3rd meeting of the organisational session of the Global Mechanism on ICT security

31 Mar 2026 14:00h - 17:00h

3rd meeting of the organisational session of the Global Mechanism on ICT security

Session at a glanceSummary, keypoints, and speakers overview

Summary

This transcript documents the third organizational meeting of the Global Mechanism on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) security, chaired by Egriselda López. The discussion focused primarily on establishing the operational framework for this new permanent UN mechanism designed to advance responsible state behavior in cyberspace. Chair López outlined key organizational elements including decision-making procedures based on consensus, meeting dates for 2026, and the structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs) that will complement plenary sessions.


A significant portion of the debate centered on the appointment of co-facilitators for the two DTGs, which will focus on ICT security challenges and capacity building respectively. While Chair López proposed appointing co-facilitators as her prerogative following UN practice, ensuring geographic balance between developed and developing countries, several delegations including Russia, Iran, China, and Belarus argued that such appointments should be made by consensus among all member states rather than unilaterally by the Chair. Conversely, the European Union, United States, Australia, and other delegations supported the Chair’s authority to make these appointments, emphasizing the need for prompt action to begin substantive work.


The discussion also addressed stakeholder participation modalities, with agreement that non-governmental organizations and other relevant parties would engage in a consultative manner while maintaining the intergovernmental nature of decision-making. Regarding the provisional agenda for substantive plenary sessions, Iran and Russia requested modifications to ensure precise alignment with the agreed mandate, while other delegations supported the Chair’s proposed structure organized around the five pillars of the cybersecurity framework. The meeting concluded without final agreement on the agenda or co-facilitator appointments, with the Chair committing to conduct informal consultations to resolve these outstanding issues before the July 2026 substantive session.


Keypoints

Overall Purpose

This is an organizational meeting for the global mechanism on ICT security and responsible state behavior in cyberspace. The session aims to establish procedural frameworks, working structures, and operational modalities for the newly formed permanent mechanism that will replace the previous Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG).


Major Discussion Points

Decision-making procedures and rules: Establishing that the global mechanism will operate under UN General Assembly rules of procedure with all decisions made by consensus, following the principle agreed upon in previous negotiations.


Appointment of co-facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs): A significant debate over whether the Chair has the prerogative to appoint co-facilitators (supported by EU, US, Australia, and others) versus requiring consensus-based selection by member states (advocated by Russia, Iran, China, Belarus). The Chair proposed balanced representation between developed and developing countries.


Organization and structure of DTGs: Discussion of how the two thematic groups will function – DTG1 focusing on cross-cutting ICT security challenges and DTG2 on capacity building. Key topics include hybrid meeting formats, expert briefings, reporting mechanisms, and ensuring geographic balance and multilingual support.


Stakeholder participation modalities: Clarification of how non-governmental organizations, businesses, and academia will participate in the mechanism, including accreditation processes and speaking opportunities during formal and informal sessions.


Provisional agenda for substantive plenary sessions: Debate over the draft agenda structure based on the five pillars of the responsible state behavior framework, with Iran and Russia requesting more precise alignment with previously agreed mandates, while others supported the Chair’s proposed format.


Overall Tone

The discussion began with a collaborative and procedural tone as delegates worked through organizational matters. However, tension emerged during debates over co-facilitator appointments, with clear divisions between those supporting the Chair’s prerogative and those demanding consensus-based selection. The tone became more diplomatic toward the end as the Chair acknowledged different positions and committed to informal consultations to resolve outstanding issues. Throughout, there was an underlying urgency expressed by many delegations to begin substantive work quickly while ensuring proper procedural foundations.


Speakers

Speakers from the provided list:


Chair Egriselda López – Chair of the global mechanism on developments in the field of information and communications technology


Russian Federation – Representative/delegation


European Union – Representative speaking on behalf of the EU and its member states, candidate countries, and EFTA country Norway


Islamic Republic of Iran – Representative/delegation


Colombia – Representative/delegation


China – Representative/delegation


Australia – Representative/delegation


Belarus – Representative/delegation (Republic of Belarus)


Republic of Moldova – Representative/delegation


France – Representative/delegation


Canada – Representative/delegation


United States – Representative/delegation


Cuba – Representative/delegation


Italy – Representative/delegation


Egypt – Representative/delegation


Senegal – Representative/delegation


Japan – Representative/delegation


Kingdom of the Netherlands – Representative/delegation


Djibouti – Representative/delegation


Malaysia – Representative/delegation


Switzerland – Representative/delegation


Mexico – Representative/delegation


Nicaragua – Representative/delegation


Argentina – Representative/delegation


Nigeria – Representative/delegation


United Kingdom – Representative/delegation (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)


Germany – Representative/delegation


Algeria – Representative/delegation


Additional speakers:


None – all speakers mentioned in the transcript are included in the provided speakers names list.


Full session reportComprehensive analysis and detailed insights

This transcript documents the third organizational meeting of the Global Mechanism on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) security, chaired by Egriselda López. The session focused on establishing operational procedures for this new permanent UN mechanism designed to advance responsible state behaviour in cyberspace.


Procedural Framework and Meeting Schedule

Chair López outlined the fundamental procedural framework governing the mechanism’s operations. As a subsidiary body of the UN General Assembly, the mechanism operates under the General Assembly’s rules of procedure, with all decisions made on the basis of consensus as stipulated in paragraph 17 of Annex C of document A-79-214.


The Chair confirmed dates for 2026 meetings: the substantive plenary session will take place from 20-24 July at UN Headquarters in New York, with dedicated thematic group meetings occurring from 7-11 December, also in New York. These dates reflect the agreed modality of two meetings per year, with additional intersessional meetings and informal consultations to be convened as necessary.


The Co-Facilitator Appointment Controversy

The most significant disagreement emerged over the appointment of co-facilitators for the Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs). Chair López proposed appointing two co-facilitators per DTG – one from a developed country and one from a developing country – to ensure geographical balance. She emphasized that facilitators would work in their individual capacity at expert level, observing principles of neutrality, impartiality, and inclusivity.


The Russian Federation opposed this approach, arguing that “Russia cannot agree with this interpretation of the fact that it falls within the purview of the chair to simply appoint co-facilitators.” Russia contended that since co-facilitators would address political and coordination issues, their appointment should be approved by consensus among all member states. This position was supported by Iran, China, Belarus, and Nicaragua.


Iran provided crucial historical context, noting that “during the discussions on the modalities of the global mechanism in the OEWG, the proposal for the chair to appoint facilitators for the DTGs appeared in the initial draft, but was ultimately removed due to the lack of agreement among member states.”


Conversely, the European Union strongly supported the Chair’s prerogative, arguing this approach was “in line with the practices in the UN for such roles” and would “allow for timely preparation of the programs of work.” Australia, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, and the Netherlands echoed this position, emphasizing the need to begin substantive work without procedural delays.


Chair López defended her position by referencing resolution 77-335 on revitalization of the General Assembly’s work and explaining the difference between the global mechanism and other processes like the Ad Hoc Committee on Cybercrime, where different appointment modalities apply.


Structure and Operations of Dedicated Thematic Groups

The mechanism comprises two groups: DTG1 focusing on integrated, policy-oriented, and cross-cutting challenges in ICT security, and DTG2 concentrating on accelerating ICT security capacity building. Both groups will continue their work until the first review conference in 2030.


Colombia provided detailed operational proposals, suggesting DTGs should focus on “rotating and specific subjects within its mandate instead of trying to simultaneously address all of the issues under its purview.” Colombia also proposed simulation exercises and emphasized the importance of simultaneous interpretation to ensure inclusive participation of technical experts from different linguistic contexts.


Australia offered specific suggestions for DTG operations, including a norms implementation checklist and point of contact directory for DTG1, and a capacity-building roundtable for DTG2. France presented a four-point framework for DTG operations emphasizing practical outcomes and measurable progress.


Germany articulated a clear vision for substantive focus, arguing that “DTGs should zoom in on challenges that we collectively share and that are of priority to our policymakers. For example, ransomware or the protection of critical infrastructure.” Multiple delegations identified ransomware and critical infrastructure protection as priority topics.


The European Union emphasized that DTG1 and DTG2 should be “interconnected and complementary,” with discussions on specific threats in the first group informing capacity-building gap identification in the second group.


Stakeholder Participation Framework

Chair López outlined the framework for engaging businesses, non-governmental organizations, and academia. The mechanism commits to engaging stakeholders “in a systematic, sustained and substantive manner” while maintaining that “negotiation and decision making are exclusively the prerogative of states.”


The Chair explained specific accreditation processes and timelines for stakeholder participation, noting different modalities for formal versus informal meetings. However, Iran argued that “consensus-based modality for stakeholder participation in the global mechanism, as reflected in the final report of the OEWG, also applies to the thematic groups.”


Multiple delegations emphasized the importance of expert briefings and stakeholder input. Germany noted that “academia, the private sector, civil society, and the technical community are central to all discussions around state behaviour in cyberspace.”


Agenda and Reporting Mechanisms

Iran and Russia argued that the proposed provisional agenda did not “accurately reflect the mandate of the global mechanism” and requested modifications to align with specific paragraphs in the final OEWG report. The European Union and Canada supported the Chair’s proposed structure.


Regarding reporting mechanisms, the European Union proposed a structured approach with progress reports in years two and four, summary reports in years one and three, and a final substantive report in year five. Senegal suggested changing “adoption of reports” to “consideration of reports” to maintain institutional memory of discussions even when consensus isn’t reached.


Calls for Substantive Progress and Compromise Attempts

Egypt provided a pragmatic perspective, stating: “After two years from now, you will be held accountable and people will ask what you provide to the mechanism. So if we do not engage as quickly as possible in substantive discussions, questions will be raised about what has been done in the two years.” Egypt explicitly supported rapid co-facilitator appointment.


Algeria attempted to bridge the divide, suggesting that “transparency in our work context is also a form of confidence-building measure” and proposing that informal consultations could achieve both transparency and efficiency.


Mexico suggested a nuanced approach where “the appointment of co-facilitators is a prerogative of the chair” but “the plenary does conserve the final decision right,” drawing parallels to General Assembly practice.


Chair’s Response and Path Forward

Faced with fundamental disagreement, Chair López acknowledged various positions while maintaining her interpretation of UN practice. She committed to conducting “broad informal consultations” with all member states before making appointments, appealing for flexibility from all parties given the “urgent need to begin our work as quickly as possible.”


The Chair emphasized that co-facilitators would work “under the leadership and under the coordination of the chair” and noted that delegations had expressed confidence in her leadership.


Conclusion

The session concluded without resolving the co-facilitator appointment disagreement or finalizing the provisional agenda. Chair López declared the organizational session closed while committing to continue informal consultations on both issues before the July 2026 substantive session.


The meeting revealed both enthusiasm for beginning substantive work on pressing cybersecurity challenges and underlying tensions about governance and decision-making processes. The success of the mechanism will depend on the Chair’s ability to navigate these procedural disagreements through informal consultations while maintaining momentum toward addressing concrete challenges like ransomware and critical infrastructure protection that delegations consistently identified as priorities.


Session transcriptComplete transcript of the session
Chair Egriselda López

We’re about to begin, so please take your seats. Muy buenos dias. A very good morning. I call to order the third meeting of this organizational session for the global mechanism on developments in the field of information and communications technology and in the context of responsible state behavior in the use of information and communication technologies. Distinguished delegates, we will now resume our agenda. Having. Completed item for yesterday. And once again, I thank you for your cooperation in having made efficient use of the resources at our disposal. before we come on to item 5 of the agenda this refers to the agenda of the substantive plenary sessions I’d like to move to item 6 of our agenda entitled organization of work I believe that these elements should be addressed first because that will help facilitate our consideration of the agenda of the substantive session and under this item I intend to take up a number of issues one by one in the following order decision making and rules of procedure dates of the meetings of the global mechanism in 2026 organization of work of the 2026 session the agenda of the substantive plenary session organization of work of the dedicated thematic groups including appointment of facilitators of the dedicated thematic groups and the modalities for the participation of other interested parties and stakeholders including businesses, non -governmental organizations and academia.

Having said that, I would now like to turn to the matter of decision making and the rules of procedure. As the global mechanism is a subsidiary body of and established by the General Assembly, the rules of procedure of the General Assembly apply mutatis mutandis. These rules of procedure are available in all languages and are available in all languages. In document A -520 -REV21. Furthermore, the heading entitled Decision -Making, as contained in paragraph 17 of Annex C of document A -79 -214, stipulates that the global mechanism would take all its decisions based on the principle of consensus. In addition, it stipulates that, based on consultations with states, decisions could be put forward by the Chair for adoption by states on a consensus basis at any time during a substantive plenary session, with decisions to be formalized as soon as they are decided upon by the future permanent mechanism.

I hope that affirmation of these understandings should be sufficient to guide our work procedurally. may I take it therefore that the global mechanism wishes to affirm the applicability mutatis mutandis of the rules of procedure of the general assembly to this body with the understanding that all decisions by the global mechanism shall be taken based on the principle of consensus it is so decided now I would like to turn your attention to the dates of the global mechanism in 2026 according to the consensus modalities agreed by states the global mechanism is to meet twice per year with one week of dedicated thematic group meetings and and one week of substantive plenary session meetings. The Secretariat has advised me, and thank you, that all the dates available for our meetings, which have already been posted to the dedicated UNODA meetings place webpage for the global mechanism.

The 2026 substantive plenary session will take place from the 20th to the 24th of July at United Nations Headquarters here in New York. The 2026 dedicated thematic group meetings will take place from the 7th to the 11th of December, also here at UN Headquarters in New York. Moreover, as per the modalities, agreed by states, additional dedicated intersessional meetings and informal consultations could be convened. as necessary, and the organisation of these would be communicated to all states. May I take it that it is the wish of the global mechanism to take note of these dates for 2026? It is so decided. I now wish to take up the matter of the organisation of work of the 2026 substantive plenary session.

On the next item of the agenda, we will deal with the issue of the provisional agenda for the substantive plenary session, but I wish to inform delegations of my intention to prepare a… a programme of work ahead of the July session to support states in their preparations. This was the practice of the open -ended working group. This Programme of Work document will be shared in advance of the session and will be issued as an official document in all UN languages. The document will propose a structure for our plenary session and is without prejudice to how the global mechanism may adjust its proceedings. And now I’d like to refer to the organisation of the work for the dedicated thematic groups in TN.

I would like to refer to the consensus agreed by States on the dedicated thematic groups as contained in document A -AT -257 Annex 1. Thank you. allow me to recall several important modalities the work of thematic dedicated groups will aim to build on and complement the discussions in the substantive plenary sessions by providing the opportunity for more detailed and action oriented discussions drawing on the five pillars of the framework in line with the agreed functions and scope of the global mechanism the global mechanism will be comprised of the following dedicated thematic groups one, an integrated policy oriented and cross cutting dedicated thematic group drawing on the five pillars of the framework to address specific challenges in the sphere of IC security in the context of international security in order to promote an open secure, stable, accessible peaceful and interoperable ICT environment with the participation inter alia of technical experts and other stakeholders.

And this is, as you all know, specific working group for one. And then we have an integrated policy -oriented and cross -cutting dedicated thematic group for drawing on the five pillars of the framework to accelerate ICT security capacity building with the participation inter alia of capacity building experts, practitioners and other stakeholders. This is DTG2. These aforementioned groups will continue their work until the first review conference in 2030, after which the review conference will take a decision on the number and scope of the dedicated thematic groups that are to be convened over the subsequent four years. Meetings of each dedicated thematic group could proceed in the following manner. Briefings from relevant experts. Drawing from a pool of experts nominated by states.

Dedicated time for focused discussions on a rotating agenda of specific issues, including lessons learned and best practice. Identifying capacity -building needs and facilitating partnerships in this regard. And also, updates and draft recommendations on possible action -oriented measures. To ensure focused discussions on specific matters, the chair of the global mechanism would prepare guiding questions prior to each dedicated thematic group meeting, which delegations are encouraged to address. In order to facilitate inclusive participation, all dedicated thematic group meetings will take place in hybrid format, with in -person participation strongly encouraged. Dedicated thematic group meetings will also be broadcast on UN Web TV. And this, in accordance with UN practice, hybrid meetings will be considered informal. the chair will be passing around some indicative dates for the work and we would be very grateful if states could send me their observations on the dates proposed in the intersessional period in accordance with the agreement by states the dedicated thematic groups will report to the substantive plenary session with their updates and recommendations facilitators of the dedicated thematic group will provide updates to the global mechanism at its substantive plenary sessions and also they can transmit recommendations for work if they so request for consideration by states.

