The policy framework for Artificial Intelligence in the Tanzanian health sector

The policy framework for AI in the Tanzanian health sector aims to serve as a guide for systematically integrating AI into healthcare. It outlines essential processes, technologies, principles, and stakeholder roles to enhance the use of AI in achieving better health outcomes. The framework emphasises collaboration among policymakers, healthcare providers, researchers, and training institutions while establishing a foundation for effective policies and regulations.

Rationale for AI investment

The increasing availability of health data and the growing prevalence of smartphones and smart devices present significant opportunities for AI in healthcare. AI is seen as a tool to optimise healthcare delivery, reduce human errors, and improve decision-making and patient outcomes. The Tanzanian government has integrated AI into its digital health strategies to address these opportunities, particularly through initiatives outlined in the national digital health strategy (2019–2024).

Challenges in implementing AI

Several barriers impede the integration of AI in Tanzania’s health sector. These include a lack of clear policies, governance structures, and guidelines for AI implementation. Skills and capabilities for AI development and application are limited, funding for research and execution is inconsistent, and data quality and accessibility issues persist. Additionally, there is a general lack of awareness about AI and its potential benefits among stakeholders.

Strategic components for implementation

To address these challenges, the framework provides the following actionable strategies:

• Leadership and governance: Establish a shared vision among all stakeholders to unify efforts and integrate AI into national health policies and strategies. Create dedicated task teams and committees to ensure coordination and oversight.
• Policy and regulatory support: Develop new policies and revise existing ones to support ethical AI use, data protection, and harmonisation with medical device regulations.
• Capacity development: Implement training programs and curricula to advance the technical and operational understanding of AI for healthcare professionals.
• Infrastructure development: Invest in robust infrastructure beyond devices and data storage to support the effective adoption of AI technologies.
• Ethical considerations: Ensure AI solutions meet safety, efficacy, and equity standards and align with established medical ethics. Create new guidelines to address emerging ethical issues associated with AI.
• Research and innovation: Prioritise government and private sector investment in AI research. Encourage partnerships and incentivise innovations that contribute to the health sector’s growth.
• Sustainability and collaboration: Foster continuous stakeholder engagement and collaboration to build trust and maintain long-term support for AI initiatives.

Recommendations

The framework calls for a strategic, collaborative effort to align AI initiatives with national health objectives and universal health coverage goals. Establishing a comprehensive national AI work plan will facilitate alignment, coordination, and resource mobilisation for the effective implementation of AI in the health sector. By addressing challenges and leveraging opportunities, the Tanzanian health system can become more efficient, resilient, and responsive.