreed on the importance of addressing root causes of conflict, including climate change, poverty, inequality, human rights abuses, lack of education and opportunities for youth, and transnational organized crime and terrorism.
Promoting inclusive participation in peace processes
Ireland
Sierra Leone
Philippines
Afghanistan
Ensure meaningful participation of women
Engage youth as agents of change
Include civil society and affected communities
Empower marginalized groups in decision-making
Several speakers emphasized the importance of promoting inclusive participation in peace processes, particularly focusing on the involvement of women, youth, civil society, affected communities, and marginalized groups.
Similar Viewpoints
Both speakers emphasized the need to address challenges posed by emerging technologies, particularly in the areas of AI governance and cybersecurity, to maintain international peace and security.
Republic of Korea
Philippines
Develop governance frameworks for AI and emerging technologies
Address cybersecurity threats
Both speakers strongly advocated for increased African representation in the UN Security Council, specifically calling for permanent seats for African countries.
Julius Maada Bio
Ethiopia
Expand membership to be more representative
Include permanent seats for Africa
Unexpected Consensus
Addressing climate change as a security threat
Denmark
Afghanistan
Tackle climate change as a threat to peace and security
Focus on poverty, inequality, human rights abuses as drivers of instability
While climate change is often discussed in environmental contexts, there was unexpected consensus between Denmark and Afghanistan in viewing it as a significant threat to peace and security, alongside other socioeconomic factors.
Overall Assessment
Summary
The main areas of agreement centered around reforming the UN Security Council, strengthening multilateralism and the UN system, addressing root causes of conflict, promoting inclusive participation in peace processes, and addressing challenges posed by emerging technologies.
Consensus level
There was a moderate to high level of consensus among speakers on the need for significant reforms and improvements in the multilateral system, particularly the UN. This broad agreement suggests a strong collective will to enhance international cooperation and address global challenges more effectively. However, the specific details and mechanisms for implementing these changes may require further negotiation and compromise.
Disagreements
Disagreement Points
UN Security Council Reform
Julius Maada Bio
Turkey
Ethiopia
Liechtenstein
Expand membership to be more representative
Abolish or limit veto power
Include permanent seats for Africa
Make Council more democratic, transparent and accountable
While speakers agreed on the need for UN Security Council reform, they proposed different approaches. Julius Maada Bio and Ethiopia focused on expanding representation, particularly for Africa. Turkey emphasized abolishing or limiting veto power, while Liechtenstein called for broader reforms to enhance democracy and accountability.
Unexpected Disagreements
Climate change as a security threat
Denmark
Other speakers
Tackle climate change as a threat to peace and security
Denmark’s emphasis on climate change as a security threat and expression of regret at its omission from the Pact was not echoed by other speakers, despite its relevance to global security. This lack of focus on climate issues by other participants was unexpected given the growing recognition of climate change’s impact on global stability.
Overall Assessment
Summary
The main areas of disagreement centered around the specifics of UN Security Council reform, approaches to addressing root causes of conflict, and priorities for inclusive participation in peace processes.
Disagreement level
The level of disagreement among speakers was moderate. While there was broad consensus on the need for UN reform and strengthening multilateralism, speakers differed on specific approaches and priorities. These disagreements reflect the complex nature of global governance and the diverse perspectives of different nations and organizations. The implications of these disagreements suggest that achieving concrete reforms and actions may be challenging, requiring further dialogue and compromise to reach consensus on specific measures to enhance international peace and security.
Partial Agreements
Partial Agreements
These speakers agreed on the need to address root causes of conflict, but emphasized different aspects. Denmark focused on improving cooperation with regional organizations, Afghanistan highlighted socioeconomic factors, Malta emphasized youth education, and Interpol stressed combating organized crime and terrorism.
Denmark
Afghanistan
Malta
International Criminal Police Organization
Improve cooperation between UN and regional organizations like African Union
Focus on poverty, inequality, human rights abuses as drivers of instability
Invest in education and opportunities for youth
Address transnational organized crime and terrorism
These speakers agreed on the importance of inclusive participation in peace processes, but focused on different groups. Ireland emphasized women’s participation, Sierra Leone highlighted youth engagement, the Philippines stressed civil society inclusion, and Afghanistan advocated for empowering marginalized groups.
Ireland
Sierra Leone
Philippines
Afghanistan
Ensure meaningful participation of women
Engage youth as agents of change
Include civil society and affected communities
Empower marginalized groups in decision-making
Similar Viewpoints
Both speakers emphasized the need to address challenges posed by emerging technologies, particularly in the areas of AI governance and cybersecurity, to maintain international peace and security.
Republic of Korea
Philippines
Develop governance frameworks for AI and emerging technologies
Address cybersecurity threats
Both speakers strongly advocated for increased African representation in the UN Security Council, specifically calling for permanent seats for African countries.
Julius Maada Bio
Ethiopia
Expand membership to be more representative
Include permanent seats for Africa
Takeaways
Key Takeaways
There is broad agreement on the need to reform and strengthen the UN system, particularly the Security Council, to make it more representative and effective.
Multilateralism and international cooperation are seen as essential for addressing global challenges like conflict, climate change, and emerging technologies.
Many speakers emphasized the importance of addressing root causes of conflict, including poverty, inequality, and human rights abuses.
There were calls for more inclusive participation in peace processes, especially for women, youth, and marginalized groups.
The role of new technologies in both creating challenges and offering solutions for peace and security was a recurring theme.