All of this in accordance with the decision making modalities that were adopted in Annex C of document A stroke 79 stroke 214. As the dedicated thematic groups are by nature informal meetings, it is my intention to appoint two co -facilitators per dedicated thematic working group to work in their individual capacity at expert level strictly observing the principles of neutrality and impartiality and inclusivity that will also guide the work of the chair. I am convinced that this approach will help to make our work more productive and more dynamic, and will also help to share out the workload. I also believe that if we have two facilitators per group, this will ensure geographic balance. And in line with resolution 77 -335 on revitalization of the work of the General Assembly, I also plan to follow the practice of selecting one delegate from a developed country and one representative from a developing country.

And during the period prior to the General Assembly, to the official election for the chair, I found out that some experts… coming from certain regions expressed to the chair’s team their vision of how the work should be organised for the specific thematic groups. Thank you for your patience because I’d like to provide you with all of this information. So, having now informed you about all of the organisational matters, at this moment, I’d now like to give the floor to member states if they would like to make any preliminary comments with regard to the organisation of work for the specific work groups, particularly the appointment of the facilitators for each thematic group. I give the floor to the representative of the Russian Federation.

Russian Federation

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. And good morning, distinguished colleagues. I’m grateful for your presentation of your vision of the work of the dedicated thematic groups however I would like to draw the attention of my distinguished colleagues to the fact that previously we heard and this is a confirmation of the agreed modalities that were agreed by consensus and enshrined in the final report and in the general assembly resolution that all decisions political and coordination ones in the global mechanism are adopted by consensus and that was just confirmed and there was no objection to that as regards the work of the thematic groups the only instruction in the consensus modalities pointing to the informal nature of the work were due to the fact that they will it seems take place in the global mechanism and not in the the global mechanism and not in the hybrid format and accordingly because they’re in the hybrid format they have to be informal and so we all very well understand that the thematic groups are going to prepare for the presentation at the plenary political issues and accordingly the co -facilitators are by definition officials that has been the case in many other formats in the UN including in the ad hoc committee for the convention on cybercrime there they had a bureau we don’t but in any case any meetings whether they take place in a hybrid format and are therefore informal they nevertheless are led by officials by the chair of the committee or by the vice chairs that have been elected in that case there was an election because there was no consensus so officials that have been elected by member states I I I once again underscore that there’s no doubt that the co -facilitators of the diplomatic groups are officials.

Therefore, their appointment should take place through them being approved by consensus by all member states. And in that regard, Russia cannot agree with this interpretation of the fact that it falls within the purview of the chair to simply appoint co -facilitators. Thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of the European Union. Dear Chair,

European Union

thank you so much for setting out your views with regard to the organization of work. More broadly, how you would like to prepare for the plenary, but also for the dedicated thematic groups. Please let me first say that I am honored to speak on behalf of the EU. and its member states, the candidate countries North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the EFTA country Norway, member of the European Economic Area, align themselves with this statement. Chair, colleagues, as said, we are aiming for an organization of work in which the plenary, the DTGs, the Global Roundtable on Cybercapacity Building are complementary, and deliver upon actionable and practical measures. And to this end, we encourage the Chair to appoint in a timely manner co -facilitators as her prerogative, in line with the practices in the UN for such roles.

This would allow for timely preparation of the programs of work, and enable us to have stable, action -oriented, and informed discussions in the first DTGs later this year. We really see a need to ensure that the discussion in all formats are able to deliver upon the expectations of delegations for concrete results. And let me go into some more views with regard to how that results could be achieved. We see the plenary as a platform where we can discuss the pillars, guiding the dedicated thematic groups, discussing their recommendations and progressing on the implementation of the UN Framework of Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace. The work of the DTGs would provide for focused, issues -based discussions, drawing on relevant expertise through expert briefings, and followed by state interventions, exchanging on best practices, and developing practical guidance for the implementation.

DTG 1 and DTG 2 should, in our view, also be interconnected and could be complementary to each other, allowing to discuss specific threats and challenges, which could drive again the identification of gaps in capacity building. As part of DTG 2. The DDGs who provide concrete recommendations on how to best address these threats and challenges, including through capacity -building efforts. The plenary decides upon these recommendations and provides guidance, again, to the DDGs for further work. And like this, we have a solid loop that will help us to make tangible progress. To bring in the appropriate expertise and have the whole -of -government approach, inspiring further work and tangible outcomes also on the ground, we warmly welcome the opportunity for hybrid participation in the DDGs to allow smaller delegations to have meaningful participation.

In this, states should also be supported by the multi -stakeholder community that could inform discussions verbally and through written contributions, including by developing a common understanding of their respective roles on the implementation of the UN framework. Expert briefings will enrich our exchanges with technical and operational insights. We also welcome the opportunity for stakeholders to speak during the DTGs and the additional opportunities for them to contribute to formal meetings after states at the discretion of the Chair and subject to the availability of time. We also welcome the attention of the Chair to hold Chair -led consultative sessions with stakeholders in between. Please allow me also to take the opportunity of this moment to turn to the issue of reporting.

In our view, the appointed DTG co -facilitators could update the plenary in a verbal summary on the discussions in the DTGs, in addition to the transmission of recommendations to the plenary session in the case where they are agreed upon by states within the DTGs in the spirit of consensus. As for the plenary, in order to avoid overburdening the mechanism with negotiations, allowing for it to focus on practical action, the EU and Member States suggest that two progress reports for the plenary sessions could be issued in year 2 and in year 4, while two summaries of preceding reports could be issued in year 1 and year 3. A final substantive report could then be produced in year 5, in line with the dedicated purpose of the review conference.

Dear Madam Chair, dear colleagues, as said, we are looking forward to take this next step with you, and therefore we see a need indeed to appoint co -facilitators in this manner. In advancing a global, open, stable and secure cyberspace, we need to proceed, we need to cooperate. And the EU and its Member States stand ready to contribute. Whether it’s to sharing best practices, funding capacity building projects, hosting simulation exercises. all to ensure that the mechanism delivers tangible output for global cybersecurity. We look forward to engage with you in the upcoming period in view of a smooth transition and in establishing a practice of actionable and effective discussions on the implementation of the UN Framework of Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace.

You can count on us to be constructive. You can continue to count on us to contribute to international security and stability and to build global cyber resilience in partnership with

Chair Egriselda López

I thank the representative of the European Union for her comments and also on reporting. I am now going to read out the list of speakers of those countries that thus far have requested the floor, just so you’re aware. Islamic Republic of Iran, Colombia, China, Australia, Belarus, Republic of Moldova, France, Canada, and United States. Thank you. The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran has the floor

Islamic Republic of Iran

Thank you Madam Chair We welcome your proposal to appoint two facilitators for each thematic group one from the developing country and one from developed country as this would help ensure equitable geographical distributions At the same time, with regard to the selection process we share the view expressed by the Russian Federation that facilitators should be chosen by consensus among member states rather than being appointed by the Chair of the Global Mechanism Furthermore, as underscored in paragraph 10 of Annex 1 of the final report of the OEWG in -person participation is strongly encouraged for the meetings of the dedicated thematic groups Thank you and therefore should be duly taken into account in the organization of the sessions of the DTGs.

I thank you, Madam Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. And I go to Colombia.

Colombia

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. We are at a particularly relevant moment for ensuring the effective functioning of the global mechanism and its thematic groups. In particular, this initial phase will be key in order to translate the normative work of the open -ended working group into concrete and operative results. As has already been mentioned by my delegation, the thematic groups require specific mandates that are time -limited with tangible and measurable outputs and products. It will be up to the plenary to identify those elements and to establish structured timelines that will allow for the implementation of the DTGs. Thank you very much. that group one could deal with rotating and specific subjects within its mandate instead of trying to simultaneously address all of the issues under its purview.

That would avoid thematic overreach and would allow for verifiable results. In addition, it’s important to ensure that the work of the thematic groups does not duplicate the debate in the plenary. In that regard, in addition to an exchange of experiences component, it would be useful to work on specific cases that may or may not be hypothetical whose analysis would make it possible to generate concrete recommendations in areas such as incident cooperation, the development of response guides, and the carrying out of simulation exercises, as well as capacity building and coordination during needs mapping and the articulation of capacity building strategies. My delegation calls for, the thematic groups as much as possible to have simultaneous interpretation. that would contribute to ensuring inclusion and would allow for the effective participation of technical experts from different regions and linguistic contexts.

As for the relationship between the thematic groups and the plenary, Colombia believes it is relevant for the results of the thematic groups to feed into the discussions in the plenary. Therefore, at the end of each cycle, the thematic groups should produce a results document that would clearly distinguish between two types of recommendations. Those that are sufficiently developed upon which there is a consensus, which would be taken to the plenary for adoption or for incorporation into results documents, outcome documents, and then those that, although they have conceptual support, need further development, and then it would be up for the plenary to continue developing those recommendations. That system would provide solutions. Tangible benefits for the… functioning of the mechanism.

It would make the most of the time of the plenary and it would only then have to deal with issues that are ready for decision. It would give visibility to work that is underway, making sure that all states can be aware of what is making progress and what needs more attention. And it would give an incentive for continuity that would help consolidate the progress that has been made cumulatively throughout the cycle or throughout each cycle. Progress and the final outcomes of these need to be presented ultimately to the plenary and, if necessary, also in virtual intersessional meetings. Madam Chair, Colombia is making this as a contribution to the debate and not a closed position. We stand ready to listen to the perspectives and views of other delegations within this session in order to enrich, adjust or reframe our proposal depending on what the Member States believe is most appropriate for the proper functioning of the mechanism.

Thank you very much.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. I now give the floor to the representative of China.

China

Thank you, Chair. China supports our Russian and Iranian colleagues’ views. Based on the Rosen procedure just agreed, the global mechanism, all its decisions should be consensus -based. The Chair can put forward her proposal on who will be the co -facilitators. The co -facilitators will be ultimately decided upon by the consensus among all member states. Thank you, Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you. I give the floor to Australia.

Australia

Thank you very much Chair I take the floor to thank you for providing the details about your vision for the organisation of work of this mechanism and particularly the work plan and modalities of our DTGs The work of our DTGs is going to be incredibly important for the success of our mechanism They provide a platform for our experts to go really deep on the most important issues and work on the details and the substance in a really cross -cutting and collaborative way I thank you Chair for providing some of the details of your vision Expert briefings and guiding questions will be incredibly important for the work and hybrid meetings very important for inclusive participation particularly for those of us who come from countries very far away The updates from the DTGs to the Chair and the plenary on action -oriented measures I take note of the very helpful proposals from the floor already this morning and think that we should be careful and be very careful and take into account some of the ways the DTGs could report to the plenary, just so that we’re making sure that we’re very flexible and agile in the way that they operate and really maximise the benefits of the DTGs and the plenary.

And I also thank you for noting that you’ll be appointing two experts for each DTG to assist you in steering the progress of the mechanism. And Australia echoes the requests of many, both yesterday and today, including the Arab group, the Africa group and the European Union, among many others, for you, Chair, to appoint co -facilitators to these groups promptly, so that these groups can begin to assist you, Chair, in preparations, gathering ideas from all states to inform the plenary’s decisions on the DTGs work plans and tasking in July, and to find a balance in that appointment of co -facilitators that reflects established general assembly practice, balancing a developed state and a developing state, often looking at gender balance where practicable as well, so that…

These co -facilitators can help share… the workload and support you, Chair, to provide substantive technical expertise. Yesterday, we heard a lot of innovative ideas on how to organise and practically progress the framework through the DTGs. For DTG 1, for example, I heard ideas to take forward our norms implementation checklist, our point of contact directory, implement our new agreed CBMs, and take forward some of the international law simulation exercises that went down so well in our past open -ended working group. For our capacity -building DTG, Brazil proposed diagnostic assessments, similar to the Africa group’s proposal to look at challenges that states face to access capacity building. Many proposed exploring coordinated matchmaking as a way to achieve best value.

The European Union reminded us to draw on and engage complementary regional and national efforts. China… China proposed that we make sure that we develop measures… for developing countries to enhance their digital capabilities. And Australia, for our part, would like to see the DTG2 strengthen our capacity -building roundtable under the global mechanism, breathe even more life into it as a platform for exchange and connection, and take forward an advantage of our mature ecosystem that we already have for cyber -capacity building, the providers, the exercises, the matchmakers, the funding mechanisms that already exist. So building upon your vision, Chair, and working with all the valuable and innovative ideas from member states on the work of the DTGs, both those already suggested and the new ideas that I hope will be put forward in the coming months, these DTGs can identify concrete needs and best practice, practical actions to really advance our framework and uplift both inclusivity of the mechanism and also the capabilities of all states.

And Australia stands ready to support you, Chair, to do the hard work to back up these DTGs with an objective evidence… …in the student space… to do so objectively, substantively and with optimism and imagination. Thank you, Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much for your statement. I now give the floor to the Delegation of Belarus.

Belarus

Thank you, Madam Chair. My thanks to you very much for presenting your vision of the way in which the global mechanism is going to work. We support your efforts in this position. Rest assured you have comprehensive support from the Delegation of the Republic of Belarus and we stand ready to cooperate on every issue. We welcome the vision that was just confirmed which is that all of the decisions of the global mechanism need to be taken by consensus. That imperative should apply in full also to the process of appointing the co -facilitators or co -chairs of the working groups, the thematic groups. The DTTs are very important in the work of and coming up with the recommendations of the mechanism.

Their work and their outputs are going to have extremely important fundamental effect for the results of the entire negotiating process within the mechanism. the co -facilitators of those groups as the delegation of Iran said will be introducing substantive issues and political nature issues of a political nature these decisions will be an integral component of subsequent efforts within the activities of the mechanism and it is entirely clear that the appointment of those co -facilitators needs to be done on the basis of consensus among member states we share the concerns expressed previously by a number of delegations that the arbitrary appointment unilaterally of those co -facilitators of the global mechanism could harm the principle of consensus in decision making in full thank you very much

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Republic of Moldova.

Republic of Moldova

I thank you Madam Chair and my delegation welcomes the proposed agenda for the substantive plenary session first of all. We believe that structuring discussions around the pillars of the framework provides a solid foundation for guiding our work. The plenary should play a central role in setting strategic direction, advancing implementation of this framework and considering concrete recommendations emerging from other formats. We particularly appreciate the inclusion of an agenda item dedicated to the consideration of the work of the dedicated thematic groups. This linkage is essential to ensure that discussions are not conducted in isolation but rather from part of a continuous and dynamic process. In our view the plenary should serve as the space where outputs from the thematic groups are consolidated, discussed, and appropriate, translated into actionable outcomes.

Madam Chair, we would like to thank you for your clear presentation regarding the organization of the DTGs, as well as for your thoughtful approach on proposing a balanced composition of facilitators, including representation from both a developing and a developed country. We fully support this approach, which contributes to inclusivity and ensures that diverse perspectives are reflected in the work of our mechanism. We have full confidence in your leadership in identifying the most suitable candidates and look forward to engaging with them, with the appointed facilitators promptly, as my distinguished colleague from Australia also mentioned. And working closely with them. We see the DTGs. as key engines of substantive progress, they should allow for more focused and in -depth discussion on a limited number of priority issues with a view to producing concrete and implementable recommendations.

To achieve this, their work should be informed by technical expertise and practical experience, including through briefings by experts and stakeholders. At the same time, we underline the importance of ensuring coherence and complementarity between the thematic groups. Discussions on specific ICT threats and challenges should inform the identification of capacity gaps, thereby strengthening the link between substantive and capacity -building efforts. Such an approach would enhance the relevance and effectiveness of our work, particularly for the ICT sector. Thank you. finally Madam Chair we emphasize that proper gender representation for the selection of facilitators should also be taken into account as an important element of inclusivity and balance in the work of this mechanism. I thank you very much Madam Chair

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you and now give the floor to France

France

Madam Chair My delegation aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union and would like to make the following comments in our national capacity the new nature of the mechanism is where its added value is which is in the creation of thematic groups that will complement the plenary as we saw it in the open -ended working group. We welcome this point of view the addition of a dedicated item in the plenary a lot has already been said about the groups but I will stick to the following four points First of all, it is up to the thematic groups to conduct in -depth work on precise, concrete subjects that are limited in number. Those subjects should be subjects of major challenges that face member states in cyberspace, basically those that are keeping our administrations up at night.

As Singapore said yesterday, many states are wondering about what is the interest in devoting resources into following the mechanism. France believes in the fact that thematic groups can provide results not only that are concrete and tangible, but also that are easy to use and that justify our collective engagement within the mechanism. Regarding the choice of the subjects that these groups will work on, my delegation is in favor of them being proposed to states by the chair on the basis of informal consultations with states. Several subjects have already been proposed since the beginning of this meeting. As was underscored yesterday by Mexico, Morocco, and others, the choice of these subjects should above all allow us flexibility and adaptability.

Thirdly, France underscores that thematic continuity must exist between the two groups. Considerations in the first should allow the second group to identify the specific needs that states have in a particular area. Lastly, concerning the co -facilitators, in light of UN practice that you recalled, my delegation has no objection to them being appointed by the chair in accordance with the chair’s prerogatives. We also support the statement yesterday by Algeria on behalf of the Arab group calling for the co -facilitators to be appointed in accordance with geographical balance but also on the basis of their competence. Their role will be to support the chair in running the DTGs and their expertise will be a crucial asset. You have the confidence of my delegation, Madam Chair, to appoint candidates that will be able to meet those two criteria.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I now give the floor to the United States.

United States

Chair, thank you for sharing your vision and your efforts just two very quick reactions from us we appreciate your efforts to find a balance among the co -facilitators of the DTGs we look forward to hearing from you on the appointment of your co -facilitators the DTGs will advance the action -oriented mandate of the global mechanism as such, the selection of strong co -facilitators is important to ensuring both the general function of the DTGs as well as the overall balance of the discussion to be had in the DTGs we will not support any attempt to use the appointment of the co -facilitators as a means to derail our important work here or to co -opt the DTGs for individual states’ interests turning to the plenary agenda or the draft plenary agenda and as we said in our national statement we should respect the two -day rule and focus on the decisions that must be taken Thank you very much.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much I now go before the delegation of Cuba followed by Italy Egypt, Senegal and Japan Cuba you have the floor Thank you very much

Cuba

Madam Chair once again we congratulate you and we recognize the work that’s been done with your team to arrive at this organizational meeting we very much appreciate what you explained this morning when we spoke yesterday we stressed the importance of consensus in the global mechanism and we join in the proposals made by a group of countries to have the ability to take a decision on the co -facilitators for the thematic groups and we’re grateful that the Chair has followed the practice of taking into account geographic equitable geographic distribution for appointing the co -facilitators we also agree with the recommendation made by Colombia with regard to the need of the co -facilitators for our work to be multilingual.

These will be informal meetings, but despite that, in -presence meetings are very important, and we are sure that you’ll be able to address these issues as soon as possible. Thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much, and I’ll give the floor to Italy.

Italy

Good morning. Thank you, Madam Chair, for giving me the floor, and thank you for sharing your views on the next steps. Italy fully aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union and wishes to add a few considerations from its national perspective. Dear colleagues, against a very difficult time for multilateralism and the UN itself, we are called to prove that the international community can work fruitfully and achieve meaningful goals despite different stances, priorities, or sensitivities. Looking at the global mechanism, the best we can do in the interests of the European Union and of the UN and of our peoples is to seize the relevant opportunities offered by the work of the DTGs to deliver concrete outcomes.

As set out in the 2025 OEWG final report, DTGs are expected to conduct focused discussions and then report to the substantive plenary session with updates and recommendations. Italy regards such a structure as a virtuous circle where plenaries and DTGs reinforce each other to the benefit of action -oriented discussions and potential initiatives. In line with the position of the EU and other countries, Italy sees the DTGs as interconnected and complementary, where the appointment of co -facilitators falls within the prerogatives of the chair, as per UN practice. In Italy’s view, it is also advisable to limit the number of topics to be discussed every year so that the DTGs can be more effective. So that member states have proper time to exchange their views across the five pillars, also benefiting from experts’ and other stakeholders’ contributions in a substantial manner.

Among the topics of major interest for us are certainly ransomware, the protection of critical infrastructures, the role of non -state actors in the ICT environment, and the impact of EDTs on cybersecurity. We are keen on sending experts to some sessions, and we look forward to learning the modalities on how to do that. DTG2, in particular, provides for an important opportunity to identify needs and possible solutions, also by matching demand and offer of capabilities. From this perspective, we would also like to highlight that a concrete work through DTG2 on cybercapacity building can be seen as a way to implement not only the framework of responsible state behavior in cyberspace, but also the global digital compact. By bridging digital divides and thus accelerating the achievement of sustainable development goals.

Madam Chair, Italy is ready to do its part and to cooperate with you, your team and all member states in a spirit of openness and constructiveness We look forward to dive into many topics of interest in the plenaries and the DTGs Thank you

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much I now give the floor to Egypt

Egypt

Thank you Chair for giving me the floor and as was referenced yesterday during the Arab statement and the African statement I wish to highlight one point The main focus of developing countries, if I speak as one of them is to engage in substantive discussions as quickly as possible to address the challenges that we all face whether to threats, capacity building or otherwise In order to engage in these substantive discussions we need to empower our Chair and to do this, the Chair needs a team It goes this way The team should be appointed as quickly as possible and should be well equipped. We need experts that are professional in this domain, that have been engaging with the OEWG for a considerable period of time, that understand the specifics.

Chair, I will speak in honesty with you. After two years from now, you will be held accountable and people will ask what you provide to the mechanism. So if we do not engage as quickly as possible in substantive discussions, questions will be raised about what has been done in the two years. So again, I understand the procedural interpretations of the report. Every delegation might have their own views to whatever is written in it. However, as developing countries, we focus more on substantive discussions. We ask from you and request you to engage with us in those discussions as soon as possible. So we support your proposal in appointing the COFAX as the way you deem it.

Thank you so much, Chair.

Senegal

Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. come back to Egypt’s proposal I think this was said yesterday we need to use the intersessional periods to make progress on the discussions for the future mechanism and as soon as we have the list of co -facilitators the sooner we can start bilateral discussions to make progress very briefly with regard to the DTGs we welcome the need to put forward reports and we welcome what the EU has said about two yearly reports and also have a report at the end of five years I’d also like to reiterate the need in those reports to strike a balance between discussions where we’ve had consensus and discussions where we have not found consensus we’re in a rather complicated geopolitical environment and it means that there’s a lot more divergence than there is consensus but we mustn’t lose sight of the discussions that we’ve had and very often during these processes we see that when you read the final report it gives the appearance of not having discussed anything but that’s not true progress can be made on certain subjects even if there’s not agreement and we need to have this institutional memory about what we have discussed that’s very interesting to read in the reports so we need in the reports to list areas where there was consensus and where there was not consensus so that we can continue to move forward in the debate I think that’s it probably and reiterate the position of the African group with regard to the need for the chair to appoint these two co -facilitators as soon as possible thank you

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. Japan you have the floor.

Japan

Thank you Madam Chair. As stated in yesterday’s remarks, Japan places great importance on practical discussions and concrete outcomes regarding the global mechanism. From this perspective, we believe that the DTGs will play a significant role, and we strongly hope that preparations for substantive discussions within the DTGs will begin as soon as possible. In this regard, the final report, which was adopted by consensus among all member states, stipulates that the Chair would prepare guiding questions prior to the DTGs. With this language and the UN practices in mind, Japan understands the Chair has an authority to appoint two co -facilitators of the DTGs. Japan strongly hopes that the preparations for the DTGs, will proceed as soon as possible, including the appointment of co -facilitators for the DTGs under the Chair’s leadership.

Thank you very much.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much I now give the floor to the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Thank you Madam Chair The Kingdom of the Netherlands aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union and please allow me to make some additional remarks in my national capacity We listened carefully to your proposals and we welcome your approach Regarding the co -facilitators, we join others in supporting your approach and view this as balanced, inclusive and reflective of existing UN practice We believe it will benefit the process if the co -facilitators would become part of the global mechanism team promptly so that the global mechanism can start its functioning timely and allow for our substantive exchanges to start in a well -prepared manner Chair, the Kingdom of the Netherlands is by landmass one of the smaller countries in the European continent.

At the same time, we are a country with one of the highest rate of digital connections in the world. It is for that reason that responsible state behavior in the field of ICTs remains a topic that the Netherlands adheres great priority to. As a successor of the previous GGEs and open -end working groups, the global mechanism is uniquely positioned to aid member states in taking the cumulative and evolving normative framework for responsible state behavior from these conference halls into the reality of cyberspace. Moving to the DTGs, the Kingdom of the Netherlands attach great importance to these. We view the threat landscape as a prism. By applying international law, the 11 non -binding voluntary norms, confidence -building measures, and capacity building, through simulations to specific cyber threats like ransomware or the protection of critical infrastructure.

as was mentioned yesterday by a few. DTGs can actually help states better navigate an increasingly complex cyber environment. Substantive streamlining between DTG 1 and DTG 2 would then allow member states to build on those insights in the second DTG on capacity building. Exploring specific threats through the evolving and cumulative framework can provide further understanding of capacity building needs. This could then be addressed and could provide focused recommendations to the plenary. A comprehensive, well -informed picture is essential to ensure all states can effectively monitor and mitigate these threats. We stand ready to work collaborative and constructively with the entire membership and with you, Chair, and your team. I thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. I now read out the following list. Canada, Djibouti, Malaysia. Switzerland and Mexico. Canada, you have the floor.

Canada

Thank you, Madam Chair. Our statement will address the functioning of DTGs, their topics, and our agreements on stakeholder modalities. Dedicated thematic groups will complement the plenaries. They are our best opportunity to get more value for our efforts. They are as important, if not more, than the plenary meetings to achieve concrete outcomes. Under structure of the discussions, our consensus agreements provide, under paragraph 8 of Annex 1, that we should start with expert briefings, continue with discussions on best practices, lessons learned, and capacity building, and then engage on updates and recommendations to the plenary. This is a solid basis, and we welcome the French paper that proposes ways to build on this. The discussions on best practices should note how such practices advance the implementation of each pillar of the framework, including how existing voluntary norms and international law apply.

States could draw lessons. From this, and therefore focus capacity building activities where it matters most. On substantive topics for the thematic groups, we should be focused and not try to address too many all at once. This is how we can achieve more action-oriented outcomes. It would be wise to focus on topics that are most pressing to address for most states. In this organizational session alone, we heard Colombia, Iraq, Turkey, India, the European Union, the African Group, and the Pacific Island Forum and many others calling for more work on the protection of critical infrastructure. There were also numerous references to ransomware as a threat. These are also the specific challenges that have been raised most in the OEDA.

years. These would therefore be, in our opinion, a logical place to start. Regarding facilitators, we understand that they will act in their personal capacity and that they will be under the responsibility of the Chair. We welcome the Chair’s vision in that regard, which aligns with UN practice. We heard many delegations call for substantive work to start as soon as possible and therefore for the prompt appointment of facilitators. Madam Chair, opportunities like today are useful for states to provide input into how the thematic groups should work. At the same time, these meetings are informal, and this is by design. For us to prepare, we will need advance notice of the topics and structure of discussions, and this will be the work of the facilitators.

Flexibility and agility are necessary to adjust the thematic groups so they remain fit for purpose over time. Remember that this is a permanent mechanism. of Delegations addressed the important matter of stakeholder participation over the last few days. It is hard to keep track of how many states consider their contributions essential, but it is clearly an overwhelming majority. It includes delegations of all sizes from all regions of the world. Madam Chair, stakeholder modalities were one of the very last issues resolved last July. Our agreements there are integral to the consensus package. We recall that a cross -regional group put forward a proposal for ambitious stakeholder modalities in the lead -up to July. That proposal went way beyond what we agreed to as a compromise.

Where we landed is the bottom line for those who recognize that stakeholders add value to our discussions. We invite you and all delegations to respect the careful balance struck in the final report. That balance provides for stakeholder participation in every aspect of the global mechanism. Thank you. That is clear. From paragraph 11 of Annex C. Formal meetings call for more detailed modalities. These are specified under paragraph 15 of Annex 1, which notably indicates that stakeholder sessions will take place during the plenaries and that there will be virtual consultations. The framework for stakeholder participation in thematic groups is different. As for any informal meeting, UN practice applies, and the July consensus is clear that states will be able to nominate stakeholders for the expert briefings that will kick off the DTG discussions, that’s paragraph 8, and that the wider stakeholder community is invited to participate throughout the DTG discussions, that’s in paragraph 7.

Madam Chair, let me conclude with a traditional Canadian reference in these UN discussions. When it comes to cybersecurity, we are all in the same canoe. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. We all need to partner. This concludes Canada’s remarks.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much and I give the floor to Djibouti.

Djibouti

Thank you for giving me the floor, Madam Chair. Well, after having listened to discussions as they are progressing, I’d say that we don’t have a lot of time. We’ve only got today to finalize our work. So our work needs to conclude today at the end of the afternoon. And to make progress, I’d like to support your proposal to ensuring an inclusive choice, including developed and developing countries. The group report, well, indeed all of the work of the DTGs will be discussed in plenary. And the mechanism, as always, will favor adoption by consensus. So I don’t see why anyone would not accept the choice you have suggested. Senegal and other countries from Africa have stressed, particularly Egypt.

we as a developing country, what’s important to us is that we make progress on this mechanism. We also need to take into account multilingualism that was stressed by various countries because that means that there’ll be a lot more involvement in the discussion on this mechanism, particularly for developing countries. This is relevant. Thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much for your statement. I now give the floor to Malaysia.

Malaysia

Thank you, Chair. Malaysia appreciates your clear vision for the dedicated thematic groups and we see strong value in these groups serving as key platforms for more focused, substantive and action -oriented discussions across all pillars of our framework. We particularly appreciate your emphasis on expert briefings and guiding questions, which we believe will be essential in helping delegations engage more meaningfully and in ensuring that discussions remain structured, inclusive and productive. Malaysia also welcomes the proposal. We propose hybrid formats for meetings, which will be critical in enabling the effective participation of all member states and other relevant stakeholders, particularly those joining from different regions and time zones. On the reporting arrangements, we support the idea of regular updates from the DTGs to yourself as chair, as well as to the plenary.

At the same time, we see value in ensuring that these arrangements remain flexible and adaptive so that the DTGs can operate efficiently and maximize their contributions to the overall work of the mechanism. Malaysia also would like to join others in encouraging the early appointments of co -facilitators to assist in guiding the work of these groups, while also facilitating your role as chair in overseeing the overall process. We believe that such appointments, taking into account equitable representation, will help to ensure both inclusivity and effectiveness in advancing the work of the DTGs. Thank you, Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much, and I’ll give the floor to the delegation of Switzerland.

Switzerland

Thank you. Thank you Madam Chair we thank you for sharing your views on the work of the plenary and the DGTs as well as for nominating the co -facilitators a lot has already been said and I would only like to highlight a few points from our national view expectations for the global mechanisms are high after 20 years of discussions at the UN during which time states have developed the framework for responsible state behavior the new global mechanism is a tool that will enable us to make concrete progress in implementing what has been achieved we have to show that multilateralism can deliver the DGTs will play a central role in this process in addition to the strategic discussions that will take place in the plenary session the DGTs will hold more in -depth and targeted discussions on specific topics that are relevant for states and the reality reality on the ground.

We thank France for the non -paper and support the proposals it contains for how the DGTs should function. Madam Chair, we support your proposal on the appointment of the co -facilitators for the DGTs, taking into account the need for geographical distribution, gender equality, and expertise. The sooner the co -facilitators are appointed, the sooner we can start working and make progress. Thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. I now give the floor to Mexico. Thank you very much, and I’ll give the floor to Mexico.

Mexico

Thank you Madam Chair. We thank you for your vision withregard to the organization of our work and the relationship between the plenary and the DTGs. For my country, the plenary session, as well as the DTGs, should consider a limited, clearly defined number of thematic subjects that will make the whole thing practical from the get -go. We think that the balanced governance model could be particularly useful. The plenary can set the strategic goals, whereas the DTGs can produce concrete results within the mandates and the clearly defined timelines so that we have a mechanism that’s action -oriented. The DTGs could focus on practicable deliverables and also include guidelines for the implementation of regulations and cooperation upstream of incidents and also an exchange of national experiences on confidence -building measures in the ICT area.

We think it would be fundamental to have cycles for the presentation of regular reports from the DTGs. to the plenary, that would mean that the thematic discussions will then become part of a collective understanding. And we need clear mandates as well. Clear deadlines and the regular presentation of DGG and plenary reports could help to guarantee that discussions remain focused on achieving results. With regard to the appointments of your co -facilitators, we agree with those that took the floor before us in saying that those appointments need to be made as soon as possible, that they respect geographic distribution. That’s clearly defined. And we’d like to echo here the request made by Columbia and other delegations that we take into consideration, if possible, the aspect of multilingualism.

as well as the comment made by Moldova with regard to gender parity and also the appointment of co -facilitators is a prerogative of the chair and in that we support your work on the understanding that the plenary does conserve the final decision right in this regard all of this is taking place under the auspices of the General Assembly so those facilitating processes within a mechanism, DTGs or other groups are directly appointed by the president of the General Assembly and so we invite the chair to have broad based informal discussions with member states to ensure that there is broad support on the understanding that the formal act of appointment is a prerogative of the presidency of the chair, thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

I now give the floor to the following speakers, Nicaragua, Argentina, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Russian Federation. Nicaragua, you have the floor.