Resolutions and Action Items
Implement the Pact for the Future adopted at the summit to guide future global actions
Pursue reform of the UN Security Council, including expanding membership
Strengthen UN peacekeeping operations through review and reform
Enhance cooperation between the UN and regional organizations like the African Union
Develop governance frameworks for emerging technologies like AI
Finalize and implement the Global Digital Compact
Unresolved Issues
Specific details of Security Council reform, including exact composition and veto power
How to effectively address ongoing conflicts, particularly in Ukraine and Gaza
Concrete steps to bridge the digital divide between developed and developing countries
Mechanisms to ensure accountability for violations of international law
How to balance technological innovation with security concerns
Suggested Compromises
Expanding Security Council membership to be more representative while potentially limiting veto power
Balancing national sovereignty concerns with the need for collective action on global issues
Promoting both technological innovation and responsible use of new technologies
Enhancing the role of the General Assembly in peace and security matters as a complement to Security Council reform
Thought Provoking Comments
We need to devise new methods of managing this transformation based on mutual trust and cooperation.
Speaker
Berris Ekinci, Deputy Foreign Minister of Turkey
Reason
This comment highlights the need for innovative approaches to global cooperation in a changing world, moving beyond traditional methods.
Impact
It shifted the conversation towards considering new paradigms for international relations and conflict resolution.
The Security Council must become more representative, equitable, and transparent if it is to maintain its legitimacy and effectiveness.
Speaker
Julius Maada Bio, President of Sierra Leone
Reason
This comment directly addresses a key issue in global governance and the need for reform of major international institutions.
Impact
It sparked further discussion on UN Security Council reform from multiple subsequent speakers, becoming a recurring theme.
We must recognize that making and sustaining peace is not only as a task for diplomats and soldiers, but also as priorities when it comes to trade, aid, and our responses to climate change.
Speaker
Comfort Ero, President and CEO of the International Crisis Group
Reason
This comment broadens the concept of peacebuilding beyond traditional security frameworks to include economic and environmental factors.
Impact
It encouraged a more holistic view of peace and security in subsequent comments, with speakers addressing interconnected global challenges.
We must appreciate security from a most holistic prism, recognizing, for example, the rising vulnerability of populations from the dangers of climate-induced disasters.
Speaker
Representative of the Philippines
Reason
This comment further develops the idea of a comprehensive approach to security, specifically highlighting climate change as a security threat.
Impact
It reinforced the earlier points about broadening the concept of security and led to more discussion on non-traditional security threats.
The Cybercrime Treaty is proof that multilateralism endures, and that countering transnational crime is central to the global agenda and can only be addressed if we and member states work together.
Speaker
Representative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Reason
This comment provides a concrete example of successful multilateral cooperation on a complex global issue, offering a counterpoint to pessimistic views on multilateralism.
Impact
It injected a note of optimism into the discussion and highlighted the potential for progress through multilateral efforts, even in challenging areas.
Overall Assessment
These key comments shaped the discussion by broadening the concept of international peace and security beyond traditional military and diplomatic frameworks. They emphasized the need for institutional reform, particularly of the UN Security Council, to ensure more equitable global representation. The comments also highlighted the interconnectedness of various global challenges, from climate change to cybercrime, and the necessity of multilateral cooperation to address them effectively. While acknowledging the current challenges to multilateralism, the discussion ultimately struck a balance between recognizing the need for significant changes and maintaining optimism about the potential for international cooperation to address global issues.
Follow-up Questions
How can the UN Security Council be reformed to be more representative, equitable, and transparent?
Speaker
Julius Maada Bio
Explanation
Reforming the Security Council is seen as crucial for maintaining its legitimacy and effectiveness in addressing current global challenges.
How can the digital divide be addressed to ensure equitable access to digital technologies, particularly for fragile states?
Speaker
Julius Maada Bio
Explanation
Bridging the digital divide is important to prevent it from becoming a new frontier of inequality and to allow all countries to benefit from technological advancements.
How can youth engagement in shaping global peace, security, and governance be increased?
Speaker
Julius Maada Bio
Explanation
Engaging youth is seen as crucial for achieving a more just, inclusive, and peaceful world, given their role as future leaders and agents of change.
How can the use of the veto power in the UN Security Council be limited or ended?
Speaker
Simon Harris
Explanation
The veto power is seen as undermining international peace and stability, and its reform is considered necessary for a more effective Security Council.
How can the Peacebuilding Commission be strengthened, particularly in its links with the Security Council and collaboration with international financial institutions?
Speaker
Simon Harris
Explanation
Strengthening the Peacebuilding Commission is seen as important for enhancing the UN’s ability to promote diplomacy and peacebuilding.
How can the international community address the implications of integrating AI into nuclear command and control systems?
Speaker
Juan Manuel Santos
Explanation
The potential risks of AI in nuclear systems are poorly understood and could exacerbate the existing threat posed by nuclear weapons.
How can the UN’s operational tools and decision-making bodies be reformed to better address current global challenges?
Speaker
Comfort Ero
Explanation
The current UN architecture and tools are seen as outdated and unable to effectively deal with contemporary situations.
How can regional cooperation models, such as those used by the African Union, be replicated globally for conflict prevention and resolution?
Speaker
Julius Maada Bio
Explanation
Regional cooperation models have shown effectiveness in addressing security threats and could provide valuable lessons for global peacekeeping efforts.
Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the session. The DiploAI system automatically generates these resources from the audiovisual recording. Resources are presented in their original format, as provided by the AI (e.g. including any spelling mistakes). The accuracy of these resources cannot be guaranteed.