Nicaragua

Madam Chair, my delegation would like to stress the importance of us making progress in appointing the co -facilitators. For the DTGs of the mechanism, we also feel that those groups will be fundamental to guide the substantive work of the process and therefore they should enjoy trust of member states from the very beginning. In this regard, we feel that the appointments of these co -facilitators should be done on the basis of broad -based, transparent and inclusive consultations and reflect consensus among member states. In line with the intergovernmental and consensual requirements. nature of this mechanism. We also believe it’s essential that this process take due account of the principle of equitable geographic representation in order to ensure balanced and representative representation of the various regions in our work.

In our view, this will help to increase the legitimacy of the process, create greater balance and greater trust between the delegations. We therefore feel that these appointments should not be seen as the result of a unilateral decision, but as a determination that is made collectively with the agreement of member states respecting fair, balanced geographic representation. Thank you. Thank you

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. I now give the floor to the delegation of Argentina.

Argentina

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. May I begin by thanking you for your participation in this meeting. I thank you for your participation in this meeting. Thank you for your participation in this meeting. I thank you for your participation in this meeting. Thank you for your participation in this meeting. I thank you for your participation in this meeting. sending to us the draft agenda in good time, that enables us to look at that agenda at this organizational meeting. With regard to item six of that agenda, relating to the consideration of the work of the dedicated thematic groups, my delegation would like to make the following comments. We feel it would be very useful if the chair could lead intersessional consultations prior to the holding of the next plenary aimed at identifying issues that could be addressed during the DTGs.

This exercise would make it possible to have a more precise understanding of member states’ priorities in both working groups. On the basis of those consultations, we then feel that the chair could prepare and circulate in good time a document containing a draft of the subjects that are proposed for the next plenary. For each DTG, that document could form a substantive basis for consideration under item six in the plenary. and we think that that draft should be considered formally by the plenary so that member states are able to make adjustments if they feel that’s appropriate and finally approve it and approve the working agenda for the DTGs. That could help give greater clarity to the process, more predictability and more legitimacy.

Madam Chair, we are sure that focusing on these things we can help build consensus and it will make it possible for the DTGs to start their work with a clear mandate that is supported by a broad majority of member states. Thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

I now give the floor to the Delegate of Nigeria.

Nigeria

Nigeria appreciates your vision for the modalities of the global mechanism and we stand ready to engage constructively with you and other member states on all thematic issues. Given the important role of the co -facilitators and the exigency of time in this process. Nigeria reaffirms the Global African Group’s earlier statement that calls for the Chair to nominate the co -facilitators with balanced representation. I thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. The United Kingdom, you have the floor.

United Kingdom

Madam Chair, thank you. Yesterday we heard national statements calling for a new global mechanism to deliver practical support to states. For this to happen, we urge rapid agreement on the practicalities to enable us to move forward with our common goal, ensuring we can use the intersessional period to start the work. With that in mind, we welcome your remarks on the organisation of work. Now that we have elected a Chair, prompt appointment of the DTG co -facs is crucial to ensuring the new global mechanism gets off to an effective start. We support your prerogative to make these appointments and agree with the principles of balance between developed and developing states and geographic distribution you have set out.

We also support the principle of gender balance. As experts supporting the chair, the personal skills and experience of co -facilitators are also key factors. On the DTG topics, we agree that they should be clearly focused on delivering meaningful recommendations on a limited number of topics that are of concern to member states. Examples we’ve heard include ransomware and critical national infrastructure. There should be clear continuity but not duplication between the two groups. And these topics can be agreed at the July plenary. Thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

Muchisimas gracias. Thank you very much. And our good. The floor to the Russian Federation.

Russian Federation

Thank you, Madam Chair. I’d like to note that Russia is convinced that questions of the organisation of the work of the thematic groups should be guided by the principle of consensus and that understanding is provided for in the parameters of the global mechanism and enshrined in the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly specifically 79 237 and 80 16 this refers to all of the aspects of the DTG’s work including the preparation of recommendations for transmitting to the plenary for consideration it is extremely important that the agenda and the work programme of the DTG’s is developed in a transparent way based on consensus taking into account the opinions of absolutely all states discussions first and foremost within the framework of DTG 1 need to be strictly in accordance with the five pillars of the mandate without distorting that or going beyond the bounds of that The topics that will be discussed need to be determined based on the interests of all states.

I would like to point to the possibility of inviting to the discussions within the DTGs of so -called briefers. That is item eight of the additional parameters of the mechanism. I would like to underscore that including briefers in the discussion is not a mandatory condition, but it is a possibility. And that decision needs to be taken exclusively based on the situation, based on the agenda, and based on the consent of member states. We are of the view that the thematic groups are created first and foremost for a thorough discussion by governmental experts that have sufficient expertise and ordinarily. We do not need briefings from outside briefers. When it comes to the selection of briefers, as determined in the modalities for the participation of interested parties, or stakeholders, this is 15C of the additional parameters for the global mechanism in the annex of the OEWG report, that they should be representatives exclusively of accredited NGOs.

And we call upon the Chair and the UNODA to strictly adhere to these ways of working that are in joint consensus and which were adopted by the General Assembly. The same goes for configuring the leadership of the groups. As far as we understand it, currently within that configuration, there are four seats that will be equally distributed among developed and developing states. Despite the formal observance of the principle of fair geographical distribution, here we can see an unfair imbalance in the favor of developed countries. Developed countries, there are various different criteria for assessing how a metropolitan government is going to be distributed. How many there are, but in any case, those assessments do not exceed one -fifth of the total membership of the United Nations.

And that means that three… positions among the co -facilitators should go to states from the global south. I would also like to draw attention to what we’ve heard here in the statements of distinguished representatives of Colombia, Cuba, Mexico and Senegal, if I’m not mistaken, about the need to uphold the principle of multilingualism. Moreover, for Russia, it is unacceptable that countries that engage in political attribution without any evidence, in our view, candidates from those countries can hardly act as neutral arbiters in discussions on such sensitive issues as ICT security. We call upon the chair and the UNODA to resolve this issue, making sure that there is a transparent and inclusive discussion of the current and possible future candidates for these posts with the involvement of all member states.

Thank you very much.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much I give the floor to Germany

Germany

Thank you Chair for giving me the floor Germany aligns itself with the statement of the European Union and wishes to deliver its remarks in a national capacity and as this is the first time taking the floor Germany would like to warmly congratulate you for your appointment as Chair Chair, Germany prioritizes a seamless transition to a single track, inclusive, consensus -based and action -oriented permanent mechanism that focuses on the implementation of all pillars of the UN framework of responsible state behavior Therefore, in line with UN practice we encourage a timely appointment of co -facilitators by the Chair which we view as the Chair’s prerogative in order to help prepare the work of the DTGs as echoed by the representatives of Egypt and the United States Mexico and many others We believe the criteria you laid out are all well balanced and reflect the delicate balance struck in the consensus report last year and also they reflect the practice of other UN formats.

We welcome your intention to appoint two co -facilitators per working group, one from a developing country and one from a developed country, to ensure equitable geographic representation. We also take note of the views, for example, expressed by Senegal and others on lingual diversity. Allow me to provide our views on DTGs more broadly. The DTGs should zoom in on challenges that we collectively share and that are of priority to our policymakers. For example, ransomware or the protection of critical infrastructure. These are topics that many of us referenced yesterday. Through their cross -cutting discussions, the working groups would provide concrete, actionable recommendations and identify best practices to address these challenges using all elements of the framework in a balanced way.

and thereby help advance the implementation of the framework. We believe that there should be thematic cohesion between the meetings of DTG 1 and DTG 2, meaning that they should focus on the same threat or challenge as a starting point. At the same time, we will also look into other proposals by states, for example, to have specific agenda items for DTG 2, such as the cybercapacity building assessment proposed by Brazil. Secondly, academia, the private sector, civil society, and the technical community are central to all discussions around state behavior in cyberspace, and their roles cut across all pillars of the framework. Drawing on this knowledge through expert briefings during meetings of the DTGs is essential, and it will allow states to have focused, concrete exchanges that are grounded in the technical reality of how cyberspace actually works.

On the issue of reporting from DTGs to the plenary, the DTG co -facilitators should provide a verbal summary on the discussions that took place in the DTGs. States would then have an opportunity to reflect on the DTG sessions under the proposed Agenda Item 6 during the plenary meeting. In addition, if the co -facilitators and the Chair believe they identified consensus recommendations, they should transmit those recommendations to the plenary. Thereby, we would avoid overburdening the plenary with negotiations. We believe, as a minimum requirement, the consensus draft recommendations, or singular as well, should be shared in writing with Member States ahead of the session with an appropriate amount of time to study them ahead. The plenary could then reflect on these recommendations and adopt them by the consensus principle.

and we also will study the proposals, for example, by Colombia and Senegal on how to differentiate between consensus and non -consensus elements that are presented to the plenary in order to help our discussions becoming more substantive. Turning to the reporting in the plenary, Germany believes that a progress report could be issued for the plenary session of year two and year four of each cycle, thereby providing each chair an opportunity to take stock of progress made at the end of their biannual term. Summary of preceding reports should be issued in years one and three. A final substantive report could be produced in year five in line with the purpose of the review conference. In practical terms, we believe that the selection of topics for the sessions of the DTGs is the prerogative of and should be undertaken by the chair and the co -facilitators in close consultation.

Thank you. Allow me to briefly turn to the plenary. The plenary, the dedicated thematic working groups, and the global roundtable on cybercapacity building should be seen as complementary and mutually reinforcing building blocks for advancing the implementation of the framework. The plenary is a forum for all states to address any topics of their national priority and discuss them under the respective pillar. And, for example, the statement by the African group yesterday highlighted that there are indeed many threats to discuss, which we would see under the pillar threats for the plenary. The plenary is also a forum to discuss the lessons learned, best practices, and actionable recommendations generated in the working groups in a holistic manner to advance our understanding of the implementation of the framework.

By providing feedback to the DTGs, in the plenary, we would create a virtuous and meaningful link between the plenary and the DTGs and ensure that they are complementary in their… work. Dear colleagues, Madam Chair, Germany stands ready to constructively engage with all ideas brought forward by member states. The UN and its member states are charting historic new territory in the global cyberspace discussions. And we wish you all the best and a steady hand, Madam Chair, in steering this mechanism on that journey. Thank you.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. The last two delegations that have requested the floor are the Islamic Republic of Iran and Algeria. If there are any other delegations that wish to take the floor, I’d be grateful if you could request the floor now just so we can coordinate. Thank you. Iran, you have the floor.

Islamic Republic of Iran

Thank you, Madam Chair. Very briefly, in reaction to comments made by some delegations, we would like to underscore that in our view, the consensus -based… modality for a stakeholder’s participation in the global mechanism, as reflected in the final report of the OEWG, also applies to the thematic groups. Therefore, we cannot agree with the interpretation that this modality does not apply to the DTGs. Furthermore, the topics to be discussed in the thematic groups should be selected by consensus among all member states in order to reflect the priorities and concerns of all countries. Therefore, we don’t agree with the view that such topics could be determined by the chair or the facilitators. I thank you, Madam Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you. Thank you. Algeria, you have the floor.

Algeria

Thank you, Madam Chair. Thank you also for presenting your vision on the work of the global mechanism. For our today’s discussion, it seems that the expression repeated so many times by Ambassador Borhanga for not to kick the can down the road is taken on its full meaning. During the work of the OEWG, we tried collectively to avoid delaying, postponing, or avoiding difficult interpretation and decisions, aiming for a seamless transition to a permanent mechanism. Consensus-based decisions have a price, and the price for the adoption of the final report of the OEWG was kicking the can down the road on some matters. Of course, the priority of the Arab group and the African group is to focus on substantive discussions to deal with the challenges we are all facing together, which are moving at a faster pace than our ability to move forward.

Nevertheless, for Algeria, procedural issues are as important as substantive ones, and transparency in appointing co -facilitators is as important as their very role. Transparency in our work context is also a form of confidence -building measure. We support transparency. And balanced appointment of co -facilitator, both procedurally and geographically, including representatives from Arab and African groups. We have listened carefully to the remarks formulated by all delegations. We think there is a way to uphold our procedures and the consensus -based decision while allowing for the rapid appointment of co -facilitators for the DGTs. And informal consultations would greatly help in this regard. Thank you, Madam Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. Since I see no other delegation requesting the floor under this item, allow me please to provide some reactions to what you’ve been saying. First of all, it’s worth recalling that this is a mechanism that was established by the general assembly and it’s also one of its subsidiary bodies and as we said at the beginning of this meeting its rules of procedure will apply mutatis mutandis as well as the practices of the general assembly and that’s why it was important for the chair in one of the most recent resolutions on the revitalization of the work of the general assembly to refer to the fact that it’s worth clarifying that the presence of the general assembly as part of the practices of the general assembly and the president is also the officer that is elected in that resolution it takes note of the fact that the president of the general assembly can and should appoint co -facilitators to guide intergovernmental processes I also wish to note that I do not think that for the global mechanism the provisional procedures of other processes apply for example the Ad Hoc Committee on Cybercrime there for example officers were elected to ensure the composition of a bureau who would then serve as vice chairs in accordance with the modalities that were agreed for that process coming back now to the global mechanism I’d like to thank you for the confidence expressed by the majority of delegations in the appointment of the co -facilitators for each group with this same vision of ensuring geographical balance.

I have taken note of the suggestions by some states that also expressed concerns over gender balance in the composition. And I would also like to express my gratitude for the fact that you welcomed other very important aspects, such as technical experience, that the co -facilitators need to have. I completely agree with and I’m aware of the need to begin working as soon as possible. And therefore, I am interested in and committed to appointing those co -facilitators shortly. Now, I hope… that in that process as well the chair will be supported because it is in the interest of the chair to make headway with the work many of you said in your statements that we don’t have much time and you have already invested years in advancing questions of substance that are extremely important but you also indicated yesterday that it is necessary to implement this it is also necessary to begin the work so in practical terms I am clear -headed when it comes to the principle of consensus which was reaffirmed at the beginning of this meeting but I’ll be grateful to you if when I present my proposals and involving all of you in these broad informal consultations I would then be grateful if you could show flexibility precisely taking into account the urgent need to begin our work as quickly as possible we cannot postpone this for very long I’m also clear that a transparent process is needed and I will echo what the last speaker Algeria said that transparency is also a form of confidence building but if we reach an understanding I also need us to decide to work hand in hand to work together that’s going to be important and lastly recall that the co -facilitators are going to work under the leadership and under the coordination of the chair and you have already given the chair your confidence, your trust those are my thoughts and I will now return to the notes that we had prepared for the conclusion of this agenda item I’d also like to take this opportunity to thank you for all of your comments the chair and my team have taken due note as I said of all of your opinions and I would like to invite you to get in touch with me or my team in the next few weeks to make any comments or additional comments or observations specifically relating to the organization of the work of the dedicated thematic groups.

Once again, it is my objective that the makeup of the experts is well balanced so that we can make headway with the work of the thematic groups in a solid, robust way, but one that is also action -oriented. So I hope that an agreement can be reached on the appointment of the co -facilitators as soon as possible, with the aim also of making sure that we have what all of you want, which is greater predictability for the work that we have ahead of us in the coming months. Now, in anticipation of the meetings of the DTGs that are going to take place in December I am going to work closely and in coordination with the four co -facilitators my team to determine the provisional calendar for each group I therefore intend to hold some informal consultations with states precisely so that we can further perfect the organisation of the work of the thematic groups can I then take it that the global mechanism takes note of my intention as to how to proceed with the appointment of the co -facilitators to steer the work of these thematic groups it is so decided that I will be in the meeting of the DTGs and I will be in the meeting of the DTGs I see the Islamic Republic of Iran has requested the floor.

Is it under this agenda item?

Islamic Republic of Iran

Yes, Madam Chair. Thank you, Madam Chair, and thank you for your explanation. But if I recall correctly, during the discussions on the modalities of the global mechanism in the OEWG, the proposal for the chair to appoint facilitators for the DTGs appeared in the initial draft, but was ultimately removed due to the lack of agreement among member states. The UNGA rules of procedure applies to the global mechanism, which means that the necessary changes having been made, one of the important changes is the, consensus -based decision -making within the global mechanism, which we believe that applies to the… election of the facilitators. So we would like to insist that the facilitators should be selected, elected by the member states by consensus and not by the chair of the mechanism.

Thank you, Madam Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Gracias, Croquet. Thank you. I’ve said, I’ve heard you all. Also, I’ve heard a wide support for the chair’s proposal to apply what has already been agreed in the revitalization resolution and the practice of the general assembly. And I also said that I’m going to engage with all of you in informal consultations to try to find and to appoint the co -facilitators. Thank you. But when I do that, I really hope that all of you will also engage in good faith with the presidency. to try to start working as soon as possible. I’m pretty aware of the consensus basis, but I really hope that we can all find a solution. You already heard the requirements and the vision that I have for the co -facilitators, and I really hope that with these informal consultations that I’m going to engage with all of you and that all of you will also have the time to provide further visions on it, that we can speed up precisely the appointment and that we can start working together in the different groups.

Okay, now I give the floor to the Russian Federation.

Russian Federation

Thank you, Madam Chair. Thank you for your latest explanation of your position. I support what was said by the distinguished representative of Iran and also once again I’m grateful to you for your explanation the Russian Federation will proceed from the understanding that the matter of the appointment of the co -facilitators of the DTGs in doing so you will determine those candidacies on the basis of broad consultation with UN member states and then after that the time will come to address the matter of their appointment that is to say that the principle of consensus will be fully observed as enshrined in the modalities for the global mechanism and approved by a UN General Assembly decision thank you

Chair Egriselda López

thank you okay another delegation wishes to take the floor on this issue we’re ready to move forward okay it is so decided I turn now to the participation of stakeholders states will recall the additional elements on modalities on the participation of other interested parties and stakeholders including businesses non -governmental organizations and academia agreed by consensus in Annex 1 of Document A 80 -257 states will recall the agreement that states of the global mechanism are committed to engaging with stakeholders in a systematic, sustained and substantive manner while the global mechanism is an intergovernmental process in which negotiation and decision making are exclusively the prerogative of states stakeholders would be engaged in a consultative manner to to assist and inform the work of states in view of their technical expertise.

States also have emphasized the importance of ensuring diverse stakeholder participation with due consideration to equitable geographic representation. I will refrain from reciting all the modalities agreed in the annex, but I do wish to recall the following key elements. Relevant non -governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council in accordance with Resolution 1996 -31 would inform the Secretariat of the Global Mechanism of their interest in being accredited to participate in the substantive plenary sessions and review conferences of the Global Mechanism. In accordance with UN practice, other stakeholders relevant and competent to the scope and purpose of the global mechanism should also inform the Secretariat of their interest in participating by submitting information on the organization’s purpose, programs and activities in areas relevant to the scope of the global mechanism.

These organizations would accordingly be accredited on a non -objection basis to participate in the substantive plenary sessions and review conferences of the global mechanism. Once received, accreditation would remain valid for the duration of each five -year cycle of the global mechanism. Applications for accreditation may be submitted to the Secretariat of their interest in participating in the scope and purpose of the global mechanism. The Secretariat during an annual window. to be determined by the Secretariat. Accredited stakeholders will be able to attend substantive plenary sessions and review conferences of the global mechanism and make oral statements during dedicated stakeholder sessions. They may also be allowed to make oral statements after states subject to the availability of time and at the discretion of the Chair at substantive plenary sessions and review conferences.

Stakeholders may also submit written inputs to be posted on the webpage of the global mechanism. Where there is an objection to a stakeholder the objecting member state will make known its objection to the chair of the global mechanism and on a voluntary basis make known to the chair the general basis of its objections guided by the principles of inclusivity and transparency the chair will disseminate any information received to all member states and engage in informal consultations as appropriate for a period not exceeding three months regarding the objection expressed with a view to addressing concerns and facilitating accreditation wherever possible following the conclusion of the period of informal consultations the chair will provide an update to all member states at the next substantive plenary session and allow for an exchange of views if necessary you On the basis of informal consultations, if there is consensus to do so, the Chair may put forward a decision to the global mechanism to confirm the accreditation of some or all stakeholders that had initially received objections.

Where consensus is not yet attainable, the Chair will continue to engage in further informal consultations as appropriate. With regard to next steps, the Secretariat will announce the opening of the annual accreditation window in the coming weeks and well in advance of the July substantive session. Information on the application process will be shared with stakeholders and states alike. An email distribution list for interested stakeholders has been set up by the Secretariat. Interested stakeholders may find the link to join the distribution list on the Global Mechanism webpage. State communications will continue to be done through the e -delegate module. As I noted in my letter dated 18th of March, I also intend to hold an informal consultative meeting with interested stakeholders in the coming weeks.

States are invited to observe and do not need to register. Connection details will be shared by the Secretariat. May I take it that it is now time to move on to the next module? It is the wish of the Global Mechanism to conclude its consideration of Agenda Item 6. it is so decided as I said we will now turn to item 5 of our agenda entitled agenda for the substantive plenary sessions on the 18th of March together with my letter as the chair designate I circulated a provisional agenda for the substantive plenary sessions for the first cycle of the global mechanism that was drafted in accordance with the modality agreed by states which is that the plenary sessions would be organized in accordance with the five pillars of the framework for responsible state behavior in the use of ICTs and that is document A -80 -257 Annex 1 that is circulated for the consideration of states and the document symbol is a /a/c .304 /2026 /l .1 I propose this provisional agenda guide the work of the substantive plenary sessions to be held in 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029 ahead of the first review conference in 2030.

A separate agenda for the review conference is envisaged. As you can see items 1 to 4 include basic organizational matters including item 1 opening of the session Item 2, election of the officers. Item 3, provisional agenda. Item 4, organisation of work. And also item 8, any other business. Item 5 is drawn directly from the consensus modalities agreed by states. In General Assembly Document A -80 -257 Annex 1 and A -79 -214 Annex C, it lists the familiar headings of the five pillars of the Framework for Responsible State Behaviour in the use of ICTs. Item 6 provides for… the consideration of the work of the dedicated thematic groups, including updates by facilitators of those groups. this item also provides for the consideration of any draft recommendations transmitted by the dedicated thematic groups to the global mechanism at its substantive plenary sessions for consideration by states in accordance with the decision -making modalities of the mechanism item 7 provides for adoption of reports the frequency of which remains an open question on which I would invite states to share their views to communicate that to the chair’s team or to your humble servant I hope that all delegations will have received the program for the agenda for the substantive sessions and I would now like to open the floor for states’ delegations if they would like

Islamic Republic of Iran

Thank you, Madam Chair, and thank you for explanation of the provisional agenda for the parallel session. First, we don’t think that agenda item five accurately reflect the mandate of the global mechanism. And in response to the comment made yesterday by one delegation, I wish to state clearly that we are not seeking in any manner to expand the mandate of the global mechanism. Our position is to ensure full and precise adherence to the mandate as agreed by all states. As set out… Thank you. progress report of the OEWG, including its five -pillar structure. We believe that organizational session provides the appropriate opportunity to adopt the agenda for the substantive planning session. This would enable the global mechanism to commence its substantive work without delay and avoid diverting valuable time to procedural matter.

We must underline that the mandate of the global mechanism has already been agreed by consensus and is not open to reinterpretation or renegotiation. The issue before us is therefore not one that requires additional negotiations or consultations, but rather one of ensuring that the provisional agenda accurately and fully reflected the agreed mandate. We are confident that this can be addressed at this organizational session, thereby allowing for the timely adoption of the agenda, preventing the unnecessary deferral. of a matter that is both clear and already agreed, and facilitating the effective commencement of substantive work. And Madam Chair, we would like to recall that in the OEWG process, the mandate set out in Resolution 75 -240 was consistently and precisely reflected in the agenda and program of work of the OEWG.

We believe that the same approach should be maintained for the global mechanism. I thank you, Madam Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much, and I will give the floor to the Russian Federation.

Russian Federation

Thank you, Madam Chair. I will be brief. I would like to return to what the Russian delegation said yesterday. In large part, this is a technical problem, which is that the wording of the agenda on the five pillars needs to be clear. It needs to be brought into line with paragraph 9 of Annex C of the report, which the distinguished representative Aram was just talking about. Thank you very much.

Chair Egriselda López

thank you very much I’d like to know whether any other delegation would like to take the floor to respond to recent observations made I see that’s not the case so may I take it that it is the wish of the global mechanism to update the agenda taking into account the proposals made by the Islamic Republic of Iran I now give the floor to the following delegations the European Union Canada and the United States European Union you have the floor thank you

European Union

Thank you, Chair. We welcome the provisional agenda as you set out for the plenary as is. We indeed see a need in line with the mandate provided by the Open End Working Group to discuss the five pillars guiding the steps and guiding our work that we need to do to implement the United Nations Framework of Responsible State Behavior in cyberspace. We see that the agenda already refers to the annexes, both Annex C as Annex 1 of the 2024 APR and the final Open End Working Group report. And we feel that singling out just one paragraph is exactly doing that, what the Iranian delegation does not want to do, and that is reinterpreting and renegotiating of what has been done in the Open End Working Group.

And therefore, we cannot accept that proposal.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you, Canada.

Canada

Thank you, Madam Chair. Canada refers to our July consensus agreements, which provide that, and I quote, the work of the substantive plenary sessions will be organized in accordance with the five pillars of the framework, end quote. Our July consensus agreement also provides that the dedicated thematic groups would report to the plenary sessions with updates and recommendations. And as such, we support the Chair -proposed plenary agenda and the way it reflects those elements. Thank you, Madam Chair.

Chair Egriselda López

Thank you very much. The United States, you have the floor.

United States

Thank you so much, Madam Chair. I think we would also like to reiterate our reservation to the plenary agenda as we shared a few minutes before. Like I said back then, too, we welcome the initial draft that you have shared with us. We think that the plenary sessions will serve an important function in the global mechanism. We’ve seen that over the years in the OEWG, and we think that the plenary sessions will serve an important function in the global mechanism. We think that the plenary meetings will be a good opportunity to reflect on the high -level topics more in depth, but we think that the plenary should decide the… agenda, its own agenda, so we would like to continue to place a reservation on the agenda and leave it for July to decide, but very happy to engage in the intersessional with you or with others interested.

Thank you so much.

Chair Egriselda López

Muchisimas gracias. Thank you very much for those comments. Would any other delegation like to take the floor on this item of the agenda? I see that’s not the case. It’s not the intention of the Chair to renegotiate anything relating to the very valuable work that you’ve done for so many years. It’s just my intention to provide a basis for discussions, making a reference to all of these agreements that were achieved. if you see in the draft agenda there are hyperlinks included as well to all of these documents if you want to consult them so let me make this clear at no time have I been trying to limit or get around any language on the contrary all of the documents that form the basis for the work are reference so the agenda has that information and will be able to guide our work for upcoming months I think it’s important to just make this clarification Senegal you’ve asked for the floor

Senegal

thank you Madam Chair very briefly I welcome the provisional agenda I’d like to stress the need that we keep transparency so that delegations can know what any future developments are with regard to this programme of work with regard to item 7, adoption of reports I’m thinking aloud here would it be better to say consideration of reports because we might adopt or we might not adopt reports depending so perhaps we need to be more flexible on how we word that item but that’s me just thinking aloud, thank you

Chair Egriselda López

thank you very much for that comment I’d like to perhaps hear from other delegations now with regard to Senegal’s proposal I don’t see anyone asking for the floor very well well unfortunately I don’t think that the group is yet in a position to agree the provisional agenda that we are looking at therefore and also with a view to continuing to follow a transparent approach but also to speed up our work and that’s what we were discussing on the previous item it’s my intention to continue with these consultations on the draft program of work so that we can approve it before the beginning of the session in July. Once again my request to all of you is that when you get involved in these informal consultations that we be able to work with a view to implementing all of these commitments that you’ve been working on for so long so that we can really get down to work.

So these will be the following steps so that we can reach agreement on this item of the agenda. I don’t see any other delegation asking for the floor, so it’s my understanding that the global mechanism has concluded agenda item five of the agenda. That’s agreed. So we’ll move now on to the last subject, which is other business. I’d like to know whether any delegation under this item would like to take the floor. Thank you. since no one is asking for the floor may I take it therefore that the global mechanism would like to conclude its consideration of agenda item 7 it is so decided very well excellences, distinguished delegates we’ve exhausted all items of the agenda for this organizational session and we have concluded on some matters, others are still outstanding as we’ve just heard but with a view to continuing to work and reach agreements as soon as possible we will be convening these informal consultations once again I thank you for your flexibility and your spirit of constructive good faith and I think that’s what will enable us to reach agreements as soon as possible the agenda is very important so that we can ensure the predictability that so many of you have asked for and this preparation will be so necessary so that we can proceed with the work of the global mechanism and also we need to work on the composition of the team for the co -facilitators the chairs team thank you in advance for the support that you will be providing to the chair in that work therefore I declare closed the organisational session of the global mechanism on developments in the field of ICTs and advancing responsible state behaviour in the use of ICTs thank you very much thank you the meeting is adjourned

Speakers Analysis
Detailed breakdown of each speaker’s arguments and positions
R
Russian Federation
4 arguments138 words per minute1135 words491 seconds
Argument 1
Co-facilitators should be appointed by consensus among member states rather than unilaterally by the Chair
EXPLANATION
The Russian Federation argues that co-facilitators are officials by definition who will be introducing substantive and political issues that form an integral component of the mechanism’s activities. Therefore, their appointment should be approved by consensus among all member states rather than being a unilateral decision by the Chair.
EVIDENCE
References the consensus modalities agreed and enshrined in the final report and General Assembly resolution, and compares to other UN formats like the Ad Hoc Committee for cybercrime convention where officials are elected by member states
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
DISAGREED WITH
Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
Argument 2
Agenda wording needs to be brought into line with paragraph 9 of Annex C of the report
EXPLANATION
The Russian Federation identifies this as a technical problem where the wording of the agenda on the five pillars needs to be clarified and aligned with the specific paragraph referenced in the agreed documents.
EVIDENCE
References paragraph 9 of Annex C of the report as the standard that should be followed
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Agenda for Substantive Plenary Sessions
DISAGREED WITH
Islamic Republic of Iran, European Union, Canada, United States
Argument 3
Three positions among co-facilitators should go to states from the global south
EXPLANATION
The Russian Federation argues that despite formal observance of geographical distribution, there is an unfair imbalance favoring developed countries. They contend that developed countries represent no more than one-fifth of UN membership, so three of the four co-facilitator positions should go to developing countries.
EVIDENCE
Cites various criteria for assessing developed vs developing countries, noting that developed countries don’t exceed one-fifth of total UN membership
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Geographic and Gender Balance
DISAGREED WITH
European Union, Republic of Moldova, Switzerland
Argument 4
Emphasizes need to uphold principle of multilingualism
EXPLANATION
The Russian Federation supports the statements made by other countries about the importance of multilingualism in the work of the mechanism, particularly for the thematic groups.
EVIDENCE
References statements by Colombia, Cuba, Mexico and Senegal on multilingualism
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Multilingualism and Inclusivity
AGREED WITH
Colombia, Cuba, Mexico
I
Islamic Republic of Iran
3 arguments132 words per minute671 words304 seconds
Argument 1
Co-facilitators should be chosen by consensus among member states to ensure transparency and legitimacy
EXPLANATION
Iran argues that facilitators should be selected through consensus among member states rather than appointed by the Chair, emphasizing that this approach would help ensure equitable geographical distribution and maintain the legitimacy of the process.
EVIDENCE
Notes that during OEWG discussions, the proposal for chair to appoint facilitators appeared in initial draft but was ultimately removed due to lack of agreement among member states
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Australia, Republic of Moldova, France, Malaysia, Cuba, Germany, Mexico
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
Argument 2
Consensus-based modality for stakeholder participation applies to thematic groups, not just plenary sessions
EXPLANATION
Iran argues that the consensus-based modality for stakeholder participation in the global mechanism, as reflected in the final OEWG report, should also apply to the dedicated thematic groups, not just the plenary sessions.
EVIDENCE
References the final report of the OEWG as the basis for this interpretation
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Stakeholder Participation and Modalities
DISAGREED WITH
Canada
Argument 3
Agenda item five does not accurately reflect the mandate of the global mechanism as agreed
EXPLANATION
Iran contends that the provisional agenda does not fully and precisely adhere to the mandate as agreed by all states, emphasizing that the mandate has already been agreed by consensus and is not open to reinterpretation. They believe the organizational session provides the appropriate opportunity to adopt the correct agenda.
EVIDENCE
References the OEWG process where the mandate set out in Resolution 75-240 was consistently and precisely reflected in the agenda and program of work
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Agenda for Substantive Plenary Sessions
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, European Union, Canada, United States
E
European Union
5 arguments152 words per minute974 words383 seconds
Argument 1
Chair has prerogative to appoint co-facilitators in line with UN practice, enabling timely preparation
EXPLANATION
The EU supports the Chair’s prerogative to appoint co-facilitators as established UN practice, arguing this would allow for timely preparation of programs of work and enable stable, action-oriented discussions in the first DTGs. They emphasize the need to ensure discussions can deliver concrete results.
EVIDENCE
References UN practices for such roles and the need for timely preparation of programs of work
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Islamic Republic of Iran, Australia, Republic of Moldova, France, Malaysia, Cuba, Germany, Mexico
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Republic of Moldova, Switzerland
Argument 2
DTGs should be interconnected and complementary, with expert briefings enriching exchanges
EXPLANATION
The EU envisions DTG1 and DTG2 as interconnected and complementary, where discussions on specific threats and challenges in DTG1 drive identification of capacity building gaps in DTG2. They support expert briefings and multi-stakeholder participation to inform discussions and develop practical guidance.
EVIDENCE
Describes a solid loop where DTGs provide concrete recommendations to the plenary, which then provides guidance back to DTGs for further work
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Republic of Moldova, Germany
Argument 3
Suggests two progress reports in years 2 and 4, summaries in years 1 and 3, final report in year 5
EXPLANATION
To avoid overburdening the mechanism with negotiations while allowing focus on practical action, the EU suggests a structured reporting schedule with progress reports in years 2 and 4, summary reports in years 1 and 3, and a final substantive report in year 5 for the review conference.
EVIDENCE
Proposes this structure to avoid overburdening the mechanism with negotiations and allow focus on practical action
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Reporting and Documentation
Argument 4
Multi-stakeholder community should inform discussions through written contributions and expert briefings
EXPLANATION
The EU welcomes opportunities for stakeholders to contribute to formal meetings and supports Chair-led consultative sessions with stakeholders. They emphasize that multi-stakeholder participation should inform discussions verbally and through written contributions to develop common understanding of implementation roles.
EVIDENCE
References the whole-of-government approach and the need for appropriate expertise to inspire further work and tangible outcomes
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Stakeholder Participation and Modalities
AGREED WITH
Canada, Germany
Argument 5
Supports the provisional agenda as proposed by the Chair
EXPLANATION
The EU welcomes the provisional agenda for the plenary as structured around the five pillars of the framework. They argue that singling out just one paragraph would constitute reinterpreting and renegotiating what was done in the Open End Working Group, which they cannot accept.
EVIDENCE
Notes that the agenda already refers to both Annex C and Annex 1 of the 2024 final Open End Working Group report
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Agenda for Substantive Plenary Sessions
DISAGREED WITH
Islamic Republic of Iran, Russian Federation, Canada, United States
C
Colombia
3 arguments146 words per minute560 words229 seconds
Argument 1
DTGs should focus on rotating specific subjects within mandate to avoid thematic overreach and ensure verifiable results
EXPLANATION
Colombia proposes that DTG1 should deal with rotating and specific subjects within its mandate instead of trying to simultaneously address all issues under its purview. This approach would avoid thematic overreach and allow for verifiable results with structured timelines.
EVIDENCE
Suggests working on specific cases (hypothetical or real) whose analysis would generate concrete recommendations in areas like incident cooperation, response guides, and simulation exercises
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Canada, France, Italy, Germany, Mexico
Argument 2
DTGs should have simultaneous interpretation to ensure inclusion and effective participation
EXPLANATION
Colombia calls for the thematic groups to have simultaneous interpretation as much as possible, arguing this would contribute to ensuring inclusion and allow for effective participation of technical experts from different regions and linguistic contexts.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Cuba, Mexico
Argument 3
DTGs should produce results documents distinguishing between consensus recommendations and those needing further development
EXPLANATION
Colombia proposes that DTGs should produce results documents clearly distinguishing between two types of recommendations: those sufficiently developed with consensus that can be taken to plenary for adoption, and those with conceptual support but needing further development that the plenary should continue working on.
EVIDENCE
Argues this system would provide tangible benefits by making most of plenary time, giving visibility to work underway, and providing incentive for continuity
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
C
China
1 argument84 words per minute60 words42 seconds
Argument 1
Supports consensus-based decision making for co-facilitator appointments
EXPLANATION
China supports the views expressed by Russian and Iranian colleagues that based on the agreed rules of procedure, all decisions of the global mechanism should be consensus-based. While the Chair can propose co-facilitators, the final decision should be made by consensus among all member states.
EVIDENCE
References the rules of procedure just agreed that establish consensus-based decision making
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
A
Australia
3 arguments165 words per minute674 words243 seconds
Argument 1
Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly as her prerogative following UN practices
EXPLANATION
Australia echoes requests from multiple regional groups for the Chair to appoint co-facilitators promptly, noting this follows established General Assembly practice. They emphasize the need for balance reflecting developed and developing states, and where practicable, gender balance, so co-facilitators can help share workload and provide technical expertise.
EVIDENCE
References requests from Arab group, Africa group, European Union and others, and notes established General Assembly practice of balancing developed and developing states
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Moldova, France, Malaysia, Cuba, Germany, Mexico
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
Argument 2
DTGs are incredibly important for mechanism success, providing platform for expert collaboration on key issues
EXPLANATION
Australia emphasizes that DTGs will be incredibly important for the mechanism’s success, providing a platform for experts to go deep on important issues and work on details and substance in a cross-cutting and collaborative way. They welcome expert briefings, guiding questions, and hybrid meetings for inclusive participation.
EVIDENCE
Cites innovative ideas heard from various countries including norms implementation checklist, point of contact directory, CBMs, international law simulation exercises, diagnostic assessments, and coordinated matchmaking
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
Argument 3
DTGs should identify concrete needs and best practices to advance framework and uplift capabilities
EXPLANATION
Australia argues that building on the Chair’s vision and member states’ innovative ideas, DTGs can identify concrete needs and best practices, practical actions to advance the framework and uplift both inclusivity of the mechanism and capabilities of all states. They emphasize the need to work with optimism and imagination.
EVIDENCE
References the mature ecosystem that already exists for cyber-capacity building including providers, exercises, matchmakers, and funding mechanisms
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
B
Belarus
1 argument137 words per minute252 words109 seconds
Argument 1
Appointment of co-facilitators should be done on consensus basis among member states
EXPLANATION
Belarus argues that co-facilitators will be introducing substantive and political issues that will have fundamental effects on the entire negotiating process within the mechanism. Therefore, their appointment needs to be done on the basis of consensus among member states, and arbitrary unilateral appointment could harm the principle of consensus in decision-making.
EVIDENCE
Notes that DTGs are very important and their outputs will have extremely important fundamental effects for the results of the entire negotiating process
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
R
Republic of Moldova
3 arguments124 words per minute392 words189 seconds
Argument 1
Supports balanced composition including representation from developing and developed countries
EXPLANATION
Moldova welcomes the Chair’s thoughtful approach on proposing balanced composition of facilitators, including representation from both developing and developed countries. They have full confidence in the Chair’s leadership in identifying suitable candidates and look forward to engaging with appointed facilitators promptly.
EVIDENCE
Notes this approach contributes to inclusivity and ensures diverse perspectives are reflected in the mechanism’s work
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Islamic Republic of Iran, Australia, France, Malaysia, Cuba, Germany, Mexico
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, European Union, Switzerland
Argument 2
Gender representation should be taken into account for facilitator selection
EXPLANATION
Moldova emphasizes that proper gender representation should be considered as an important element of inclusivity and balance in the work of the mechanism when selecting facilitators.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Geographic and Gender Balance
Argument 3
DTGs should allow for more focused discussions on limited priority issues producing concrete recommendations
EXPLANATION
Moldova sees DTGs as key engines of substantive progress that should allow for focused, in-depth discussion on a limited number of priority issues with a view to producing concrete and implementable recommendations. Their work should be informed by technical expertise and practical experience.
EVIDENCE
Emphasizes the importance of ensuring coherence and complementarity between thematic groups, with discussions on ICT threats informing identification of capacity gaps
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Germany
F
France
2 arguments163 words per minute410 words150 seconds
Argument 1
Chair has confidence to appoint co-facilitators meeting geographical balance and competence criteria
EXPLANATION
France supports the Chair’s prerogatives in appointing co-facilitators in accordance with UN practice, expressing confidence that the Chair can appoint candidates meeting both geographical balance and competence criteria. They emphasize that co-facilitators’ expertise will be a crucial asset in supporting the Chair.
EVIDENCE
References UN practice recalled by the Chair and supports statement by Algeria on behalf of Arab group calling for geographical balance and competence
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Islamic Republic of Iran, Australia, Republic of Moldova, Malaysia, Cuba, Germany, Mexico
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
Argument 2
DTGs should conduct in-depth work on precise, concrete subjects of major challenges facing member states
EXPLANATION
France believes DTGs should focus on conducting in-depth work on precise, concrete subjects that are limited in number and represent major challenges facing member states in cyberspace – essentially those keeping administrations up at night. They should provide results that are concrete, tangible, easy to use, and justify collective engagement.
EVIDENCE
References Singapore’s comment about states wondering about the interest in devoting resources to following the mechanism
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Colombia, Canada, Italy, Germany, Mexico
C
Canada
4 arguments162 words per minute863 words319 seconds
Argument 1
Supports Chair-proposed plenary agenda reflecting July consensus agreements
EXPLANATION
Canada refers to July consensus agreements providing that substantive plenary sessions will be organized according to the five pillars of the framework, and that dedicated thematic groups would report to plenary sessions with updates and recommendations. They support the Chair-proposed agenda as reflecting these elements.
EVIDENCE
Quotes directly from July consensus agreements about organization according to five pillars and DTG reporting requirements
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Agenda for Substantive Plenary Sessions
DISAGREED WITH
Islamic Republic of Iran, Russian Federation, European Union, United States
Argument 2
DTGs should focus on topics most pressing to address for most states like critical infrastructure and ransomware
EXPLANATION
Canada argues that DTGs should be focused and not try to address too many topics at once to achieve action-oriented outcomes. They suggest focusing on topics most pressing for most states, noting that critical infrastructure protection and ransomware have been raised most frequently in the OEWG over the years.
EVIDENCE
Notes that in this organizational session alone, Colombia, Iraq, Turkey, India, EU, African Group, Pacific Island Forum and others called for more work on critical infrastructure protection, with numerous references to ransomware
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Colombia, France, Italy, Germany, Mexico
Argument 3
Stakeholder modalities were integral to consensus package and should respect the careful balance struck
EXPLANATION
Canada emphasizes that stakeholder modalities were one of the last issues resolved in July and are integral to the consensus package. They note that a cross-regional group had proposed more ambitious modalities, but what was agreed represents the bottom line for those recognizing stakeholder value, and this careful balance should be respected.
EVIDENCE
References that the framework provides for stakeholder participation in every aspect of the global mechanism, with clear provisions in paragraph 11 of Annex C and paragraph 15 of Annex 1
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Stakeholder Participation and Modalities
Argument 4
Framework provides for stakeholder participation in every aspect of the global mechanism
EXPLANATION
Canada clarifies that the agreed framework provides for stakeholder participation throughout the global mechanism, with formal meetings having detailed modalities and DTGs following UN practice for informal meetings. They note states can nominate stakeholders for expert briefings and the wider community is invited to participate in DTG discussions.
EVIDENCE
Cites specific paragraphs: paragraph 11 of Annex C for formal meetings, paragraph 15 of Annex 1 for detailed modalities, paragraph 8 for expert briefings, and paragraph 7 for wider stakeholder participation
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Stakeholder Participation and Modalities
AGREED WITH
European Union, Germany
DISAGREED WITH
Islamic Republic of Iran
D
Djibouti
1 argument136 words per minute177 words77 seconds
Argument 1
Don’t have much time and work needs to conclude efficiently
EXPLANATION
Djibouti emphasizes the time constraint, noting they only have the current day to finalize work and need to conclude by end of afternoon. They support the Chair’s proposal for inclusive choice including developed and developing countries, arguing there’s no reason not to accept the suggested approach since DTG work will be discussed in plenary under consensus.
EVIDENCE
Notes that all DTG work will be discussed in plenary and the mechanism will favor adoption by consensus
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Urgency and Timeline
M
Malaysia
2 arguments159 words per minute231 words86 seconds
Argument 1
Supports Chair’s proposal ensuring inclusive choice including developed and developing countries
EXPLANATION
Malaysia appreciates the Chair’s clear vision for DTGs and sees strong value in these groups serving as key platforms for focused, substantive and action-oriented discussions across all framework pillars. They particularly appreciate the emphasis on expert briefings and guiding questions for meaningful engagement.
EVIDENCE
Notes the importance of hybrid formats for effective participation of all member states and stakeholders from different regions and time zones
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico
Argument 2
DTGs should serve as key platforms for focused, substantive and action-oriented discussions
EXPLANATION
Malaysia sees strong value in DTGs serving as key platforms for focused, substantive and action-oriented discussions across all pillars of the framework. They support regular updates from DTGs to the Chair and plenary, while ensuring arrangements remain flexible and adaptive for efficient operation.
EVIDENCE
Emphasizes the importance of expert briefings and guiding questions for helping delegations engage meaningfully and ensuring structured, inclusive and productive discussions
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
N
Nicaragua
1 argument132 words per minute193 words87 seconds
Argument 1
Co-facilitators should be appointed through consensus with transparent consultations respecting geographic representation
EXPLANATION
Nicaragua stresses the importance of appointing co-facilitators through broad-based, transparent and inclusive consultations that reflect consensus among member states, in line with the intergovernmental and consensual nature of the mechanism. They emphasize these appointments should not be seen as unilateral decisions but as collective determinations.
EVIDENCE
Argues this approach will help increase legitimacy of the process, create greater balance and trust between delegations
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
A
Argentina
1 argument162 words per minute313 words115 seconds
Argument 1
Chair should lead intersessional consultations to identify DTG issues and prepare draft subjects document
EXPLANATION
Argentina proposes that the Chair should lead intersessional consultations prior to the next plenary to identify issues for DTGs, then prepare and circulate a document containing draft subjects for each DTG. This document should be formally considered by the plenary so member states can make adjustments and approve the working agenda.
EVIDENCE
Argues this approach would help give greater clarity, predictability and legitimacy to the process, and help build consensus for DTGs to start with clear, broadly supported mandates
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
N
Nigeria
1 argument154 words per minute68 words26 seconds
Argument 1
Chair should appoint co-facilitators with balanced representation as called for by African Group
EXPLANATION
Nigeria reaffirms the Global African Group’s earlier statement calling for the Chair to nominate co-facilitators with balanced representation, given the important role of co-facilitators and the urgency of time in the process.
EVIDENCE
References the Global African Group’s earlier statement
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
U
United Kingdom
2 arguments151 words per minute208 words82 seconds
Argument 1
Supports Chair’s prerogative to make appointments with principles of balance and geographic distribution
EXPLANATION
The UK supports the Chair’s prerogative to make co-facilitator appointments and agrees with the principles of balance between developed and developing states and geographic distribution. They also support gender balance and emphasize that personal skills and experience of co-facilitators are key factors.
EVIDENCE
Notes that prompt appointment of DTG co-facilitators is crucial for the new global mechanism to get off to an effective start
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Australia, Egypt, Senegal, Japan, Switzerland, Germany
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
Argument 2
Personal skills and experience of co-facilitators are key factors
EXPLANATION
The UK emphasizes that as experts supporting the Chair, the personal skills and experience of co-facilitators are key factors in their selection, alongside principles of balance and geographic distribution.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Technical Expertise and Neutrality
C
Cuba
1 argument148 words per minute154 words62 seconds
Argument 1
Supports Chair’s proposal ensuring inclusive choice including developed and developing countries
EXPLANATION
Cuba congratulates the Chair and recognizes the work done by her team. They support the proposals made by various countries to have the ability to take decisions on co-facilitators for thematic groups and appreciate that the Chair has followed the practice of ensuring equitable geographic distribution.
EVIDENCE
Also agrees with Colombia’s recommendation regarding the need for multilingual capacity in the work
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Colombia, Mexico
I
Italy
2 arguments141 words per minute442 words187 seconds
Argument 1
Selection of co-facilitators falls within Chair’s prerogatives as per UN practice
EXPLANATION
Italy fully aligns with the EU statement and views the appointment of co-facilitators as falling within the Chair’s prerogatives, as per UN practice. They see DTGs as interconnected and complementary, where plenaries and DTGs reinforce each other for action-oriented discussions and initiatives.
EVIDENCE
References the structure set out in the 2025 OEWG final report where DTGs conduct focused discussions and report to plenary with updates and recommendations
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
Argument 2
DTGs should focus on limited number of topics like ransomware and critical infrastructure protection
EXPLANATION
Italy believes it’s advisable to limit the number of topics discussed each year so DTGs can be more effective, allowing proper time for member states to exchange views across five pillars while benefiting from experts’ and stakeholders’ contributions. They identify ransomware, critical infrastructure protection, non-state actors’ role, and EDTs’ impact on cybersecurity as topics of major interest.
EVIDENCE
Notes they are keen on sending experts to some sessions and look forward to learning modalities for doing so
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Colombia, Canada, France, Germany, Mexico
E
Egypt
1 argument168 words per minute257 words91 seconds
Argument 1
Developing countries need to engage in substantive discussions quickly, so co-facilitators should be appointed promptly
EXPLANATION
Egypt emphasizes that developing countries’ main focus is to engage in substantive discussions as quickly as possible to address challenges they all face. To do this, the Chair needs to be empowered with a team that should be appointed quickly and be well-equipped with professional experts who understand the specifics.
EVIDENCE
Warns that after two years, the Chair will be held accountable for what she provides to the mechanism, so substantive discussions must begin soon
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Australia, Senegal, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany
S
Senegal
3 arguments102 words per minute374 words218 seconds
Argument 1
Co-facilitators should be appointed as soon as possible to make progress on the mechanism
EXPLANATION
Senegal emphasizes the need to use intersessional periods to make progress on discussions for the future mechanism. They argue that as soon as the list of co-facilitators is available, bilateral discussions can start to make progress, reiterating the African group’s position for the Chair to appoint co-facilitators as soon as possible.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Australia, Egypt, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany
Argument 2
Reports should balance discussions with consensus and those without consensus to maintain institutional memory
EXPLANATION
Senegal welcomes the EU’s proposal for reporting but emphasizes the need to strike a balance in reports between discussions where consensus was found and those where it wasn’t. They argue this institutional memory is important because progress can be made on certain subjects even without full agreement, and this should be captured in reports.
EVIDENCE
Notes they’re in a complicated geopolitical environment with more divergence than consensus, but progress discussions shouldn’t be lost
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Reporting and Documentation
Argument 3
Welcomes provisional agenda and suggests flexibility in wording of adoption of reports item
EXPLANATION
Senegal welcomes the provisional agenda but suggests more flexible wording for item 7 on adoption of reports, proposing ‘consideration of reports’ instead since they might adopt or might not adopt reports depending on circumstances.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Agenda for Substantive Plenary Sessions
J
Japan
1 argument129 words per minute137 words63 seconds
Argument 1
Chair has authority to appoint co-facilitators based on UN practices and final report language
EXPLANATION
Japan places great importance on practical discussions and concrete outcomes, believing DTGs will play a significant role. They understand the Chair has authority to appoint co-facilitators based on the final report’s stipulation that the Chair would prepare guiding questions prior to DTGs and UN practices.
EVIDENCE
References the final report adopted by consensus among all member states and UN practices
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Australia, Egypt, Senegal, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands
K
Kingdom of the Netherlands
1 argument149 words per minute380 words152 seconds
Argument 1
Supports Chair’s approach as balanced, inclusive and reflective of UN practice
EXPLANATION
The Netherlands aligns with the EU statement and supports the Chair’s approach regarding co-facilitators as balanced, inclusive and reflective of existing UN practice. They believe it will benefit the process if co-facilitators become part of the global mechanism team promptly to allow substantive exchanges to start in a well-prepared manner.
EVIDENCE
Notes the Netherlands has one of the highest rates of digital connections in the world, making responsible state behavior in ICTs a high priority topic
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
S
Switzerland
2 arguments145 words per minute220 words90 seconds
Argument 1
Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly taking into account geographical distribution, gender equality, and expertise
EXPLANATION
Switzerland supports the Chair’s proposal on appointing co-facilitators for DTGs, taking into account geographical distribution, gender equality, and expertise. They emphasize that the sooner co-facilitators are appointed, the sooner work can start and progress can be made.
EVIDENCE
Thanks France for the non-paper and supports the proposals it contains for how DTGs should function
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Australia, Egypt, Senegal, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, European Union, Republic of Moldova
Argument 2
DTGs will play central role holding in-depth targeted discussions on relevant topics
EXPLANATION
Switzerland sees DTGs as playing a central role in the process, holding more in-depth and targeted discussions on specific topics relevant for states and reality on the ground, in addition to strategic discussions in plenary sessions. They believe this will enable concrete progress in implementing the framework after 20 years of UN discussions.
EVIDENCE
Notes that expectations for the global mechanism are high after 20 years of discussions during which states developed the framework for responsible state behavior
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
M
Mexico
2 arguments121 words per minute390 words193 seconds
Argument 1
Appointments should be made as soon as possible respecting geographic distribution and multilingualism
EXPLANATION
Mexico agrees that co-facilitator appointments need to be made as soon as possible while respecting geographic distribution. They echo requests from Colombia and other delegations to consider multilingualism and Moldova’s comment on gender parity. They support the understanding that appointment is a Chair prerogative while the plenary conserves final decision rights.
EVIDENCE
Notes that facilitating processes within UN mechanisms are directly appointed by the president of the General Assembly, so they invite broad-based informal discussions with member states
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Colombia, Cuba
Argument 2
DTGs should consider limited, clearly defined thematic subjects making the mechanism practical
EXPLANATION
Mexico believes the plenary and DTGs should consider a limited, clearly defined number of thematic subjects to make the mechanism practical from the start. They propose a balanced governance model where the plenary sets strategic goals while DTGs produce concrete results within clearly defined mandates and timelines.
EVIDENCE
Suggests DTGs could focus on practicable deliverables including implementation guidelines, upstream incident cooperation, and exchange of national experiences on confidence-building measures
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
Colombia, Canada, France, Italy, Germany
A
Algeria
2 arguments99 words per minute254 words152 seconds
Argument 1
Appointments should be done through broad-based transparent consultations reflecting consensus
EXPLANATION
Algeria emphasizes that transparency in appointing co-facilitators is as important as their role, viewing transparency as a form of confidence-building measure. They believe there’s a way to uphold procedures and consensus-based decisions while allowing rapid appointment of co-facilitators, with informal consultations helping greatly in this regard.
EVIDENCE
References the expression used by Ambassador Borhanga about not kicking the can down the road, noting that consensus-based decisions have a price
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
Argument 2
Co-facilitators should be appointed based on geographical balance and competence
EXPLANATION
Algeria supports the statement calling for co-facilitators to be appointed based on both geographical balance and competence criteria, ensuring both procedural and geographical transparency including representatives from Arab and African groups.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Technical Expertise and Neutrality
G
Germany
4 arguments150 words per minute929 words370 seconds
Argument 1
Encourages timely appointment by Chair which is viewed as Chair’s prerogative
EXPLANATION
Germany aligns with the EU statement and encourages timely appointment of co-facilitators by the Chair, viewing this as the Chair’s prerogative in line with UN practice. They believe the criteria laid out are well-balanced and reflect the delicate balance struck in the consensus report and UN format practices.
EVIDENCE
References representatives of Egypt, United States, Mexico and many others who echoed this view
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Appointment of Co-Facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Islamic Republic of Iran, Australia, Republic of Moldova, France, Malaysia, Cuba, Mexico
DISAGREED WITH
Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, Netherlands
Argument 2
DTGs should zoom in on collectively shared challenges providing concrete actionable recommendations
EXPLANATION
Germany believes DTGs should focus on challenges collectively shared and of priority to policymakers, such as ransomware or critical infrastructure protection. Through cross-cutting discussions, working groups would provide concrete, actionable recommendations and identify best practices using all framework elements in a balanced way.
EVIDENCE
Notes that ransomware and critical infrastructure are topics many referenced yesterday, and suggests thematic cohesion between DTG1 and DTG2 meetings
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Organization and Structure of Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs)
AGREED WITH
European Union, Republic of Moldova
Argument 3
Academia, private sector, civil society and technical community are central to discussions across all pillars
EXPLANATION
Germany emphasizes that academia, private sector, civil society, and technical community are central to all discussions around state behavior in cyberspace, with their roles cutting across all framework pillars. Drawing on this knowledge through expert briefings during DTG meetings is essential for focused, concrete exchanges grounded in technical reality.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Stakeholder Participation and Modalities
AGREED WITH
European Union, Canada
Argument 4
Progress reports should be issued for plenary sessions in years 2 and 4 of each cycle
EXPLANATION
Germany believes progress reports should be issued for plenary sessions in years 2 and 4, providing each Chair an opportunity to take stock of progress at the end of their biannual term. Summary reports should be issued in years 1 and 3, with a final substantive report in year 5 for the review conference.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Reporting and Documentation
U
United States
1 argument145 words per minute319 words131 seconds
Argument 1
Welcomes initial draft agenda but prefers plenary to decide its own agenda in July
EXPLANATION
The United States welcomes the initial draft agenda shared by the Chair and believes plenary sessions will serve an important function as seen in the OEWG. However, they think the plenary should decide its own agenda, so they place a reservation on the agenda and prefer to leave the decision for July while remaining happy to engage intersessionally.
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Agenda for Substantive Plenary Sessions
DISAGREED WITH
Islamic Republic of Iran, Russian Federation, European Union, Canada
C
Chair Egriselda López
2 arguments105 words per minute5040 words2866 seconds
Argument 1
All decisions of global mechanism should be taken based on consensus principle
EXPLANATION
The Chair affirms that as a subsidiary body of the General Assembly, the global mechanism operates under General Assembly rules of procedure mutatis mutandis, with all decisions based on consensus as stipulated in the agreed modalities. This understanding should guide the work procedurally.
EVIDENCE
References document A-520-REV21 for rules of procedure and paragraph 17 of Annex C of document A-79-214 for consensus decision-making
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Decision-Making and Consensus Principles
Argument 2
Urgent need to begin work as quickly as possible without postponing for long
EXPLANATION
The Chair acknowledges the consensus principle but expresses hope that when presenting proposals through broad informal consultations, delegations will show flexibility given the urgent need to begin work quickly. She emphasizes that postponing the work for very long is not feasible and requests good faith engagement from all parties.
EVIDENCE
Notes that many delegations said they don’t have much time and have already invested years in advancing important substantive questions
MAJOR DISCUSSION POINT
Urgency and Timeline
Agreements
Agreement Points
Need for prompt appointment of co-facilitators to enable timely start of substantive work
Speakers: European Union, Australia, Egypt, Senegal, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany
Chair has prerogative to appoint co-facilitators in line with UN practice, enabling timely preparation Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly as her prerogative following UN practices Developing countries need to engage in substantive discussions quickly, so co-facilitators should be appointed promptly Co-facilitators should be appointed as soon as possible to make progress on the mechanism Chair has authority to appoint co-facilitators based on UN practices and final report language Supports Chair’s prerogative to make appointments with principles of balance and geographic distribution Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly taking into account geographical distribution, gender equality, and expertise Encourages timely appointment by Chair which is viewed as Chair’s prerogative
Multiple speakers agreed that co-facilitators should be appointed promptly by the Chair as her prerogative under UN practice, emphasizing the urgent need to begin substantive work without delay
Importance of geographical balance between developed and developing countries in co-facilitator appointments
Speakers: European Union, Islamic Republic of Iran, Australia, Republic of Moldova, France, Malaysia, Cuba, Germany, Mexico
Chair has prerogative to appoint co-facilitators in line with UN practice, enabling timely preparation Co-facilitators should be chosen by consensus among member states to ensure transparency and legitimacy Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly as her prerogative following UN practices Supports balanced composition including representation from developing and developed countries Chair has confidence to appoint co-facilitators meeting geographical balance and competence criteria Supports Chair’s proposal ensuring inclusive choice including developed and developing countries Supports Chair’s proposal ensuring inclusive choice including developed and developing countries Encourages timely appointment by Chair which is viewed as Chair’s prerogative Appointments should be made as soon as possible respecting geographic distribution and multilingualism
There was broad agreement that co-facilitator appointments should ensure geographical balance between developed and developing countries, with many speakers specifically welcoming the Chair’s approach of appointing one facilitator from each category
DTGs should focus on limited, specific topics to ensure concrete and actionable outcomes
Speakers: Colombia, Canada, France, Italy, Germany, Mexico
DTGs should focus on rotating specific subjects within mandate to avoid thematic overreach and ensure verifiable results DTGs should focus on topics most pressing to address for most states like critical infrastructure and ransomware DTGs should conduct in-depth work on precise, concrete subjects of major challenges facing member states DTGs should focus on limited number of topics like ransomware and critical infrastructure protection DTGs should zoom in on collectively shared challenges providing concrete actionable recommendations DTGs should consider limited, clearly defined thematic subjects making the mechanism practical
Multiple speakers agreed that DTGs should focus on a limited number of specific, concrete topics rather than trying to address all issues simultaneously, with ransomware and critical infrastructure protection frequently mentioned as priority areas
Importance of multilingualism in the work of the mechanism
Speakers: Russian Federation, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico
Emphasizes need to uphold principle of multilingualism DTGs should have simultaneous interpretation to ensure inclusion and effective participation Supports Chair’s proposal ensuring inclusive choice including developed and developing countries Appointments should be made as soon as possible respecting geographic distribution and multilingualism
Several speakers emphasized the importance of multilingualism, particularly for DTG meetings, to ensure inclusive participation of technical experts from different linguistic contexts
DTGs should be interconnected and complementary rather than operating in isolation
Speakers: European Union, Republic of Moldova, Germany
DTGs should be interconnected and complementary, with expert briefings enriching exchanges DTGs should allow for more focused discussions on limited priority issues producing concrete recommendations DTGs should zoom in on collectively shared challenges providing concrete actionable recommendations
Speakers agreed that DTG1 and DTG2 should work in a complementary manner, with discussions on threats and challenges in DTG1 informing capacity building needs identification in DTG2
Importance of stakeholder participation and expert briefings in DTG work
Speakers: European Union, Canada, Germany
Multi-stakeholder community should inform discussions through written contributions and expert briefings Framework provides for stakeholder participation in every aspect of the global mechanism Academia, private sector, civil society and technical community are central to discussions across all pillars
Multiple speakers emphasized the importance of stakeholder participation and expert briefings to inform DTG discussions with technical expertise and practical experience
Similar Viewpoints
These speakers shared the view that co-facilitator appointments should be made through consensus among member states rather than as a unilateral Chair prerogative, emphasizing transparency and legitimacy of the process
Speakers: Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua
Co-facilitators should be appointed by consensus among member states rather than unilaterally by the Chair Co-facilitators should be chosen by consensus among member states to ensure transparency and legitimacy Supports consensus-based decision making for co-facilitator appointments Appointment of co-facilitators should be done on consensus basis among member states Co-facilitators should be appointed through consensus with transparent consultations respecting geographic representation
These speakers shared strong support for the Chair’s prerogative to appoint co-facilitators as established UN practice, emphasizing the need for prompt appointments to enable timely start of substantive work
Speakers: European Union, Australia, Republic of Moldova, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany
Chair has prerogative to appoint co-facilitators in line with UN practice, enabling timely preparation Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly as her prerogative following UN practices Supports balanced composition including representation from developing and developed countries Chair has confidence to appoint co-facilitators meeting geographical balance and competence criteria Supports Chair-proposed plenary agenda reflecting July consensus agreements Supports Chair’s prerogative to make appointments with principles of balance and geographic distribution Selection of co-facilitators falls within Chair’s prerogatives as per UN practice Chair has authority to appoint co-facilitators based on UN practices and final report language Supports Chair’s approach as balanced, inclusive and reflective of UN practice Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly taking into account geographical distribution, gender equality, and expertise Encourages timely appointment by Chair which is viewed as Chair’s prerogative
These speakers specifically emphasized the importance of gender balance in addition to geographical distribution when selecting co-facilitators
Speakers: Republic of Moldova, Switzerland, Germany
Gender representation should be taken into account for facilitator selection Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly taking into account geographical distribution, gender equality, and expertise Encourages timely appointment by Chair which is viewed as Chair’s prerogative
Unexpected Consensus
Urgent need to begin substantive work despite procedural disagreements
Speakers: Egypt, Djibouti, Senegal
Developing countries need to engage in substantive discussions quickly, so co-facilitators should be appointed promptly Don’t have much time and work needs to conclude efficiently Co-facilitators should be appointed as soon as possible to make progress on the mechanism
Despite being developing countries that might be expected to align with calls for consensus-based appointments, these speakers prioritized the urgent need to begin substantive work over procedural concerns, showing pragmatic flexibility
Broad support for Chair’s leadership across different regional groups
Speakers: Algeria, Nigeria, Malaysia
Appointments should be done through broad-based transparent consultations reflecting consensus Chair should appoint co-facilitators with balanced representation as called for by African Group Supports Chair’s proposal ensuring inclusive choice including developed and developing countries
Even speakers calling for transparency and consultations expressed confidence in the Chair’s leadership and supported her approach, suggesting trust in her ability to conduct inclusive consultations
Overall Assessment

The discussion revealed strong consensus on several key areas: the need for prompt appointment of co-facilitators, importance of geographical balance, focus on limited specific topics for DTGs, and the value of stakeholder participation. The main division was between those supporting the Chair’s prerogative to appoint co-facilitators (primarily Western countries) versus those calling for consensus-based appointments (primarily Russia, Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua). However, even among those calling for consensus, there was notable support for the Chair’s leadership and approach.

High level of consensus on substantive issues and organizational principles, with procedural disagreements that appear manageable through the Chair’s proposed informal consultations. The broad support for urgent progress and the Chair’s leadership suggests good prospects for resolving the co-facilitator appointment issue through dialogue.

Differences
Different Viewpoints
Method of appointing co-facilitators for Dedicated Thematic Groups
Speakers: Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria, European Union, Australia, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Netherlands
Co-facilitators should be appointed by consensus among member states rather than unilaterally by the Chair Co-facilitators should be chosen by consensus among member states to ensure transparency and legitimacy Supports consensus-based decision making for co-facilitator appointments Appointment of co-facilitators should be done on consensus basis among member states Co-facilitators should be appointed through consensus with transparent consultations respecting geographic representation Appointments should be done through broad-based transparent consultations reflecting consensus Chair has prerogative to appoint co-facilitators in line with UN practice, enabling timely preparation Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly as her prerogative following UN practices Chair has confidence to appoint co-facilitators meeting geographical balance and competence criteria Supports Chair-proposed plenary agenda reflecting July consensus agreements Supports Chair’s prerogative to make appointments with principles of balance and geographic distribution Encourages timely appointment by Chair which is viewed as Chair’s prerogative Chair has authority to appoint co-facilitators based on UN practices and final report language Supports Chair’s approach as balanced, inclusive and reflective of UN practice
Fundamental disagreement between two camps: one group (Russia, Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, Algeria) insists co-facilitators must be appointed by consensus among all member states, while another group (EU, Australia, France, Canada, UK, Germany, Japan, Netherlands) supports the Chair’s prerogative to appoint co-facilitators following UN practice. The disagreement centers on interpretation of consensus decision-making requirements and UN procedural practices.
Accuracy of provisional agenda for substantive plenary sessions
Speakers: Islamic Republic of Iran, Russian Federation, European Union, Canada, United States
Agenda item five does not accurately reflect the mandate of the global mechanism as agreed Agenda wording needs to be brought into line with paragraph 9 of Annex C of the report Supports the provisional agenda as proposed by the Chair Supports Chair-proposed plenary agenda reflecting July consensus agreements Welcomes initial draft agenda but prefers plenary to decide its own agenda in July
Iran and Russia argue the provisional agenda doesn’t accurately reflect the agreed mandate and needs technical corrections to align with specific paragraphs in the final report. The EU and Canada support the agenda as proposed, while the US welcomes the draft but prefers the plenary to decide its own agenda in July.
Stakeholder participation modalities in thematic groups
Speakers: Islamic Republic of Iran, Canada
Consensus-based modality for stakeholder participation applies to thematic groups, not just plenary sessions Framework provides for stakeholder participation in every aspect of the global mechanism
Iran argues that consensus-based modalities for stakeholder participation should apply to DTGs as well as plenary sessions, while Canada interprets the framework as already providing for stakeholder participation throughout the mechanism with different modalities for formal vs informal meetings.
Geographic distribution balance among co-facilitators
Speakers: Russian Federation, European Union, Republic of Moldova, Switzerland
Three positions among co-facilitators should go to states from the global south Chair has prerogative to appoint co-facilitators in line with UN practice, enabling timely preparation Supports balanced composition including representation from developing and developed countries Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly taking into account geographical distribution, gender equality, and expertise
Russia argues for a 3:1 ratio favoring developing countries among the four co-facilitator positions, claiming developed countries represent only one-fifth of UN membership. Other speakers support the Chair’s proposed 2:2 balance between developed and developing countries.
Unexpected Differences
Interpretation of consensus decision-making scope
Speakers: Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, Chair Egriselda López, European Union
Co-facilitators should be appointed by consensus among member states rather than unilaterally by the Chair Co-facilitators should be chosen by consensus among member states to ensure transparency and legitimacy All decisions of global mechanism should be taken based on consensus principle Chair has prerogative to appoint co-facilitators in line with UN practice, enabling timely preparation
Unexpected because while all parties agreed on consensus-based decision making in principle, they interpreted its scope very differently. Some viewed co-facilitator appointment as an administrative/procedural matter within Chair’s prerogative, while others saw it as a substantive decision requiring explicit consensus. This reveals deeper tensions about what constitutes a ‘decision’ requiring consensus versus administrative actions.
Technical corrections to agreed language
Speakers: Islamic Republic of Iran, Russian Federation, European Union
Agenda item five does not accurately reflect the mandate of the global mechanism as agreed Agenda wording needs to be brought into line with paragraph 9 of Annex C of the report Supports the provisional agenda as proposed by the Chair
Unexpected because Iran and Russia characterized needed changes as merely ‘technical’ corrections to align with agreed language, while the EU viewed any changes as potentially reopening negotiations. This suggests different interpretations of what constitutes technical versus substantive modifications to agreed text.
Overall Assessment

The discussion revealed fundamental procedural disagreements despite broad substantive agreement on goals. Main areas of disagreement included: appointment methods for co-facilitators, interpretation of consensus decision-making scope, agenda accuracy, stakeholder participation modalities, and geographic distribution balance.

Moderate to high disagreement level with significant implications. While speakers shared common goals (urgent start to substantive work, geographic balance, technical expertise), they were deeply divided on procedural mechanisms. This procedural deadlock could delay the mechanism’s substantive work, with some speakers warning about accountability after two years if progress isn’t made. The disagreements reflect broader tensions between different interpretations of multilateral decision-making practices and could set precedents for future operations of the global mechanism.

Partial Agreements
All speakers agree that co-facilitators need to be appointed urgently and should reflect geographic balance and technical expertise. However, they fundamentally disagree on the process – whether appointment should be by Chair’s prerogative (following UN practice) or require explicit consensus approval from all member states.
Speakers: Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua, European Union, Australia, France, Canada
Co-facilitators should be appointed by consensus among member states rather than unilaterally by the Chair Co-facilitators should be chosen by consensus among member states to ensure transparency and legitimacy Supports consensus-based decision making for co-facilitator appointments Chair has prerogative to appoint co-facilitators in line with UN practice, enabling timely preparation Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly as her prerogative following UN practices
Multiple speakers agree on the importance of multilingualism and language accessibility in the mechanism’s work, but they don’t specify concrete implementation mechanisms or how to balance this with resource constraints.
Speakers: Colombia, Cuba, Russian Federation, Mexico
DTGs should have simultaneous interpretation to ensure inclusion and effective participation Supports Chair’s proposal ensuring inclusive choice including developed and developing countries Emphasizes need to uphold principle of multilingualism Appointments should be made as soon as possible respecting geographic distribution and multilingualism
Several speakers agree that gender balance should be considered in co-facilitator selection alongside geographic distribution and expertise, but they don’t elaborate on how to prioritize these different criteria when they conflict.
Speakers: Republic of Moldova, Switzerland, Germany
Gender representation should be taken into account for facilitator selection Chair should appoint co-facilitators promptly taking into account geographical distribution, gender equality, and expertise Encourages timely appointment by Chair which is viewed as Chair’s prerogative
Takeaways
Key takeaways
The global mechanism will operate under consensus-based decision making, with all decisions requiring agreement among member states Two Dedicated Thematic Groups (DTGs) will be established – DTG1 for cross-cutting ICT security challenges and DTG2 for capacity building acceleration DTGs should focus on limited, specific topics like ransomware and critical infrastructure protection to ensure concrete, actionable outcomes The Chair intends to appoint two co-facilitators per DTG (one from developed, one from developing country) to ensure geographic balance and share workload There is strong emphasis on starting substantive work as quickly as possible, with many delegations stressing urgency DTGs will operate in hybrid format to enable inclusive participation, with in-person attendance strongly encouraged Stakeholder participation will follow agreed modalities with systematic engagement of businesses, NGOs, and academia in consultative capacity The mechanism aims to implement the UN Framework of Responsible State Behavior in cyberspace through practical, action-oriented discussions
Resolutions and action items
Chair will conduct informal consultations with member states regarding appointment of DTG co-facilitators Chair will prepare guiding questions prior to each DTG meeting to focus discussions Chair will prepare a programme of work document ahead of July session to be issued in all UN languages Secretariat will announce opening of annual accreditation window for stakeholders in coming weeks Chair will hold informal consultative meeting with interested stakeholders in coming weeks Chair will continue consultations on draft programme of work to approve before July session begins 2026 substantive plenary session scheduled for July 20-24 at UN Headquarters New York 2026 dedicated thematic group meetings scheduled for December 7-11 at UN Headquarters New York
Unresolved issues
Disagreement over whether Chair has unilateral authority to appoint co-facilitators versus requiring consensus approval from member states Provisional agenda for substantive plenary sessions not agreed upon, with Iran and Russia requesting modifications to reflect mandate more precisely Frequency and format of reporting from DTGs to plenary sessions remains open question Specific topics to be addressed by DTGs not yet determined, though several suggestions made (ransomware, critical infrastructure) Modalities for stakeholder participation in DTGs versus plenary sessions require further clarification Balance between developed and developing country representation among co-facilitators disputed by Russia Question of multilingual support for DTG meetings not fully resolved
Suggested compromises
Chair proposed to engage in broad informal consultations with all member states before appointing co-facilitators to build consensus Algeria suggested informal consultations could help uphold procedures while allowing rapid appointment of co-facilitators Mexico proposed that appointment is Chair’s prerogative but plenary conserves final decision right Senegal suggested changing ‘adoption of reports’ to ‘consideration of reports’ for more flexibility Several delegations suggested balancing consensus and non-consensus elements in reporting to maintain institutional memory Chair emphasized need for flexibility from all parties given urgent need to begin substantive work
Thought Provoking Comments
Russia cannot agree with this interpretation of the fact that it falls within the purview of the chair to simply appoint co-facilitators… their appointment should take place through them being approved by consensus by all member states.
This comment fundamentally challenged the Chair’s proposed approach to appointing co-facilitators by invoking the consensus principle that governs all decisions in the global mechanism. It raised a critical procedural question about the scope of the Chair’s authority versus collective decision-making.
This comment created the central tension of the entire discussion. It immediately divided delegations into two camps – those supporting the Chair’s prerogative (EU, Australia, France, etc.) and those demanding consensus-based selection (Iran, China, Belarus, etc.). It transformed what could have been a routine organizational matter into a fundamental debate about governance and authority within the mechanism.
Speaker: Russian Federation
After two years from now, you will be held accountable and people will ask what you provide to the mechanism. So if we do not engage as quickly as possible in substantive discussions, questions will be raised about what has been done in the two years.
This comment cut through procedural debates to highlight the practical urgency and accountability pressures facing the mechanism. It reframed the discussion from abstract procedural principles to concrete expectations and deliverables.
Egypt’s intervention shifted the tone from procedural wrangling to pragmatic problem-solving. It provided ammunition for delegations supporting quick appointment of co-facilitators and influenced subsequent speakers to emphasize the need for rapid progress. The comment helped crystallize the tension between procedural correctness and operational efficiency.
Speaker: Egypt
We will not support any attempt to use the appointment of the co-facilitators as a means to derail our important work here or to co-opt the DTGs for individual states’ interests.
This comment explicitly framed the procedural debate as potentially being used for obstructionist purposes, introducing a more confrontational element to the discussion by questioning the motives behind the consensus requirement.
The US comment escalated the tension by suggesting that demands for consensus were not made in good faith but were attempts at obstruction. This hardened positions and made compromise more difficult, as it essentially accused certain delegations of bad faith participation.
Speaker: United States
Transparency in our work context is also a form of confidence-building measure… We think there is a way to uphold our procedures and the consensus-based decision while allowing for the rapid appointment of co-facilitators.
This comment was insightful because it reframed transparency as a confidence-building measure (directly relevant to the mechanism’s work) and suggested that the apparent binary choice between speed and consensus was false – that both could be achieved.
Algeria’s intervention provided a potential bridge between the opposing positions by suggesting informal consultations as a solution. It helped move the discussion from confrontation toward potential compromise, influencing the Chair’s final approach of committing to informal consultations while maintaining her prerogative.
Speaker: Algeria
The DTGs should zoom in on challenges that we collectively share and that are of priority to our policymakers. For example, ransomware or the protection of critical infrastructure… Through their cross-cutting discussions, the working groups would provide concrete, actionable recommendations.
This comment provided a clear vision of how the mechanism should function substantively, moving beyond organizational details to articulate what success would look like in practice. It connected procedural decisions to substantive outcomes.
Germany’s substantive vision helped ground the discussion in the mechanism’s ultimate purpose. It influenced other delegations to also articulate their substantive priorities and helped justify why efficient organization (including quick co-facilitator appointment) was necessary for achieving these goals.
Speaker: Germany
If I recall correctly, during the discussions on the modalities of the global mechanism in the OEWG, the proposal for the chair to appoint facilitators for the DTGs appeared in the initial draft, but was ultimately removed due to the lack of agreement among member states.
This comment introduced crucial historical context about the negotiating history, suggesting that the current consensus documents reflected a deliberate decision to reject Chair appointment authority.
Iran’s historical reference strengthened the position of those demanding consensus-based selection by suggesting the current situation was not an oversight but a deliberate choice. It complicated the Chair’s position and forced her to rely more heavily on General Assembly precedent rather than the specific mechanism documents.
Speaker: Islamic Republic of Iran
Overall Assessment

These key comments transformed what began as a routine organizational session into a fundamental debate about governance, authority, and the balance between efficiency and inclusivity in multilateral processes. The Russian Federation’s initial challenge created a fault line that divided the room, while Egypt’s pragmatic intervention about accountability added urgency that influenced many subsequent speakers. The US comment escalated tensions by questioning motives, while Algeria’s suggestion of informal consultations provided a potential path forward. Germany’s substantive vision helped justify the need for efficient organization, and Iran’s historical context complicated the Chair’s position. Together, these comments created a dynamic where procedural and substantive concerns became intertwined, ultimately leading to the Chair’s compromise approach of conducting informal consultations while maintaining her appointment prerogative. The discussion revealed deeper tensions about how consensus-based mechanisms should operate in practice and highlighted the challenge of balancing inclusive decision-making with operational efficiency.

Follow-up Questions
How should the co-facilitators for the dedicated thematic groups be appointed – by the Chair or through consensus among member states?
This is a fundamental procedural question that affects the legitimacy and functioning of the mechanism, with some delegations arguing for consensus-based appointment while others support the Chair’s prerogative
Speaker: Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, China, Belarus, Nicaragua
What specific topics should the dedicated thematic groups focus on during their meetings?
Multiple delegations mentioned potential topics like ransomware, critical infrastructure protection, and capacity building needs, but no final decision was made on which specific issues to prioritize
Speaker: Colombia, Canada, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom
How should the dedicated thematic groups report to the plenary sessions – what format and frequency?
There were various proposals for reporting mechanisms including progress reports in years 2 and 4, summary reports in years 1 and 3, and distinguishing between consensus and non-consensus recommendations
Speaker: European Union, Colombia, Germany, Senegal
How can multilingualism be ensured in the dedicated thematic groups meetings?
Several delegations emphasized the importance of simultaneous interpretation to ensure inclusive participation, particularly for developing countries and technical experts from different linguistic contexts
Speaker: Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Russian Federation
What are the specific modalities for stakeholder participation in the dedicated thematic groups?
There was disagreement about whether consensus-based modalities for stakeholder participation apply to DTGs, with different interpretations of the agreed framework
Speaker: Canada, Islamic Republic of Iran
How should the provisional agenda for substantive plenary sessions be finalized to accurately reflect the agreed mandate?
There was disagreement about whether the current draft agenda accurately reflects the five-pillar structure and whether it needs modification before adoption
Speaker: Islamic Republic of Iran, Russian Federation, European Union, United States
What should be the specific mandates and timelines for the dedicated thematic groups to ensure measurable outputs?
Delegations emphasized the need for clear, time-limited mandates with tangible deliverables to avoid thematic overreach and ensure verifiable results
Speaker: Colombia, Argentina
How can gender balance be ensured in the appointment of co-facilitators?
Several delegations highlighted the importance of considering gender representation alongside geographical balance in selecting co-facilitators
Speaker: Republic of Moldova, Australia, United Kingdom
How should the mechanism handle the selection of expert briefers for the dedicated thematic groups?
Questions were raised about the criteria and process for selecting briefers, including whether they should be exclusively from accredited NGOs and whether their inclusion should be mandatory or optional
Speaker: Russian Federation
What should be the appropriate balance between developed and developing country representation among co-facilitators?
Concerns were raised about whether the proposed 2-2 split between developed and developing countries fairly represents the global membership composition
Speaker: Russian Federation

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